JPH1172009A - Power generation system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To elongate the life of a power generation system and to contribute to the global environmental improvement by gasifying fuel for complete combustion and preventing generation of subproducts such as carbon particulates, CO and alcohols accompanied with incomplete combustion. SOLUTION: A gas generation means 4 generates the gas including at least hydrogen from supplied fuel, and supplies the gas to a combustion means 1. The combustion means 1 mixes fluid with the supplied gas for combustion, which fluid mainly includes oxygen, carbon atom, compounds composed of hydrogen atom or oxygen atom. The fliud discharged from the combustion means 1 is introduced into a power generation means 9, and expanded for generating power. The fluid discharged from the power generation means 9 is supplied to a CO2 recovery means 10, for recovering CO2 .

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a power generation system, and more particularly, to reforming, decomposing, or gasifying a fuel such as methanol and burning it to generate power, and to generate carbon dioxide emitted by power generation. The present invention relates to a power generation system that can be separated and collected.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a power generation system such as a thermal power plant, for example, SO _x and NO _x contained in combustion exhaust gas are used.
Has been removed as an environmental measure. In recent years, a global warming phenomenon due to carbon dioxide emission, that is, a rise in large temperature accompanying the greenhouse effect has become a social problem on a global scale. In addition, since carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere is included in rainfall and the like, it becomes acidic rain which has an adverse effect on plants and the like, and greatly affects the yield of crops and the like. Therefore, even in thermal power generation, it is a challenge to collect as much as possible of the discharged carbon dioxide, instead of releasing all of the carbon dioxide discharged by combustion to the atmosphere as it is.

The configuration of a conventional power generation system will be described below with reference to FIG. FIG. 51 is a block diagram showing a conventional power generation system. In FIG. 51, a combustor 1 contains oxygen from an oxygen tank 2 and a fuel tank 3
And methane and other fuels are supplied directly. The combustor 1 generates gas by mixing and burning oxygen and fuel, and supplies the gas to the gas turbine 5. The gas turbine 5 rotates the rotor with the gas supplied from the combustor 1 to generate energy, and supplies the used gas to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6.

A part of the steam discharged from the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 is supplied to a condenser 7, and the remaining steam is recovered in a steam turbine 8 or a combustor 1. The carbon dioxide discharged from the heat recovery steam generator 6 is supplied to the condenser 7 together with a part of the steam. The water discharged from the steam turbine 8 and the water discharged from the condenser 7 are supplied to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6. In the case of this example, since the power energy is generated by the gas turbine 5 and the steam turbine 8, both turbines 5 and 8 correspond to the power generation means.

The operation of the conventional power generation system having the above configuration will be described. The combustor 1 receives the oxygen from the oxygen tank 2, the fuel from the fuel tank 3 for storing fuel such as methane, and the steam from the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 and mixes them to form a mixed gas. Generate. This mixed gas is burned in the combustor 1, and the burned mixed gas becomes a combustion gas composed of carbon dioxide and water vapor, and is sent to the gas turbine 5. The gas turbine 5 generates electric power energy by rotating the rotor with the combustion gas and supplies the electric power energy to the consumer.

Exhaust gas such as water vapor and carbon dioxide discharged from the gas turbine 5 is sent to an exhaust heat recovery boiler 6. The exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 uses the heat of the exhaust gas sent from the gas turbine 5 to heat the condensed water condensed in the condenser 7 and the water discharged from the steam turbine 8 into steam, , The condenser 7 is a waste heat recovery boiler 6
The exhaust gas such as water vapor and carbon dioxide discharged from the furnace is cooled to condense water.

[0007] A part of the steam boiled and discharged by the heat of the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 is supplied to the combustor 1, and the rest of the steam is supplied to the steam turbine 8. The steam turbine 8 rotates the rotor of the turbine by the supplied steam to extract power energy from the steam, and this energy is supplied to a power consumer or a consumer.

The water cooled by utilizing the energy by the steam turbine 8 is sent to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 together with the condensed water sent from the condenser 7. Of the condensed water discharged from the condenser 7, those other than the condensed water sent to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 are discharged to the outside of the power generation system. Further, the carbon dioxide sent from the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 to the condenser 7 is discharged outside the power generation system.

[0009]

However, in the conventional power generation system having the above configuration, oxygen and fuel are mixed at a stoichiometric ratio and sent to the combustor, where they are directly combusted. There is a problem that the resulting carbon particles and carbon monoxide are generated. At the same time, there is a problem that unburned fuel remains in the combustor.
Among these problems, it is well known that carbon monoxide generated by incomplete combustion is harmful to the human body, and there is a problem that it has a significant effect on the deterioration of the global environment.

[0010] In addition, various by-product compounds such as alcohols are generated during combustion, and among them, formaldehyde is particularly harmful. Due to the generation of such by-product compounds, there is a problem that it is very difficult to separate and recover carbon dioxide by a condenser.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and it has been found that carbon particles and carbon monoxide due to incomplete combustion, which remain even when oxygen and fuel supplied at a stoichiometric ratio are burned, It is an object of the present invention to provide a safe and long-life power generation system by suppressing the generation of unreacted fuel and by-product compounds such as alcohols generated by combustion.

[0012]

In order to achieve the above object, a power generation system according to the present invention comprises a gas generating means for generating a gas containing at least hydrogen from fuel, and a gas supplied from the gas generating means. And a fluid containing oxygen or a compound containing at least one of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms and a compound containing oxygen atoms as main components, and burning these, and supplied from the combustion means. It is characterized by comprising power generation means for generating electric power using a fluid, and carbon dioxide recovery means for recovering at least a part of carbon dioxide from a fluid supplied from the power generation means.

With the above-described structure, according to the present invention, the generation of carbon particles and carbon monoxide due to incomplete combustion is suppressed, the residue of unburned fuel and the generation of by-product compounds of alcohols are suppressed. Precipitation can be suppressed, the power generation system can have a long life, and safety can be increased.

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of a power generation system according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First, the basic concept of the power generation system according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the block diagram of FIG. In FIG. 1, a power generation system includes a gas generation unit 4 that reforms, decomposes or gasifies a fuel supplied from a fuel supply unit such as a fuel tank 3 to generate a gas containing at least hydrogen, and a gas generation unit. And a fluid containing at least one of oxygen, carbon atoms, and hydrogen atoms and a compound containing oxygen atoms as a main component, which is supplied from an oxygen supply means such as the oxygen tank 2. Combustion means 1 composed of, for example, a combustor, a power generation means 9 for generating electric power using a fluid supplied from the combustion means 1, and at least a part of carbon dioxide is recovered from a fluid discharged from the power generation means 9 And a carbon dioxide recovery unit 10 that performs the operation.

The power generation means 9 may be constituted by, for example, a gas turbine 5 similarly to the conventional power generation system shown in FIG. 51, and the carbon dioxide recovery means 10 may be constituted by, for example, a condenser 7. Good. The carbon dioxide recovered by the carbon dioxide recovery means 10 is stored in the carbon dioxide storage tank 11 as necessary, and is processed so as not to be released into the atmosphere.

The power generation system according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 according to the basic concept of the present invention includes a gas generation means 4 and a carbon dioxide recovery means 10 as compared with the conventional power generation system shown in FIG. Is different. Although this carbon dioxide recovery means 10 can include the condenser 7 used in the conventional power generation system, the carbon dioxide is supplied through the waste heat recovery boiler 6 as in the conventional power generation system shown in FIG. CO ₂ ) and water vapor (H ₂ O)
Is supplied, and carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and water vapor (H ₂ ) are directly supplied from the power generation means 9 or through a gas generation means.
O) is supplied.

When the carbon dioxide can be reused in the circulation cycle in the power generation system, the recovered carbon dioxide is reused and, for example, liquid or solidified by cooling or the like to form a secondary product (dry). ice)
And may be reused in other industrial fields. In particular, the solidified product can be commercialized as a coolant or the like.

