JP3940230B2 - Combustion chamber of direct injection diesel engine - Google Patents

Combustion chamber of direct injection diesel engine Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3940230B2
JP3940230B2 JP30699298A JP30699298A JP3940230B2 JP 3940230 B2 JP3940230 B2 JP 3940230B2 JP 30699298 A JP30699298 A JP 30699298A JP 30699298 A JP30699298 A JP 30699298A JP 3940230 B2 JP3940230 B2 JP 3940230B2
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combustion chamber
spray
downward
upward
sprays
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JP2000130170A (en
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文哉 古東
均 稲葉
滋 吉川
宏司 増田
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Yanmar Co Ltd
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Yanmar Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0678—Unconventional, complex or non-rotationally symmetrical shapes of the combustion space, e.g. flower like, having special shapes related to the orientation of the fuel spray jets
    • F02B23/0693—Unconventional, complex or non-rotationally symmetrical shapes of the combustion space, e.g. flower like, having special shapes related to the orientation of the fuel spray jets the combustion space consisting of step-wise widened multiple zones of different depth
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0645—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
    • F02B23/0648—Means or methods to improve the spray dispersion, evaporation or ignition
    • F02B23/0651—Means or methods to improve the spray dispersion, evaporation or ignition the fuel spray impinging on reflecting surfaces or being specially guided throughout the combustion space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0645—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray
    • F02B23/0669—Details related to the fuel injector or the fuel spray having multiple fuel spray jets per injector nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0696—W-piston bowl, i.e. the combustion space having a central projection pointing towards the cylinder head and the surrounding wall being inclined towards the cylinder wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00—Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14—Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、上向き噴霧の噴口と下向き噴霧の噴口とを千鳥状に設けた噴射ノズルを内部に配置した直接噴射式ディーゼル機関の燃焼室に係り、特に、噴霧が拡散し易く、上向き噴霧と下向き噴霧とが混合しにくい構成とした直接噴射式ディーゼル機関の燃焼室に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来から、ピストン頭部に形成した燃焼室内部に噴射ノズルを配置し、スワール及びスキッシュ等の空気流動を積極的に利用して、噴霧が燃焼室の壁面に当たり衝突拡散燃焼するように構成した直接噴射式ディーゼル機関の燃焼室は知られている。例えば、実開昭５６−１３３９２５号公報や、特開平３−１１７６７２号公報の如くである。
【０００３】
このような燃焼室にあっては、広範囲に燃料を拡散して空気の利用効率を高め、燃費の向上及び排気黒煙濃度の低減を図るべく、噴射ノズルの噴口をノズル軸心を中心にして放射状に配設して、それぞれの噴口を上下２段に千鳥状に配置し、燃焼室の外周部だけでなく比較的燃料が到達しにくい燃焼室の中心部近傍を利用するように構成したものがあった。
【０００４】
