JPH1162465A - System and method for evaluating natural ground stability in excavating rock-bed - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To rapidly and reasonably predict collapse of the natural ground using the observation result at a facing while ensuring the safety of workers. SOLUTION: A natural ground safety evaluation system in the excavation of a rock-bed is provided with a crack position measuring means to respectively measure the coordinate position of a crack generated in a facing 11a in a first section and the coordinate position of a crack generated in a facing 11b in a second section. A crack surface calculating means 2 to calculate the coordinate position of a cracked surface from the coordinate positions of the crack at the first section position and the crack at the second section position belonging to the same cracked surface, a block body calculating means 3 to calculate the coordinate position of the block body surrounded by the cracked surfaces, and an output means 4 to output the image of the block body, are provided.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a local stability evaluation system and method for rock excavation mainly for a mountain tunnel method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a mountain tunnel construction method, rock types, fracture states, ground elastic wave velocity values,
It is common practice to classify the ground engineeringly by focusing on the physical properties of the ground, etc., determine the standards such as tunnel excavation method, support pattern, secondary lining, etc. based on such classification, and perform pre-design. is there.

[0003] On the other hand, during construction, it is important to observe the face face, conduct tests with samples collected at the excavation site, etc. as appropriate to feed back to the design, and to prepare for unexpected situations such as springs and collapse of the ground. It is.

Here, when observing the face, an operator faces the face and visually identifies the type of rock and the state of cracks generated therein, or measures the running inclination using a clinometer. This was done by creating a crack distribution map.

[0005]

However, such a method cannot be adopted only in a stable mountain where the safety of workers is high, and measurement with a clinometer takes time. During the excavation, the interruption time of the excavation becomes longer, causing a problem that the entire construction period is delayed.

Further, even if the state of cracks at the face is observed, such observation data cannot be actually linked with a certain degree of accuracy and objectively to the prediction of the collapse of the ground, and at most based on experience and subjectivity. He had only made preliminary decisions. On the other hand, since acoustic wave exploration is an indirect method, there is a limit in terms of accuracy.

The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and it is intended to quickly and rationally predict a land collapse using observation results at a face while ensuring worker safety. It is an object of the present invention to provide a ground stability evaluation system and method in rock excavation that can be performed.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, a system for evaluating the stability of a rock mass in rock excavation according to the present invention comprises: Position measuring means for measuring the coordinate position of a crack generated in the face at a second cross-sectional position separated by a predetermined distance from the first cross-sectional position. A crack surface calculating means for calculating the coordinate position of the crack surface from the coordinate position with the crack at the cross-sectional position of 2, and the coordinate position of the block surrounded by the plurality of crack surfaces calculated by the crack surface calculating device. And a block calculating means for calculating.

Further, the ground stability evaluation system for rock excavation according to the present invention includes output means for outputting an image of the block body.

Further, in the ground stability evaluation system for rock excavation according to the present invention, the crack position measuring means includes an image pickup means for picking up an image of the face, and the crack position measuring means uses the image data obtained by the image pickup means to obtain the image. The coordinate position of the crack is measured.

Further, in the rock stability evaluation system for rock excavation according to the present invention, the crack position measuring means includes a laser oscillator for irradiating the face face with at least two laser spots. Is imaged together with the spot by the imaging means, and the coordinate position of the crack is measured from image data obtained by the imaging means.

Further, according to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for evaluating the stability of rock mass in rock excavation, wherein a face at a first cross-sectional position and a second face separated from the cross-section by a predetermined distance are provided. The coordinate position of a crack generated in the face at the cross-sectional position is measured, and the coordinate position of the crack at the first cross-sectional position belonging to the same crack surface and the coordinate position of the crack at the second cross-sectional position are determined. The coordinate position is calculated, the calculated coordinate position of the block surrounded by the calculated plurality of cracks is determined, and the looseness of the block from the surrounding ground is determined.

In the system and method for evaluating the stability of rock in rock excavation according to the present invention, first, the coordinate position of a crack generated in a face at the first sectional position is measured by a crack position measuring means. Next, after digging a predetermined distance, the coordinate position of the crack generated in the face at the second cross-sectional position is measured by the crack position measuring means in the same manner.

