JPS58118924A - Heat flow radiation meter panel - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a titled panel having excellent responsiveness by laminating and joining a surface temp. measuring layer for detecting surface temp. and a heat flow meter layer on a surface color treated layer which is segmented to plural colors differing in light absorptivity. CONSTITUTION:A surface color treated layer P consisting of plural zones segmented to plural colors 1, 2, 3 differing mutually in light absorptivity and a surface temp. measuring layes S having temp. measuring resistors for detecting the surface temp. of each zone and metal plating for equalizing the heat in these zones are joined. A heat flow meter layer F consisting of thermocouples for detecting the heat flow rate in the respective zones is further laminated and joined under the layer S. If necessary, a heating layer H is provided.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] This invention has integrated the function of simultaneously measuring the amount of radiation heat, heat flux, and convective heat transfer coefficient on the entire surface of a relatively large diagonal surface into a single thin piece of gunnel! ! The present invention relates to a heat flow radiation measurement device (hereinafter referred to as a heat flow radiometer panel), and also to a heat flow radiation mushroom or a flannel, which has a function of controlling the surface temperature f8'' of the tunnel itself in addition to the above-mentioned measurement function.

Although sunlight is blocked by blind loopers, the shadow takes on a complex shape depending on the sun's position.

Therefore, when measuring the amount of heat received from solar radiation on indoor walls and floors, it is important to measure the amount of heat received from solar radiation over a large surface, which also includes the effects of shadows and the angle of incidence of solar radiation, rather than the amount of heat received locally. It is necessary. Also, the leaves of trees! When trying to measure the solar radiation shielding effect of trees on the ground or walls, the condition of the shadow changes depending on the nature and growth conditions of the tree. It is necessary to measure the surface area.

Generally, when solar radiation hits a certain surface, the following thermal equilibrium equation holds true for the entire area.

Q=-IJ+1(R-σAT) 1αaA(θ0-θ)
...4 (1) where a: shortwave absorption rate l: longwave absorption rate T: surface absolute temperature [0K] θ: surface temperature [℃] σ6: air temperature [℃] J: amount of shortwave radiation incident on the surface Total amount (kea7/h)
R: Total amount of long wave radiation incident on the surface j4Ckca7/h
) Q: Total amount of surface heat flow [keat/b) A: Surface area [-] αe: Surface convective heat transfer coefficient [kcLt/m'h C)t
y:x7a7,...Trua's constant, 4.88 X l.

−8[k c *L/rr? h'to'] i.e.
The amount of solar radiation aJ is absorbed by the surface h, and the long wave radiation R from the outside world is
is accommodated on the surface by l−R, and one surface has its own surface temperature T
The sensor σAT' is radiated accordingly. Furthermore, due to convective heat transfer due to the difference between the air mllθ・ in contact with the surface and the surface temperature σ, the amount of heat αeA (00-〇) flows into the surface. becomes.

The amount of measurement that is normally required with solar panels is not the amount of solar radiation incident on walls and floors, but rather the effects of solar radiation, such as indoor temperature, wall surface temperature, and the amount of heat emitted by indoor air. In other words, the problem is the inside of the heat balance on the surface of the wall that is exposed to solar radiation.For equation (1) above, assuming that a, ε, A, T, and θ are known, then J.

R1α. It is essential to measure both Q and Q. Furthermore, in the case of devices that measure these things, it is often desirable to be able to control the air temperature and surface temperature within the device for measurement.

Conventionally, instruments that measure the shortwave radiation amount Jt or the longwave radiation amount R independently are called pyranometers or radiometers, and are already commercially available. Also, instruments that separate short and long waves and measure them simultaneously have already been proposed, although they have not been put into practical use. However, all of these methods involve point measurement, which measures the amount of shortwave or longwave radiation incident on a microscopic surface. It is not only impossible to cover a large area by using a large number of such "point gluing" instruments, but it is also unrealistic in terms of cost and measurement.