例えば、図１２、図１３に示すように、噴射ノズル５１には、略側方へ向けて噴霧する複数の上部噴口５１ａと斜下方へ向けて噴霧する複数の下部噴口５１ｂとが千鳥状に配置されており、該上部噴口５１ａから上向き噴霧６１が、ピストン５０の上面中央部に形成された燃焼室５２の側壁５２ａへ向けて噴射されるとともに、下部噴口５１ｂから下向き噴霧６２が燃焼室５２の底面５２ｂへ向けて噴射されるように構成している。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、前述の如くの燃焼室５２においては、下部噴口５１ｂからの下向き噴霧６２が燃焼室５２の底面５２ｂに沿いながら流れて拡散して側壁５２ａまで達するとともに、上部噴口５１ａからの上向き噴霧６１が該側壁５２ａに沿いながら流れて拡散して底面５２ｂまで達するため、下部噴口５１ｂからの下向き噴霧６２と上部噴口５１ａからの上向き噴霧６１とが混合して重複してしまい、この部分での燃焼の悪化、即ち黒煙の増大が発生するとともに、上下各噴霧の拡散が妨げられていた。
【０００６】
そこで、本発明においては、上部噴口及び下部噴霧からの噴霧が拡散し易く、且つ、上向き噴霧と下向き噴霧とが混合しにくい燃焼室を提供し、燃費の向上と発生黒煙の低減を図るものである。
【０００７】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、以上のような課題を解決するために、次のような手段を用いる。
【０００８】
請求項１においては、上向き噴霧の一群を燃焼室側壁に向けて噴射する噴口、及び、下向き噴霧の一群を燃焼室底面に向けて噴射する噴口を千鳥状に設けた噴射ノズルを内部に配置する燃焼室において、上向き噴霧が到達する燃焼室側壁と、下向き噴霧が到達する燃焼室底面との間にステップを形成し、該ステップを下向き噴霧の噴射方向に対向する位置のみに配置したものである。
【０００９】
請求項２においては、上向き噴霧の一群を燃焼室側壁に向けて噴射する噴口、及び、下向き噴霧の一群を燃焼室底面に向けて噴射する噴口を千鳥状に設けた噴射ノズルを内部に配置する燃焼室において、上向き噴霧が到達する燃焼室側壁と、下向き噴霧が到達する燃焼室底面との間にステップを形成し、該燃焼室底面の下向き噴霧が到達する部分の両側部に略円形の凹部を形成したものである。
【００１０】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の解決すべき課題及び手段は以上の如くであり、次に添付の図面に示した構成を説明する。
【００１１】
図１は、燃焼室で中央部に略円錐状の突起部が上方へ突出している場合を示す側面断面図、図２は同じく平面図。
【００１２】
図３は燃焼室の構成例を示す平面図、図４は燃焼室の第一の実施例を示す平面図、図５は同じく側面断面図。
【００１３】
図６は燃焼室の他の構成を示す平面図、図７は同じく側面断面図、図８は燃焼室の第二の実施例を示す平面図、図９は同じく側面断面図。
【００１４】
図１０は燃焼室の他の構成を示す平面図、図１１は同じく側面断面図、図１２は従来の燃焼室を示す平面図、図１３は同じく側面断面図である。
【００１５】
本構成の直接噴射式ディーゼル機関の燃焼室構成について、図１、図２により説明する。ピストン２の上面中央部に、側面視横長で平面視円形の略円筒深皿形状とした燃焼室３が形成されている。燃焼室３の上方には噴射ノズル１が配設され、その下端部が燃焼室３内に臨んでいる。燃焼室３内に臨む噴射ノズル１の下端部には、上下２列の噴口群、即ち、複数の上部噴口１ａ・１ａ・・・及び、複数の下部噴口１ｂ・１ｂ・・・を形成している。
【００１６】
該上部噴口１ａ・１ａ・・・、及び下部噴口１ｂ・１ｂ・・・は、それぞれ噴射ノズル１の軸心を中心にして略等間隔に配設され、上下に千鳥状に配置されている。また、例えば、上列の噴口群をなす上部噴口１ａ・１ａ・・・の数は、下列の噴口群をなす下部噴口１ｂ・１ｂ・・・の数の２倍としている。
【００１７】
上部噴口１ａ・１ａ・・・からの噴霧、即ち上向き噴霧６は、燃焼室３の側壁３ａへ向けて噴射されて、該側壁３ａへ到達するように構成され、下部噴口１ｂ・１ｂ・・・からの噴霧、即ち下向き噴霧７は、燃焼室３の底面３ｂへ向けて噴射されて該底面３ｂへ到達するように構成されている。そして、平面視において、例えば、上部噴口１ａ・１ａからの上向き噴霧６・６の噴射方向間の中心の方向を、下部噴口１ｂの噴霧７の噴射方向としている。
【００１８】
燃焼室３の底面３ｂの中央部には、略円錐形状の突起部４が上方へ突出している場合であるが、該底面３ｂと側壁３ａとの間には、全周に渡って燃焼室３内に突出する段差形状のステップ５が形成されている。燃焼室３の底面３ｂにおける突起部４の形成部分以外は、略平面状に形成され、側壁３ａは、略円筒状又はテーパー形状に形成されている。
【００１９】
また、燃焼室３において、燃焼室深さをＨとし、底面３ｂからステップ５までの高さをｈとすると、次式（１）の関係が成り立つように、燃焼室深さＨ及びステップ５の高さｈを構成している。
ｈ／Ｈ＜０．５ −（１）
【００２０】
また、燃焼室３の側壁３ａとステップ５との間は、側面視において、円弧８形状に形成しており、この円弧８は比較的大きな半径を有する円弧に構成されている。同様に、燃焼室３の底面３ｂとステップ５との間も、側面視において、円弧形状に形成されている。
【００２１】
以上の如く構成した燃焼室３においては、上部噴口１ａ・１ａ・・・から噴射される上向き噴霧６・６・・・が側壁３ａに衝突した後、該側壁３ａに沿って拡散するとともに、下部噴口１ｂ・１ｂ・・・から噴射される下向き噴霧７・７・・・が底面３ｂに衝突した後、該底面３ｂに沿って拡散する。この場合、側壁３ａの下方へ拡散する上向き噴霧６・６・・・は、段差形状のステップ５により拡散方向を変更されて燃焼室３内の空間に拡散し、底面３ｂの外周方向へ拡散する下向き噴霧７・７・・・は同じく燃焼室３内の空間に拡散することとなるので、該上向き噴霧６・６・・・と下向き噴霧７・７・・・とがお互いに重複することを防止することができるとともに、拡散状態を向上することが可能となる。
【００２２】
また、底面３ｂの中央部に、突起部４が形成されていることにより、底面３ｂの内側方向へ拡散する下向き噴霧７・７・・・同士が重複することも防止可能となっている。これにより、噴霧６・６・・・及び噴霧７・７・・・の拡散状態を向上させることができ、燃焼室３内の空気利用効率を高めて燃費向上を図ることが可能となるとともに、発生黒煙の低減を図ることができる。
【００２３】