The crack position measuring means includes an operation in which an operator actually faces the face and sketches the situation of the crack, but includes an image pickup means for picking up an image of the face, and is obtained by the image pickup means. If it is configured to measure the coordinate position of the crack from the image data obtained, since the worker does not need to face the face, the safety of the worker is improved, and the work of measuring the face is also performed quickly. Can be.

Here, examples of the image pickup means include a conventional camera that exposes a film, and a digital camera that can be directly taken into a personal computer as digital data. Also, a video camera equipped with a CCD element may be used as long as the personal computer has a capture function.

To measure the coordinate position of the crack from the image data obtained by the imaging means, image data obtained by reading a photograph taken by a conventional camera through a scanner, image data read directly from a digital camera, or Extract cracks from the still image data edited from the video camera,
Then, the coordinate position of the crack extracted is measured. Extraction of cracks may be performed by a worker's judgment or by image processing.

Here, it is necessary to unify the reference point and the scale at the time of measuring the coordinate position of the crack in the first sectional position and the second sectional position. If a box scale is set up at a specific location and this is copied together with the face, the scale of the image data photographed at the two cross-sectional positions can be made uniform. However, a laser that irradiates at least two laser spots on the face If an oscillator is provided and the face irradiated with the laser spot is imaged together with the spot by the imaging means, the coordinate position of the crack at each cross-sectional position can be measured with high accuracy using a common coordinate system. It becomes possible.

Next, the coordinate position of the crack surface is calculated from the coordinate positions of the crack at the first sectional position and the crack at the second sectional position belonging to the same crack surface. That is, it is considered that the cracks appearing on the face at each cross-sectional position are merely exposed as cracks (lines) on a plane having a crack surface (discontinuous surface) spreading three-dimensionally, so to speak. Based on the idea, among the cracks at the first and second cross-sectional positions, which cracks and which cracks belong to the same crack plane are examined and identified, and each of the already calculated cracks is determined. The coordinate position of the crack plane is calculated from the coordinate position of.

Next, the coordinate position of the block surrounded by the plurality of crack surfaces calculated by the above procedure is calculated. Here, for example, three-dimensional CAD software may be used.
In addition, the block body mentioned here does not only mean that the entire area is completely surrounded by a cracked surface, but if there is a possibility that it will be separated from the surrounding ground, for example, a tunnel cross section A release surface such as the top surface may form the periphery of the block body, and the case where only a part of the outer surface of the block body is connected to the surrounding ground may be included.

When the coordinate position of the block is calculated, it is displayed on a display together with the tunnel section using CAD software or the like. Then, the looseness of the block body from the surrounding ground is determined and used as a material for evaluating the stability of the ground.

[0021]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiments of a system and method for evaluating the stability of ground in rock excavation according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be noted that the same reference numerals are given to components and the like that are substantially the same as those in the conventional technology, and description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 1 (a), the ground stability evaluation system for rock excavation according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 (a), shows coordinates of a crack generated in a face 11a in a first section excavated by a blasting method or the like. A first crack belonging to the same crack plane as the crack position measuring means 1 for measuring a position and a coordinate position of a crack generated in the face 11b in the second cross section separated by a predetermined distance L from the cross section, for example, about 1 m; Crack surface calculating means 2 for calculating the coordinate position of the crack surface from the coordinate positions of the crack at the cross-sectional position and the crack at the second cross-sectional position, and calculating the coordinate position of the block surrounded by the crack surface And a output unit 4 for outputting an image of the block.

As shown in FIG. 2B, the crack position measuring means 1 includes a laser oscillator 5 for irradiating at least two laser spots on the face 11a, 11b, and a face 11a, 11b illuminated with the laser spot. And a measuring unit 7 for measuring a coordinate position of a crack from image data obtained by the digital camera.

The measuring section 7 is composed of a personal computer as shown in FIG. 2, reads the image data of the face stored in the memory card of the digital camera 6 by the card reader 21, and is a storage device. After storing the image data on the hard disk or the magneto-optical disk 25, the image data is displayed on the display 23 or printed on the printer 24, and the processing for measuring the coordinate position is performed by the calculation unit 22 which is the processing unit of the personal computer. It is supposed to do.