Surface convective heat transfer coefficient α. A back-piece meter for measuring , which is not commercially available, has already been proposed.

However, regarding Fi and point measurement J, this is also not suitable for surface measurement J.

The measurement of the surface heat flow Q over the entire surface can be carried out, for example, by
Although it is possible to design a heat flow meter based on the thermoelectric stack disclosed in No. 49464, such a heat flow meter requires simultaneous measurement of J, R, and Rc in addition to Q, and K is the same as Q. Can we expect a strong N?

Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to be able to measure the amount of radiant heat incident on the entire surface of a relatively large surface by separating it into a short-tBi component J and a long-wave component R, and to measure the convective heat transfer coefficient α of the surface collapse 1. .

can be measured, the surface heat flow Q over the entire surface can be measured, and in some cases the surface fIIA flow.

Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a measuring device in which the function of controlling the Fi surface mixture T and θ is integrated into a single thin 9-wall plate.

The heat flow radiometer 79 channel of the present invention which achieves the above object includes: (1) a surface color treatment layer (P) consisting of a plurality of bands divided into a plurality of colors having mutually different light absorption rates; (2
) a surface temperature measuring layer (S) having a 6111 temperature resistor for detecting the surface temperature of each of the front zones and a metal plating layer for equalizing the temperature of the zones; The heat flow meter layer η consisting of a thermoelectric stack for detecting heat flow and, if necessary, (4) the heater layer (b) are laminated and bonded in this order.

According to the heat flow radiometer i4 channel of this invention, J, R, α in equation (1). and Q can be measured simultaneously. For this measurement purpose, the panel must include (1) a surface color treatment layer (P);
, (2) surface temperature measurement layer (8 layers), and (3) heat flow meter layer (
F layer). The heater layer (H layer) is a layer that performs the function of controlling Q and, in turn, controlling the surface temperature T and θ.If this control is not the purpose, H layer
There is no need to provide layers.

First, J, FL, and α in equation (1) are determined by the motherboard of this invention, which is composed of a P layer, 8 layers, and an F layer. The principle of simultaneous measurement of and Q will be explained.

For multiple colors, especially three types of colors 1.2.3, the shortwave absorption rate of the color L band is 11.3. The long wave absorption coefficient is 'It' The average surface temperature is T (・K)
, a (t:), the total surface heat flow is Ql, the total surface area is AI, and the similar nodal meter of the band covered by color 2 is ag+'! +T goose, θ goose.

QS + Am and the same color 3 band 9
Lameter &@r '* + 'rs l
When 'l + QS + As, the following thermal equilibrium equations (2) are established.

・・・・・・・・・(2) In formula (2), J, R, α. , θO and σ have the meanings defined in equation (1).

According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, TI in formula (2).

TI and 1m (and therefore θ1.θ1.θ, too) are 8
and Ql, Ql and Qs are measured by the F layer. On the other hand, 〇〇 is easily measured separately. In addition, al t & snow + al :'1 +'l +'l is a value specific to the color of the three selected ridges, and gAl + AM and AS, which can be determined by a separate test, are unique to a given nohel. is the value of And σ is a known constant. Therefore, by substituting these values into equation (2) K, equation (2) Fi, three unknowns J, R and α are obtained. Since it is a ternary-dimensional equation for J, R and α by finding its solution. can be determined. On the other hand, the surface heat flow Q that passes through the entire surface can be determined from the following equation (3).

Q=Q+ +Qs +Qs Next, with reference to the attached drawings, preferred embodiments according to the present invention
Explain Danell's composition and concrete explanation.

