JPS5811593A - Fuel preparation and device - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for improving or increasing the practically usable combustion value of organic or inorganic materials or mixtures of materials by treating them.

4! (1) By following the method of the present invention, the effective combustion value or calorific value of fuel mixtures, particularly fuel mixtures containing both solid and liquid components, is increased.

In energetics, it is known to utilize fuels composed of solid components (e.g. coal, anthracite, lignite, combustible shale, often mixtures thereof) and liquid components (e.g. heavy fuel oil and water). There is. The composition of the fuel mixture actually used can vary widely. The amount of water in the fuel mixture is usually between 5 and 20% based on the total amount of the mixture. The content of solid components such as coal and of heavy fuel oil will normally not be less than 100% relative to the total amount of the mixture, and the weight can be increased accordingly by reducing the amount of solid components such as coal in the mixture. It can increase the amount of quality fuel oil.

Fuel mixtures have a wide range of uses and can be used to replace only liquid components such as heavy fuel oil. This is because the mixture is cheaper than the liquid component alone.

The main drawback of fuel mixtures containing homogeneous and liquid components is their low combustion value.

The ninth conventional method for improving or increasing the combustion value of the above fuel mixture is to use the solid component (e.g., coal) that is believed to have the highest combustion value and at the same time reduce the amount of heavy fuel oil to other components. It is based on the fact that it increases by 7. Combustion value Q of fuel mixture (unit: tfkJ/9
) are the combustion values of the solid and liquid components (heavy fuel oil) (Qsolid, Ql[), respectively, and the content of these components (
Calculated from A and B) using the formula % by weight (however, excluding water).

A conventional method for preparing a fuel mixture containing a solid component and a liquid component is, for example, to mix a pulverized solid component with a liquid component in a mixing device, such as a turbine mixer.

The disadvantage of this conventional method is that the fuel components are not sufficiently mixed, and as a result, without constant stirring, the fuel mixture separates into layers relatively quickly (usually within a few hours). . Having to constantly stir the mixture makes the process cumbersome. To compensate for this drawback, various stabilizers (mainly chemicals) have been added. Typically, the amount of stabilizer is 2.5% of the total fuel mixture.
It is 31. This stabilizer significantly improves the stability of the fuel mixture (which usually occurs only after a few days). However, the addition of this stabilizer does not make the fuel mixture expensive, and the problem of obtaining a stable mixture is not adequately solved.

If the components are mixed in a mixer according to the rounded conventional method of preparing the above fuel mixture, the actual combustion value of the mixture corresponds to the combustion value calculated according to the formula given above. Moreover, water, which is a component of the fuel mixture, practically plays no role in the combustion process, a disadvantage of conventional methods of preparing fuel mixtures and improving combustion value.

It is an object of the invention to provide a method for increasing the effective combustion value of fuels or fuel mixtures containing solid and liquid components.

This invention is effective against inertial forces such as high gravitational accelerations (e.g. 10
8g) on the fuel, so that during the reaction between the fuels acted upon by a large inertial force, additional energy is generated with respect to the energy in the fuel that remains untreated in the above method. It is based on the knowledge that the structure of

In order to achieve the above object, the method of the invention bombards the components of the fuel mixture.

Preferably, an acceleration of gravity of at least 108 times is applied to the mixture part, whereby 40 kJ of energy is added to the fuel mixture per hour in less than 10 seconds.

Such treatment can be accomplished, for example, by treating the fuel or fuel mixture with a series of explosive shocks, continuous electrical discharges, or mechanical shocks in a stream-type rotor-type device.

Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus which is particularly capable of preparing fuel mixtures according to the method of the invention.

Hereinafter, this invention will be explained in detail according to examples.

Coal: 417 cm, heavy fuel oil: 41.71 cm, and water: 1,661 cm
6 ml of the fuel mixture was treated by a series of mechanical shocks to deliver an energy content of 9 or more to 108 kJ/10
It has been experimentally determined that transferring the fuel mixture in seconds increases the effective combustion value of the fuel mixture to approximately 5443 kJA (ie, approximately a 50-fold increase in the amount of energy used for processing).

The extent to which the combustion value of a fuel mixture thus treated increases Fi is also influenced by the mixture components and the physicochemical properties of the components. Therefore, a suitable treatment method must be selected experimentally using a given fuel.

During the combustion of the fuel mixture treated according to the above method, water also takes part as an active component. The combustion of this fuel mixture is more complete than a similar fuel mixture that has not been treated. This treated mixture has very high stability.