The crack plane calculating means 2 calculates the crack data of the face 11a at the first section position and the face 11 at the second section position.
b, which is read from the storage device 24 and superimposed or displayed side by side on the display 23, or is simply compared, and belongs to the same crack plane due to similarity in crack shape or relative positional relationship. , And the calculation unit 22 calculates the coordinate position of the crack surface from the measurement data of the cracks.

The block calculating means 3 reads a plurality of crack plane data stored in the storage device 24 and calculates a coordinate position of a block surrounded by the plurality of crack planes. The identification of the block body and its coordinate position may be performed by activating predetermined CAD software in a memory (not shown) and processing it by the arithmetic unit 22.

The output means 4 may be constituted by a display 23 for displaying the calculated block and a printer 24 for printing the display.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the method for evaluating the stability of ground in rock excavation according to the present embodiment. As can be seen from the figure, in the rock stability evaluation system and method for rock excavation according to the present embodiment,
First, the face 11a at the first cross-sectional position is photographed by the digital camera 6 (step 101). When shooting,
The laser oscillator 5 is activated in advance, and the face 11a is irradiated with a laser spot.

Next, the image data picked up by the digital camera 6 is taken into the arithmetic section 22 of the personal computer by the card reader 21 and displayed on the display 23 (step 102). FIG. 4A shows a state in which image data obtained by imaging the face 11 a is displayed on the display 23.

Next, the condition of the face face is observed from the image projected in this way to extract cracks 32, and the coordinate positions of the extracted cracks 32 are calculated (step 103).

Here, since the laser spots 31a and 31b whose coordinate positions are known are projected together in the image data, using the coordinate positions of the laser spots 31a and 31b, The coordinate position can be calculated accurately and easily. It should be noted that the length of the crack 32, in particular, to what depth the crack exposed on the face extends into the surrounding ground is appropriately determined in consideration of the crack width and the like of the crack.

The calculated coordinate position of each crack 32 is stored in the storage device 25 as three-dimensional coordinate data.

After measuring the crack at the face 11a as described above, the excavation is further advanced by the blasting method, and then the above procedure is repeated for the face 11b at the second sectional position. Then, the coordinate position of the crack generated in the face is calculated (steps 101 to 103).
If necessary, the face measurement at the third and fourth cross-sectional positions may be performed.

FIG. 4 (b) shows image data obtained by imaging the face 11b on the display 23, and shows a state where the crack 33 is extracted from the image data. The calculated coordinate position of each crack 33 is also stored in the storage device 25 as three-dimensional coordinate data.

Next, of the cracks 32 formed on the face 11a and the cracks 33 formed on the face 11b, those belonging to the same crack plane are found (step 104).

In other words, the cracks 32 and 33 appearing on the face 11a and the face 11b respectively have a three-dimensionally extending crack surface (discontinuous surface) in the first sectional position and the second sectional position.
Is assumed to be only exposed as a line with the cross-sectional position of the face 11 and the cracks 32 and 33 of the face 11a and the face 33b belong to the same crack surface. Consider and find out what they are.

Next, the coordinate position of the crack plane is calculated from the coordinate positions of the cracks (step 105). Fig. 5 (a)
Are cracks 32a of the face 11a and cracks 33a of the face 11b.
And a crack surface 41 including a crack 32b of the face 11a and a crack 33b of the face 11b.

Next, the coordinate position of the block 43 surrounded by the crack surfaces 41 and 42 is calculated, and as shown in FIG.
The information is displayed on the display 23 together with the tunnel cross section (step 106). Here, for example, three-dimensional CAD software may be used.

As described above, according to the ground stability evaluation system and method for rock excavation according to the present embodiment, the face at different cross-sectional positions is imaged, cracks are extracted from the imaged data, and A set that forms the same crack surface from the cracks is searched, a crack surface is calculated from the crack positions, and a block body surrounded by the crack surfaces is displayed on a screen. It is possible to evaluate the stability of the ground by judging the liberation from the ground.

For example, in FIG. 5 (b), the block 43 surrounded by the crack surface 41 and the crack surface 42 has an upwardly sharpened shape. ) Can be determined to be in danger of collapse even if it is connected to the ground.