また、上向き噴霧６・６・・・が衝突する燃焼室３の側壁３ａは、略円筒形状又はテーパ形状に形成されているので、該上向き噴霧６・６・・・が拡散し易く、下向き噴霧７・７・・・が衝突する燃焼室３の底面３ｂは、略平面に形成されているので、該下向き噴霧７・７・・・が拡散し易くなっている。これにより、上向き噴霧６・６・・・及び下向き噴霧７・７・・・の拡散状態を向上させることができ、燃焼室３内の空気利用効率を高めて燃費向上を図ることが可能となっている。
【００２４】
また、前記燃焼室深さＨ及びステップ５の高さｈを、ｈ／Ｈ＜０．５の関係を満足するように構成することにより、上向き噴霧６・６・・・が確実に燃焼室３の側壁３ａへ到達するとともに、下向き噴霧７・７・・・が確実に、底面３ｂへ到達することとなり、拡散状態を向上することができる。さらに、前述のように、燃焼室３の側壁３ａとステップ５との間を、側面視において、比較的大きな円弧８形状に形成することにより、該側壁３ａに衝突した上向き噴霧６・６・・・の、ステップ５方向への拡散が円滑に行われることとなり、拡散状態を向上することが可能となる。
【００２５】
また、下部噴口１ｂ・１ｂ・・・からの下向き噴霧７・７・・・の噴射方向は、次に示すように構成することができる。即ち、図３に示すように、燃焼室３におけるスワールの方向は、平面視にて右回りの方向となるように構成しており、下向き噴霧７・７・・・の噴射方向を、平面視において、上向き噴霧６・６の噴射方向間の中心の方向から、スワールの上流側へ一定の角度αだけずらして構成している。そして、該角度αは、０°〜２０°の範囲内の値としている。
【００２６】
このように、下向き噴霧７・７・・・の噴射方向を、平面視において、上向き噴霧６・６の噴射方向間の中心の方向から、スワールの上流側へ０°〜２０°の範囲内の角度αだけずらして構成することにより、上向き噴霧６・６・・・と下向き噴霧７・７・・・とのスワールの影響の度合いを考慮することになり、上向き噴霧６・６・・・と下向き噴霧７・７・・・との重複をさらに低減し、また噴霧の拡散状態をさらに向上させることが可能となる。
【００２７】
また、前記ステップ５を、次のように第一実施例のように構成している。
即ち、ステップ５を燃焼室３の全周に渡って形成せずに、図４、図５に示すステップ１５の如く、下向き噴霧７・７・・・の噴射方向に対向する位置のみに配置することもできるのである。そして、下向き噴霧７・７・・・の噴射方向に対向する位置に配置されたステップ１５は、平面視において、該下向き噴霧７の両側に配置される上向き噴霧６・６の噴射方向まで延設されており、該ステップ１５の両端部１５ａ・１５ａは外側方向に傾斜している。
【００２８】
このように、ステップ１５を下向き噴霧７・７・・・の噴射方向に対向する位置のみに配置することにより、上向き噴霧６・６は燃焼室３の側壁３ａに沿って拡散した後、下向き噴霧７・７・・・が噴射されない部分の底面３ｂへ向かって拡散することとなり、上向き噴霧６・６の拡散状態をさらに向上させることが可能となる。
【００２９】
また、前記ステップ５を次のように構成している。即ち、ステップ５のように円形状に形成せずに、図６、図７に示すステップ２５の如く、平面視において、該ステップ２５の下向き噴霧７・７・・・の噴射方向に対向する部分を、該噴射方向に対する垂直面２５ａ’をスワール上流側に向かって外周方向へ一定角度βだけ傾斜させた形状の傾斜面２５ａに形成するのである。
【００３０】
このように、ステップ２５の下向き噴霧７・７・・・の噴射方向に対向する部分を、傾斜面２５ａに形成することにより、スワールの流れ乗って拡散する下向き噴霧７・７・・・が、該傾斜面２５ａに沿って拡散することとなり、燃焼室３の側壁３ａに沿って拡散する上向き噴霧６・６・・・と混合して重複することをさらに防止することができる。
【００３１】
また、前記燃焼室３は、第二実施例のように構成することもできる。即ち、図８、図９に示す燃焼室３の如く、底面３ｂの下向き噴霧７が到達する部分の両側部に、略円形の凹部９・９を形成するのである。そして、該凹部９・９は、下向き噴霧７が到達する部分と若干オーバーラップするように配置している。このように、燃焼室３の底面３ｂに凹部９・９・・・を形成することにより、該底面３ｂに到達した下向き噴霧７が、底面３ｂよりも低位置に位置する凹部９・９に向かって拡散することとなるため、該下向き噴霧７が拡散し易くなり、拡散状態を向上させることが可能となる。
【００３２】
また、前記燃焼室３は、他の構成において、次のようにしている。即ち、図１０、図１１に示す燃焼室３の如く、前記凹部９を底面３ｂの下向き噴霧７が到達する部分のスワール下流部に形成するのである。そして、該凹部９は、下向き噴霧７が到達する部分と若干オーバーラップするように配置している。このように、燃焼室３の底面３ｂに凹部９・９・・・を形成することにより、スワールの流れに乗って該底面３ｂに到達し拡散する下向き噴霧７が、底面３ｂよりも低位置に位置する凹部９に向かって拡散することとなるため、該下向き噴霧７が拡散し易くなり、拡散状態を向上させることが可能となる。
【００３３】
本構成においては、上向き噴霧が到達する燃焼室側壁と、下向き噴霧が到達する燃焼室底面との間に、段差形状のステップを形成したので、側壁の下方へ拡散する上向き噴霧は該ステップにより拡散方向を変更されて燃焼室内の空間に拡散し、底面の外周方向へ拡散する下向き噴霧は同じく燃焼室内の空間に拡散することとなるので、該上向き噴霧と下向き噴霧とがお互いに重複することを防止することができるとともに、拡散状態を向上することが可能となる。これにより、発生黒煙の低減を図ることができるとともに、燃焼室内の空気利用効率を高めて燃費向上を図ることが可能となる。
【００３４】
さらに、少なくとも該燃焼室底面を略平面に形成したので、下向き噴霧が拡散し易くなって拡散状態を向上させることができ、燃焼室内の空気利用効率を高めて燃費向上を図ることが可能となる。
【００３５】
さらに、少なくとも該燃焼室側壁を略円筒形状又はテーパ形状に形成したので、上向き噴霧が拡散し易くなって拡散状態を向上させることができ、燃焼室内の空気利用効率を高めて燃費向上を図ることが可能となる。
【００３６】
さらに、少なくとも、該燃焼室底面からステップまでの高さをｈとし、燃焼室深さをＨとした場合に、ｈ／Ｈ＜０．５なる関係を満足するように構成したので、上向き噴霧が確実に燃焼室の側壁へ到達するとともに、下向き噴霧が確実に燃焼室の底面へ到達することとなり、拡散状態を向上することができて、燃焼室内の空気利用効率を高めて燃費向上を図ることが可能となる。また、上向き噴霧と下向き噴霧との重複を確実に防止して、発生黒煙の低減を図ることができる。
【００３７】
