JPH1137655A - Grain drying method and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make it possible to apply uniform drying to all grains by heating the grains by heat transfer through contact with an inner face of a heating chamber and heat radiation and mixing heated solid heating members into the grains so as to promote discharge of moisture in fruit bodies and exhausting all moisture discharged. SOLUTION: Grains 1 are charged from one end of a mixing heater 201 continuously. Solid heating members 2 made of a ceramic or the like capable of being sorted and separated mechanically from the grains 1 are heated and delivered, and are joined on a chute 225 of the grains 1 and the grains in a state of being blended with the solid heating members are fed to the mixing heater 201 having a heating drum. Heat is transferred from the mixing heater 201 and the solid heating members 2 to the grains 1 while the heating drum is being rotated and the grains are moved forward sequentially and discharged from an end part and separated from the heating members 2 by a grain separator 401. The separated grains 1 are dried by a drier 501 through a conveyor 802 and the solid heating members 2 are returned to a solid heater 101 from the grain separator 401 by a conveyor 803.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for drying cereals.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the description of the present invention, cereals are defined as ripe seeds of legumes (hereinafter referred to as "beans") such as soybeans, red beans, and beans, and cereals such as rice and wheat. It is a generic term for edible seeds (hereinafter referred to as "cereals"). Conventionally, various methods and apparatuses have been provided for drying grains, that is, rice and wheat, but there has been no method and apparatus for drying beans in a good condition.

First, a conventional method and apparatus for drying beans will be described. Usually, the beans are harvested when the water content in the grain is 25% to 20%, and the beans are then dried and stored until the water content in the grain is 15% or less. Conventionally, when harvesting beans and drying them after threshing, the beans are stored in a container surrounded by a net, and heated in a drying chamber with hot air sent from a burner or the like to remove moisture in the grain. While diverging, the indoor air containing moisture released from the beans by the intake fan was discharged outside the room.

Next, a conventional method and apparatus for drying a grain will be described. Usually, the grain is dried to 15% to 16% for rice (fir) having a moisture content of 24% to 26%, and to 13% to 14% for wheat having a moisture content of about 30%. And then store. Regarding the drying of cereals, various types of dryers have been put to practical use as described above, but they are basically dried by warm air, and in one example, in the vertical direction inside the outer wall surrounded by, With a perforated plate provided with a number of small holes of a size that does not allow grain to enter, the ventilation part and the grain storage part are alternately partitioned, and the grains charged into the grain storage part are sequentially sent out by a rotary valve etc. provided at the lower end. A method in which the grain is supplied from the upper end, the grain is heated by the warm air sent from the small holes of the perforated plate in the adjacent ventilation section, and the air containing moisture released from the grain is discharged out of the dryer by the intake fan. Was taking.

[0005]

First, in terms of beans, in recent years, especially on large-scale farms for cultivating beans, the use of combines has become common, and as a result, beans are subjected to the process of threshing on the combine. If the beans that have been shed in large quantities at once are immediately dried and the water content is reduced to a storable state, the quality will deteriorate.
According to the conventional technology, the beans in the container in the drying chamber are filled with beans and dried by sending warm air in a stationary state.
There is a problem that it is difficult to maintain the quality of the whole amount as a result that the degree of drying varies depending on the position of the beans in the container due to the unevenness of the hot air, and it is difficult to obtain a uniform drying effect.

For this reason, a method of drying the beans while stirring them by hand has been adopted. However, since a large amount of labor is required and the work is performed manually, the stirring is performed with a rough aim, so that uniform drying is required. Drying is extremely difficult. On the other hand, even if an attempt is made to increase the drying efficiency by sending a large amount of excessively high-temperature hot air, the drying treatment with the excessively high-temperature air causes deterioration in quality such as generation of wrinkles and changes in moisture in grain.

Next, regarding grains, as described above, various drying methods and apparatuses have been conventionally put into practical use.
Although they have a sufficient effect, all of them are intended only for rice and wheat, and as described below, it is impossible to use them for drying beans and beans. is there. 1) All structures are set so as to be compatible with the cereal drying process, and are configured to be unchangeable such as by welding. 2) Beans are large in size compared to cereals, and because the skin is thick, the transfer of heat by hot air into the grains is slow, so that a dryer that supports cereals can provide a sufficient moisture wicking effect. However, if an excessively high temperature air is applied to compensate for this, quality deterioration such as generation of wrinkles and changes in grain components is caused as described above. In some cases, drying of beans has been attempted using a grain dryer, but for the reasons described above, satisfactory drying cannot be carried out, and thus it has not been used thereafter.