Next, a configuration of a power generation system according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a second embodiment of the power generation system. The power generation system according to the second embodiment has a more specific configuration example than the power generation system according to the first embodiment in that the power generation system according to the second embodiment includes a reformer 12 as the gas generation unit 4. The carbon dioxide collecting means 10 is constituted by a condenser 7, which collects carbon dioxide and cools water vapor to produce water (H ₂ O) and discharges a part thereof. A part is recycled to the gas turbine 5 for reuse.

The combustor 1 includes an oxygen tank 2 for storing oxygen, a reformer 12 as a gas generator 4 for reforming a fuel made of a carbon compound such as methanol to generate a reformed gas, A gas turbine 5 serving as a hot rice fu that extracts energy from high-temperature gas is connected. The reformed gas contains at least hydrogen or hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The reformer 12 is provided with a fuel tank 3 for storing a fuel such as methanol. The combustion gas discharged from the combustor 1 is sent to the reformer 12 via the gas turbine 5.

The reformer 12 sends a reformed gas such as hydrogen obtained by reforming a fuel gas such as methanol to the combustor 1 and sends carbon dioxide and water vapor to the condenser 7 (carbon dioxide recovery unit 10). . The condenser 7 separates water vapor and carbon dioxide sent from the reformer 12, a part of the condensed water is supplied to the reformer 12, and the rest is discharged outside the power generation system. The separated carbon dioxide is recovered. The recovered carbon dioxide is liquefied.

The operation of the second embodiment having such a configuration will be described. Methanol serving as fuel is supplied from the fuel tank 3 to the reformer 12, and water is supplied from the condenser 7. At this time, the supply ratio of both is methanol: water = 1: 2. In the reformer 12, a chemical reaction such as the following equation (1) occurs, and hydrogen and carbon dioxide are generated. CH ₃ OH + H ₂ O → 3H ₂ + CO ₂ (1)

Hydrogen and carbon dioxide obtained by the above reaction are supplied to the combustor 1 in required amounts. At the same time, part of the unreacted surplus water (or steam) is sent to the combustor 1 together with hydrogen and carbon dioxide. At the same time that hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor are sent from the reformer 12 to the combustor 1, oxygen (normal air) is supplied to the combustor 1 from the oxygen tank 2.

The oxygen supplied from the oxygen tank 2, the hydrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor supplied from the reformer 12 are
After being mixed in the combustor 1, it is burned. Combustion gases such as water vapor and carbon dioxide burned in the combustor 1 are expanding,
The combustion gas is sent to the gas turbine 5 to generate and extract energy (electric power).

After that, steam and carbon dioxide, which are exhaust gases from the gas turbine 5, are sent to the reformer 12. Since this exhaust gas has a very high temperature, the exhaust gas is used by the gas generating means 4 as a heat source for the reforming reaction in the reformer 12 or for vaporizing water or methanol. The steam and carbon dioxide discharged from the gas turbine 5 are sent to the condenser 7 after the heat is deprived by the reformer 12.

The condenser 7 separates water vapor and carbon dioxide. The separated carbon dioxide is supplied to the carbon dioxide recovery unit 10
Sent to In the carbon dioxide recovery unit 10, the recovered carbon dioxide is recovered by liquefaction and is not discharged to the outside of the power generation system. Further, a part of the water vapor separated from the carbon dioxide is condensed into condensed water, supplied to the reformer 12 and reused, and excess water vapor is discharged out of the power generation system.

In the power generation system according to the second embodiment described above, since the carbon component in the fuel gas is changed to carbon dioxide, formation of carbon particles and generation of carbon monoxide due to incomplete combustion are prevented. The power generation system can be operated for a long period of time.

The flammable range of hydrogen is five times that of methane gas.
１５15 [vol%], 2.1 to 9.5 of propane gas
[Vol%], which is wider as 4 to 75 [vol%] compared to 6 to 36 [vol%] of methanol. Furthermore, the burning rate of hydrogen is the above-mentioned burning rate of methane gas of 37 cm / cm.
s], 43 [cm / s] of propane gas, and 55 [cm / s] of methanol, which is much larger at 291 [cm / s]. Therefore, incomplete combustion is relatively unlikely to occur with hydrogen, and no fuel residue is generated due to unburned hydrogen, so that the life of the power generation system can be extended.

Further, since the fuel is converted into hydrogen and carbon dioxide, the production of by-products of alcohols such as formaldehyde is suppressed, and the fuel does not contain harmful components to the human body, so that the safety is improved. . Further, by recovering carbon dioxide by the condenser 7, it is possible to prevent carbon dioxide, which causes deterioration of the global environment, such as global warming and acid rain, from being released into the atmosphere.

Next, the configuration of a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The feature of the power generation system according to the third embodiment is that a compressor 13 is provided between the condenser 7 and the combustor 1, the carbon dioxide discharged from the condenser 7 is collected, and supplied to the combustor 1 after compression. Is to do.

In the block diagram of FIG. 3 showing the power generation system according to the third embodiment, a combustor 1 is provided with an oxygen tank 2 for storing oxygen and a fuel made of a carbon compound such as methanol. A reformer 12 for generating gas (gas generating means 4) and a compressor 13 for compressing carbon dioxide
And a gas turbine 5 for extracting energy from high-temperature gas
(Power generation means 9). The reformed gas contains at least hydrogen or hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Fuel is supplied to the reformer 12 from a fuel tank 3 that stores a fuel such as methanol. The combustion gas discharged from the fuel unit 1 is sent to the reformer 12 via the gas turbine 5.

The reformer 12 sends a reformed gas such as hydrogen obtained by reforming a combustion gas such as methanol to the combustor 1, and sends carbon dioxide and water vapor sent from the gas turbine 5 to the condenser 7. ing. Condenser 7 (carbon dioxide recovery means 10)
Separates the water vapor and carbon dioxide sent from the reformer 12, supplies a part of the condensed water to the reformer 12, and discharges the remaining water. Further, the separated carbon dioxide is sent to the compressor 13. After a part of the carbon dioxide sent to the compressor 13 is compressed, it is sent to the combustor 1 and the rest is recovered. The recovered carbon dioxide is liquefied and stored. The condenser 7 and the compressor 13 constitute a carbon dioxide recovery unit 10.

The operation of the power generation system thus configured according to the third embodiment will be described. The reformer 12 is supplied with methanol, which is a fuel gas, from the fuel tank 3, and is supplied with water from the condenser 7 and the gas turbine 5. At that time, the ratio of water to 2 was 1 for methanol.
Is the ratio of In the reformer 12, a chemical reaction similar to the above equation (1) occurs, and hydrogen and carbon dioxide are generated. CH ₃ OH + H ₂ O → 3H ₂ + CO ₂ (1)

The hydrogen and carbon dioxide obtained by such a reaction are supplied to the combustor 1 in required amounts, and
Part of the unreacted surplus water (steam) is also sent to the combustor 1. At the same time, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor are sent from the reformer 12 to the combustor 1, oxygen (normal air) is sent from the oxygen tank 3, and carbon dioxide is supplied from the compressor 4.

The oxygen supplied from the oxygen tank 2, the hydrogen / carbon dioxide / water vapor supplied from the reformer 12, and the carbon dioxide supplied from the compressor 13 are mixed in the combustor 1 and then burned. Is done. The combustion gas of steam and carbon dioxide burned in the combustor 1 is expanded, and by sending this combustion gas to the gas turbine 5, energy (electric power) is generated and extracted.

