JPH1162591A - Combustion chamber of direct injection type diesel engine - Google Patents

Combustion chamber of direct injection type diesel engine

Info

Publication number
JPH1162591A
JPH1162591A JP9232890A JP23289097A JPH1162591A JP H1162591 A JPH1162591 A JP H1162591A JP 9232890 A JP9232890 A JP 9232890A JP 23289097 A JP23289097 A JP 23289097A JP H1162591 A JPH1162591 A JP H1162591A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
fuel
center
diesel engine
fuel injection
cavity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP9232890A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Naoya Ishikawa
直也 石川
Rou Chiyou
瓏 張
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Isuzu Motors Ltd
Original Assignee
Isuzu Motors Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Isuzu Motors Ltd filed Critical Isuzu Motors Ltd
Priority to JP9232890A priority Critical patent/JPH1162591A/en
Publication of JPH1162591A publication Critical patent/JPH1162591A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0645Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
    • F02B23/0648Means or methods to improve the spray dispersion, evaporation or ignition
    • F02B23/0651Means or methods to improve the spray dispersion, evaporation or ignition the fuel spray impinging on reflecting surfaces or being specially guided throughout the combustion space
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0672Omega-piston bowl, i.e. the combustion space having a central projection pointing towards the cylinder head and the surrounding wall being inclined towards the cylinder center axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24Cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/244Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads
    • F02F2001/247Arrangement of valve stems in cylinder heads the valve stems being orientated in parallel with the cylinder axis
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To promote mixing of fuel and air to improve combustibility by providing a projecting part dispersing fuel on the center of a cavity dish-likely recessedly provided on the top face of a piston, forming the upper end face into a plurality of scaly divided faces arranged around the center part, and forming the respective divided faces into slopes. SOLUTION: The piston of this direct injection type diesel engine is provided with a cavity (combustion chamber) dish-likely recessedly formed on the top part, and a projecting part (collision part) 10 is projectingly provided in the territory of the nearly center part of the cavity. The upper end face 11 of the projecting part 10 is formed with a plurality of scaly divided faces 11i (11a-11d) adjacently arranged in the circumferential direction so as to be radial around the center part 0, and the respective divided faces 11i are formed into slanted faces against the perpendicular plane to the center direction C of fuel injection. A fuel injection nozzle is arranged on the position opposed to the projecting part 10, and fuel injection F is directed to the center part 0 of the upper end face 11 of the projecting part 10. Hereby uniformalization of air and fuel is promoted.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、直接噴射式ディー
ゼルエンジンにおいて、噴射燃料をキャビティ(燃焼
室)内に設けた上端面に衝突させて燃料を拡散させるこ
とにより、噴霧燃料の微粒化を図る直接噴射式ディーゼ
ルエンジンの燃焼室に関するものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a direct-injection diesel engine, in which injected fuel collides with an upper end surface provided in a cavity (combustion chamber) to diffuse the fuel, thereby atomizing the sprayed fuel. The present invention relates to a combustion chamber of a direct injection diesel engine.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】ディーゼルエンジンの燃焼室方式は大別
すると、直接噴射式と間接噴射式(副室式)とになる
が、燃費の良い直接噴射式ディーゼルエンジンの燃焼室
においては、図5に示すように、皿状に凹んだキャビテ
ィ3が、ピストン1の頂部2に設けられ、燃料Fは燃料
噴射ノズル20から直接このキャビティ3の凹部空間内に
噴射される。
2. Description of the Related Art Diesel engine combustion chamber systems are roughly classified into a direct injection type and an indirect injection type (subchamber type). As shown, a dish-shaped concave cavity 3 is provided at the top 2 of the piston 1, and fuel F is injected directly from the fuel injection nozzle 20 into the concave space of the cavity 3.

【0003】直接噴射式ディーゼルエンジンでは、燃料
と空気の混合は、主に燃料噴霧自身の拡散能力によって
行われ、燃料と空気の混合の不均一性の問題、又は、噴
霧と燃焼室壁面との衝突による付着燃料の問題で、着火
後の燃焼は完全に行われず、HC,すすの発生原因とな
り、応用上の阻害となっている。そのため、このキャビ
ティ内に噴射される燃料は、できるだけ均一な混合気に
する必要があり、その一つの方法として、図5に示すよ
うに、キャビティ3内に燃料衝突台(突起部)10を設け
て、この燃料衝突台10の上端面11に噴射燃料Fを衝突さ
せることにより、拡散させて噴霧燃料の微粒化を図る、
いわゆるOSKA(直噴式衝突拡散層状吸気)式燃焼室
がよく知られている。
[0003] In a direct injection diesel engine, the mixing of fuel and air is mainly performed by the diffusion capability of the fuel spray itself, and the problem of non-uniformity of the mixing of fuel and air or the difference between the spray and the combustion chamber wall surface. Due to the problem of fuel attached due to collision, combustion after ignition is not completely performed, causing HC and soot to be generated, which hinders application. Therefore, it is necessary to make the fuel injected into the cavity as uniform as possible. One of the methods is to provide a fuel collision table (projection) 10 in the cavity 3 as shown in FIG. Then, by causing the injected fuel F to collide with the upper end surface 11 of the fuel collision table 10, the fuel is diffused to atomize the sprayed fuel.
The so-called OSKA (direct injection collision diffusion stratified intake) combustion chamber is well known.