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the basic structure of the panel of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a plan view showing the color-divided pattern of the surface color treatment layer (P layer) (in the figure, the right side Figure 3 a is a plan view showing the front side of the Fi surface temperature measurement layer (8 layers), and Figure 3 b is a plan view showing the top #j of the Vi surface temperature measurement layer. (a) Dry the front side of the heat flow meter layer (F layer) and dry it (Fig. 4 (b)
#'i is a plan view showing the back side of the heat flow meter layer; FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the front side of the heater layer; FIG. 6 is a plan view showing the front side of the heater layer; FIG. b, Fig. 4”&tb and Fig. 5
7 is a schematic diagram for illustrating a cross section along the line ■-■ in the figure; and FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for illustrating a cross section along line ■-■.

As shown in FIG.
F layer) and, depending on the case, a heater layer (H layer) are closely bonded together in this order. Between each layer and on the bottom surface, as seen in FIGS. 6 and 7,
An adhesive insulating layer 41 is provided. However, pHIl#-
i. It is convenient to form by creating 8 layers and then treating the surface of the 8 layers (painting, plating, and/or pasting a film prepared in advance), depending on the mode of surface treatment. , there may be no adhesive insulating layer between the P layer and the 8 layer.

The P layer is composed of a plurality of colors having mutually different light absorption rates, especially three colors having mutually different shortwave absorption rates and longwave absorption rates.2.3 From a plurality of color-coded bands. Become. It is advantageous for the production of nonel to arrange these bands in a striped pattern as shown in FIG.

In this specification, short waves refer to radiation having a wavelength of less than 2.5 microns, and long waves refer to radiation having a wavelength of 2.5 microns or more. Note that most of the solar radiation energy is shortwave components, and most of the amount of radiant heat emitted from the surface of objects on the ground depending on their surface temperature is longwave components.

Theoretically, the three colors to be selected should have different shortwave absorption rates and longwave absorption rates; however,
From the perspective of increasing measurement resolution, the first color has a shortwave absorption rate of about 1 and the longwave absorption rate is about 0, and the second color (none) has a shortwave absorption rate and a longwave absorption rate of about 1. , and a third color (white) having a shortwave absorption of about 0 and a longwave absorption of about 1. The form of the striped pattern arrangement of these three colors is arbitrary, but when the mother panel is exposed to sunlight, the first color band 1 becomes the highest temperature, and the third color band (white) Since zone 3 has the lowest temperature, it is preferable that zones 1 and 3, which have a large temperature difference, not be placed adjacent to each other. As shown in Figure 2, in order to minimize in-plane heat waves that are not included in the principle equation of Equation 2 and reduce measurement errors, wax is placed between Zone 1 and Zone 3 as shown in Figure 2. Band 2. It is heavy and light to arrange.

The elements of each zone of the P layer, the eight layers for detecting the surface temperature and heat flow, and the * element of the F layer are as shown in FIG. 1 <1-Il! There are 1 hits.

The 8th layer is a leopard fIJ1 antibody that detects the surface temperature of each zone on both sides of a thin (for example, about 0.1 W) non-conductive group &lO, as shown in Figure 3 1 and b. Fine metal wire (e.g. plated copper strip) 12.13.14
and a metal plating layer 15.16 for equalizing the temperature of the shell zone.
．． 17 (for example, copper layers). As the substrate 10, for example, a fibrous sheet is impregnated with a non-conductive thermosetting resin! In some cases, Resoreg is laminated and cured, such as glass fiber reinforced 4x resin board, same laminated board, glass fiber reinforced, jp
Polyester resin boards, polyester resin laminates, paper-phenol resin laminates, and similar materials are preferably used. It is convenient to form the #I temperature resistor as well as the heat equalizing layer by plating or printing and photo-etching techniques. The resistance temperature detectors for detecting the surface m& of the bands of the same color have all the bands of the same color connected in series by coupling @18, and both ends thereof are terminals. There is. By measuring the electrical resistance between the terminals, it is possible to measure the average surface temperature of the bands of the current color distributed across the panel surface.

For example, the average surface temperature T of zone 1 from terminal 11.11
1+θl, the average surface temperature TI+θ3 of zone 2 from terminal 22.22, and the average surface temperature T3+θ3 of zone 3 from terminal 33.33.