Thereafter, the exhaust gas containing steam and carbon dioxide discharged from the gas turbine 5 is sent to the reformer 12. Since this exhaust gas has a very high temperature, it serves as a heat source for the reforming reaction in the reformer 12 and for vaporizing water or methanol. The steam and carbon dioxide discharged from the gas turbine 5 lose heat in the reformer 12 and then
Sent to The condenser 7 separates water vapor and carbon dioxide, and a part of the separated carbon dioxide is sent to the compressor 13, compressed, and then sent to the combustor 1. Since the remaining carbon dioxide is liquefied and collected, it is not discharged to the outside of the power generation system, and the carbon dioxide is not released into the atmosphere. Further, a part of the water vapor separated from the carbon dioxide is condensed to be condensed water and supplied to the reformer 12, and the remaining water vapor is discharged out of the power generation system.

In the power generation system according to the third embodiment described above, since the carbon component in the fuel gas is changed to carbon dioxide, the generation of carbon particles and carbon monoxide due to incomplete combustion is suppressed. it can. Therefore, long-term operation of the power generation system can be enabled.

The flammable range of hydrogen is five times that of methane gas.
１５15 [vol%], 2.1 to 9.5 of propane gas
[Vol%], which is wider as 4 to 75 [vol%] compared to 6 to 36 [vol%] of methanol. Furthermore, the burning rate of hydrogen is the above-mentioned burning rate of methane gas of 37 cm / cm.
s], 43 [cm / s] of propane gas and 55 [cm / s] of methanol, which are much larger at 291 [cm / s]. Therefore, incomplete combustion is relatively unlikely to occur with hydrogen, and generation of unburned fuel residues is suppressed, so that the life of the power generation system can be extended.

Further, since the fuel is converted into hydrogen and carbon dioxide, the generation of alcohol by-products such as formaldehyde is suppressed, and the fuel is safe for the human body. improves. In addition, by supplying at least a part of the carbon dioxide condensed and recovered by the condenser 7 to the combustion chamber 1 via the compressor 13, the carbon dioxide which causes deterioration of the global environment such as acid rain and global warming can be obtained. Of course, the emission of carbon into the atmosphere can be prevented, and of course, the combustion of the mixed gas in the combustor 1 can be efficiently performed, whereby the amount of energy extracted from the gas turbine 5 can be increased.

The present invention is not limited to the power generation systems according to the first to third embodiments, and it goes without saying that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, water separated by the carbon dioxide recovery unit and discharged to the outside of the power generation system can be used for cooling the gas generation unit and the combustor. Also, seawater can be used as a cold heat source for cooling the fluid discharged from the combustor supplied to the carbon dioxide recovery unit.

In the power generation system according to the present invention, the fuel is gasified for reforming and decomposing the fuel and supplied to the combustor, and the carbon dioxide discharged from the power generation means is recovered in the circulation cycle of the power generation system. The purpose is to prevent the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, and therefore all modifications and changes satisfying this purpose are included. Hereinafter, the range in which the present invention can be modified and changed will be disclosed by showing only the main parts of the power generation system according to the fourth to 24th embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a main part of a power generation system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 4, at least a part of the fuel stored in a fuel tank (not shown) is supplied to the gas generator 4. In the gas generating means 4, a gas containing at least hydrogen is generated from the fuel. The fluid containing the gas discharged from the gas generating means 4 is supplied to the combustor 1. Further, the combustor 1 is supplied with a fluid mainly composed of oxygen or a compound composed of carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms or oxygen atoms. The oxygen supplied to the combustor 1 may be a liquid or a gas, but in the case of storing, the liquid is more preferable.
The oxygen contained in the fluid supplied to the combustor 1 is generated by electrolyzing water or generated by gas-phase separation of air into nitrogen and oxygen. This method is called a membrane separation method or a cooling method.

As shown in FIG. 3, the fluid containing gas discharged from the gas generating means 4 and the fluid containing oxygen or a compound composed of carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms or oxygen atoms as main components are used as shown in FIG. , May be mixed in the combustor 1 or may be mixed before being supplied to the combustor 1.
The fluid supplied to the combustor 1 is burned in the combustor 1. The high-temperature fluid discharged from the combustor 1 is supplied to the power generation means 9.
Supplied to The power generating means 9 generates electric power by expanding the supplied high-temperature fluid inside the power generating means 9.

The fluid discharged from the power generation means 9 is supplied to the carbon dioxide recovery means 10. Carbon dioxide recovery means 1
At 0, at least a part of the carbon dioxide contained in the fluid discharged from the power generation means 9 is recovered. The power generation system includes a gas generation unit 4, a combustor 1, a power generation unit 9, and a carbon dioxide recovery unit 10.

The fuel supplied to the gas generating means 4 is a compound containing carbon or hydrogen. For example, methanol,
Ethanol, methane, ethane, propane, butane, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, coal, carbon monoxide,
Formic acid, and it is sufficient that at least one of these is included. In particular, methanol can generate a gas containing at least hydrogen at around 300 ° C., which is relatively low in a power plant. Further, when generating a gas containing hydrogen from methane, about 900 ° C. is required.

In the gas generating means 4, the above-described fuel is converted into a gas containing hydrogen by reforming or shifting reaction (reforming reaction), decomposing or gasifying. For example, if the fuel is methanol, a gas containing hydrogen is generated by a reforming reaction or decomposition. Further, if the fuel is coal, it is gasified to become carbon monoxide, and a gas containing hydrogen is generated by causing a shift reaction of carbon monoxide.

The chemical formulas of the reforming reaction and decomposition when the fuel is methanol and the shift reaction when the fuel is carbon monoxide are shown below. (1) Methanol reforming reaction CH ₃ OH + H ₂ O → 3H ₂ + CO ₂ (1) decomposition CH ₃ OH → 2H ₂ + CO (2) (2) carbon monoxide CO + H ₂ O → H ₂ + CO ₂ (3) )

When the fuel is methanol, the exhaust gas from the gas generating means 4 is hydrogen and carbon dioxide (reforming reaction). The hydrogen and carbon dioxide generated by the gas generation means 4 are supplied to the combustor 1. The gas generated by the gas generating means 4 only needs to contain at least hydrogen. In the case of methanol, hydrogen and carbon dioxide are supplied to the combustor 1. The hydrogen and carbon dioxide generated by the gas generating means 4 can be mixed with water or oxygen in a storage tank (not shown) before being supplied to the combustor 1. As described above, water or water vapor is supplied to the gas generating means 4.
Even if the gas generated in the above is not mixed before being supplied to the combustor 1, it can be supplied directly into the combustor 1.

In the combustor 1, the hydrogen and carbon dioxide generated by the gas generating means 4 and a fluid mainly containing a compound consisting of oxygen, carbon atom, oxygen atom or hydrogen atom are burned. For example, in the case of a fluid containing oxygen as a main component, water or steam is mixed with hydrogen and oxygen supplied to the combustor 1 and burned with oxygen.

The combustion of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and oxygen produces a fluid having carbon dioxide and water vapor from combustor 1. Similarly, when hydrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water or steam are burned, carbon dioxide and steam are also generated. The carbon dioxide and steam discharged from the combustor 1 are supplied to the power generation means 9 to generate power.

The carbon dioxide and water vapor discharged from the power generation means 9 are sent to the carbon dioxide recovery means 10. In the carbon dioxide recovery means 10, the water vapor is liquefied, that is, condensed and separated into gas and liquid, specifically, carbon dioxide and water,
The gaseous carbon dioxide is recovered. As a method for separating into gas and liquid, there are a chemical adsorption method, a physical adsorption method, an adsorption method, a membrane separation method and the like. Examples of the chemical adsorption method include an alkanolamine method and a hot potassium carbonate method.

In the fourth embodiment described above, the carbon atoms contained in the fuel are substantially changed to carbon dioxide, so that the generation of carbon particles and carbon monoxide due to incomplete combustion can be suppressed. Therefore, the life of the power generation system can be prolonged by suppressing the carbon particles from being protruded, and the power generation plant can be prevented from adversely affecting the global environment by suppressing the generation of carbon monoxide.