さらに、少なくとも、側面視において該ステップと燃焼室側壁との間を円弧にて連結したので、さらに、前述のように、燃焼室の側壁とステップとの間を、側面視において、円弧形状に形成することにより、該側壁に衝突した上向き噴霧の、ステップ方向への拡散が円滑に行われることとなり、拡散状態を向上することが可能となる。
これにより、燃焼室内の空気利用効率を高めて燃費向上を図ることが可能となる。
【００３８】
さらに、少なくとも、下向き噴霧の噴射方向と、該下向き噴霧の両側に配置される上部噴霧の噴射方向間の中心とを、平面視におけるスワール上流側へ０°〜２０°の範囲内でずらしたので、下向き噴霧が、スワールの流れを考慮した上で噴霧の重複を防ぐことが可能となり拡散し易くなる。これにより、燃焼室内の空気利用効率を高めて燃費向上を図ることが可能となる。
【００３９】
さらに、平面視において、該ステップの下向き噴霧の噴射方向に対向する部分が、該噴射方向に対する垂直面をスワール上流側に向かって外周方向へ傾斜させた形状に形成したので、スワールの流れ乗って拡散する下向き噴霧が、該傾斜面に沿って拡散することとなり、燃焼室の側壁に沿って拡散する上向き噴霧と混合して重複することを防止することができるとともに、該下向き噴霧の拡散状態を向上させることができる。これにより、発生黒煙の低減を図ることができるとともに、燃焼室内の空気利用効率を高めて燃費向上を図ることが可能となる。
【００４０】
さらに、燃焼室底面の下向き噴霧が到達する部分のスワール下流側部に略円形の凹部を形成したので、比較的上向き噴霧と重複し易いスワール下流側の下向き噴霧を、該底面よりも低位置に位置する凹部に向かって拡散することとなるため、該下向き噴霧が拡散し易くなり、拡散状態を向上させることが可能となる。これにより、燃焼室内の空気利用効率を高めて燃費向上を図ることが可能となる。
【００４１】
【発明の効果】
本発明は、以上のように構成したことにより、次のような効果が得られる。
請求項１記載の如く、上向き噴霧の一群を燃焼室側壁に向けて噴射する噴口、及び、下向き噴霧の一群を燃焼室底面に向けて噴射する噴口を千鳥状に設けた噴射ノズルを内部に配置する燃焼室において、上向き噴霧が到達する燃焼室側壁と、下向き噴霧が到達する燃焼室底面との間にステップを形成し、該ステップを下向き噴霧の噴射方向に対向する位置のみに配置したので、上向き噴霧は燃焼室の側壁に沿って拡散した後、下向き噴霧が噴射されない部分の底面へ向かって拡散することとなり、上向き噴霧の拡散状態をさらに向上させることが可能となる。これにより、燃焼室内の空気利用効率をさらに高めて燃費向上を図ることが可能となる。
【００４１】
請求項２記載の如く、上向き噴霧の一群を燃焼室側壁に向けて噴射する噴口、及び、下向き噴霧の一群を燃焼室底面に向けて噴射する噴口を千鳥状に設けた噴射ノズルを内部に配置する燃焼室において、上向き噴霧が到達する燃焼室側壁と、下向き噴霧が到達する燃焼室底面との間にステップを形成し、該燃焼室底面の下向き噴霧が到達する部分の両側部に略円形の凹部を形成したので、燃焼室の底面に到達した下向き噴霧が、底面よりも低位置に位置する凹部に向かって拡散することとなるため、該下向き噴霧が拡散し易くなり、拡散状態を向上させることが可能となる。これにより、燃焼室内の空気利用効率を高めて燃費向上を図ることが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 燃焼室で中央部に略円錐状の突起部が上方へ突出している場合を示す側面断面図である。
【図２】 同じく平面図である。
【図３】 燃焼室の他の構成を示す平面図である。
【図４】 燃焼室の第一の実施例を示す平面図である。
【図５】 同じく側面断面図である。
【図６】 燃焼室の他の構成を示す平面図である。
【図７】 同じく側面断面図である。
【図８】 燃焼室の第二の実施例を示す平面図である。
【図９】 同じく側面断面図である。
【図１０】 燃焼室の他の構成を示す平面図である。
【図１１】 同じく側面断面図である。
【図１２】 従来の燃焼室を示す平面図である。
【図１３】 同じく側面断面図である。
【符号の説明】
ｈ （燃焼室底面からステップまでの）高さ
Ｈ 燃焼室深さ
１ 噴射ノズル
１ａ 上部噴口
１ｂ 下部噴口
２ ピストン
３ 燃焼室
３ａ 側壁
３ｂ 底面
５ ステップ
６ 上向き噴霧
７ 下向き噴霧
８ 円弧
９ 凹部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a combustion chamber of a direct injection type diesel engine in which injection nozzles provided with an upward spray nozzle and a downward spray nozzle are arranged in a staggered manner, and in particular, the spray is easily diffused, and the upward spray and the downward spray. The present invention relates to a combustion chamber of a direct-injection diesel engine that is difficult to mix with spray.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, the injection nozzle is arranged in the combustion chamber formed in the piston head, and the air flow such as swirl and squish is positively utilized so that the spray hits the wall surface of the combustion chamber and is directly diffused and burned. The combustion chamber of an injection diesel engine is known. For example, Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 56-133925 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-117672 are disclosed.