【0004】この燃料衝突台10の上端面11が、図6に示
すように単一の平坦面で形成されている場合には、衝突
した燃料Fは矢印fで示すように薄く拡がり、図7のハ
ッチング部分Frで示すような円盤状噴霧群Frとなる
ので、この円盤状噴霧群Fr内への空気の巻き込みが矢
印sで示すように、上側と下側とからしか行われず、混
合が不十分となる。
When the upper end surface 11 of the fuel collision table 10 is formed as a single flat surface as shown in FIG. 6, the colliding fuel F spreads thinly as shown by an arrow f, and FIG. As shown by the hatched portion Fr, the disk-shaped spray group Fr is formed, so that the air is entrapped into the disk-shaped spray group Fr only from the upper side and the lower side as shown by the arrow s, and mixing is not possible. Will be enough.

【0005】このことを考慮して、上端面の形状を工夫
して噴霧燃料の拡散を一層促進させる装置が特開昭62
−139921号公報、実開平1−111135号公報
等で提案されている。
In consideration of this, an apparatus for further promoting the diffusion of the spray fuel by devising the shape of the upper end surface is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No.
No. 139921 and Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open Publication No. 1-111135.

【0006】[0006]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】特開昭62−1399
21号公報に記載の装置は、後述するスワール流(旋回
乱流)に依存しない燃焼を狙って、燃料衝突部に球面状
の凹部を設け、この球面状の凹部に多角面を形成して、
この球面状の凹部に燃料を噴射して多角面で反射するこ
とにより、燃料粒子をキャビティ(燃焼室)内全域に立
体的に拡散させているが、この装置においては、球面状
の凹部に高さや傾きが異なる多角面の上端面を数多く設
ける必要があるため、この上端面の加工に手間がかかる
という問題がある。また、更に、凹面から放射される燃
料が燃料噴射ノズル側に向かうことになり、シリンダヘ
ッドへの付着が発生して、キャビティ全域に行き渡り難
いので、空気と燃料との混合が不均一になるという問題
がある。
Problems to be Solved by the Invention JP-A-62-1399
The apparatus described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 21-A-2001 provides a spherical concave portion in a fuel collision portion and forms a polygonal surface in the spherical concave portion, aiming at combustion that does not depend on a swirl flow (swirl turbulent flow) described later.
By injecting fuel into the spherical concave portion and reflecting it on a polygonal surface, the fuel particles are three-dimensionally diffused throughout the cavity (combustion chamber). Since it is necessary to provide many upper end surfaces of polygonal surfaces having different pods and inclinations, there is a problem that it takes time to process the upper end surface. Further, the fuel radiated from the concave surface goes to the fuel injection nozzle side, and adheres to the cylinder head, and it is difficult to spread over the entire cavity, so that the mixing of air and fuel becomes uneven. There's a problem.

【0007】また、実開平1−111135号公報に記
載の装置は、点火補助装置の近傍に点火し易い混合気を
発生するために、衝突部をそれぞれ凹面状、凸面状、傾
斜一平面、折れ曲がりの二平面等で形成したり、更に
は、燃料衝突部に噴霧燃料のガイドとなる外径方向に傾
斜した切欠を複数直線的に放射状に形成したりしている
が、この装置においては、いずれも衝突部で反射した燃
料は、シリンダヘッド側またはキャビティの底部に向か
って放射されることになるので、燃料がシリンダヘッド
やキャビティの底部に付着し易く、炭化水素(HC)や
スモークが発生し易い、また、キャビティ全域での空気
との混合が不十分になるという問題がある。
Further, in the device described in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open Publication No. 1-111135, in order to generate an air-fuel mixture which is easy to ignite near the ignition assist device, the collision portions are concave, convex, inclined plane, bent, respectively. Or two or more notches, and furthermore, a plurality of notches inclined in the outer diameter direction serving as a guide for the sprayed fuel are formed radially linearly at the fuel collision portion, but in this device, Since the fuel reflected at the collision portion is radiated toward the cylinder head or the bottom of the cavity, the fuel easily adheres to the cylinder head or the bottom of the cavity, generating hydrocarbons (HC) and smoke. There is a problem that mixing with air is insufficient in the entire cavity.

【0008】また、一方で、直接噴射式ディーゼルエン
ジンの燃焼を良くするために、キャビティ内に入る空気
流を旋回させてスワール流(旋回乱流)を発生させて、
この旋回渦巻き乱流によって空気と燃料の混合を促進さ
せる方法がある。このスワール流の発生方法には、吸入
ポートを捩じる方法、シリンダー内に旋回を誘導する壁
を設ける方法や吸入ポート内にスワールコントロールバ
ルブを設けて、バルブの操作によりスワール流を発生さ
せる方法などがある。
On the other hand, in order to improve the combustion of the direct injection type diesel engine, the air flow entering the cavity is swirled to generate a swirl flow (swirl turbulent flow).
There is a method of promoting mixing of air and fuel by the swirling turbulent flow. This swirl flow can be generated by twisting the suction port, by providing a wall for guiding swirling in the cylinder, or by providing a swirl control valve in the suction port, and generating a swirl flow by operating the valve. and so on.

