JPH11505233A - 注入可能な薬剤溶液の発熱因子除去方法 - Google Patents
注入可能な薬剤溶液の発熱因子除去方法Info
- Publication number
- JPH11505233A JPH11505233A JP8534526A JP53452696A JPH11505233A JP H11505233 A JPH11505233 A JP H11505233A JP 8534526 A JP8534526 A JP 8534526A JP 53452696 A JP53452696 A JP 53452696A JP H11505233 A JPH11505233 A JP H11505233A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- injectable
- diagnostic
- filtration
- ultrafiltration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000011045 prefiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002158 endotoxin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002510 pyrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000780 iomeprol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- NJKDOADNQSYQEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iomeprol Chemical group OCC(=O)N(C)C1=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C1I NJKDOADNQSYQEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004647 iopamidol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- XQZXYNRDCRIARQ-LURJTMIESA-N iopamidol Chemical group C[C@H](O)C(=O)NC1=C(I)C(C(=O)NC(CO)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NC(CO)CO)=C1I XQZXYNRDCRIARQ-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013583 drug formulation Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229940126534 drug product Drugs 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 33
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- -1 2-hydroxypropyl Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Natural products NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000032 diagnostic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940039227 diagnostic agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000267 glycino group Chemical group [H]N([*])C([H])([H])C(=O)O[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000007972 injectable composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001025 iohexol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- NTHXOOBQLCIOLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iohexol Chemical compound OCC(O)CN(C(=O)C)C1=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C1I NTHXOOBQLCIOLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960000824 iopentol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- IUNJANQVIJDFTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iopentol Chemical compound COCC(O)CN(C(C)=O)C1=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C1I IUNJANQVIJDFTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- QBPPRVHXOZRESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane Chemical compound C1CNCCNCCNCCN1 QBPPRVHXOZRESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAJWTEKYWYVTIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,3-n-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-(3-hydroxy-2-oxopiperidin-1-yl)-2,4,6-triiodobenzene-1,3-dicarboxamide Chemical compound OCC(O)CNC(=O)C1=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C(N2C(C(O)CCC2)=O)=C1I NAJWTEKYWYVTIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFOVUHQJAMLXDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-n,5-n-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodo-5-n-methylbenzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide Chemical compound OCC(O)CN(C)C(=O)C1=C(I)C(C(N)=O)=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C1I ZFOVUHQJAMLXDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNZBBKHCMKTQJQ-UWVGGRQHSA-N 3-n-(1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-n-[3-[[3-(1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-ylcarbamoyl)-5-[[(2s)-2-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-2,4,6-triiodobenzoyl]amino]-2-hydroxypropyl]-5-[[(2s)-2-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-2,4,6-triiodobenzene-1,3-dicarboxamide Chemical compound OCC(CO)NC(=O)C1=C(I)C(NC(=O)[C@@H](O)C)=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CNC(=O)C=2C(=C(C(=O)NC(CO)CO)C(I)=C(NC(=O)[C@H](C)O)C=2I)I)=C1I