[0003]
In such a combustion chamber, in order to improve the efficiency of air utilization by diffusing fuel over a wide area, improving fuel efficiency and reducing the concentration of exhaust black smoke, the injection nozzle nozzle is centered on the nozzle axis. Disposed radially, with each nozzle hole arranged in a staggered manner in two stages, not only the outer periphery of the combustion chamber, but also the vicinity of the center of the combustion chamber where the fuel is relatively difficult to reach was there.
[0004]
For example, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the injection nozzle 51 has a plurality of upper injection holes 51 a spraying substantially laterally and a plurality of lower injection holes 51 b spraying obliquely downward arranged in a staggered manner. The upward spray 61 is injected from the upper nozzle 51a toward the side wall 52a of the combustion chamber 52 formed at the center of the upper surface of the piston 50, and the downward spray 62 is injected from the lower nozzle 51b into the combustion chamber 52. It is configured to be injected toward the bottom surface 52b.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the combustion chamber 52 as described above, the downward spray 62 from the lower nozzle hole 51b flows along the bottom surface 52b of the combustion chamber 52, diffuses and reaches the side wall 52a, and the upward spray 61 from the upper nozzle hole 51a. Since it flows along the side wall 52a and diffuses to reach the bottom surface 52b, the downward spray 62 from the lower nozzle 51b and the upward spray 61 from the upper nozzle 51a are mixed and overlapped, and combustion in this part Deterioration, that is, increase in black smoke occurred, and diffusion of the upper and lower sprays was hindered.
[0006]
Therefore, in the present invention, a combustion chamber is provided in which the spray from the upper nozzle and the lower spray is easily diffused and the upward spray and the downward spray are difficult to mix, thereby improving fuel consumption and reducing generated black smoke. It is.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention uses the following means in order to solve the above problems.
[0008]
In Claim 1, the nozzle which provided the nozzle which injects a group of upward sprays toward a combustion chamber side wall, and the nozzle which injects a group of downward sprays toward a combustion chamber bottom face is arrange | positioned inside. In the combustion chamber, a step is formed between the combustion chamber side wall where the upward spray reaches and the bottom surface of the combustion chamber where the downward spray reaches , and the step is arranged only at a position facing the injection direction of the downward spray. .
[0009]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, the injection nozzles are arranged in a staggered manner with the injection holes for injecting a group of upward sprays toward the combustion chamber side wall and the injection holes for injecting a group of downward sprays toward the bottom of the combustion chamber. In the combustion chamber, a step is formed between the side wall of the combustion chamber where the upward spray reaches and the bottom surface of the combustion chamber where the downward spray reaches, and substantially circular recesses on both sides of the portion where the downward spray reaches the bottom of the combustion chamber Is formed .
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The problems and means to be solved by the present invention are as described above. Next, the configuration shown in the accompanying drawings will be described.
[0011]
Figure 1 is a side sectional view showing the case where projections substantially conical at the center in the combustion chamber projects upwardly, FIG. 2 is plan view of the same.
[0012]
FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a configuration example of a combustion chamber, FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a first embodiment of the combustion chamber, and FIG.
[0013]
6 is a plan view showing another configuration of the combustion chamber, FIG. 7 is a side sectional view, FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a second embodiment of the combustion chamber, and FIG. 9 is a side sectional view.
[0014]
10 is a plan view showing another configuration of the combustion chamber, FIG. 11 is a side sectional view, FIG. 12 is a plan view showing a conventional combustion chamber, and FIG. 13 is a side sectional view.
[0015]
The combustion chamber configuration of the direct injection diesel engine of this configuration will be described with reference to FIGS. A combustion chamber 3 having a substantially cylindrical deep dish shape that is horizontally long in a side view and circular in a plan view is formed at the center of the upper surface of the piston 2. An injection nozzle 1 is disposed above the combustion chamber 3, and its lower end faces the combustion chamber 3. At the lower end of the injection nozzle 1 facing the combustion chamber 3, two upper and lower rows of nozzle holes, that is, a plurality of upper nozzle holes 1a, 1a,. Yes.
[0016]
The upper nozzle holes 1a, 1a,... And the lower nozzle holes 1b, 1b,... Are arranged at substantially equal intervals around the axis of the injection nozzle 1, and are arranged in a staggered manner in the vertical direction. Further, for example, the number of the upper nozzle holes 1a, 1a,... Constituting the upper row nozzle holes is set to be twice the number of the lower nozzle holes 1b, 1b,.
[0017]
The spray from the upper nozzle holes 1a, 1a, that is, the upward spray 6 is injected toward the side wall 3a of the combustion chamber 3 to reach the side wall 3a, and the lower nozzle holes 1b, 1b,. The spray from the fuel, that is, the downward spray 7 is injected toward the bottom surface 3b of the combustion chamber 3 and reaches the bottom surface 3b. In plan view, for example, the central direction between the injection directions of the upward sprays 6 and 6 from the upper nozzles 1a and 1a is set as the injection direction of the spray 7 from the lower nozzle 1b.