【0009】しかしながら、上述したいずれの装置にお
いても、このスワール流を考慮せずに、即ち、このスワ
ール流に噴霧燃料を効果的に衝突させることにより空気
と燃料の混合を促進する効果を狙わずに、単に燃料噴霧
を燃焼衝突部に衝突させて拡散しているだけであるの
で、空気との混合が不十分であるという問題がある。本
発明は、上述の問題を解決するためになされたものであ
り、その目的は、OSKA方式によるディーゼルエンジ
ンの燃焼室において、キャビティ内に設けた突起部の比
較的単純な形状の上端面に噴射燃料を衝突させて噴射燃
料を広い範囲の空気流中に拡散放射することにより、燃
料と空気との混合を促進して燃焼を改善することができ
て、この燃焼改善により排気ガス中のスモークを減少で
き、また、燃費も向上できる直接噴射式ディーゼルエン
ジンの燃焼室を提供することにある。
However, in any of the above-described devices, the effect of promoting the mixing of air and fuel without considering the swirl flow, that is, by effectively causing the spray fuel to collide with the swirl flow, is not aimed at. In addition, since the fuel spray is merely caused to collide with the combustion collision portion and diffused, there is a problem that mixing with air is insufficient. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problem, and an object of the present invention is to inject a relatively simple shape of an upper end surface of a projection provided in a cavity in a combustion chamber of a diesel engine based on the OSKA system. By colliding the fuel and diffusing and radiating the injected fuel into a wide range of airflow, the mixing of fuel and air can be promoted to improve combustion, and the improved combustion reduces smoke in exhaust gas. It is an object of the present invention to provide a combustion chamber of a direct injection diesel engine that can reduce fuel consumption and improve fuel economy.

【0010】[0010]

【課題を解決するための手段】以上のような目的を達成
するための直接噴射式ディーゼルエンジンの燃焼室は、
直接噴射式ディーゼルエンジンのピストンの頂面を皿状
に凹ませて形成したキャビティの中心を盛り上げて燃料
を分散する突起部を設け、該突起部の上端面燃料衝突面
の中心部に燃料噴射を指向させて燃料噴射ノズルを設け
ると共に、前記上端面を前記中心部回りに配置した鱗片
状の複数の分割面で形成し、更に、該分割面を燃料噴射
中心方向に垂直な線を含み、かつ、燃料噴射中心方向に
垂直な面に対して傾斜した面で形成したもので、噴霧燃
料を前記垂直面に対して傾斜させた燃料噴射中心方向
に、即ち、キャビティの深さ方向に厚みを持つ燃料噴霧
群にして反射できる。また、この傾斜して重畳する燃料
噴霧群を燃料噴射中心方向に対して略垂直方向に拡散放
射して空気流に衝突させることができる。
In order to achieve the above object, a combustion chamber of a direct injection diesel engine is provided with:
A direct injection diesel engine is provided with a projection that disperses fuel by raising the center of a cavity formed by denting the top surface of a piston into a dish, and injects fuel into the center of a fuel collision surface on the upper end surface of the projection. Along with providing the fuel injection nozzle to be oriented, the upper end surface is formed by a plurality of scale-like divided surfaces arranged around the center portion, and further includes a line perpendicular to the fuel injection center direction, and , Formed in a plane inclined with respect to a plane perpendicular to the fuel injection center direction, and having a thickness in the fuel injection center direction inclined with respect to the vertical plane, that is, in the depth direction of the cavity. It can be reflected as a fuel spray group. Further, the fuel spray group that is superimposed and inclined can be diffused and radiated in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the center of fuel injection to collide with the air flow.

【0011】従って、噴霧群として空気に衝突し拡散で
きるため、反射燃料噴霧群の表面積が増加して空気と燃
料の接触部分が広くなると共に、噴霧群の衝突により空
気流の乱れを促進し両者の混合を十分なものとする。し
かも、燃料衝突面がシリンダヘッド方向や燃焼室の外径
方向へ直接に向いてないので、衝突後の燃料がダイレク
トに、シリンダヘッドやキャビティの底壁に向かうこと
がなく、キャビティ内の全域に放射できる。
Therefore, the spray group can collide with the air and diffuse, so that the surface area of the reflected fuel group increases and the contact area between the air and the fuel becomes wide, and the turbulence of the air flow is promoted by the collision of the spray group. To ensure sufficient mixing. In addition, since the fuel collision surface does not face directly to the cylinder head direction or the outer diameter direction of the combustion chamber, the fuel after the collision does not go directly to the cylinder head or the bottom wall of the cavity, but to the whole area in the cavity. Can radiate.

【0012】つまり、衝突部に周期的に段差を付けるこ
とで反射燃料を傾斜して重畳する噴霧群にして、空気と
の接触表面積を増加させて、この反射噴霧流中への周辺
空気の導入量を増加させて混合を促進及び均等化して、
燃焼を改善して黒煙の排出量を減らすことができる。ま
た、吸気を旋回してシリンダ内に供給する直接噴射式デ
ィーゼルエンジンにおいて、ピストンの頂面を皿状に凹
ませて形成したキャビティの中心を盛り上げて燃料を分
散する突起部を設け、該突起部の上端面の中心部に燃料
噴射を指向させて燃料噴射ノズルを設けると共に、前記
上端面を前記中心部回りに配置した鱗片状の複数の分割
面で形成し、更に、該分割面を燃料噴射中心方向に垂直
な線を含み、かつ、燃料噴射中心方向に垂直な面に対し
て傾斜した面で形成することにより、衝突による反射燃
料噴霧群にスワール流れの作用面を拡げることで、燃料
と空気との混合を著しく促進でき、また、空気旋回流の
乱流化も促進できる。
In other words, by periodically providing a step in the collision portion, a group of sprays in which the reflected fuel is inclined and overlapped to increase the surface area in contact with air to introduce the surrounding air into the reflected spray flow. To increase and promote mixing and equalization,
Improve combustion and reduce black smoke emissions. Further, in a direct injection type diesel engine in which the intake air is swirled and supplied into the cylinder, a projection for dispersing fuel by raising the center of a cavity formed by recessing the top surface of the piston into a dish shape is provided. A fuel injection nozzle is provided at the center of the upper end surface of the fuel injection nozzle to direct fuel injection, and the upper end surface is formed by a plurality of scale-like divided surfaces arranged around the center portion. By including a line perpendicular to the center direction and forming a surface inclined with respect to a surface perpendicular to the center direction of fuel injection, the action surface of swirl flow is expanded to the reflected fuel spray group due to collision, Mixing with air can be remarkably promoted, and turbulence of the swirling air flow can be promoted.

