JPS58132751A - Electrophotographic receptor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain an electrophotographic receptor superior in moisture resistance and high in sensitivity, by treating the surface of a photoconductor contained in the upper part of a photoconductive layer composed of photoconductor and binder with a silane coupling agent. CONSTITUTION:A silane coupling agent has a general formula: YRSiX3 in which X is a hydrolyzable group combining with a silicon atom, and Y has an org. functional group and is hydrolyzed by water to give a silanol group tending to combine chemically with an inorganic material. Said agent is used by 1-5pts.wt. per 100pts.wt. of photoconductor. As the photoconductor whose surface is treated, e.g., Cu2S, CuI, ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, Cds, Se-Te, CdSe, CdTe, PbS, Sb2S3, In2Te3, GeS, GeSe, TeI2S, or the like crystalline particles are used. Thickness of the part to be added to is, preferably, 10-50mum when the total thickness of the photoconductive layer is 100mum.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor.

The electrophotographic photoreceptor adopts a structure of III increase in order to obtain predetermined characteristics or depending on the type of electrophotographic process to which it is applied. As typical examples of Oniko photographic photoreceptors, photoreceptors having a photoconductive layer formed on a support and friendly photoreceptors having an insulating layer on the surface are widely used. The photoreceptor, which is composed of a support and a leading conductive layer, is coated with wax according to the general Mako-Yoma process, that is, #electrode, image exposure, and image formation by transfer as necessary. . Also, for photoreceptors with an insulating layer, this insulation condition is due to the protection of the photoconductive layer, 11. It is provided for the purpose of improving the mechanical strength of the photoreceptor, improving the dark decay characteristics, or being applied to a specific electrophotographic process (for rainbow purposes, it is pollution-free). A representative example of an electrophotographic process using a photoreceptor having such insulation or a photoreceptor having insulation is 1, for example, U.S. Pat.
429 Publication, Special Publication No. 38-15446, % Publication No. 46-3713 Bulletin, Special Publication No. 42-23910-j;
Publication, Special Publication No. 43-24748, Time-Bun Shoken-19
It is described in Publication No. 747, 1% Publication No. 36-4121, etc.

As a matter of course, the electrophotographic photoreceptor ij is required to have nine predetermined sensitive electrical properties and optical properties depending on the electrophotographic process to which it is applied. However, not only that, but also the moisture resistance of the photoreceptor is an important property. Even if a photoreceptor has excellent image quality at low humidity, it is difficult to produce stable and clear images with a photoreceptor whose surface potential drops significantly under high humidity.60 Also,
In the 51 child photo process, the transfer is done.

Normally, the photoconductor is used repeatedly, so its moisture resistance often decreases due to charging deterioration of the photoconductor.To prevent such a decrease in moisture resistance, heat the photoconductor with a heater and dehumidify it. By doing this, a certain fundamental vengeance is achieved, but -
Even one of these is not enough to obtain clear images at all times, and the heater must be operated all the time, which increases costs. In the case of a photoconductive layer consisting of a photoconductive material and a binder, the surface potential decrease is determined by the choice of inversion of the binder1.
F! 4IIIL is improved, but furthermore due to the phenomenon of local breakdown of the photoconductive layer - fine white specks appear on the keys. In fact, this is thought to be because it is difficult to sufficiently cover the surface of the photoconductive material and prevent attack by water molecules. The main objective is to provide a sensitive electrophotographic photoreceptor.

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photoconductive layer consisting of a photoconductive material and a binder, in which the photoconductive material contained in the upper layer of the original 24-electrode layer is surface-treated with a silane coupling agent. % mold.

That is, in the present invention, improvement in moisture resistance is achieved by surface-treating the photoconductive material using a silane coupling agent. After being coated with the agent, the barrier between the particles of the photoconductive material is further broken down, the migration of the optical carriers is limited to a small amount, and the untreated optical 4# wax material is present in the lower layer. As a result, it is possible to provide a photoreceptor that can provide a clear image that is stable under Sb temperature and humidity conditions, and has sufficient vibration sensitivity.

In addition, the surface-treated photoconductive material has improved dispersibility in the M layer agent, and the smoothness of the surface coated with the layer has been improved.
In a photoreceptor in which the S edge layer is coated on the upper part of the photoreceptor 4#1, the coatability thereof is good.

ing.

Ya8iX.

xFi is a hydrolyzable group bonded to a silicon atom, and commercially includes a chloro group, an alkoxy group, an acetoxy group, etc.

Yri has modest functional groups such as vinyl group, methacrylic group, epoxy group, glycidoxy group, amino group, mercapto group, methyl group, and especially r-glycidoxyglobin group,
Vinyl group, β-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) group, methyl group, and r-methacryloyasiglovir group are preferable, and the 6- and 7-run coupling agents are hydrolyzed by moisture to generate a silanol fund.◎This silanol 0YR8iX, +3H,0 where the group provides a chemical bond to the inorganic phase
→YfL8i (OH), + 3 HX The photoconductive material surface-treated with a silane coupling agent in this manner is improved as follows.

l) Affinity with the binder resin is improved.

2) Produces a barrier effect against water and increases moisture resistance.

Therefore, several of these structures act simultaneously to improve the dispersion of the photoconductive material in the binder, and also to provide a barrier against water, which has a synergistic effect on the environmental stability of the binder. Due to the effect, the humidity f% property of electrophotographic/photosensitive materials is the same as above. The silane coupling agent used for surface treatment is applied in a range of 1 to 51 Ffi parts per 100 am of photoconductive material, and usually 5 % or more.