The flammable range of hydrogen generated by the gas generating means 4 is 5 to 15 [vol] of methane gas.
%], 2.1 to 9.5 [vol%] of propane gas, and 6 to 36 [vol%] of methanol, and 4 to 75%.
[Vol%] is wide. Further, the burning rate of hydrogen is 37 [cm / s] of methane gas, 43 [cm / s] of propane gas, and 55 [cm / s] of methanol as described above.
s], which is much higher at 291 [cm / s]. By controlling the flammable range and the combustion rate as described above, incomplete combustion is relatively less likely to occur with hydrogen, and the generation of unburned fuel residues is suppressed, thus extending the life of the power generation system. can do.

Further, since the fuel is converted into at least hydrogen and carbon dioxide by the gas generating means 4, the generation of by-products of alcohols such as formaldehyde, for example, is suppressed, which is safe for the human body. Safety can be improved. Further, since the fluid discharged from the combustor 1 is carbon dioxide and water vapor (or water), gas-liquid separation between carbon dioxide and water is easy, and the separation efficiency is improved. In addition, the cost and size of the carbon dioxide recovery means 10 can be reduced.

Next, the configuration and operation of the fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the following embodiments, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted. Fifth
A feature of the embodiment is that a specific configuration of the power generation unit 9 includes at least one of the gas turbine 5 and the steam turbine 8.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a first example in which the power generation means 9 is constituted by the gas turbine 5, and FIG. 6 is a second example in which the power generation means 9 is constituted by the steam turbine 8. FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing an example in which the power generation means 9 is configured by a combined system including the gas turbine 5 and the steam turbine 8.

As shown in the first example of FIG.
Denotes a gas turbine 5. The gas turbine 5 has a combustor 1
Power is generated by introducing fluid discharged from Further, as shown in a second example of FIG. 6, the power generation means 9 may be constituted by a steam turbine 8. Steam supplied to the steam turbine 8 as a working fluid is generated by using heat of the fluid discharged from the combustor 1. Specifically, the combustor 1
Waste heat recovery boiler 6 between
Is provided. In the waste heat recovery boiler 6, water is heated by the heat of the fluid discharged from the combustor 1 to generate steam. The generated steam is used as a working fluid in the steam turbine 8.
To generate electricity. The fluid discharged from the steam turbine 8 is condensed by the condenser 14 and supplied to the waste heat recovery boiler 6 again.

Further, as shown in the third example of FIG. 7, the power generation means 9 may be constituted by a combined system using the gas turbine 5 and the steam turbine 8.
Electric power is generated by introducing the fluid discharged from the combustor 1 into the gas turbine 5. The fluid discharged from the gas turbine 5 undergoes heat exchange when passing through the heat recovery steam generator 6. The heat of the fluid discharged from the gas turbine 5 is
It is used by the exhaust heat recovery boiler 6 to generate steam introduced into the steam turbine 8. The steam turbine 8 performs power generation by heating the water by the heat exchange and introducing the generated steam to the steam turbine 8. The power generation means 9 may have any configuration as long as it generates power, such as the gas turbine 5 or the steam turbine 8, and may be, for example, a thermoelectric power generation.

Next, the configuration and operation of the sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a main part of a sixth embodiment including a power generation system and a part to which water or steam is supplied. There are four places where the fuel or gas containing at least hydrogen and water or steam are mixed, as shown below. Water or steam is stored in a water storage unit (not shown) or the like.

Before the fuel is supplied to the gas generating means 4, the fuel and water or steam are mixed.

While the fuel is supplied to the gas generating means 4, water (or steam) is also supplied to the gas generating means 4. In the gas generating means 4, the supplied fuel and water (or steam) are mixed.

Before the gas containing at least hydrogen discharged from the gas generating means 4 is supplied to the combustor 1, water or steam is mixed. The mixed fluid becomes a fluid containing the gas discharged from the gas generating means 4.

The gas containing at least hydrogen is supplied to the combustor 1
And water or steam) is also supplied to the combustor 1. In the combustor 1, the supplied fuel and water (or steam) are mixed.

The location where the fuel or gas containing at least hydrogen and water or water vapor are mixed may be at least one of the above or at least one, and may be plural.

In the sixth embodiment described above, the fuel and the water or steam are mixed to form the combustor 1.
Insufficient water or steam when burning inside can be replenished. Further, the amount of fluid supplied to the gas turbine 23 can be increased, and the amount of power generation can be increased. Further, excessive heat due to combustion in the combustor 1 can be cooled by water or steam.

Next, the configuration and operation of the seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 9 to FIG.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram for supplying at least a part of water or steam recovered from the water supply unit. The supply of water or steam in the power generation system according to the seventh embodiment is supplied from the carbon dioxide recovery means 10 to the power generation system according to the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. Therefore, the seventh embodiment corresponds to the sixth embodiment except that water or steam is circulated inside the power generation system.

In FIG. 8, the fuel or gas containing at least hydrogen is mixed with the water or steam stored in the reservoir without circulating the water or steam generated in the power generation system. In FIG. 12 or FIG. 12, the gas generated in the power generation system,
At least a part of the water or steam recovered by the above is supplied to the fuel supplied to the gas generating means 4 or the gas containing at least hydrogen supplied to the combustor 1. The location to be supplied is the same as in FIG.

There are four places where the fuel or the gas containing at least hydrogen and water or steam are mixed.

Before the fuel is supplied to the gas generating means 4, the fuel and water or steam are mixed.

The fuel is supplied to the gas generator 4, and water or steam is also supplied to the gas generator 4.
In the gas generating means 4, the fuel and water or steam are mixed.

The gas containing at least hydrogen discharged from the gas generator 4 is mixed with water or steam before being supplied to the combustor 1. The mixed fluid becomes a fluid containing the gas discharged from the gas generating means 4.

The gas containing at least hydrogen is supplied to the combustor 1
And water or steam is supplied to the combustor 1. In the combustor 1, the fuel and water or steam are mixed.

The location where the fuel or gas containing at least hydrogen and water or steam are mixed may be at least one of the above or at least one, and a plurality of locations may be combined. Alternatively, it may be supplied to all of the above.

In the seventh embodiment described above, the fuel and the water or steam are mixed to form the combustor 1.
Insufficient water or steam when burning inside can be replenished. Further, the amount of fluid supplied to the gas turbine 5 can be increased, and the amount of power generation can be increased. Moreover, excessive heat due to combustion in the combustor 1 can be cooled by water or steam. Further, a storage unit for storing water or steam is not required, and the efficiency is improved by reusing water or steam.

Next, the configuration and operation of the eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 13 and FIG.
It is a block diagram showing an important section of a power generation system. FIG.
As shown in FIG. 14 and FIG.
0 or at least a part of the water or steam recovered by the steam turbine 8 may be supplied as a working fluid of the steam turbine 8.

In the above eighth embodiment, the steam turbine 8
By supplying the water or steam separated and recovered by the carbon dioxide recovery means 10 when the flow rate of the steam supplied to the tank becomes insufficient, the water or steam can be provided without newly providing a water or steam supply source. The flow rate of steam can be supplemented. Therefore, the utilization rate of water or steam is improved.

Next, the configuration and operation of the power generation system according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a main part of a power generation system according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG.
The reforming, decomposition, or gasification of the fuel supplied to the gas generating means 4 is performed by the heat of the fluid discharged from the combustor 1. The fluid discharged from the combustor 1 and supplied to the gas generation means 4 may be the entire fluid discharged from the combustor 1 or a part of the fluid as long as the fuel is reformed, decomposed, or gasified.

In the power generation system according to the ninth embodiment described above, since the exhaust heat of the gas discharged from the combustor 1 is used as the heat source for reforming, decomposing, or gasifying the fuel, a new heat source is used. , And the exhaust heat can be effectively used.

Next, the configuration and operation of the power generation system according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
This will be described with reference to FIG. FIGS. 16 to 18 are block diagrams showing the main parts of the first to third examples of the power generation system according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
In the first example, the reforming, decomposition, or gasification of the fuel supplied to the gas generation means 4 is performed by the heat of the fluid extracted from the gas turbine 5. Further, the gasification of the fuel may be performed by the fluid extracted from the steam turbine 8, as in the second example shown in FIG.