From the viewpoint of increasing the measurement accuracy of surface temperature, it is preferable to provide all the side temperature resistors on the front side of the 8 layers (that is, on the side closer to the P layer). By arranging the resistance temperature detector 12 and the resistance temperature detector 13 for band 3 on the front side of the 8 layers, and the side temperature resistance element 14 for zone 2 on the back side of the 8 layers, bands (plurality) for each color can be created. In addition to reducing the area occupied by the bonding wires for connecting the resistance temperature detectors (which becomes a dead zone in measurement), the manufacturing process is also simplified. Resistance temperature detector 1 for bands 1.2 and 3
On the surface opposite to the surface of the substrate 10 plated with 2.14 and 13, there is a metal plating layer 15.16 for equalizing heat in zones 1, 2 and 3 and reducing the ff1 degree distribution, respectively.
and 17 are provided.

The F layer consists of a thermocouple (single) for detecting the heat flow in each zone (single), and is connected to a thermocouple (single) for detecting the heat flow in the same color zone (s). It is possible to measure the total heat flow Qs, Qs, Qs of the corresponding color band(s) from the terminals at both ends.

A thermoelectric stack that can be used for the F layer of the I4 panel of the present invention and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 149464/1983. This thermopile is made up of a large number of metal segments 23 and 24 of one metal and the other metal that constitute the thermocouple 21 and are supported on the substrate 20 and connected alternately (
Figure 4 a + b LF shown in Figures 6 and 7
As can be seen from the schematic cross-sectional view of the layers, one metal segment 23 has a plated portion 2 on one side of the substrate 20.
3′ and a plated portion 23″ on the other side of the board.
And one of the through holes formed in the substrate that communicates these parts 23' and 23'! Part 2 formed by K19
3″′ and the other metal segment 24
Also, there is a plated portion 24' on one side of the substrate 20.
and a plated portion 24' on the other side of the board,
A plated portion 24'' is formed along the inner wall of a through hole formed in the substrate that communicates these portions 24' and 24''. In the illustrated embodiment, the segment 24 shown at the leftmost end of the bottom three rows of FIG. 4a is connected to the segment 23 immediately to its right. The externally visible junction of both these segments @25F'i appears on the back side of the substrate (FIG. 4b). This segment 23 is connected to the segment 24 immediately to its right, but in this case, the joint 1525 visible from the outside of both segments is located at the front surface of the board.
(Figure 4a) - Appears. This concatenation is repeated until the rightmost segment 23 of three rows is reached. This segment 23 is connected to the segment 24 directly below it. The segment concatenation then proceeds to the left in the second row from the bottom, reaching the leftmost segment 23 of the same line.

The thermocouples shown in the second and third rows from the bottom of Figure 4 a and b are used to detect the heat flow in one zone 3, and the heat flow in zone 3 of the same color closest to that zone. It is connected to a similar thermopile (6th and 7th rows from the top of FIG. 4a, b) by a coupling@26 for sensing. In this way, the thermoelectric stacks are connected in series with terminals at both ends to detect heat flow in color band 3. By measuring the voltage across these terminals, the total heat flow Qm'tll through all zones 3 can be determined. The same applies to bands 1 and 2. However, for zone 1, in order to detect the heat flow in each zone, the bonding wire 27 of the thermopile is placed on the right edge of the front side of the board.
For zone 2, such a bond line 28 is only provided on the back side of the substrate.

The material of the substrate 20 can be the same material as described above for the eight-layer substrate 10.

There are two metal combinations that make up the thermocouple unit:
Kel and steel are the most preferred, but other combinations include, for example, silver and di, Kel, copper and constantan, iron and constantan, iron and iron, and Kel.

The F layer can be manufactured using plating and photoetching techniques according to the method described in Japanese Patent Application No. 54-149464.