[0018]
This is a case where a substantially conical protrusion 4 protrudes upward at the center of the bottom surface 3b of the combustion chamber 3, but between the bottom surface 3b and the side wall 3a, the combustion chamber 3 extends over the entire circumference. A step-shaped step 5 protruding inward is formed. Except for the formation part of the projection part 4 in the bottom face 3b of the combustion chamber 3, it is formed in substantially planar shape, and the side wall 3a is formed in the substantially cylindrical shape or the taper shape.
[0019]
Further, in the combustion chamber 3, when the combustion chamber depth is H and the height from the bottom surface 3b to step 5 is h, the combustion chamber depth H and step 5 are set so that the relationship of the following equation (1) is established. It constitutes a height h.
h / H <0.5- (1)
[0020]
Further, the side wall 3a of the combustion chamber 3 and the step 5 are formed in an arc 8 shape in a side view, and the arc 8 is configured as an arc having a relatively large radius. Similarly, a space between the bottom surface 3b of the combustion chamber 3 and the step 5 is formed in an arc shape in a side view.
[0021]
In the combustion chamber 3 configured as described above, after the upward sprays 6, 6... Injected from the upper nozzles 1 a, 1 a, etc. collide with the side wall 3 a, they diffuse along the side wall 3 a and The downward sprays 7, 7... Sprayed from the nozzle holes 1b, 1b... Collide with the bottom surface 3b and then diffuse along the bottom surface 3b. In this case, the upward sprays 6, 6... Diffusing downward from the side wall 3 a are diffused in the space in the combustion chamber 3 by the step-shaped step 5 and diffused in the outer space of the bottom surface 3 b. Since the downward sprays 7, 7, and so on diffuse in the space in the combustion chamber 3, the upward sprays 6, 6... And the downward sprays 7, 7. This can be prevented and the diffusion state can be improved.
[0022]
Further, since the protrusion 4 is formed at the center of the bottom surface 3b, it is possible to prevent the downward sprays 7, 7... Diffusing in the inner direction of the bottom surface 3b from overlapping each other. Thereby, the diffusion state of the sprays 6 · 6... And the sprays 7 · 7... Can be improved, and the air utilization efficiency in the combustion chamber 3 can be increased to improve fuel efficiency. The generated black smoke can be reduced.
[0023]
Moreover, since the side wall 3a of the combustion chamber 3 with which the upward sprays 6, 6... Collide is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape or a tapered shape, the upward sprays 6. 6. Since the bottom surface 3b of the combustion chamber 3 with which 7 · 7... Collides is formed in a substantially flat surface, the downward spray 7 · 7. Thereby, it is possible to improve the diffusion state of the upward sprays 6, 6... And the downward sprays 7, 7..., And to improve the fuel efficiency by increasing the air utilization efficiency in the combustion chamber 3. ing.
[0024]
Further, by configuring the combustion chamber depth H and the height h of step 5 so as to satisfy the relationship of h / H <0.5, the upward spray 6. .., And the downward sprays 7, 7,... Surely reach the bottom surface 3 b, thereby improving the diffusion state. Further, as described above, by forming a relatively large arc 8 shape between the side wall 3a of the combustion chamber 3 and the step 5 in a side view, the upward spray 6, 6,. The diffusion in the direction of step 5 is performed smoothly, and the diffusion state can be improved.
[0025]
Further, the spraying direction of the downward sprays 7, 7... From the lower nozzle holes 1b, 1b,. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the swirl direction in the combustion chamber 3 is configured to be a clockwise direction in a plan view, and the injection direction of the downward sprays 7, 7. In FIG. 3, the center of the upward sprays 6 and 6 is shifted from the central direction by an angle α to the upstream side of the swirl. The angle α is a value within the range of 0 ° to 20 °.
[0026]
As described above, the injection direction of the downward sprays 7, 7... Is in the range of 0 ° to 20 ° from the center direction between the injection directions of the upward sprays 6 and 6 to the upstream side of the swirl in a plan view. By shifting the angle α, the degree of swirl effect between the upward sprays 6, 6... And the downward sprays 7, 7. It is possible to further reduce the overlap with the downward sprays 7, 7... And further improve the spray diffusion state.
[0027]
The step 5 is configured as in the first embodiment as follows.
That is, the step 5 is not formed over the entire circumference of the combustion chamber 3, but is arranged only at a position facing the injection direction of the downward sprays 7, 7... As in step 15 shown in FIGS. It can also be done. Further, the step 15 arranged at the position facing the spraying direction of the downward sprays 7, 7... Extends up to the spraying direction of the upward sprays 6, 6 disposed on both sides of the downward spray 7 in a plan view. The both end portions 15a and 15a of the step 15 are inclined outward.
[0028]
In this way, by arranging the step 15 only at a position facing the injection direction of the downward sprays 7, 7..., The upward sprays 6, 6 are diffused along the side wall 3 a of the combustion chamber 3 and then the downward spray , 7... Diffuses toward the bottom surface 3b of the portion that is not injected, and the diffusion state of the upward sprays 6, 6 can be further improved.
[0029]
The step 5 is configured as follows. That is, a portion opposed to the injection direction of the downward spray 7 · 7... In step 25 in a plan view as in step 25 shown in FIGS. Is formed on an inclined surface 25a having a shape in which a vertical surface 25a ′ with respect to the injection direction is inclined by a certain angle β toward the outer circumferential direction toward the upstream side of the swirl.