Further, as in the third example shown in FIG.
The fuel supplied to the gas generator 4 may be reformed, decomposed, or gasified by both the fluid extracted from the gas turbine 5 and the fluid extracted from the steam turbine 8. In this case, gasification may be performed using the entire amount of the fluid to be extracted, or may be a part of the fluid in the gas turbine 5 or the steam turbine 8.

In the tenth embodiment described above, a new heat source is used because the exhaust heat of the fluid discharged from the gas turbine 5 or the steam turbine 8 is used as the heat source for reforming, decomposing, or gasifying the fuel. There is no need to provide it, and effective utilization of exhaust heat can be achieved.

Next, the configuration and operation of the eleventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIGS. 19 to 22 are block diagrams each showing a main part of the first to fourth examples of the power generation system according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention. The power generation system according to the eleventh embodiment includes, as shown in FIGS.
At least a portion of the carbon dioxide separated and recovered by the carbon dioxide recovery means 10 is supplied to the gas generation means 4 or the combustor 1. There are four places to supply carbon dioxide as shown below.

Before the fuel is supplied to the gas generator 4, the fuel and carbon dioxide are mixed and
(FIG. 19).

The fuel is supplied to the gas generating means 4 and the carbon dioxide is supplied to the gas generating means 4 (FIG. 2).
0). In the gas generating means 4, the fuel and carbon dioxide are mixed.

The gas containing at least hydrogen discharged from the gas generator 4 is mixed with carbon dioxide before being supplied to the combustor 1 (FIG. 21). The mixed fluid becomes a fluid containing the gas discharged from the gas generating means 4.

The gas containing at least hydrogen is supplied to the combustor 1
And carbon dioxide is supplied to the combustor 1 (FIG. 22). In the combustor 1, the fuel and carbon dioxide are mixed.

The place where the carbon dioxide and the fuel or the gas containing at least hydrogen are mixed may be at least one of the above or at least one of them. It does not matter.

In the eleventh embodiment as described above, by mixing the fuel and carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide necessary for burning in the combustor 1 can be supplemented. Further, the amount of fluid supplied to the gas turbine 5 can be increased, and the amount of power generation can be increased. Further, by supplying carbon dioxide to the gas containing at least hydrogen, it is possible to cool excessive heat due to combustion in the combustor 1.

Next, the configuration and operation of the twelfth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIGS. 23 to 28 are block diagrams showing the main parts of the first to sixth examples of the twelfth embodiment of the present invention, respectively.

As in the first example shown in FIG.
A compressor 13 is provided between the compressor and the gas turbine 5. The compressor 13 compresses a fluid containing carbon dioxide discharged from the combustor 1 and supplies the compressed fluid to the gas turbine 5. By compressing the fluid discharged from the combustor 1 to a desired pressure, the work of the gas turbine 5 can be increased, and the amount of power generation can be increased.

Also, as in the second example shown in FIG. 24, when the power generation means 9 is composed of the gas turbine 5 and the steam turbine 8, the combustion is performed in the same manner as when the power generation means 9 is a single gas turbine 5. By compressing the fluid discharged from the vessel 1 to a desired pressure, the work of the gas turbine 5 can be increased, and the power generation can be increased.

Further, as in the third example shown in FIG.
A compressor 13 (or a pump) may be provided between the power generation means 9 and the carbon dioxide recovery means 10. The compressor 13 compresses the fluid discharged from the power generation unit 9 and supplies the compressed fluid to the carbon dioxide recovery unit 10. By compressing the fluid discharged from the power generation means 9 before being supplied to the carbon dioxide recovery means 10, a large amount of carbon dioxide can be recovered by the carbon dioxide recovery means 10.

Further, as in the fourth to sixth examples shown in FIGS. 26 to 28, the compressor 13 may be provided at the subsequent stage of the carbon dioxide recovery means 10. 26 shows a case where carbon dioxide is compressed, FIG. 27 shows a case where water is compressed, and FIG. 28 shows a case where both carbon dioxide and water are compressed. The carbon dioxide or water collected by the carbon dioxide collecting means 10 is compressed by the compressor 13 to improve the carbon dioxide or water collection efficiency.

In this case, the compressor 13 may compress the fluid containing at least carbon dioxide generated in the power generation system to a desired pressure, and a plurality of compressors 13 may be provided in the power generation system as needed. In these examples, the compressor 13
May be constituted by a pump.

Next, the configuration and operation of the power generation system according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
This will be described with reference to FIG. FIGS. 29 to 32 are block diagrams respectively showing the configuration of the main parts of the first to fourth examples of the power generation system according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.

According to the power generation system of the thirteenth embodiment, as shown in the first example of FIG. 29, the compressor 13 provided between the power generation means 9 and the carbon dioxide recovery means 10
Fluid (carbon dioxide, water vapor) discharged from
Is supplied to the gas generating means 4 or the combustor 1 and the combustor 1
The amount of fluid within can be increased. By increasing the amount of fluid discharged from the fuel device 1, the amount of power generated by the power generation means 9 can be increased. Also, the compressed fluid can be supplied to the combustor 1 as a coolant,
It is possible to suppress that the temperature in the inside rises more than necessary.

Further, as in the second example shown in FIG. 30, the compressed fluid (carbon dioxide) discharged from the compressor 13 provided at the subsequent stage of the carbon dioxide recovery means 10 is supplied to the gas generation means 4 or The amount of fluid supplied to the combustor 1 and within the combustor 1 can be increased. By increasing the amount of fluid discharged from the combustor 1, the amount of power generated by the power generation means 9 can be increased. In addition, the compressed fluid can be supplied to the combustor 1 as a coolant, and the temperature inside the combustor 1 can be prevented from rising excessively.

Further, as in the third example shown in FIG. 31, the compressed fluid (steam) discharged from the compressor 13 provided at the subsequent stage of the carbon dioxide collecting means 10 is supplied to the gas generating means 4 or the combustion means. And the amount of fluid in the combustor 1 can be increased. By increasing the amount of fluid discharged from the combustor 1, the amount of power generated by the power generation means 9 can be increased. In addition, the compressed fluid can be supplied to the combustor 1 as a coolant, and the temperature inside the combustor 1 can be prevented from rising excessively.

Further, as in the fourth example shown in FIG.
Compressor 13 provided at the subsequent stage of carbon dioxide recovery means 10
Fluid (carbon dioxide, water vapor) discharged from
Is supplied to the gas generating means 4 or the combustor 1 and the combustor 1
The amount of fluid within can be increased. By increasing the amount of fluid discharged from the combustor 1,
Power generation can be increased. In addition, the compressed fluid can be supplied to the combustor 1 as a coolant, and the temperature inside the combustor 1 can be prevented from rising excessively. The fluid such as carbon dioxide and water vapor discharged from the compressor 13 may be directly mixed with the fuel supplied to the gas generating means 4 or the gas containing hydrogen supplied to the combustor 1. Further, when the compressed fluid is supplied to the gas generating means 4, it becomes a heat source (heating source) necessary for reforming or decomposing or gasifying the fuel. In the thirteenth embodiment, the compressor 13 also serves as a pump.

Next, the configuration and operation of a power generation system according to the fourteenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 33 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a power generation system according to a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 33, a carbon dioxide liquefaction unit 15 for liquefying carbon dioxide discharged from carbon dioxide recovery means 10 is provided. Carbon dioxide is easily liquefied, and handling after liquefaction is also easy. Further, the carbon dioxide liquefaction unit 15 is provided with a carbon dioxide storage unit 11 for storing liquefied carbon dioxide. By providing the storage unit 11, liquefied carbon dioxide can be stored as needed.