The H layer is formed by disposing an electric heater @31 on a non-conductive substrate 30.

The heating wire 31 is conveniently formed by plating and etching techniques. In the example shown in FIG. 5, heating wires 31 are provided uniformly over the entire board surface to form one circuit. By connecting a constant voltage or constant current device to the terminals 32 at both ends, uniform heat can be supplied to the entire surface. If desired, the heating wire circuit can be made independent for each zone of the same color, and the surface temperature can be controlled for each zone of different colors.

According to the panel of the present invention, it is possible to synchronize #J of J, R, Φ and Q over a relatively large area, and in some cases further control of Q. For measurement, it is only necessary to attach the 41 panel to the surface to be measured and connect the lead wires to each measuring device to the predetermined terminals of this mother panel, making handling extremely easy. In addition, the /'P flannel of the present invention has an extremely thin overall thickness of, for example, about 15 mm or less, and since the /'P flannel itself has a small thermal resistance and heat capacity, it hardly disturbs the measured object. It also has excellent transient response.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a simplified diagram showing the basic configuration of the 9-channel of this invention; Figure 2 #il! The color classification of the surface color treatment layer (P layer) is a plan view showing the division pattern: Figure 3a shows the front side of the surface temperature measurement layer (8 layers);
Figure 1pJ3 is a plan view showing the back side of the surface temperature measurement layer;
FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the front side of the heater layer; FIG. 6 is a plan view showing the back side of the Fi heat flow meter layer; FIG. FIG. 1g7 is a schematic diagram for explaining a cross section taken along the line ■--■ in FIG. 2, FIG. 3, b, and FIG. 4. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining a cross section taken along line 1--2 in FIG. In the figure, P is the surface treatment layer, SU surface temperature measurement layer, Fake heat flow meter layer, H is the heater layer, lt'i first color, 2 is the second color, 3Vi third color, 10.20 and 30 are non-conductive substrates, 12.13 and 14 are side temperature resistors, 15.16
and 17H soaked gold maple plating layer, 18Fi bonding wire, 21
is a thermocouple unit, 23 is one metal that makes up the thermocouple, 24 is the other metal that makes up the thermocouple, 25 is 23 and 2
26, 27 and 28 are bonding lines, 29 is a through hole, 31 Fi heating wires, terminals 11, 22, 32 and 33, and 41 is an adhesive insulating layer. Patent applicant Director of the Building Research Institute of the Ministry of Construction Patent attorney Akira Ikuki Patent attorney Kazuyuki Nishidate 1) Yukio Patent attorney Akira Yamaguchi Fa3 (C1) (b) Figure 4 (C1) (b) )