[0030]
In this way, by forming a portion facing the injection direction of the downward sprays 7, 7... In step 25 on the inclined surface 25a, the downward sprays 7, 7. It spreads along the inclined surface 25a, and it can be further prevented from mixing and overlapping with the upward sprays 6, 6... Diffusing along the side wall 3a of the combustion chamber 3.
[0031]
The combustion chamber 3 can also be configured as in the second embodiment. That is, as in the combustion chamber 3 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, substantially circular recesses 9 and 9 are formed on both sides of the portion where the downward spray 7 reaches the bottom surface 3b. And this recessed part 9 * 9 is arrange | positioned so that it may overlap with the part which the downward spray 7 reaches | attains a little. In this way, by forming the recesses 9, 9,... On the bottom surface 3b of the combustion chamber 3, the downward spray 7 that has reached the bottom surface 3b is directed toward the recesses 9, 9 positioned lower than the bottom surface 3b. Therefore, the downward spray 7 can be easily diffused and the diffusion state can be improved.
[0032]
The combustion chamber 3 is configured as follows in another configuration. That is, like the combustion chamber 3 shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the concave portion 9 is formed in the swirl downstream portion where the downward spray 7 reaches the bottom surface 3b. And this recessed part 9 is arrange | positioned so that it may overlap with the part which the downward spray 7 reaches | attains a little. In this way, by forming the recesses 9, 9... On the bottom surface 3b of the combustion chamber 3, the downward spray 7 that reaches the bottom surface 3b and diffuses on the flow of the swirl is positioned lower than the bottom surface 3b. Since it will diffuse toward the recessed part 9 located, this downward spray 7 becomes easy to spread | diffuse, and it becomes possible to improve a diffusion state.
[0033]
In this configuration, a step-shaped step is formed between the combustion chamber side wall where the upward spray reaches and the combustion chamber bottom surface where the downward spray reaches, so the upward spray that diffuses below the side wall is diffused by the step. The downward spray that is changed in direction and diffuses into the space in the combustion chamber and diffuses toward the outer periphery of the bottom surface will also diffuse into the space in the combustion chamber, so that the upward spray and the downward spray overlap each other. This can be prevented and the diffusion state can be improved. As a result, it is possible to reduce the generated black smoke and improve the fuel efficiency by increasing the efficiency of air use in the combustion chamber.
[0034]
Furthermore, since at least the bottom surface of the combustion chamber is formed in a substantially flat surface, the downward spray can be easily diffused and the diffusion state can be improved, and the air utilization efficiency in the combustion chamber can be improved and fuel consumption can be improved. .
[0035]
Furthermore, since at least the combustion chamber side wall is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape or a tapered shape, the upward spray can be easily diffused and the diffusion state can be improved, and the efficiency of air utilization in the combustion chamber is improved to improve fuel efficiency. Is possible.
[0036]
Furthermore, when the height from the bottom of the combustion chamber to the step is h and the depth of the combustion chamber is H, it is configured to satisfy the relationship of h / H <0.5. It will surely reach the side wall of the combustion chamber and the downward spray will surely reach the bottom surface of the combustion chamber, improving the diffusion state and improving the fuel efficiency by improving the efficiency of air utilization in the combustion chamber. Is possible. In addition, it is possible to reliably prevent the upward spray and the downward spray from being overlapped and to reduce the generated black smoke.
[0037]
In addition, since the step and the combustion chamber side wall are connected by an arc at least in a side view, the side wall of the combustion chamber and the step are formed in an arc shape in the side view as described above. By doing so, the upward spray colliding with the side wall is smoothly diffused in the step direction, and the diffusion state can be improved.
As a result, it is possible to improve the fuel efficiency by increasing the efficiency of air utilization in the combustion chamber.
[0038]
Further, at least the injection direction of the downward spray and the center between the injection directions of the upper sprays arranged on both sides of the downward spray are shifted in the range of 0 ° to 20 ° upstream of the swirl in a plan view. The downward spray can prevent the overlap of sprays in consideration of the flow of the swirl and can easily diffuse. As a result, it is possible to improve the fuel efficiency by increasing the efficiency of air utilization in the combustion chamber.
[0039]
Further, in the plan view, the portion facing the spray direction of the downward spray of the step is formed in a shape in which a vertical surface with respect to the spray direction is inclined toward the outer peripheral direction toward the upstream side of the swirl. The downward spray that diffuses diffuses along the inclined surface, and can be prevented from being mixed and overlapped with the upward spray that diffuses along the side wall of the combustion chamber, and the diffusion state of the downward spray can be prevented. Can be improved. As a result, it is possible to reduce the generated black smoke and improve the fuel efficiency by increasing the efficiency of air use in the combustion chamber.
[0040]
Furthermore, since a substantially circular recess is formed in the swirl downstream side of the portion where the downward spray reaches the bottom of the combustion chamber, the downward swirl downstream of the swirl that tends to overlap with the upward spray is placed at a lower position than the bottom surface. Since it diffuses toward the recessed part located, it becomes easy to diffuse this downward spray, and it becomes possible to improve a diffusion state. As a result, it is possible to improve the fuel efficiency by increasing the efficiency of air utilization in the combustion chamber.