【0013】更に、隣接する前記分割面の間の境界面
を、前記中心部を中心とする渦巻き状に形成することに
より、スワール流れによって曲げる反射燃料の流れに沿
った形状にすることができ、反射燃料の流れを円滑にす
ることができ、反射燃料の勢いを減少することなくキャ
ビティ内に拡散できる。その上、前記分割面を、燃料噴
射中心方向に段差を設けて隣接配置することにより、衝
突後の燃料を燃料噴射中心方向、即ちキャビティの深さ
方向に更に深く拡散させることができるので、より空気
と燃料の混合を促進することができる。
[0013] Further, by forming a boundary surface between the adjacent divided surfaces into a spiral shape centered on the central portion, the boundary surface can be shaped along the flow of the reflected fuel bent by the swirl flow, The flow of the reflected fuel can be smooth and can be diffused into the cavity without reducing the momentum of the reflected fuel. In addition, by arranging the divided surfaces adjacent to each other with a step in the direction of the center of fuel injection, the fuel after collision can be further diffused in the direction of the center of fuel injection, that is, in the depth direction of the cavity. Mixing of air and fuel can be promoted.

【0014】この鱗片状の分割面は、燃料噴射中心方向
に垂直な面に対して傾斜して設けられるが、この傾斜面
は、燃料噴射中心方向に垂直な線を含む傾斜平坦面で形
成したり、燃料噴射中心方向に垂直な線が周回するに連
れて、この線の先端側が燃焼室底部側に下降して得られ
る螺旋面等の曲面で形成する。また、分割面の数は2以
上であればよく、特に限定されない。
The scaly division surface is provided to be inclined with respect to a plane perpendicular to the fuel injection center direction, and the inclined surface is formed by an inclined flat surface including a line perpendicular to the fuel injection center direction. Alternatively, as the line perpendicular to the center of fuel injection goes around, the front end of this line is formed by a curved surface such as a spiral surface obtained by descending to the bottom side of the combustion chamber. In addition, the number of divided surfaces may be two or more, and is not particularly limited.

【0015】そして、好ましくは、燃料噴射ノズルの噴
孔の数と分割面の数を同じとし、各噴孔の向きを各分割
面に指向させて、噴射燃料がより正確に各分割面に衝突
して、より効率的に拡散するように構成する。
Preferably, the number of injection holes of the fuel injection nozzle and the number of division surfaces are the same, and the direction of each injection hole is directed to each division surface, so that the injected fuel collides with each division surface more accurately. Then, it is configured to spread more efficiently.

【0016】[0016]

【発明の実施の形態】以下、図面を用いて、本発明に係
る直接噴射式ディーゼルエンジンの燃焼室の実施の形態
を説明する。本発明に係る実施の形態の直接噴射式ディ
ーゼルエンジンは、図5に示すように、皿状に凹ませて
形成したキャビティ(燃焼室)3が、ピストン1の頂部
2に設けられ、このキャビティ3の略中心部を領域に盛
り上げて突起部(衝突部)10を設ける。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of a combustion chamber of a direct injection diesel engine according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the direct injection diesel engine according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 5, a cavity (combustion chamber) 3 formed in a dish shape is provided at the top 2 of the piston 1, and the cavity 3 The projection (collision part) 10 is provided by raising substantially the center of the area to the area.

【0017】また、燃料噴射ノズル20を突起部10に対向
する位置に配置し、突起部10の上端面11の中心部Oに燃
料噴射Fを指向させる。そして、この突起部10の上端面
11をその中心部O回りに、放射状になるように周方向に
隣接配置された複数の鱗片状の分割面11a,11b,11
c,11d(以下11iと記す)で構成し、この各分割面11
iを燃料噴射中心方向Cに垂直な面Hに対して傾斜した
面で形成する。この傾斜面は、燃料噴射中心方向に垂直
な線が周回するに連れて、この線の先端側が燃焼室底部
側に下降して得られる螺旋面で形成されている。即ち、
中心部Oを要とした扇状の傾斜した分割面11iを隣接配
置して、一周することにより、上端面11を形成する。
Further, the fuel injection nozzle 20 is arranged at a position facing the projection 10, and the fuel injection F is directed to the center O of the upper end surface 11 of the projection 10. And the upper end surface of this projection 10
A plurality of scale-like divided surfaces 11a, 11b, 11 that are arranged radially adjacent to each other around the center O around the center O thereof.
c, 11d (hereinafter referred to as 11i).
i is formed as a plane inclined with respect to a plane H perpendicular to the fuel injection center direction C. The inclined surface is formed as a spiral surface obtained by lowering the tip side of the line toward the bottom of the combustion chamber as the line perpendicular to the fuel injection center direction rotates. That is,
The upper end surface 11 is formed by arranging a fan-shaped inclined divided surface 11i having a central portion O adjacent thereto and making a round.