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1 (1) Color-coding into a plurality of colors with mutually different light absorption rates (divided into a plurality of colors);
), (2)@1 A resistance temperature detector for detecting the surface temperature of each zone and a metal member for equalizing the temperature of the d zone. a surface y4# measurement layer (,S) with a
A thermal wave radiometer/Dannel characterized in that the heat flow meter (F) consisting of a thermoelectric stack for detecting the heat flow of each of the above-mentioned Teikou is laminated and bonded in that order. 2. The surface color treatment layer (P) is divided into three types of colors, each of which has a shortwave absorption rate or a longwave absorption rate, and consists of nine initial bands. Heat flow radiometer/9 channels. A plurality of bands divided into 33 different colors are arranged in a striped pattern.Claim 1 or 2, the heat flow radiation set.! Nell. 4 The surface color treatment layer (P) has a color band with a shortwave absorption rate of about 1 and a longwave absorption rate of about O, and a black band @2 where both the shortwave absorption rate and longwave absorption rate are about 1. and a white band 3 where the shortwave absorption rate is about 0 and the longwave absorption rate is about 1. A heat flow radiometer 74 channel according to claim 3, which is divided into: 5. The heat flow radiometer/I channel according to item 4, wherein zone 2 is arranged between zone tiR1 and zone 3. 6. In the surface thermometer 1 constant layer (S), a resistance temperature detector for detecting the surface temperature of each zone and a metal plating layer for equalizing the temperature of the zone sandwich a non-conductive substrate. The resistance temperature detectors are placed on both sides and are connected in series to detect the surface temperature of each band of the same color, and the average surface temperature (T
1, Tm, and Ts) according to any one of claims 2 to 5. 7. The heat flow meter # (F) consists of a plurality of thermoelectric piles, and each thermoelectric pile is made up of a large number of 1# metal segments that make up the thermocouple and segments of the other metal, alternately. The segments are plated along the inner wall of a through hole formed in the substrate that communicates the plated portion on one side of the non-conductive substrate and the @ plated portion on the other side. The thermoelectric stacks are connected in series to detect the heat flow in the same color zone and the open section, so that the total heat flow (Ql, Qt, Qs) in those zones can be measured from the quartets at both ends. The thermal wave radiation zone according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is a trap. 8. (1) A surface treatment layer (P) consisting of a count band divided into a plurality of colors with mutually different light absorption rates;
(2) Temperature measurement 1f for detecting the surface temperature of each zone
l-Metal metal for soaking the antibody and the zone. (3) a thermometer layer (F) consisting of a thermoelectric stack for detecting the heat in each zone; (4) a heater/I (H); The heat flow radiometer/mother flannel is characterized by the fact that they are joined in this order. 9. The surface color treatment layer CP) consists of four color bands divided into three colors in which either the shortwave absorption rate or the harmonic absorption rate is mutually responsible.Claim 8. # listed
! - Current radiometer Dunnell. A heat flow radiometer panel according to claim 8 or 9, in which a plurality of (MVs are arranged in a striped pattern) divided into 10.3 am colors. 11. Surface color treatment layer (P) has a color band l whose shortwave absorption coefficient is about 1 and a longwave absorption coefficient of about 0, a black band 2 where both shortwave absorption coefficient and longwave absorption coefficient are about 1, and a shortwave absorption coefficient of about 0. 12. The heat flow radiometer panel according to item 10, which is divided into a white band 3 having a long wave absorption coefficient of about 1 and a white band 3 having a long wavelength absorption coefficient of about 1. The heat 11/measuring channel according to claim 11. 13. In the surface temperature measurement layer (S), the surface m of each zone
A resistive element for detecting the temperature and a gold plating layer for equalizing the temperature of the band are placed on both sides of the non-411 substrate, and the same color band. fAll thermal antibody Vi for detecting surface temperature respectively
Claims 9 to 1 are connected in series and configured so that the average surface temperature (Tl r Tm and Tm ) of those zones can be measured from terminals at both ends.
Heat flow radiation needle panel of 1 degree in any of up to 2 terms. 14 The heat flow meter layer (F) consists of multiple thermoelectric piles, each #
A thermocouple consists of a large number of alternating metal segments connected to each other, each consisting of a plated portion on one side of a non-conductive substrate and a plated portion on the other side of the non-conductive substrate. 9, and a thermoelectric device for detecting heat flow in the same color band, consisting of the 1IllK plated portion of the surface and the plated portion along the inner wall of the through hole formed in the substrate that communicates these image portions. The total heat flow (Q+ −Qx
. A heat flow-exposed one-meter armpit according to any one of claims 8 JJI to 13, which is capable of measuring Qs). 15. The heat flow radiator according to any one of Claims 8 to 14, wherein the heater single layer (H) is a non-contact substrate with heating wires arranged on it. 16. The heat flow radiometer/mother flannel according to claim 15, wherein the hot wire is formed into one circuit in the flannel ◎ 16, so that heat can be uniformly supplied to the entire surface. 17. The heat wave radiation 11+" channel according to claim 15, in which the circuit of the heating wire is made independent for each band of the same color, so that the surface temperature can be controlled for each band of different colors.