[0041]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
The injection nozzle which provided the nozzle which injects a group of upward sprays toward the combustion chamber side wall, and the nozzle which injects a group of downward sprays toward the bottom of the combustion chamber as described in Claim 1 is arranged inside In the combustion chamber, a step is formed between the combustion chamber side wall where the upward spray reaches and the bottom surface of the combustion chamber where the downward spray reaches, and the step is arranged only at a position facing the injection direction of the downward spray . The upward spray diffuses along the side wall of the combustion chamber and then diffuses toward the bottom surface of the portion where the downward spray is not injected, so that the diffusion state of the upward spray can be further improved. As a result, it is possible to further improve the air utilization efficiency in the combustion chamber and improve fuel efficiency.
[0041]
The injection nozzle which provided the nozzle which injects a group of upward sprays toward the combustion chamber side wall, and the nozzle which injects a group of downward sprays toward the bottom of the combustion chamber as described in Claim 2 is arranged inside In the combustion chamber, a step is formed between the side wall of the combustion chamber where the upward spray reaches and the bottom surface of the combustion chamber where the downward spray arrives. Since the concave portion is formed, the downward spray that has reached the bottom surface of the combustion chamber diffuses toward the concave portion located at a position lower than the bottom surface, so that the downward spray is easily diffused and the diffusion state is improved. It becomes possible. Thereby, it is possible to improve the fuel efficiency by increasing the efficiency of air use in the combustion chamber.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side cross-sectional view showing a case where a substantially conical protrusion protrudes upward in the center of a combustion chamber.
FIG. 2 is also a plan view.
FIG. 3 is a plan view showing another configuration of the combustion chamber.
FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a first embodiment of a combustion chamber.
FIG. 5 is a side sectional view of the same.
FIG. 6 is a plan view showing another configuration of the combustion chamber.
FIG. 7 is a side sectional view of the same.
FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a second embodiment of the combustion chamber.
FIG. 9 is a side sectional view of the same.
FIG. 10 is a plan view showing another configuration of the combustion chamber.
FIG. 11 is a side sectional view of the same.
FIG. 12 is a plan view showing a conventional combustion chamber.
FIG. 13 is a side sectional view of the same.
[Explanation of symbols]
h Height from the bottom of the combustion chamber to the step H Combustion chamber depth 1 Injection nozzle 1a Upper injection port 1b Lower injection port 2 Piston 3 Combustion chamber 3a Side wall 3b Bottom surface 5 Step 6 Upward spray 7 Downward spray 8 Arc 9 Recess

Claims (2)

上向き噴霧の一群を燃焼室側壁に向けて噴射する噴口、及び、下向き噴霧の一群を燃焼室底面に向けて噴射する噴口を、千鳥状に設けた噴射ノズルを内部に配置する燃焼室において、前記上向き噴霧が到達する燃焼室側壁と、下向き噴霧が到達する燃焼室底面との間にステップを形成し、該ステップを下向き噴霧の噴射方向に対向する位置のみに配置したことを特徴とする直接噴射式ディーゼル機関の燃焼室。Nozzle hole for injecting toward a group of upward spray into the combustion chamber side walls, and, a nozzle hole for injecting toward a group of downward spraying into the combustion chamber bottom, the combustion chamber to place the injection nozzle provided in a zigzag manner inside the Direct injection, characterized in that a step is formed between the combustion chamber side wall to which the upward spray reaches and the combustion chamber bottom surface to which the downward spray arrives , and the step is disposed only at a position facing the injection direction of the downward spray. Combustion chamber of a diesel engine. 上向き噴霧の一群を燃焼室側壁に向けて噴射する噴口、及び、下向き噴霧の一群を燃焼室底面に向けて噴射する噴口を、千鳥状に設けた噴射ノズルを内部に配置する燃焼室において、前記上向き噴霧が到達する燃焼室側壁と、下向き噴霧が到達する燃焼室底面との間にステップを形成し、該燃焼室底面の下向き噴霧が到達する部分の両側部に略円形の凹部を形成したことを特徴とする直接噴射式ディーゼル機関の燃焼室。Nozzle hole for injecting toward a group of upward spray into the combustion chamber side walls, and, a nozzle hole for injecting toward a group of downward spraying into the combustion chamber bottom, the combustion chamber to place the injection nozzle provided in a zigzag manner inside the A step was formed between the combustion chamber side wall to which the upward spray reaches and the combustion chamber bottom surface to which the downward spray arrives, and substantially circular recesses were formed on both sides of the portion where the downward spray reached the combustion chamber bottom surface. A combustion chamber of a direct injection type diesel engine characterized by
JP30699298A 1998-10-28 1998-10-28 Combustion chamber of direct injection diesel engine Expired - Fee Related JP3940230B2 (en)

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JP4506127B2 (en) * 2003-08-29 2010-07-21 凸版印刷株式会社 Printing apparatus, printing management method, printing method, printing management program, printing program
WO2006058617A2 (en) * 2004-12-04 2006-06-08 Daimlerchrysler Ag Diesel internal combustion engine
DE102005051740A1 (en) * 2004-12-04 2006-06-08 Daimlerchrysler Ag Combustion chamber of a self-igniting internal combustion engine
WO2006073091A1 (en) * 2005-01-05 2006-07-13 Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha Direct injection diesel engine
DE102006002672A1 (en) * 2006-01-19 2007-07-26 Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh Combustion chamber arrangement
DE102010027637A1 (en) * 2010-07-19 2012-01-19 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh Piston for internal combustion engines, and internal combustion engine for this purpose

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