The present invention is intended to solve these problems and to provide an automatic and labor-saving drying method and apparatus which can deal with all kinds of cereals, that is, beans and cereals, and can perform uniform drying. is there.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is as follows to solve these problems. First, conceptually, the drying process of cereals, that is, a series of steps related to heating and drying of cereals is an automatic flow operation, the heating temperature is automatically detected, and the drying state is inspected. Temperature and flow speed shall be freely adjustable.

[0010] The heating of the cereals is not based on warm air, but by heat transfer and heat radiation by contact with the inner surface of a heating chamber, which will be described later. In, separately, a moderately heated solid heating material is mixed into the cereal, using a method of increasing the heat transmission opportunity and promoting the release of moisture in the grain, the solid heating material is then separated from the cereal Then, the loss temperature portion is circulated and used by reheating.

[0011] The moderately heated cereals are sent to a dryer using a conveyor, and while being transported, moist air released from the cereals is suctioned by an intake fan equipped through a duct and discharged outside. Then, the drying treatment is completed by reducing the water content in the grain of the cereal to a predetermined value. The moisture after drying is examined, and if necessary, the cereals are returned from the dryer to the heating stage by a conveyor, and are circulated to be dried to a predetermined moisture.

Next, a method and an apparatus for heating cereals will be described. Grains sent from the container by a conveyor such as a conveyor are supplied with appropriate heat by hot water or steam from a heat exchanger, and are continuously supplied from one end of a mixing heater that appropriately heats.

On the other hand, it is chemically and physically stable in warm water and air, and has no adverse effect even when it comes into contact with cereals, for example, a roughly spherical shape made of ceramics, stones, stainless metals, glass and the like. As a separate heating medium, a solid heating material which is larger than the cereal to be treated and which has a size that can be mechanically sorted and separated from the cereal reliably can be used.

[0014] A solid heating material heater equipped with a variable speed conveyor inside for heating the solid heating material by the hot water supplied from the heat exchanger is provided. The appropriate amount is charged and heated to an appropriate temperature while being sent by a conveyor, and then sent out, and then merged on a cereal conveying device to be fed into a mixing and heating machine. As described above, the cereal and the solid heating material are sent to the mixing and heating machine in a mixed state to transfer heat to the cereal. The hot water whose temperature has dropped in the solid heating material heater returns to the heat exchanger, where it is reheated by the loss temperature and circulated.

The mixing heater is disposed substantially horizontally, has a cylindrical outer periphery, and has a longitudinal central portion pivotally supported at both ends.
It has a heating drum that is driven and rotated by a variable speed motor. Openings are provided at both ends of the heating drum, and the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion is double-sealed concentrically at an appropriate interval, and the outer peripheral wall of the heating chamber located at the center side is equipped with cereals and solid heating. Feed blades are provided spirally and intermittently fixed so as to have an appropriate lead angle in the longitudinal direction for sequentially advancing the material.

On the other hand, a cylindrical hot water chamber provided outside the heating chamber is appropriately heated by a heat exchanger through a rotary joint provided at both ends of a longitudinal rotation shaft and a pipe communicating with the hot water chamber. The hot water or steam is sent from one end and circulates in the hot water chamber to transfer heat to the heating chamber, and then returns to the heat exchanger from the other end to be reheated by the loss temperature and circulated. The outer peripheral side of the hot water chamber is covered with a heat insulating material to prevent heat from radiating to the outside. With the above-described configuration, as the heating drum rotates, the cereal advances sequentially while transferring heat from the mixing heater and the solid heating material, and is sent out from the end.

The cereal and the solid heating material sent from the mixing and heating machine are sent to a cereal separator for separating and separating each while being transported. The grain separator, from the inlet side to the outlet side, that is, provided with a separation drum such as a sieve plate formed in a cylindrical shape with the transport direction as an axis, and arranged so that the outlet side has an adjustable downward slope, each The separation drum is rotated by driving a pair of rollers on the inlet side and the outlet side, which receive an annular rail fixed to the entire outer periphery of the end on the lower side, with a variable speed motor.