Examples of the photoconductive material to be subjected to the surface treatment include crystalline particles such as eg, and ordinary taniyuzuzetsuanyahi resin is used as the resin used for forming the photoconductive layer. For example, polyethylene
Polyester, polypropylene.

polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate,
Acrylic 11m, polycarbonate, silicone, fluorine wire, epoxy resin, etc.

Among them, if you select a 1M resin that has good dispersibility and moisture resistance in spring and summer even when the photoconductive JK material is not surface-treated,
Acrylic resin, vinyl chloride vinyl acetate copolymer, silicon II Maro 9
◇The thickness of the photoconductive layer is generally 5 to 100 μm, although it depends on the type and flexibility of the photoconductive material used.
Fi 20-60 is suitable for facing.

The thickness of the insulating layer ri is set as appropriate.Generally, when an insulating layer is added for the main purpose of protecting the photoconductor, improving its durability, l#tIk, and attenuation characteristics, rI'1I
The P3 edge layer is set relatively thick, and when the photoreceptor is used in a specific electrophotographic process, the insulating layer provided on the fC is set relatively thick.
In particular, it is set to lO~50μ.
For example, acrylic flank, acrylic modified *embroidery, urethane flank, polyester resin, epoxy 1w layer, melamine flank.

Examples include silicone embroidery and fluorine 11 embroidery.

These resins may be used alone, or the same or different resins may be stacked in several layers.

In addition, the toughness of the surface-treated Hikaridenden material is Hikari 4'IILII#.
t? of the photoreceptor in the upper layer, i.e., the photoconductive layer. , the thickness of the part close to the surface is poor, but the thickness of the rich part, that is, the thickness of the upper layer, is equal to the total thickness of the photoconductive layer - g tioo
When μ, a ratio of lO to 50μ is suitable.Example 1 Vinyltrimethoxysilane (trade name A171゜E11 Hon Unicar Co.) it[l) 6 M tpH5,2Kl
500 made by II. It was added to pure water of M and stirred for 15 minutes to perform hydrolysis. Next, separate OdS treated with Cd8301 t-surface treatment and filtrate. Dry OdS treated with O surface treatment for 2 hours at 120°0. Q Use acrylic polyol**<m as a binder. -80
1-IM, manufactured by Dainippon Ink Chemical)' with a solid content of 45 &
After adding and stirring well, the Cd8 powder was passed through a roll mill device with a 50μ roll gap three times to disperse the Cd8 powder well.

CdS powder without surface treatment 100 it (m1i
fitl, hereinafter the same), acrylic polyol #M
Add 15 parts of Rindakata, disperse in the same way, and paint.
Put each paint into a separate tank and apply it to a cylinder with a non-surface treated Od8 t-dispersed paint 140 (x) using an air spray applicator. After drying to the touch, Direct treatment CdS paint'ft applied
As a result, a total photoconductive layer of 45 μm was formed, including a layer containing untreated OdS'4ta of 30 μm and a layer containing treated Od8 of 15 μm, and dried at 100° for 030 minutes. Cyclized butadiene rubber CM product name, which is diluted with cyclohexane bath agent;
CMi(-M.

The mixture was propagated with a viscous solution (manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) and dried at 80°C for 20 minutes to form a sealing layer of 8 μm.

Next, photocurable urethane 1i with an average molecular weight of about 1s00
jli (fli + product name; Sonne, Kannai Paint) Kaiju J
It was immersed in a solution diluted with methyl ethyl ketone #1 to give f70 cps, pulled up at a speed of 40 (317 min), dried at 80°C for 4 minutes, irradiated with a 4kW water complex lamp for 1 minute, and cured to 11 μm. Repeat the process of forming the insulating layer twice to form a 30 μm layer including the sealing layer.
Formed the IP3 marginal layer of Han. This is a photoreceptor! O Comparative Example 1゜Od8 A photoreceptor made in the same manner as Example 1 except that only paint was used without surface treatment of the powder with a silane coupling agent was used as Photoreceptor M〇Comparative Example 2゜Od8 A photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4/@1 except that only a paint whose surface was treated with a silane coupling agent was used as a photoreceptor.

The surface potential of the photoreceptor produced in this way is measured through the image forming process of pre-exposure - secondary charging, *image exposure - simultaneous AO static elimination, and full-surface exposure, and the image formation, transfer and fixing are performed, and copies are made. Image quality was evaluated.

First, a durability test was conducted under high temperature and high humidity conditions of 35° and 0.85%, and the results of llliill and potential evaluation are shown in the table below.

Table 1: Durability under high temperature and high humidity conditions (after 10,000 copies) As is clear from Table 1 and fgZ table, surface treatment of t3dS contributes to the elimination of image noise (white slope point) under china clay and high humidity, but brightness contrast cannot be maintained and there is fog. It becomes the key. Surface treatment OdS@f The upper layer maintains moisture resistance while producing clear images with contrast.

Example 2 A photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using the following silane coupling agent.

Table 3 Photoreceptor ff-1 also had good image and potential contrast under high humidity.Example 3 Surface treated Od8 t-poor layer f: 10μ Untreated 0dS=i layer Photoconductor 1 is a photoconductor prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the photoconductive layer was formed so that the photoconductor layer had a thickness of t-30μ. Photoconductor I also had a clear contrast with high humidity. Na 11! II'vII was obtained and a friend.

Source: Canon Co., Ltd.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In the Oniko photoreceptor having a photoconductive layer consisting of a photoconductive material and a binder, the photoconductive material contained in the upper layer of the photoconductive layer is surface-treated with a silane coupling agent. Characteristic electrophotographic photoreceptor■