For this reason, it is possible to take measures such as quickly applying shotcrete, rock bolts and the like to the already excavated portion, and to the area beyond the face 11b that has not yet been excavated. In addition to immediately reinforce the excavated area to prevent collapse,
It is possible to take safety measures such as not to bring any worker near the face so that it is safe even if 3 falls down from the surrounding ground. In addition, even in the case where the already excavated portion, for example, the tunnel roof is reinforced with the lock bolt, the volume and weight of the block body 43 which may fall down can be grasped in advance. Easy to make construction plans.

Further, according to the present embodiment, the coordinate position of the crack is measured from the image data of the face 11a, 11b obtained by the digital camera, so that the worker does not need to face the face, and The worker's safety is improved, and the face measuring operation can be performed quickly.

According to the present embodiment, at least two laser spots irradiated on the face by the laser oscillator 5 are imaged together with the face by the digital camera 6, and the coordinate position of the crack is determined from the obtained image data. Since the measurement is performed, the coordinate position of the crack at each cross-sectional position can be measured with high accuracy using a common coordinate system.

In the present embodiment, an example in which the present invention is applied to tunnel excavation has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to tunnel excavation, but can be applied to all cases where a cavity is formed in rock by excavation. Needless to say.

Further, in the present embodiment, when specifying a crack, the crack is overwritten on the image data based on the judgment and experience of the worker. The worker may face the situation and sketch the situation of the crack and coordinate it,
Cracks may be extracted from the captured image data by image processing.

In this embodiment, the two face 11
The two cracked surfaces 41 and 42 were created using a and 11b, and the area surrounded by these cracked surfaces was calculated as the block 43. However, the number of facets in evaluating the block was And the number of crack surfaces is arbitrary,
For example, the block body may be calculated according to the procedure shown in FIG.

That is, first, as shown in FIG. 6A, the coordinate position of the crack 52a is calculated on the face 51a as the first sectional position, and the coordinate position of the crack 52b is calculated on the face 51b as the second sectional position. Is calculated, and a crack surface 54 as a plane including these cracks is calculated. Similarly, the coordinate position of the crack 53a in the face 51a is calculated, and the coordinate position of the crack 53b in the face 51b is calculated, and the crack surface 55 as a plane including these cracks is calculated.

Next, it is assumed that the face 51b and the face 51c are new first and second sectional positions, respectively, and
, A crack surface 56 is calculated as a plane including the crack 52b and the crack 52c whose coordinate position is calculated at the face 51c, and a plane including the crack 53b at the face 51b and the crack 53c whose coordinate position is calculated at the face 51c. Is calculated.

Finally, the block body 58 may be calculated as a region surrounded by the crack surfaces 54 to 57.

Further, in this embodiment and its modification, the case where the entire tunnel section is excavated simultaneously is described. However, when excavating a large section tunnel, a small section leading shaft called a silot is first excavated. In this case, as shown in FIG.
The block bodies 64a, 64b, and 64b are formed in the same procedure as described above while using the cutting faces 63a, 63b of a, 62b.
In addition to calculating 64c, the existence of such a block body can be used as a reference when excavating an area sandwiched by the guide shafts 62a and 62b. That is, when it is determined that there is a high possibility that the block bodies 64b and 64c will collapse when excavating such an area, a chemical solution is injected through a perforation formed in the side surface of the leading shaft 62a to thereby block the block body 64b. , 64c, and after that, the area between the leading shafts 62a, 62b is excavated and the main shaft 62c
You may make it.

[0051]

As described above, according to the rock mass excavation stability evaluation system of the first aspect of the present invention, the looseness of the block surrounded by the crack surface from the surrounding ground is determined. Then, the stability of the ground can be evaluated. Therefore, it is possible to take measures such as promptly applying shotcrete, rock bolts, etc. to already excavated parts, and to take measures to prevent collapse in areas that have not yet been excavated immediately after excavation. In addition to taking measures, it is possible to take safety measures such as keeping workers away from the face at all so that it is safe even if the block body collapses from the surrounding ground.

Further, according to the rock mass excavation stability evaluation system of the present invention according to claim 2, it is possible to grasp at a glance the possibility of the block body surrounded by the cracked surface from the surrounding ground. It also has the effect that it becomes possible.

Further, according to the ground stability evaluation system for rock excavation of the present invention according to the third aspect, the worker does not need to face the face, the safety of the worker is improved, and the measurement of the face is performed. This also has the effect that the work can be performed quickly.