By ensuring that only the grains pass through the entire circumference of the separation drum and that a large number of holes having a diameter that cannot pass the solid heating material are provided, all the beans are sieved out and sent to the dryer by the conveyor. On the other hand, the solid heating material is sent out from the end of the separation drum and transported by a conveyor,
It is returned to the solid heating material heater, reheated by the loss temperature, and circulated. The feed speed can be freely set by adjusting the rotation speed and the gradient.

Next, a drying method and a drying apparatus will be described. The dryer is divided into a plurality of stages vertically in the drying room,
The grains are dried while being sequentially transferred from the top by a drying conveyor which is a chain conveyor driven by a variable speed motor, which is continuously arranged with the transport direction alternately reversed.

Attach slats to each link of a pair of left and right chains of each drying conveyor, connect the slats to each other to receive cereals, and install vertical side plates at both ends of the slats to prevent the cereals from falling off to the sides. Fix it. Each slat and its side plate are provided with small holes over the entire surface, the size of which does not allow grain to enter, for better ventilation.

Also, a number of stirring rods made of a material such as a round bar are arranged in a zigzag manner in the traveling direction of the drying conveyor on the conveying surface of each drying conveyor in the traveling direction of the drying conveyor so as to form a staggered arrangement on the drying machine frame. The cereals are agitated by being fixed, and the cereals conveyed against the cereals are stirred to further enhance the drying efficiency, and the drying is made uniform. The drying chamber has a closed structure except for a communication portion of a hood, an air adjustment damper portion, a feeding portion and a feeding portion of cereals, which will be described later.

On the back side of the drying chamber in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of the drying conveyor, a duct is provided for sucking moist air from the cereals to communicate with the drying chamber, and is discharged to the outside by an intake fan. . An intake adjusting section having a valve whose opening degree can be freely adjusted is provided in the duct path so that the intake amount can be freely adjusted as needed.

On the other hand, on the front side of the drying chamber, that is, on the opposite side of the duct, a number of air adjustment dampers whose opening can be freely adjusted are arranged, and the amount of air sucked into the drying chamber can be freely adjusted as required. Configuration.

[0024] The water content in the grains of the cereal released from the lowermost drying conveyor is measured. If water remaining at a predetermined level or more remains, the water is returned to the inlet side of the mixing and heating machine by the conveyor and reheated. And a circulation line for feeding to the dryer.

Information on the temperature of each apparatus and the level of the hot water in the solid heating material heater is all sent to an automatic detector such as temperature, and the drying state is inspected. The transfer speed, the supply of heat from the heat exchanger, and the like can be electrically controlled and adjusted on the operation panel.

[0026]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 is a cereal. 2 is a solid heating material, which is chemically and physically stable in warm water or air and has no adverse effect even when it comes into contact with cereals, for example, ceramics, stones, stainless metals, and glasses It is a roughly spherical solid, larger than cereals to be dried, and of a size that can be reliably separated and separated from cereals.

The heating temperature and transport speed in the mixing heater 201, the solid heating material heater 101, and the drying machine correspond to the moisture content in the grain of the cereal 1 to be dried detected by a known moisture meter. In a state in which the ventilation amount and the conveying speed in 501 are set in advance, the cereals 1 are passed through the chute 225 by the mixing heater 2 by the conveying device (not shown).
01 is continuously supplied from the inlet 208A.

Configuration of the solid heating material heater 101 and the like (see FIGS. 2 to 4) On the other hand, the solid heating material 2 is heated by the chute 122 from the chute 122 in an appropriate amount corresponding to the amount of the grains 1 to be processed. It is put into the machine 101. Reference numeral 102 denotes a water tank, which is closed with respect to the frame 103 by a side plate 104A, a back plate 104B, a bottom plate 104C, and a slope plate 104D except for the upper surface, and stores hot water. 105 is a side plate 104
It is a manhole that can be opened and closed for inspection and cleaning provided on both sides at the bottom of A.

Reference numeral 109 denotes an endless chain conveyor provided at the center of the water tank 102 in the longitudinal direction.
The solid heating material 2 supplied from the container 22 is conveyed in warm water, and its destination side is provided with an upward slope to a position higher than the water tank 102.
, And the solid heating material 2 is mixed into the cereals 1 on the chute 225.