【0018】そして、図1に示すように、隣接する分割
面11iの間に形成される境界面12a,12b,12c,12d
(以下12iと記す)を、燃料噴射中心方向軸Cを中心と
する放射状に形成する。または、第2の実施の形態とし
て図2に示すように、この境界面12iを、中心部Oを中
心とする渦巻き状に、即ち、燃料噴射中心方向軸Cを中
心とする渦巻き状に放射する形状に形成する。
Then, as shown in FIG. 1, boundary surfaces 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d formed between adjacent divided surfaces 11i.
(Hereinafter referred to as 12i) is formed radially around the fuel injection center axis C. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 2 as the second embodiment, this boundary surface 12i is radiated in a spiral around the central portion O, that is, in a spiral around the fuel injection central direction axis C. Form into shape.

【0019】或いは、図3に示す第3の実施の形態とし
て、分割面11iを燃料噴射中心方向軸Cに沿った方向に
段差Dを付けて離間させて隣接配置して上端面11を形成
する。また、以上の実施の形態ではいずれも、分割面11
iを4面として説明したが、この分割面11iの数は2つ
でも3つでも5つでもよく、特に限定しないが、燃料噴
射ノズルの噴孔の数と同じとし、各噴孔の向きを各分割
面に指向させて構成すると、噴射燃料がより正確に各分
割面に衝突して、より効率的に拡散するのでより好まし
い。
Alternatively, as the third embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the upper end face 11 is formed by arranging the divided faces 11i so as to be separated from each other with a step D in the direction along the fuel injection center axis C to form the upper end face 11. . In each of the above embodiments, the dividing surface 11
Although i has been described as having four surfaces, the number of the divided surfaces 11i may be two, three, or five, and is not particularly limited. It is more preferable to direct the fuel to each divided surface because the injected fuel collides with each divided surface more accurately and diffuses more efficiently.

【0020】また、図示しない、吸入ポートを捩じる方
法、シリンダー内に旋回を誘導する壁を設ける方法や吸
入ポート内にスワールコントロールバルブを設けて、バ
ルブの操作によりスワール流を発生させる方法等の周知
の方法により、キャビティ3内に入る空気流を旋回させ
てスワール流(旋回乱流)Sを発生させている直噴式デ
ィーゼルエンジンに対しても上記と同様のキャビティ3
を形成する。
Also, not shown, a method of twisting the suction port, a method of providing a wall for guiding rotation in the cylinder, a method of providing a swirl control valve in the suction port, and generating a swirl flow by operating the valve, etc. In a direct injection type diesel engine in which a swirl flow (swirl turbulent flow) S is generated by swirling an air flow entering the cavity 3, the same cavity 3 as described above is used.
To form

【0021】そして、図4に示すように、このスワール
流Sに、ピストン行程と燃料噴射のタイミングを考慮し
て、全体として効率よく、突起部10から拡散放射される
燃料噴霧Fa,Fb,Fc,Fd(以下Fiと記す)が
衝突するように、突起部10の突出量を調整して、衝突面
である上端面11を形成する。以上の構成によれば、燃料
噴射ノズル20からキャビティ3の凹部空間内に燃料Fが
噴射された時に、図1に示すように、噴霧燃料Fは、突
起部10の分割面11iに衝突し、その大部分は燃料噴射中
心方向軸Cから分割面11iに沿って外周方向に放射され
る。この時に、分割面11iが、傾斜面で形成されている
ので、図4(a)に示す各点Pa,Pb,Pc,Pd,
Peでは、図4(b)に示すように、角度θa,θb,
θc,θd,θeを持って,燃料噴射中心方向軸Cに沿
った方向、即ちキャビティ3の深さ方向にも拡散する。
As shown in FIG. 4, the fuel sprays Fa, Fb, Fc diffused and radiated from the projection 10 as a whole are efficiently added to the swirl flow S in consideration of the piston stroke and the timing of fuel injection. , Fd (hereinafter referred to as Fi) collides with each other to form an upper end surface 11 which is a collision surface by adjusting the amount of protrusion of the projection 10. According to the above configuration, when the fuel F is injected from the fuel injection nozzle 20 into the concave space of the cavity 3, as shown in FIG. 1, the spray fuel F collides with the dividing surface 11 i of the projection 10, Most of the radiation is radiated from the fuel injection center direction axis C to the outer peripheral direction along the division surface 11i. At this time, since the division surface 11i is formed by an inclined surface, each point Pa, Pb, Pc, Pd, and Pd shown in FIG.
In Pe, as shown in FIG. 4B, the angles θa, θb,
With θc, θd, and θe, diffusion also occurs in the direction along the fuel injection center axis C, that is, in the depth direction of the cavity 3.