To implement the above method, West German Patent Publication No. 29260
Disinching graters generally in accordance with No. 42 are suitable (the equipment described is useful in the preparation of coal for vaporization or hydrogenation purposes).

The ninth such disc inching grater for dispersing substances comprises two discs arranged at a distance from each other and rotating in opposite directions. The members are arranged, and the striking member rows are alternately inserted and fixed. The central part of the disk is equipped with material inlets, which are housed in a nozzle with a funnel-shaped outlet. The disk has a radius of about 50 mm or more.

As is well known, coal (anthracite, lignite, shale)
A good preparation (activation) of the coal is achieved by the construction of the apparatus, for example of the already mentioned DE 2926042, so that the subsequent vaporization and hydrogenation The process progresses better.

Disinching graters for mechanical activation of coal provide better preparation of coal for use in fuel mixtures containing solid and liquid components, with substantially improved stability for long-term storage. Experience has shown that in the construction of a 247-inch grater for coal activation, the coal fraction is at least 3.
Select a method of operation that is subjected to several rapid shocks (with an impact velocity of at least SO???/s in the first rotor circle and an impact velocity of at least 150 m/s in the last rotor circle). It has been found that it is preferable to

In the case of coal, mechanical activation of the coal is optimally performed.

On the other hand, based on experience, rational operating methods of mechanical activation of coal (anthracite, lignite, shale) can be characterized by the amount of energy required for operation. This corresponds to a consumption of 10-20 kWh/l of electrical energy.

Depending on experience, liquid fuel (diesel fuel, heavy fuel oil)
and for activating water in the disinching grater, an impact velocity of 150 m/s or higher (e.g.
250 m/s). Furthermore, for example, for the liquids mentioned above, it is advisable to treat them with about twice as many impacts as for coal and many other solids. After a while,
In a device for mechanically activating a liquid, it is desirable to have at least six circular action members (percussion members). If we characterize the preferred method of operation of a disinching grater for the activation of liquid fuels in terms of the energy consumed in the activation process, then at least 20
To produce an activated fuel mixture containing a solid component and a liquid component using a conventional disintegrator with a rotor construction that transfers kWh/l to liquid fuel or water during operation, certain Activating the coal in a disinching grater, activating the liquid components of the fuel, such as heavy fuel oil and water, in another particular disintegrator, and then mixing the fuel mixture together in a third device. need to be taken. The need for this large number of devices arises from imperfections in the construction of conventional disinchgraters.

According to the apparatus of which invention an activated fuel mixture containing solid and liquid components can be prepared in one disintegrator.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides a structure in which the corresponding working member, namely the rotor of the distinguisher, has three treatment zones. Two of the processing zones process each of the solid and liquid components independently and in parallel, while the last rotor circle provides the M3 processing zone where common processing of all components is carried out together with mixing. In such a structure (see drawing), the rotor fixed to the left shaft preferably has a rotational speed of 3000 min, and its diameter is asoo~9.
It is 00■.

The other rotor fixed to the right-hand shaft preferably has a rotational speed of 1500 min, and its outer diameter and the corresponding outer diameter of the entire rotor are advantageously less than 1200 mm.

Other combinations of rotational speeds and diameters may be used, provided that the sum of the linear velocities at the center line of the last two impact circles of the liquid component treatment zone (1) is at least 200 m/s.

Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view along the axis of an embodiment of the device of the invention;

Based on the structure shown in the drawings, the treatment area for the solid components can also be configured with three or more impact circles, and the treatment area for final treatment and mixing can be configured with two or more impact circles. Can be composed of impact circles.

The structure of the striking member consisting of the above-mentioned impact circle is arbitrary. Practically all known striking member geometries can be used.

In the illustrated construction, in addition to the usual holes for charging solid components, two input pipes for inputting liquid components, such as heavy fuel oil and water, are provided at the 71 unung of the disinching grater. is set up. These input tubes reach into the treatment area of the rotor, where the liquid components are treated. A processing area 1 for the components, a processing area 1 for the liquid components, and an impact circle (processing area m) for processing and mixing of all the components are provided.