The chain 110 of the chain conveyor 109
A slat 111 is attached to each of the links to form a transfer surface, and a bar 112 is arranged and fixed on the upper surface of the slat at an appropriate interval in a direction orthogonal to the traveling direction.
The transport of the solid heating material 2 is performed smoothly. Inside the water tank 102, the side guide plate 1 is slanted from the upper end of the water tank 102 so that the lower end surrounds the conveying surface of the chain conveyor 109.
06 and the rear guide plate 106A are provided to guide the solid heating material 2 onto the slat 111 and to prevent the solid heating material 2 from dissipating to other places.

The chain conveyor 109 includes the motor base 1
It is driven by a variable speed motor 114 fixed on 14A. 115 and 116 are sprockets, and 117
Is a chain. 119 is a drive shaft of the chain conveyor 109, and has a pair of sprockets 118 for driving the chain conveyor 109 on the shaft. 119A is a tail shaft, which has a pair of sprockets 118A on the shaft.

Reference numeral 120 denotes a pair of bearings for supporting the drive shaft 119, and reference numeral 120A denotes a pair of bearings for supporting the tail shaft 119A. Reference numeral 113 denotes a rail for guiding the chain 110, which is fixed to a conveyor support 113A fixed to the bottom plate 104C. A pair of left and right skirts 121 guides the solid heating material 2 being conveyed on both sides.

Reference numeral 107 denotes a pipe for supplying hot water from the heat exchanger 301A into the water tank 102, and reference numeral 108 denotes a pipe for returning hot water whose temperature has dropped to the heat exchanger 301A. 7
01A is a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of hot water, and 701B is a non-contact type temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the fed solid heating material. The data of the temperature sensors 701A and 701B is electrically sent to an automatic temperature detector 701 and the operation panel 702 is generated based on the data.
In, the speed of the chain conveyor 109 is adjusted, or the temperature and supply amount of the hot water from the heat exchanger 301A are electrically controlled via the heat exchanger control unit 301, so that the optimum state can be maintained.

Reference numeral 701C denotes a hot water level sensor.
02 is electrically detected, the data is sent to an automatic detector 701 such as temperature, and a signal sent from the operation panel 702 to the heat exchanger control unit 301 is used to detect the level of the heat exchanger 3.
The supply amount of hot water from 01A is controlled, and the level of hot water is maintained at a predetermined position.

Configuration of Mixer / Heating Machine 201 and the Like (See FIGS. 6 to 8) 201 is a mixing / heating machine for heating the cereal 1 and the solid heating material 2 appropriately in a mixed state. In the mixing heater 201, the outer periphery is cylindrical, and is disposed substantially horizontally in the longitudinal direction,
The shaft 210 at the center of the heating drum 203 is supported by a bearing 220 and rotates on the frame 202 at both ends.
Is provided.

The outer peripheral portion of the heating drum 203 is concentrically double-sealed with an outer cylinder 204 at an appropriate interval.
And an inner cylinder 205 inside, and between the outer cylinder 204 and the inner cylinder 205, a cylindrical sealed hot water chamber 214 is formed. The inner side of the inner cylinder 205 is the heating chamber 20.
9.

The inner cylinder 205 is formed so as to be tapered slightly from near one end toward the end, and the end has an annular end cover 208 in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
Are fixed, and the center side is a circular inlet 208A. On the other hand, the inner cylinder 205 is tapered from the vicinity of the other end to the other end, and the end is configured to be in close contact with the outer cylinder 204.
B.

A connecting plate 2 provided at a parallel portion near both ends of the inner cylinder 205 and at a boundary between the tapered portions 205A and 205B.
06 and the connecting plate 207, the inner cylinder 205 and the shaft 210 at the center of the heating drum 203 are connected and fixed concentrically. A large number of arc-shaped notches 206A and 207A are provided in an equally divided state. Also, the inner cylinder 20
A number of spirally and intermittently arranged feed blades 218 are fixed to the inner periphery of the helical member 5 so as to have an appropriate lead angle over the entire length between the connecting plates 206 and 207 in the longitudinal direction. .

The hot water supplied from the heat exchanger 301B is introduced through a pipe 211,
Through the communicating hole 210A, through the pipe 213 communicating therewith, enter the end of the hot water chamber 214, circulate while transferring heat to the inner cylinder 205, enter the communicating hole 210B from the pipe 215 communicating therewith, and rotate Joint 216, pipe 217
, The heat is returned to the heat exchanger 301B, and the heat is reheated by the amount of heat loss and circulation is performed. The heat medium from the heat exchanger 301B can be steam instead of hot water. In the case of heating by steam, a pressure regulating valve is provided in the heat exchanger 301B,
The heating temperature is adjusted by changing the pressure in the passage. 219 is a heat insulating material for preventing heat from being dissipated to the outside of the heating drum.