【0022】また、燃料Fの一部は隣接する分割面11i
の間に形成される境界面12iからもキャビティ3の深さ
方向に厚みを持って拡散放射する。この突起部10で拡散
反射された燃料fが合体して形成される燃料噴霧群F
a,Fb,Fc,Fd(以下Fiと記す)は、燃料fが
角度0(=θa)〜θeの範囲に放射されるため、その
放射主流方向が噴射中心方向軸Cに略垂直な方向にな
り、燃料がダイレクトに、シリンダヘッド側やキャビテ
ィ3の底壁に向かうことがなく、キャビティ3内に拡散
するので、効率よくキャビティ3内での空気との混合を
促進できる。
A part of the fuel F is supplied to the adjacent divided surface 11i.
The boundary surface 12i formed between them also diffuses and radiates with a thickness in the depth direction of the cavity 3. A fuel spray group F formed by uniting the fuel f diffusely reflected by the projection 10
Since a, Fb, Fc, and Fd (hereinafter, referred to as Fi) are such that the fuel f is radiated in the range of the angle 0 (= θa) to θe, the radiant main flow direction is substantially perpendicular to the injection center direction axis C. In other words, since the fuel is diffused into the cavity 3 without going directly to the cylinder head side or the bottom wall of the cavity 3, the mixing with the air in the cavity 3 can be efficiently promoted.

【0023】この傾斜面の最大角度θeはエンジンのキ
ャビティ3の形状にもよるが、3度〜20度、好ましく
は、5度〜10度とする。しかも、燃料噴霧Fiは図7
に示すような連続した円盤状の燃料分布Frにはなら
ず、図4に示すように分割面11iの数に対応した数の、
傾斜して重畳する燃料噴霧群Fiになるので、空気との
接触面が著しく拡大し、空気との混合を著しく促進でき
る。
The maximum angle θe of the inclined surface depends on the shape of the cavity 3 of the engine, but is 3 to 20 degrees, preferably 5 to 10 degrees. Moreover, the fuel spray Fi is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 4, the fuel distribution does not have a continuous disk-shaped fuel distribution Fr, but as shown in FIG.
Since the fuel spray groups Fi are superimposed in an inclined manner, the contact surface with the air is significantly enlarged, and the mixing with the air can be remarkably promoted.

【0024】また、キャビティ3内にスワール流Sを発
生しているエンジンの場合には、このスワール流Sに、
燃料噴霧群Fiを衝突させることができるので、スワー
ル流Sの空気は順次これらの燃料噴霧群Fa,Fb,F
c,Fdと衝突することになり、乱流化が更に進むと共
に、燃料噴霧群Fiの全周が空気と接触して混合するの
で、燃料と空気の均一化を著しく促進できる。
In the case of an engine that generates a swirl flow S in the cavity 3, the swirl flow S
Since the fuel spray groups Fi can collide with each other, the air of the swirl flow S sequentially flows through the fuel spray groups Fa, Fb, and F.
Since the fuel collides with c and Fd, the turbulence further progresses, and the entire circumference of the fuel spray group Fi comes into contact with and mixes with air, so that the uniformization of fuel and air can be remarkably promoted.

【0025】また、突起部10の衝突面11を傾斜面である
分割面11iで構成することにより、衝突面11に凹凸がで
きるので、この面上を旋回するスワール流Sの乱流化を
促進する効果を期待でき、さらに、燃料と空気の混合を
良好にすることができる。また、図2に示す第2の実施
の形態によれば、境界面12iを渦巻き状に形成している
ので、スワール流Sによって、燃料が旋回方向の速度を
持った場合でも、この流れを阻害することなく、より円
滑に分散放射することができる。
Further, since the collision surface 11 of the projection 10 is constituted by the divided surface 11i which is an inclined surface, the collision surface 11 has irregularities, so that the swirl flow S rotating on this surface is made turbulent. And the mixing of fuel and air can be improved. Further, according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, since the boundary surface 12i is formed in a spiral shape, the swirl flow S inhibits the flow even if the fuel has a speed in the swirling direction. Without dispersing, it is possible to disperse and radiate more smoothly.

【0026】また、図3に示す第3の実施の形態によれ
ば、突起部10に段差Dを設け分割面11iを形成し、隣接
配置したので、衝突後の燃料fを、キャビティ3の深さ
方向により広く拡散させることができ、更に、空気との
混合を促進できる。従って、OSKA方式によるディー
ゼルエンジンにおいて、キャビティ3の中央に突設した
突起部10の比較的単純な形状の上端面11で噴射燃料を反
射することにより、燃料と空気との接触を拡大でき、両
者の混合をより促進して、燃料と空気の混合の均一化を
図ることができる。その結果、燃焼を改善することがで
きて、低スモーク燃焼でしかも燃費の良いエンジンを得
ることができる。
Further, according to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 3, since the step D is formed on the projection 10 to form the divided surface 11i and the divided surface 11i is disposed adjacent to the projection 10, the fuel f after the collision is transferred to the cavity 3 at the depth. Can be more widely diffused in the vertical direction, and can further promote mixing with air. Therefore, in the diesel engine of the OSKA system, the contact between the fuel and the air can be expanded by reflecting the injected fuel by the relatively simple upper end surface 11 of the projection 10 protruding from the center of the cavity 3. And the mixing of fuel and air can be made more uniform. As a result, combustion can be improved, and an engine with low smoke combustion and good fuel efficiency can be obtained.

【0027】また、キャビティ3内にスワール流Sがあ
る場合には、このスワール流Sと噴霧群Fiとを効率よ
く衝突させることができるために、この衝突により空気
流の乱れを促進する共に、大量の空気をこの噴霧群Fi
に衝突させて、巻き込むことにより、混合を著しく促進
できるという効果を奏することができる。その上、上端
面11を燃料噴射中心方向を軸とする傾斜面で形成したの
で、上端面11は比較的簡単に加工できる。
When the swirl flow S is present in the cavity 3, the swirl flow S and the spray group Fi can be efficiently collided with each other. A large amount of air is sprayed into this spray group Fi
By colliding with and entangled with the surface, the effect that mixing can be remarkably promoted can be achieved. In addition, since the upper end surface 11 is formed as an inclined surface with the fuel injection center direction as an axis, the upper end surface 11 can be processed relatively easily.