A hopper 3 for charging solid components is installed in the center of the nozzle 4. Liquid component injection tube 5.6
4 It is installed in the lower position than J. The nousing 4 is attached to a fixed support 6a, on which gears and other structural connections are arranged. The wall 7 of the housing 4 can be disassembled to remove the rotor (for replacement and repair). The rotor 1.2 is attached to a shaft 8.9 and can be rotated in the reaction direction. Rotor processing area 1t
i has two impact circles, processing area (2) has six impact circles, and processing area (2) has one impact circle.

In operation of this device, the rotors are rotated in opposite directions by means of gears, discharging the fuel mixture components in a homogeneous continuous stream through corresponding holes/4'- or tubes 3 (e.g. coal) or tubes 5, 6 (respectively, e.g. Add water, oil) K. The solid components of the fuel mixture, e.g. coal, are in the form of lumps, but are crushed and processed in the area! mechanically activated by rapid successive impacts within and then mechanically in the treated area ■. Liquid components such as heavy fuel oil and water are mechanically activated in the treatment zone (1) of the rotor and then mixed with the solid components in the treatment zone (2). This mixing of the components is effected by the flow of the mixture portion at the radiating surface of the device. The prepared or treated fuel mixture exits the housing through the outlet 10 (
leaked). The activated fuel mixture prepared in this way has good stability. This mixture does not separate into layers even after many weeks of storage. Furthermore, this activation allows the flash point of the mixture to be lowered and uniform combustion to be achieved in the gay 2-device.

Generally, in such devices, liquid components of the fuel mixture (e.g., heavy fuel oil and water) are injected between the inner circles of the processing member (rotor) of the disintegrator;
Allow the liquid component of the mixture to receive up to two impacts. In this case, in the first impact circle of the rotor only the comminution of the coal (anthracite, lignite, combustible shale) occurs, and in the last impact circle a strong mixing of the fuel mixture components results in an additional refinement of the solid components. .

Number of impacts used for processing liquid components (1 or 2)
is maintained by injecting these components either between the last or penultimate impact circle. In the case of relatively heavy fuel oils, it may be advantageous to inject the oil between the penultimate impact circles and perform two impacts. It has been established that, according to the method described above, a fuel mixture which does not lose its stability for at least three weeks can be obtained with practically the same energy consumption as that required for mechanical mixing methods. There is.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The accompanying drawing is a schematic sectional view of a fuel preparation device according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1.2...low p-13...honnoya-, 4...
Housing, 5.6... Input pipe. Applicant's agent Patent attorney Takehiko Suzue 6 Commissioner of the Patent Office Kazuo Wakasugi 1. Indication of the case Japanese Patent Application No. 57-61183 2, Name of the invention Fuel m recovery method and device 3, Person making the amendment Relationship to the case Patent applicant Desku/Mother Tent Förpelungs Arch-4
, Agent July 27, 1980 6, Specification subject to amendment 7, Contents of amendment Engraving of the specification as attached (no change in content)

Claims (9)

[Claims] (1) A method of preparing a fuel by treating a fuel mixture, characterized in that the fuel or fuel mixture is subjected to a mechanical action and the substance thus treated is subjected to a high acceleration. Preparation method. (2) The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the m-mechanical percentage is achieved by a disinching grator. (3) A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanical action is a percussion action and at the same time the material to be treated is subjected to high acceleration. (4) the fuel mixture consists of a solid component and a liquid component;
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that all components of the fuel mixture are treated by bombardment at the same time. (5) The treatment is applied with at least 108 times the gravitational acceleration, and the fuel mixture is 1 kl? At least 40 kJ in the current 9
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the amount of energy is transferred in a time of 10 −2 seconds or less. 6. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the simultaneous treatment of different fuel mixture components is carried out at least in part in separate stages and under predetermined conditions. (7) A method according to claim 4, characterized in that the solid component and the liquid component are treated separately by impact and then these components are treated together. (8) A housing having two rotors spaced apart to rotate in opposite directions, each having a striking member arranged in multiple rows along the circumference, having a central material inlet, and having an outlet. for treating a fuel mixture containing a solid component and a liquid component, the two rotors include a first treatment zone for treating the solid component, a first treatment zone for treating the liquid component; a second processing region and a third processing region communicating with the first and second processing regions for the overall processing and mixing of the wrinkled solid component and the liquid component;
The processing area includes two impact circles, the second processing area is arranged parallel to the first processing area and includes at least two impact circles, and the third processing area includes at least one impact circle. A fuel preparation device characterized by comprising two impact circles. (9) The rotor has at least two inlets communicating with the housing at different positions, the inlet for the liquid component being located below the inlet for the solid component. Device.