Further, according to the ground stability evaluation system for rock excavation of the present invention, it is possible to measure the coordinate position of the crack at each cross-sectional position with high accuracy using a common coordinate system. Also has the effect of becoming.

Further, according to the method for evaluating the stability of the ground in rock excavation according to the present invention, the looseness of the block surrounded by the crack surface from the surrounding ground is determined. Stability can be evaluated. Therefore, it is possible to take measures such as promptly applying shotcrete, rock bolts, etc. to already excavated parts, and to take measures to prevent collapse in areas that have not yet been excavated immediately after excavation. In addition to taking such measures, it is possible to take safety measures such as keeping workers away from the face at all so that it is safe even if the block body collapses from the surrounding ground.

[0056]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a ground stability evaluation system in rock excavation according to the present embodiment, (a) is an overall block diagram, (b)
FIG. 3 is a side view showing a state where a face is being measured.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a measurement unit.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a procedure of a method for evaluating the stability of ground in rock excavation according to the embodiment.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing a state in which photographing data of a face is displayed on a display, wherein FIG.
Is a diagram relating to the face 11b.

FIGS. 5A and 5B are diagrams showing a work procedure of a method for evaluating the stability of ground in rock excavation according to the present embodiment, wherein FIG. 5A shows a state where a crack surface is created, and FIG. FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 crack position measuring means 2 crack surface calculating means 3 block body calculating means 4 output means 5 laser oscillator 6 digital camera (imaging means) 7 measuring unit 11 face 22 calculating unit 23 display (output means) 24 printer (output means) 31a 31b Laser spot 41, 42 Crack surface 43 Block 32, 33 Crack

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] December 4, 1997

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Brief description of drawings

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a ground stability evaluation system in rock excavation according to the present embodiment, (a) is an entire block diagram,
(B) is a side view showing a state where a face is being measured.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a measurement unit.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a procedure of a method for evaluating the stability of ground in rock excavation according to the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a view showing a state in which photographing data of a face is displayed on a display, wherein FIG.
(B) is a figure regarding the face 11b.

5A and 5B are diagrams showing a work procedure of a method for evaluating the stability of ground in rock excavation according to the present embodiment, wherein FIG. 5A shows a state where a crack surface is created, and FIG. 5B shows a state where a block body is created from the crack surface. FIG.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a work procedure of a mountain stability evaluation method according to a modification.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a work procedure of a ground stability evaluation method according to another modification.

[Description of Signs] 1 crack position measuring means 2 crack surface calculating means 3 block body calculating means 4 output means 5 laser oscillator 6 digital camera (imaging means) 7 measuring unit 11 face 22 calculating unit 23 display (output means) 24 printer (printer) Output means) 31a, 31b Laser spot 41, 42 Crack surface 43 Block body 32, 33 Crack

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A crack position measuring means for measuring a coordinate position of a crack generated in a face at a first sectional position and a face at a second sectional position separated by a predetermined distance from the sectional surface, and A crack surface calculating means for calculating a coordinate position of the crack surface from a coordinate position of the crack at the first sectional position and a crack at the second sectional position belonging to the same crack surface; And a block calculating means for calculating a coordinate position of the block surrounded by the plurality of cracked surfaces. 2. The ground stability evaluation system in rock excavation according to claim 1, further comprising output means for outputting an image of the block body. 3. The crack position measuring means includes an imaging means for imaging the face, and measures a coordinate position of the crack from image data obtained by the imaging means. Ground stability evaluation system for rock excavation as described. 4. The crack position measuring means includes a laser oscillator for irradiating at least two laser spots on the face face, and the face irradiated with the laser spot is imaged together with the spot by the imaging means. With
The ground stability evaluation system for rock excavation according to claim 3, wherein the coordinate position of the crack is measured from image data obtained by the imaging means. 5. A coordinate position of a crack generated in a face at a first cross-sectional position and a coordinate position of a crack generated in a face at a second cross-sectional position separated by a predetermined distance from the cross-section are measured. Calculating the coordinate position of the crack surface from the coordinate position of the crack at the first cross-sectional position and the crack at the second cross-sectional position,
A ground stability evaluation method for rock excavation, comprising: calculating a coordinate position of a block surrounded by a plurality of calculated crack surfaces; and determining whether the block is free from the surrounding ground.