The heating drum 203 is a variable speed motor 22
1 is driven. 222 and 223 are sprockets, and 224 is a chain. Cereals 1 and solid heating material 2
After being fed from the chute 225 into the inlet 208A of the rotating heating drum, after reaching the heating chamber 209 from the notch 206A, it is advanced by the feed blade, passes through the notch 207A on the sending side, and is discharged from the outlet 208B. Is delivered to the chute 226. The cereal 1 receives heat with a large contact area from the inner cylinder 205 of the heating drum 203 and the solid heating material 2 in the mixing heater 201,
Moisture in the grain can be efficiently sent to the epidermis side.

Reference numeral 701D denotes a non-contact type temperature sensor disposed above the chute 226, which detects the temperature of the cereal 1 and the solid heating material 2 in a mixed state at this position.
The data is electrically sent to an automatic detector for temperature and the like 701 and used as data for adjusting the heating temperature.

Structure of Grain Separator 401 etc. (see FIGS. 8 to 10) 401 is a cereal separator which separates and separates the cereal 1 and the solid heating material 2 supplied from the chute 226 according to the difference in size. is there. Reference numeral 402 is a generic name of a base frame, and is composed of legs 402A arranged at each corner, side members 402B arranged side by side, and a pair of cross members 402C connecting the side members 402B at both ends in side view. You. Side member 402
Has an appropriate gradient in side view. Each leg 40
On the lower surface of 2A, a level adjuster 402E for adjusting the height and the gradient is provided.

Above the base frame 402, there is provided a separation drum 404 formed in a cylindrical shape with the longitudinal direction as an axis. The cereals 1 pass through the entire surface of the separation drum 404 without fail and cannot pass through the solid heating material 2.
Are provided, and an annular rail 40 is provided on the outer peripheral side of both ends.
8 is fixed. An annular end cover 405 is fixed to one end of the separation drum 404, and a round hole on the center side thereof is a feed port 406 for the grains 1 and the solid heating material 2, and the other end is a feed port 407 for the solid heating material 2. .

A pair of left and right shafts 410 are arranged above the base frame 402 in the longitudinal direction, and both ends thereof are rotatably supported by bearings 411.
10 has rollers 4 corresponding to the positions of the rails 408.
09 is fixed, and the rail 408 is mounted on the roller 409. The separation drum 404 is configured to have an appropriate downward gradient from the inlet to the outlet, following the side member 402B.

Reference numeral 403 denotes a pair of upper frames which are provided above the base frame 402 and are formed in a gate shape so as to straddle the separation drum 404 at an angle of 90 degrees with respect to the side members 402B. Fixed to member 402B. 402D is a stay for reinforcement.

As described above, since the separation drum 404 has an appropriate gradient in the axial direction, the separation drum 404 supports the side surface on the downward slope side of each rail 408 to prevent the separation drum 404 from moving in the axial direction during rotation. A roller 418 is provided. The roller 418 is rotatably attached to a vertical shaft 419 fixed to the center of the horizontal member at the upper end of the upper frame 403, and rotates with the rail 408 while being pressed by receiving the axial force of the rail 408.

Reference numeral 412 denotes a variable speed motor, in which one shaft 410 is driven by sprockets 413 and 414 and a chain 415, and the other shaft 410 is simultaneously driven by sprockets 416 and 416 and a chain 417. ing. 412A is a mount for fixing the motor 412.

The cereal 1 and the solid heating material 2 are continuously fed from a mixing heater 201 through a chute 226 through a feed port 406 in a mixed state, and the rotating separation drum 40 is rotated.
4 is provided with a downward gradient in the traveling direction, so that only the grains 1 are sieved out from the small holes 404A while sequentially moving forward, put into the conveyor 802 via the hopper 420, and conveyed to the dryer 501. On the other hand, the solid heating material is discharged from the delivery port 407, is fed into the conveyor 803 via the chute 421, is sent back to the chute 225 of the mixing heater 201, is again charged into the mixing heater 201, and is circulated.