Next, the configuration and operation of a power generation system according to the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 34 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a main part of the power generation system according to the fourteenth embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 34, the carbon dioxide liquefaction unit 1
The cold heat source 5 uses cold heat of liquefied liquid oxygen supplied to the combustor 1, heat of vaporization of fuel, and heat of vaporization of water. There is no need to newly provide a cold heat source for liquefying carbon dioxide, which contributes to improvement in thermal efficiency, cost reduction, and downsizing of the power generation system. If water (including water vapor) generated in the power generation system is used as the water used as the cold heat source, the power generation efficiency is further improved.

Next, the configuration and operation of the power generation system according to the sixteenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
This will be described with reference to FIG. FIGS. 35 to 37 are block diagrams respectively showing the configurations of first to third examples of the power generation system according to the fifteenth embodiment of the present invention.

As in the first example shown in FIG. 35, at least a part of the liquefied carbon dioxide is supplied to the combustor 1 by the carbon dioxide liquefaction unit 15. The liquefied carbon dioxide supplied to the combustor 1 is heated and vaporized in the combustor 1, and the amount of fluid in the combustor 1 can be increased.
By increasing the amount of fluid discharged from the combustor 1, the amount of power generated by the power generation means 9 can be increased. Also,
The liquefied carbon dioxide can be supplied to the combustor 1 as a coolant, and the temperature inside the combustor 1 can be prevented from rising excessively.

As in the second example shown in FIG. 36, at least a part of the carbon dioxide liquefied by the carbon dioxide liquefaction unit 15 is supplied to the compressor 13. Compressor 13
The liquefied carbon dioxide supplied to the gas turbine 5 is heated by the heat of the fluid discharged from the combustor 1 and is vaporized and expanded, so that the amount of the fluid supplied to the gas turbine 5 can be increased. By increasing the amount of fluid supplied to the gas turbine 5, the amount of power generated by the gas turbine 5 can be increased.

Further, as in the third example shown in FIG.
Also in the combined system including the gas turbine 5 and the steam turbine 8, at least a part of the liquefied carbon dioxide is supplied to the compressor 13 by the carbon dioxide liquefaction unit 15. The liquefied carbon dioxide supplied to the compressor 13 is heated by the heat of the fluid discharged from the combustor 1 to be vaporized and expanded, so that the gas turbine 5
Can be increased. By increasing the amount of fluid supplied to the gas turbine 5, the amount of power generated by the gas turbine 5 can be increased.

Next, the configuration and operation of the power generation system according to the seventeenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 38 and 39.
This will be described with reference to FIG. FIGS. 38 and 39 are block diagrams each showing a configuration of a main part of each of the first and second examples of the power generation system according to the seventeenth embodiment of the present invention.

As in the first example shown in FIG.
A carbon dioxide vaporizing section 16 is provided between the power generation means 9 and the power generation means 9.
By supplying at least a part of the liquefied carbon dioxide to the carbon dioxide vaporizer 16 by the carbon dioxide liquefaction unit 15, the carbon dioxide liquefied by the heat of the fluid discharged from the combustor 1 is heated and vaporized. And expanded and supplied to the combustor 1. The vaporized carbon dioxide supplied to the combustor 1 can increase the amount of fluid supplied to the power generation means 9. By increasing the amount of fluid supplied to the power generation means 9, the amount of power generated by the power generation means 9 can be increased. In addition, carbon dioxide can be supplied to the combustor 1 as a coolant, and the temperature inside the combustor 1 can be prevented from rising excessively.

Further, a carbon dioxide vaporizer 16 may be provided between the combustor 1 and the compressor 13 as in the second example shown in FIG. By supplying at least a part of the liquefied carbon dioxide to the carbon dioxide vaporizing section 16 by the carbon dioxide liquefying section 15, the carbon dioxide liquefied by the heat of the fluid discharged from the combustor 1 is heated and vaporized. It is expanded and supplied to the combustor 1. The vaporized carbon dioxide supplied to the combustor 1 can increase the amount of fluid supplied to the gas turbine 5. Gas turbine 5
By increasing the amount of fluid supplied to the gas turbine, the amount of power generated by the gas turbine 5 can be increased. In addition, carbon dioxide can be supplied to the combustor 1 as a coolant, and the temperature inside the combustor 1 can be prevented from rising excessively. Even if the power generation means 9 is a combined system having the gas turbine 5 and the steam turbine 8,
The same operation and effect as in the case where the power generation means 9 is constituted solely by the gas turbine 5 are provided.

Next, the configuration and operation of the power generation system according to the eighteenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 40 and 41.
This will be described with reference to FIG. FIGS. 40 and 41 show the first and second power generation systems according to the seventeenth embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of the example of FIG.

As in the first example shown in FIG. 40, the condenser 14 provided in the steam turbine 8 was cooled by liquefied oxygen supplied to the combustor 1 or liquefied by the carbon dioxide liquefier 15. Use the cold of carbon dioxide. Condenser 14
By using the cold heat of liquid oxygen or liquid carbon dioxide for cooling the steam, the cooling (condensing) of the steam can be performed efficiently without requiring a new cooling device.

Further, as in the second example shown in FIG. 41, in the combined system of the gas turbine 5 and the steam turbine 8, the condenser 14 provided in the steam turbine 8
Cooling of liquefied oxygen supplied to the combustor 1 or carbon dioxide liquefied by the carbon dioxide liquefaction unit 15 is used for cooling. By using the cold heat of liquid oxygen or liquid carbon dioxide for cooling the steam in the condenser 14, a new cooling device is not required and the steam can be cooled (condensed) efficiently.

Next, the configuration and operation of a power generation system according to the nineteenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 42 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a power generation system according to a nineteenth embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 42, the fluid discharged from the combustor 1 and supplied to the carbon dioxide recovery means 10 is cooled using the cold heat of the liquefied oxygen supplied to the combustor 1 (condensation of water vapor). )can do. Since the liquefied oxygen uses the cold heat, there is no need for a separate cooling device,
Effective heat utilization in the power generation system.

Next, the configuration and operation of a power generation system according to the twentieth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 43 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of the power generation system according to the twentieth embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 43, the fluid discharged from the combustor 1 and supplied to the carbon dioxide recovery means 10 is cooled using the cold heat of the carbon dioxide liquefied by the carbon dioxide liquefaction unit 15 (condensation of water vapor). )can do. By utilizing the cold heat of the liquefied carbon dioxide, it is possible to effectively use heat in the power generation system without requiring a separate cooling device.

Next, the configuration and operation of the power generation system according to the twenty-first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 44 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of the power generation system according to the twenty-first embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 44, the fluid supplied to the carbon dioxide recovery means 10 and discharged from the combustor 1 is cooled (condensed with water vapor) using heat of vaporization of fuel (for example, methanol). Can be. By utilizing the heat of vaporization of the fuel, it is possible to effectively utilize heat in the power generation system without requiring a separate cooling device.

Next, the configuration and operation of a power generation system according to the twenty-second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 45 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of the power generation system according to the twenty-second embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 45, the fluid supplied from the combustor 1 and supplied to the carbon dioxide recovery means 10 is evaporative heat (heat of vaporization) generated when the water supplied to the pressure reducing section 17 is decompressed. Can be used for cooling (condensing water vapor). Since water is used as the cooling source, cost can be reduced and handling can be facilitated. Note that the condensed condensed water can be supplied to the decompression unit 17 again.

Next, the configuration and operation of a power generation system according to the twenty-third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 46 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of the power generation system according to the twenty-third embodiment of the present invention.

A gas flow controller 18 is provided for measuring and controlling the flow rate of the fluid containing gas discharged from the gas generator 4 and supplied to the combustor 1. Further, there is provided an oxygen flow rate control unit 19 which measures and controls the flow rate of oxygen contained in a fluid mainly containing oxygen supplied to the combustor 1 or a compound comprising carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms or oxygen atoms.