NNZBBKHCMKTQJQ-UWVGGRQHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RHISTIGVAKTTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[[3-[3,5-bis(1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-ylcarbamoyl)-n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,4,6-triiodoanilino]-3-oxopropanoyl]-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1-n,3-n-bis(1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,4,6-triiodobenzene-1,3-dicarboxamide Chemical compound IC=1C(C(=O)NC(CO)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NC(CO)CO)=C(I)C=1N(CCO)C(=O)CC(=O)N(CCO)C1=C(I)C(C(=O)NC(CO)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NC(CO)CO)=C1I RHISTIGVAKTTCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical group OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUHXFSYUBXNTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iotrolan Chemical compound IC=1C(C(=O)NC(CO)C(O)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NC(CO)C(O)CO)=C(I)C=1N(C)C(=O)CC(=O)N(C)C1=C(I)C(C(=O)NC(CO)C(O)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NC(CO)C(O)CO)=C1I XUHXFSYUBXNTHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMDBBAQNWSUWGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ioversol Chemical compound OCCN(C(=O)CO)C1=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C1I AMDBBAQNWSUWGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002059 diagnostic imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- SLYTULCOCGSBBJ-FCQHKQNSSA-I disodium;2-[[(2s)-2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)propyl]-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetate;gadolinium(3+) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Gd+3].CCOC1=CC=C(C[C@@H](CN(CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O)N(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O)C=C1 SLYTULCOCGSBBJ-FCQHKQNSSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HZHFFEYYPYZMNU-UHFFFAOYSA-K gadodiamide Chemical compound [Gd+3].CNC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC(=O)NC HZHFFEYYPYZMNU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940102223 injectable solution Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007913 intrathecal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004108 iobitridol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YLPBXIKWXNRACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iobitridol Chemical compound OCC(O)CN(C)C(=O)C1=C(I)C(NC(=O)C(CO)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)N(C)CC(O)CO)=C1I YLPBXIKWXNRACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950002407 iodecimol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004359 iodixanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NBQNWMBBSKPBAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodixanol Chemical compound IC=1C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C=1N(C(=O)C)CC(O)CN(C(C)=O)C1=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C1I NBQNWMBBSKPBAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950003517 iofratol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GOIQOQCNFWYSTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iophenoic acid Chemical compound CCC(C(O)=O)CC1=C(I)C=C(I)C(O)=C1I GOIQOQCNFWYSTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004657 iophenoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002603 iopromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DGAIEPBNLOQYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iopromide Chemical compound COCC(=O)NC1=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C(I)C(C(=O)N(C)CC(O)CO)=C1I DGAIEPBNLOQYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008506 iotriside Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003182 iotrolan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004537 ioversol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002611 ioxilan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UUMLTINZBQPNGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ioxilan Chemical compound OCC(O)CN(C(=O)C)C1=C(I)C(C(=O)NCCO)=C(I)C(C(=O)NCC(O)CO)=C1I UUMLTINZBQPNGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004502 levodopa Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001537 neural effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001308 