【0028】[0028]

【発明の効果】以上の説明したように、本発明によれ
ば、OSKA方式によるディーゼルエンジンの燃焼室に
おいて、キャビティの中央に突設した突起部の上端面を
前記衝突中心部回りに配置した鱗片状の複数の分割面で
構成し、該分割面を燃料噴射中心方向に垂直な線を含
み、かつ、燃料噴射中心方向に垂直な面に対して傾斜し
た面で形成することにより、噴霧燃料をキャビティの深
さ方向にも分散させて放射でき、更に分割面数の傾斜し
て重畳する燃料噴霧群にして、空気と燃料の接触部分を
広くして、空気流に衝突させることができるので、空気
流の乱れを促進して、燃料との混合を著しく促進でき
る。
As described above, according to the present invention, in the combustion chamber of a diesel engine of the OSKA system, the scale having the upper end surface of the projection projecting from the center of the cavity disposed around the collision center. By forming a plurality of divided surfaces in a shape including a line perpendicular to the fuel injection center direction, and forming a surface inclined with respect to a surface perpendicular to the fuel injection center direction, the spray fuel is formed. Since it is possible to radiate in the depth direction of the cavity and radiate it, and furthermore, to make the fuel spray group that overlaps with the number of divided surfaces inclined, the contact portion between air and fuel can be widened and collided with the air flow, The turbulence of the air flow can be promoted, and the mixing with the fuel can be significantly promoted.

【0029】従って、比較的単純で加工し易い上端面を
形成することによって、燃焼を改善することができ、低
スモーク燃焼を実現し、その結果、燃費を向上すること
ができる。また、隣接する前記分割面の間の境界面を、
前記衝突中心部を中心とする渦巻き状に形成することに
より、スワール流れによって曲げる反射燃料の流れを円
滑にして、反射燃料の流れの勢いを減少することなくキ
ャビティ内に放射することができ、混合を良好に行うこ
とができる。
Therefore, by forming the upper end surface which is relatively simple and easy to process, combustion can be improved, low smoke combustion can be realized, and as a result, fuel efficiency can be improved. Further, a boundary surface between the adjacent divided surfaces is defined as:
By forming a spiral shape around the collision center, the flow of the reflected fuel bent by the swirl flow can be made smooth, and the reflected fuel can be radiated into the cavity without reducing the momentum of the flow. Can be performed favorably.

【0030】更に、上端面を段差を設けた分割面で形成
することにより、衝突後の燃料を燃料噴射中心方向に、
即ちキャビティの深さ方向に、更に深く拡散させること
ができるので、より空気と燃料の混合を促進することが
できる。
Further, by forming the upper end surface with a divided surface provided with a step, the fuel after collision can be displaced in the fuel injection center direction.
That is, since the gas can be further diffused in the depth direction of the cavity, the mixing of the air and the fuel can be further promoted.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明に係る第1の実施の形態の直接噴射式デ
ィーゼルエンジンの燃焼室の突起部を示す斜視図であ
る。
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a protrusion of a combustion chamber of a direct injection diesel engine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

【図2】本発明に係る第2の実施の形態の直接噴射式デ
ィーゼルエンジンの燃焼室の突起部を示す斜視図であ
る。
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a protrusion of a combustion chamber of a direct injection diesel engine according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

【図3】本発明に係る第3の実施の形態の直接噴射式デ
ィーゼルエンジンの燃焼室の突起部を示す図で、(a)
は斜視図であり、(b)はX方向から見た側面図であ
る。
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a protrusion of a combustion chamber of a direct injection diesel engine according to a third embodiment of the present invention, and (a).
Is a perspective view, and (b) is a side view as seen from the X direction.

【図4】本発明に係る直接噴射式ディーゼルエンジンの
燃焼室の突起部の燃料反射状態を模式的に示す図で、
(a)は反射位置を示す斜視図で、(b)は各反射位置
における燃料反射方向を示す図で、(c)は噴霧群を示
す斜視図である。
FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a fuel reflection state of a protrusion of a combustion chamber of the direct injection diesel engine according to the present invention;
(A) is a perspective view showing a reflection position, (b) is a diagram showing a fuel reflection direction at each reflection position, and (c) is a perspective view showing a spray group.

【図5】直接噴射式ディーゼルエンジンの燃焼室の概要
を示す側断面図である。
FIG. 5 is a side sectional view showing an outline of a combustion chamber of a direct injection diesel engine.

【図6】従来技術の直接噴射式ディーゼルエンジンの燃
焼室の突起部を示す斜視図である。
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a protrusion of a combustion chamber of a conventional direct injection diesel engine.