The flow rate of the fluid containing gas is measured by the gas flow rate control unit 18, and the oxygen flow rate according to the measured value is calculated as follows.
The oxygen is supplied to the combustor 1 while being controlled by the oxygen flow controller 19. Also, the oxygen flow rate can be measured by the oxygen flow rate control unit 19 and the flow rate of the fluid containing gas corresponding to the measured value can be supplied to the combustor 1 while being controlled by the gas flow rate control unit 18.

At this time, if the fuel supplied to the gas generating means 4 is C _x H _y O _z (where x, y, and z are integers), oxygen or carbon atom supplied to the combustor 1 is used. Alternatively, the flow rate of oxygen contained in the fluid containing a compound composed of hydrogen atoms or oxygen atoms as a main component is theoretically mixed so that the following formula (4) ( _4x + _1y - _2z ) / 4 (4) Control by ratio.

In the twenty-third embodiment as described above, the flow rate of the fluid containing gas and the flow rate of oxygen contained in the fluid containing, as a main component, a compound consisting of oxygen, a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom, or an oxygen atom are defined as: By controlling the gas flow rate control unit 18 and the oxygen flow rate control unit 19 as in equation (4), power generation efficiency can be optimized and incomplete combustion can be suppressed. By suppressing incomplete combustion, it is possible to suppress the by-products from being separated out, and there is no adverse effect on the global environment, which is safe.

Next, the configuration and operation of a power generation system according to the twenty-fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 47 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a power generation system according to the twenty-fourth embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 47, the combustor 1 and the compressor 1
3, a carbon dioxide flow measurement unit 20 is provided. The flow rate of carbon dioxide in the fluid discharged from the compressor 13 is measured by the carbon dioxide flow measurement unit 20. The measured value is sent to the oxygen flow controller 19. Oxygen flow control unit 1
9, the fuel flow control unit 18 and the carbon dioxide flow control unit 2
Based on the measured value of 0, the flow rate of oxygen contained in a fluid containing oxygen or a compound composed of carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms or oxygen atoms as a main component supplied to the combustor 1 is controlled.

In the twenty-fourth embodiment as described above, the flow rate of the fluid containing gas and the flow rate of oxygen contained in the fluid containing oxygen or a compound composed of carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, or oxygen atoms as main components are determined. By controlling the carbon dioxide contained in the fluid discharged from the compressor 13 by the gas flow rate control unit 18, the oxygen flow rate control unit 19, and the carbon dioxide flow rate control unit 20 as in the above equation (4). In addition, power generation efficiency can be optimized, and incomplete combustion can be suppressed. By suppressing incomplete combustion in this way, the generation of by-products due to power generation can be suppressed, and there is no adverse effect on the global environment and safety is achieved.

[0130] Although the above-described embodiment relates only to the power generation system, the present invention can be considered as a power generation control system for controlling the above-described power generation system. FIG. 48 is a block diagram showing a power generation control system according to the twenty-fifth embodiment.

In FIG. 48, the combustion means 1, the gas generation means 4, the power generation means 9, the carbon dioxide recovery means 10 and the like have the same configuration as the previous embodiment, and include oxygen, fuel, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, water and energy. Are indicated by thick arrows. The power generation control system according to the twenty-fifth embodiment includes, for example, an oxygen supply means 2 including an oxygen tank and an oxygen supply valve, a fuel supply means such as a fuel tank and a fuel supply valve 3, a combustion means 1, and a power generation means 9. And control means 21 for controlling the operation of carbon dioxide recovery means 10 and the like
And an output detecting means 22 for detecting the output of the power energy generated by the power generating means 9.

The control unit 21 receives a target output, and the output detection unit 22 detects the actual amount of power generated by the power generation unit 9. The control unit 21 determines the supply amount of fuel, the supply amount of oxygen, and the like based on the target output and the actual detection output, and controls the combustion of the combustion unit 1. As a result, the power generation amount of the power generation means 9 is controlled, and the carbon dioxide recovery amount which is the most important for the present invention is determined and controlled. The amount of recovered carbon dioxide is calculated such that the most efficient amount of recovered carbon dioxide at the input target output is calculated, and the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere is controlled to a minimum value.

Finally, a control method of the power generation system according to the twenty-sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the flowchart in FIG. The power generation system control method shown in FIG. 49 may be implemented in the power generation control system shown in FIG.

First, the target output is determined in step ST1 of FIG. The supply amounts of oxygen and fuel are determined based on the determined target outputs (step ST2).
Next, the amount of water in the reformer as the gas generating means is determined (step ST3), and subsequently, the amount of hydrogen gas supplied from the reformer is determined (step ST4). Thereafter, in step ST5, higher than the lowest temperature T _L of the combustion target temperature T _t in the combustion unit 1 is permitted, whether or lower than the maximum temperature T _H which is allowed is determined. If the target temperature _Tt is within the allowable range, in the next step ST6, the recovery amount of carbon dioxide is also determined, and various valves are controlled in accordance with the determined recovery amount of carbon dioxide ( Step ST7) In a normal power generation state, carbon dioxide is recovered, and emission to the atmosphere is suppressed.

In step ST5, if the target temperature is not within the desired range, the temperature does not reach the minimum temperature or a different k.
Is determined (step ST8), and when it is determined that it has not reached, in step ST9, the circulation amount of carbon dioxide and water is reduced, and the routine from step ST3 is repeated. When it is determined in step ST8 that the minimum temperature has been reached, it is determined again whether or not the maximum temperature has been exceeded (step ST10), and it has been determined that the maximum temperature has not been exceeded. In this case, the routine proceeds to step ST6. In step ST10,
If it is determined that the target temperature is higher than the maximum temperature, it is reset so as to increase the circulation amount of carbon dioxide and water (step ST11). Thereafter, the routine proceeds from step ST11 to step ST3, and thereafter repeats the processing of steps ST4 to ST7.

In each of the above-described embodiments, a gas containing at least hydrogen is supplied from the gas generation means 4 to the combustion means 1, but the present invention is not limited to this.
As in the power generation system according to the twenty-seventh embodiment shown in FIG. 50, the configuration may be such that no gas generation means is provided.

In FIG. 50, the power generation system according to the twenty-seventh embodiment includes a fluid containing at least hydrogen and a fluid containing oxygen or a compound containing any one of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms as main components. Combustor 1 that supplies and burns, power generation means 9 that generates electric power using a fluid supplied from the combustor 1, and recovers at least a portion of carbon dioxide from the fluid sent from the power generation means 9. And a carbon dioxide recovery unit 10 that performs the operation. This carbon dioxide recovery means 10 is for liquefying water vapor and decomposing it into gas and liquid.
Is provided with a carbon dioxide liquefaction unit 15 for liquefying a fluid containing carbon dioxide to be discharged. The power generation system further includes a carbon dioxide storage unit 11 that stores the carbon dioxide liquefied by the carbon dioxide recovery unit 10. The liquefied and stored carbon dioxide is synthesized as needed with hydrogen prepared separately, and is converted into a fuel such as methanol. The converted methanol or the like is used as fuel for a power generation device.

As described above, it is possible to satisfactorily generate power with a desired output without releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Thereby, the global warming phenomenon can be suppressed, and the damage of acid rain which may destroy the plant system such as the tropical rain forest can be prevented as much as possible.

[0139]

As described above in detail, according to the power generation system of the present invention, the fuel is not directly supplied to the combustor, but is reformed, decomposed or gasified by the gas generator. Since incomplete combustion is prevented by burning, generation of carbon monoxide and carbon particles harmful to the human body can be prevented, which can contribute to suppression of deterioration of the global environment.