poly(aminoacid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- BENFPBJLMUIGGD-UHFFFAOYSA-I trisodium;2-[2-[carboxylatomethyl-[[3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-(phosphonatooxymethyl)pyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]ethyl-[[3-hydroxy-5-[[hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl]oxymethyl]-2-methylpyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]acetate;manganese(2+) Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[H+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Mn+2].CC1=NC=C(COP([O-])([O-])=O)C(CN(CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC=2C(=C(C)N=CC=2COP([O-])([O-])=O)[O-])CC([O-])=O)=C1[O-] BENFPBJLMUIGGD-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1. 実質的に以下の工程を含むことを特徴とする注入可能な薬剤溶液の発熱 因子除去方法: 微小濾過ユニットにより溶液を予備濾過する工程、 細菌内毒素の通過を拒絶するような孔径を有する分岐限外濾過膜が備えられ、 そこでの保持物はプレフィルターからの溶液に直接戻され、一方、発熱因子含量 についての薬局方により設定された限界に従う透過物は収集器に収集されて仕上 げ前に攪拌下に均質化される限外濾過ユニットに前記工程からの溶液を送る工程 。 2. 1〜3atmの間で変りうる圧力下に注入可能な薬剤溶液をプレフィルタ ーに送る請求項1に記載の方法。 3. 前記プレフィルターが、直列に接続された孔径の減少する一以上の濾過 カートリッジを含む請求項1に記載の方法。 4. 前記プレフィルターが、それぞれ1μ〜0.22 μの直列に接続された二 つの濾過カートリッジを含む請求項3に記載の方法。 5. 前記プレフィルターが、平均孔径が0.5μの減少する単一の濾過カート リッジを含む請求項3に記載の方法。 6. 前記限外濾過ユニットが、平均カットオフが10000ドルトンである分岐 限外濾過膜を備え同時または個々に操作することのできる一以上の濾過モジュー ルを含む請求項1に記載の方法。 7. 前記分岐限外濾過膜が実質的にセルロース系である請求項6に記載の方 法。 8. 前記膜が再生セルロースである請求項7に記載の方法。 9. 限外濾過ユニットにかけられる膜通過圧が、1m2当たり4〜70L/hで 変りうる透過物の流出速度を可能とする請求項1に記載の方法。 10.前記膜通過圧が1〜5atmの間を変化する請求項9に記載の方法。 11.操作温度が、全工程を通して20℃〜55℃の間で変りうる請求項1に記載 の方法。 12.前記注入可能な薬剤組成物が診断用途の製剤である請求項1に記載の 方法。 13.前記診断用薬剤製剤が、有効成分として少なくとも一つの非イオン性含 ヨーソ放射隠蔽剤を含む請求項12に記載の方法。 14.前記放射隠蔽剤がヨーパミドールである請求項13に記載の方法。 15.前記放射隠蔽剤がヨーメプロールである請求項13に記載の方法。 16.前記製剤が、非イオン性含ヨーソ放射隠蔽剤の単量体および二量体の混 合物を含む請求項13に記載の方法。 17.前記診断用薬剤製剤が、有効成分として少なくとも一つのNMR像形成 用の対比図剤を含む請求項13に記載の方法。 18.前記対比図剤が、常磁性金属のイオンのキレートである請求項17に記載 の方法。 19.前記常磁性キレートが、GD-BOPTA、Gd-HPD03Aおよびそれ らの塩から選択される請求項18に記載の方法。 20.分岐限外濾過により請求項1の注入可能な薬剤溶液を発熱因子除去する ための、図2および関連する記載に相当する設備。 21.診断用注入可能な薬剤溶液を発熱因子除去するための請求項20に記載の 設備。 22.放射隠蔽注入可能な診断溶液を発熱因子除去するための請求項20に記載 の設備。 23.NMR像形成のための注入可能な診断溶液を発熱因子除去するための請 求項20に記載の設備。 24.請求項1の方法により得られる発熱因子除去された放射隠蔽注入可能な 診断溶液。 25.請求項1の方法により得られるNMR像形成のための発熱因子除去され た注入可能な診断溶液。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT95A000987 | 1995-05-16 | ||
ITMI950987A IT1275427B (it) | 1995-05-16 | 1995-05-16 | Processo per la depirogenazione di soluzioni farmaceutiche iniettabili |
PCT/EP1996/001953 WO1996036370A1 (en) | 1995-05-16 | 1996-05-09 | Process for the depyrogenation of injectable pharmaceutical solutions |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH11505233A true JPH11505233A (ja) | 1999-05-18 |
JP4202419B2 JP4202419B2 (ja) | 2008-12-24 |
Family
ID=11371606
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP53452696A Expired - Lifetime JP4202419B2 (ja) | 1995-05-16 | 1996-05-09 | 注入可能な薬剤溶液の発熱因子除去方法 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP4202419B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69635341T2 (ja) |
ZA (1) | ZA963183B (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8258264B2 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2012-09-04 | Juridical Foundation The Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute | Process for producing albumin preparation |
JP2013528196A (ja) * | 2010-06-10 | 2013-07-08 | グラクソスミスクライン バイオロジカルズ ソシエテ アノニム | 新規なプロセス |
-
1996
- 1996-04-22 ZA ZA963183A patent/ZA963183B/xx unknown
- 1996-05-09 JP JP53452696A patent/JP4202419B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-09 DE DE69635341T patent/DE69635341T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8258264B2 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2012-09-04 | Juridical Foundation The Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute | Process for producing albumin preparation |
JP2013528196A (ja) * | 2010-06-10 | 2013-07-08 | グラクソスミスクライン バイオロジカルズ ソシエテ アノニム | 新規なプロセス |
JP2016047826A (ja) * | 2010-06-10 | 2016-04-07 | グラクソスミスクライン バイオロジカルズ ソシエテ アノニム | 新規なプロセス |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69635341D1 (de) | 2005-12-01 |
ZA963183B (en) | 1996-08-26 |
JP4202419B2 (ja) | 2008-12-24 |
DE69635341T2 (de) | 2006-05-24 |
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