【図7】図6に示す突起部の燃料反射状態を模式的に示
す斜視図である。
FIG. 7 is a perspective view schematically showing a fuel reflection state of a protrusion shown in FIG. 6;

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 ピストン 2 ピストンの頂部 3 キャビティ(燃焼室) 10 突起部 11 上端面 11i,11a,11b,11c,11d 分割面 12i,12a,12b,12c,12d,13b 境界面 20 燃料噴射ノズル 21 噴孔 C 燃料噴射中心方向軸 D 段差 F 噴射燃料 H 燃料噴射中心方
向に垂直な面 O 衝突面の中央部 S スワール流 f,fa,fb,fc,fd,fe 反射燃料 Fi,Fa,Fb,Fc,Fd 燃料噴霧群
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Piston 2 Top part of piston 3 Cavity (combustion chamber) 10 Projection part 11 Upper end surface 11i, 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d Dividing surface 12i, 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 13b Boundary surface 20 Fuel injection nozzle 21 Injection hole C Fuel injection center direction axis D Step F Injected fuel H Plane perpendicular to fuel injection center direction O Central part of collision surface S Swirl flow f, fa, fb, fc, fd, fe Reflected fuel Fi, Fa, Fb, Fc, Fd Fuel spray group

Claims (4)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 直接噴射式ディーゼルエンジンのピスト
ンの頂面を皿状に凹ませて形成したキャビティの中心を
盛り上げて燃料を分散する突起部を設け、該突起部の上
端面の中心部に燃料噴射を指向させて燃料噴射ノズルを
設けると共に、前記上端面を前記中心部回りに配置した
鱗片状の複数の分割面で形成し、更に、該分割面を燃料
噴射中心方向に垂直な線を含み、かつ、燃料噴射中心方
向に垂直な面に対して傾斜した面で形成した直接噴射式
ディーゼルエンジンの燃焼室。
1. A projection for dispersing fuel by raising the center of a cavity formed by denting the top surface of a piston of a direct injection diesel engine into a dish-like shape, and distributing fuel at the center of the upper end surface of the projection. Along with providing a fuel injection nozzle for directing injection, the upper end surface is formed by a plurality of scale-like divided surfaces arranged around the central portion, and further includes a line perpendicular to the fuel injection center direction. And a combustion chamber of a direct injection diesel engine formed of a plane inclined with respect to a plane perpendicular to the center direction of the fuel injection.
【請求項2】 吸気を旋回してシリンダ内に供給する直
接噴射式ディーゼルエンジンにおいて、ピストンの頂面
を皿状に凹ませて形成したキャビティの中心を盛り上げ
て燃料を分散する突起部を設け、該突起部の上端面の中
心部に燃料噴射を指向させて燃料噴射ノズルを設けると
共に、前記上端面を前記中心部回りに配置した鱗片状の
複数の分割面で形成し、更に、該分割面を燃料噴射中心
方向に垂直な線を含み、かつ、燃料噴射中心方向に垂直
な面に対して傾斜した面で形成した直接噴射式ディーゼ
ルエンジンの燃焼室。
2. A direct-injection diesel engine in which intake air is swirled and supplied into a cylinder, wherein a projection is provided for dispersing fuel by raising a center of a cavity formed by recessing a top surface of a piston into a dish shape, A fuel injection nozzle is provided to direct fuel injection at the center of the upper end surface of the projection, and the upper end surface is formed by a plurality of scale-like divided surfaces arranged around the center. A combustion chamber of a direct injection diesel engine, comprising a line perpendicular to the fuel injection center direction and formed with a surface inclined with respect to a surface perpendicular to the fuel injection center direction.
【請求項3】 隣接する前記分割面の間の境界面を、前
記中心部を中心とする渦巻き状に形成した請求項1また
は2に記載の直接噴射式ディーゼルエンジンの燃焼室。
3. The combustion chamber of a direct injection diesel engine according to claim 1, wherein a boundary surface between the adjacent divided surfaces is formed in a spiral shape around the central portion.
【請求項4】 前記分割面を、燃料噴射中心方向に段差
を設けて隣接配置した請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の
直接噴射式ディーゼルエンジンの燃焼室。
4. The combustion chamber of a direct injection diesel engine according to claim 1, wherein said divided surfaces are arranged adjacent to each other with a step provided in a fuel injection center direction.
JP9232890A 1997-08-28 1997-08-28 Combustion chamber of direct injection type diesel engine Pending JPH1162591A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9232890A JPH1162591A (en) 1997-08-28 1997-08-28 Combustion chamber of direct injection type diesel engine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9232890A JPH1162591A (en) 1997-08-28 1997-08-28 Combustion chamber of direct injection type diesel engine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH1162591A true JPH1162591A (en) 1999-03-05

Family

ID=16946456

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP9232890A Pending JPH1162591A (en) 1997-08-28 1997-08-28 Combustion chamber of direct injection type diesel engine

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH1162591A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100392230C (en) * 2003-08-19 2008-06-04 扬动股份有限公司 IC engine piston for improving air availability
SE2050608A1 (en) * 2020-05-27 2021-11-28 Scania Cv Ab Piston, Internal Combustion Engine, and Vehicle

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100392230C (en) * 2003-08-19 2008-06-04 扬动股份有限公司 IC engine piston for improving air availability
SE2050608A1 (en) * 2020-05-27 2021-11-28 Scania Cv Ab Piston, Internal Combustion Engine, and Vehicle
WO2021242165A1 (en) * 2020-05-27 2021-12-02 Scania Cv Ab Piston, internal combustion engine, and vehicle
SE544754C2 (en) * 2020-05-27 2022-11-01 Scania Cv Ab Internal Combustion Engine comprising piston with fuel directing surfaces
US11873755B2 (en) 2020-05-27 2024-01-16 Scania Cv Ab Piston, internal combustion engine, and vehicle

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