In addition, the generation of harmful alcohol by-products such as formaldehyde can be prevented, and the separation and recovery of carbon dioxide can be easily performed. It is possible to provide a power generation system that can prevent the rainfall of acid rain and the like, can prevent deterioration of the global environment, and can prolong the life of each component by suppressing generation of harmful substances.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a power generation system according to a first embodiment as a basic concept of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a power generation system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a power generation system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a main part of a power generation system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a first example of a power generation system according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a second example of the power generation system according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a third example of the power generation system according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a power generation system according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a first example of a power generation system according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a second example of the power generation system according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a third example of the power generation system according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a main part of a fourth example of the power generation system according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a first example of a power generation system according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a second example of the power generation system according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a power generation system according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a first example of a power generation system according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a second example of the power generation system according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a third example of the power generation system according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a first example of a power generation system according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a second example of the power generation system according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a third example of the power generation system according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a fourth example of the power generation system according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a first example of a power generation system according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a second example of the power generation system according to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a third example of the power generation system according to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a fourth example of the power generation system according to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a fifth example of the power generation system according to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a sixth example of the power generation system according to the twelfth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 29 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a first example of a power generation system according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a second example of the power generation system according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a third example of the power generation system according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 32 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a fourth example of the power generation system according to the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 33 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a power generation system according to a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 34 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a power generation system according to a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 35 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a first example of a power generation system according to a sixteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 36 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a second example of the power generation system according to the sixteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 37 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a third example of the power generation system according to the sixteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 38 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a first example of a power generation system according to a seventeenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 39 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a second example of the power generation system according to the seventeenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 40 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a first example of a power generation system according to an eighteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 41 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a second example of the power generation system according to the eighteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 42 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a power generation system according to a nineteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 43 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a power generation system according to a twentieth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 44 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a power generation system according to a twenty-first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 45 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a power generation system according to a twenty-second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 46 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a power generation system according to a twenty-third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 47 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a power generation system according to a twenty-fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 48 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a power generation control system according to a twenty-fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 49 is a flowchart showing a method for controlling the recovery of carbon dioxide in a power generation system according to the twenty-sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 50 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a main part of a power generation system according to a twenty-seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 51 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a conventional power generation system.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 combustion means 4 gas generation means 5 power generation means (gas turbine) 6 exhaust heat recovery boiler 7 carbon dioxide recovery means (condenser) 8 power generation means (steam turbine) 9 power generation means 10 carbon dioxide recovery means 12 gas generation means (reforming) 13) Carbon dioxide recovery means (compressor) 14 Condenser 18 Gas flow control unit 19 Oxygen flow control unit 20 Carbon dioxide flow control unit

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI F23K 5/22 F23K 5/22 (72) Inventor Masakuni Sasaki 1-1-1, Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Toshiba Corporation In-house (72) Inventor Masafumi Fukuda 1-1-1, Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Inside the head office of Toshiba Corporation (72) Inventor Taketo Nishida 1 Komukai Toshiba-cho 1 Toshiba R & D Center

Claims (27)

[Claims] 1. A gas generating means for reforming, decomposing, or gasifying a fuel to generate a gas containing at least hydrogen, a fluid containing a gas discharged from the gas generating unit, oxygen, carbon atoms, or hydrogen. A combustion unit that supplies and burns a fluid containing a compound composed of atoms and oxygen atoms as a main component; a power generation unit that generates electric power using a fluid that is discharged from the combustor; And a carbon dioxide recovery means for recovering at least a part of carbon dioxide from the fluid to be discharged. 2. The fuel is a compound containing carbon or hydrogen and contains at least one of methanol, ethanol, methane, ethane, propane, butane, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, coal, carbon monoxide, and formic acid. The power generation system according to claim 1, wherein: 3. The power generation system according to claim 2, wherein at least a part of water or steam recovered from said carbon dioxide recovery means is supplied to a steam turbine as said power generation means. 4. The power generation system according to claim 1, wherein said oxygen supplied to said combustion means includes at least oxygen obtained by decomposing water or separating air. 5. The power generation system according to claim 1, wherein said oxygen supplied to said combustion means is liquid oxygen. 6. The fluid supplied to the carbon dioxide recovery means and discharged from the combustor is the liquefied liquid oxygen, the liquefied carbon dioxide, or the heat of vaporization of the fuel or water. The power generation system according to claim 5, wherein the power generation system is used for cooling. 7. A fluid containing a gas discharged from the gas generating means and a fluid containing oxygen or a compound composed of a carbon atom or a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom as a main component in the combustion means or The power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the power is mixed before being supplied to the combustion means. 8. The power generation system according to claim 1, wherein said carbon dioxide recovery means liquefies steam to decompose it into gas and liquid. 9. A method in which a fluid discharged from the combustor and supplied to the carbon dioxide recovery means is cooled using liquefied liquid oxygen, liquefied carbon dioxide, or heat of vaporization of the fuel or water. The power generation system according to claim 8, wherein: 10. The power generation system according to claim 1, wherein said power generation means includes at least one of a gas turbine and a steam turbine. 11. The power generation system according to claim 10, wherein the working fluid supplied to said steam turbine is heated by the heat of the fluid discharged from said combustion means. 12. The power generation system according to claim 1, wherein water or steam is supplied to at least one of said combustion means and said gas generation means. 13. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of water or steam recovered from said carbon dioxide recovery means is supplied to at least one of said combustion means and said gas generation means. Power generation system. 14. The power generator according to claim 13, wherein said gas generating means reforms, decomposes or gasifies the supplied fuel by using heat of a fluid discharged from said combustor. system. 15. The gas generator according to claim 13, wherein the supplied fuel is reformed, decomposed, or gasified by using heat of a fluid extracted from the gas turbine or the steam turbine. The described power generation system. 16. The power generation system according to claim 1, wherein said carbon dioxide recovery means supplies the recovered carbon dioxide to at least one of said gas generation means and said combustion means. 17. The power generation system according to claim 1, further comprising a compressor for compressing a fluid containing carbon dioxide. 18. The power generation system according to claim 17, wherein said compressor supplies the discharged fluid to at least one of said combustion means and said gas generation means. 19. The power generation system according to claim 1, wherein said carbon dioxide recovery means is provided with a carbon dioxide liquefaction unit for liquefying a fluid containing carbon dioxide to be discharged. 20. The power generation system according to claim 19, further comprising carbon dioxide storage means for storing carbon dioxide liquefied by said carbon dioxide liquefaction unit. 21. The fluid discharged from the combustor and supplied to the carbon dioxide recovery means is cooled using liquefied liquid oxygen, liquefied carbon dioxide, or heat of vaporization of the fuel or water. The power generation system according to claim 19, wherein: 22. A gas flow controller for controlling the flow rate of a fluid containing gas discharged from the gas generating means while being supplied to the combustion means, and the oxygen or oxygen supplied to the combustion means. An oxygen flow rate control unit that controls an oxygen flow rate contained in a fluid containing a compound composed of carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, or oxygen atoms as a main component; an oxygen flow rate or a fuel according to the flow rate of the fluid containing the gas or the oxygen flow rate The power generation system according to claim 1, further comprising: control means for supplying a flow rate. 23. wherein, a fluid containing the gas, if C _x H _y O _z, the flow rate of the oxygen, (4 _x
+1 _y -2 _z ) / 4 (where x, y, and x) are controlled.
z is an integer. The power generation system according to claim 22, wherein: 24. Combustion means for supplying and burning a fluid containing at least hydrogen and a fluid containing oxygen or a compound containing a carbon atom or a hydrogen atom and an oxygen atom as a main component; A power generation system comprising: a power generation unit that generates electric power using a fluid to be generated; and a carbon dioxide recovery unit that recovers at least a part of carbon dioxide from a fluid sent from the power generation unit. 25. The power generation system according to claim 24, wherein said carbon dioxide recovery means liquefies steam to decompose it into gas and liquid. 26. The power generation system according to claim 24, wherein said carbon dioxide recovery means is provided with a carbon dioxide liquefaction unit for liquefying a fluid containing carbon dioxide to be discharged. 27. The power generation system according to claim 26, further comprising carbon dioxide storage means for storing carbon dioxide liquefied by said carbon dioxide recovery means.