The feed speed in the separation drum 404 can be freely changed by adjusting the gradient of the separation drum 404 and adjusting the rotation speed of the motor 412. By providing a temperature sensor 701G above the conveyor 802, data on the temperature of the heated grain 1 is sent to the temperature and other automatic detector 701, and a signal is sent from the operation panel 702 to the heat exchanger control unit 301 based on the data. The temperature and supply amount of the heating medium, that is, hot water or steam, from the heat exchanger 301B is controlled.
Thus, the rotation speed of the heating drum 203 is controlled.

Reference numeral 701H denotes a temperature sensor provided above the conveyor 803. Data on the temperature of the separated solid heating material 2 is sent to an automatic detector 701 such as a temperature sensor. And the temperature and supply amount of the hot water sent from the heat exchanger 301A to the water tank 102 are controlled, while the operation panel 702 controls the transport speed of the chain conveyor 109.

The structure of the dryer 501 and the like (FIG. 11)
Reference numeral 501 denotes a dryer. Reference numeral 502 denotes a frame that forms the entire skeleton. 503A is a front cover, 503B
Is the back cover, 503C is the cover on both sides, 503
D is a top cover and 503E is a bottom cover,
The inside covered by these covers constitutes a drying chamber 504. The drying chamber 504 has a sealed structure except for a communication portion of the hood 525 on the rear side, an air adjustment damper 528 on the front side, a feeding chute 517 on the upper surface, and a feeding portion 519 on the bottom surface.

Inside the drying chamber 504, a drying conveyor 50 having a plurality of stages vertically and a conveying direction alternately reversed in the vertical direction.
5 are supported in the frame 502 in a row. The drying conveyor 505 is a kind of chain conveyor, and slats 507 are attached to each link of a pair of conveyor chains 506 of each conveyor, which are connected to each other to form a conveying surface. 506A is the conveyor chain 50
6, which is fixed to the frame 502.

Reference numeral 507A denotes a slat body, and both ends in the transport direction are alternately formed in an uneven shape. Adjacent slat bodies 507A are configured such that convex portions and concave portions are fitted to each other. Is formed as a hook-shaped connecting hook 507B facing downward. By inserting the connection shaft 507C from the side into the connection hook 507B in a state where the adjacent slat bodies 507A are fitted, the slat bodies 507A are connected to each other.

A vertical side plate 507D is fixed to both side ends of the slat body 507A. The vertical side plate 507D is slightly angled with respect to the traveling direction in plan view so that adjacent side plates 507D overlap. To prevent the cereal from escaping to the sides. Reference numeral 507F denotes a mounting part for the chain 506 provided at both ends, and a chain mounting hole 507F.
Connect to chain 506 using G. Slat body 5
In order to improve ventilation, a large number of small holes 507E having a size that does not allow grains to fit therein are provided in the 07A and the side plate 507D.

On the upper side of the transport surface of the drying conveyor 505,
Stirring rods 521 suspended from the upper side to a position closer to the conveying surface over the entire length of the drying conveyor are arranged in a zigzag manner in the conveying direction, and are held by guides 522 so that the height can be adjusted. 523 fix it in a predetermined position. The guide 522 is connected to the frame 50
2 is fixed to a support member 524 fixed to the support member 524. The cereal 1 being transported hits the stirring rod 521 to perform stirring, thereby further enhancing the drying effect.

The drying conveyor 505 is driven by two variable speed motors 511. Motor shaft sprocket 5
12 is configured to drive the sprocket 513 of the drive shaft 509 of the drying conveyor 505 via the chain 515, and then drive the sprocket 514 of the drying conveyor 505 two stages below via the chain 516 from the sprocket 514, That is, a pair of left and right motors 511
Are configured to drive the drive shafts 509 of the drying conveyors 505 provided in alternate directions from above. 5
09A is a tail shaft of each drying conveyor, and 510 is a bearing of each shaft. Reference numeral 508 denotes a sprocket for driving the conveyor chain 506 and a sprocket for the tail shaft 509A. 518 is a lower drying conveyor 505 sequentially from the top.
This is a connecting chute for transferring cereal 1 to the ship.

Reference numeral 525 denotes a hood provided on the back of the drying chamber 504, and a suction control section 526 and a duct 52
7, a known intake fan 601 driven by a motor (not shown) is provided, and the cereals 1 inside the drying chamber 504 are provided.
The air containing moisture coming out of the air is sucked and discharged outside through the duct 601B. 601A is a belt pulley.

Reference numeral 526 denotes an air intake adjusting section, one end of a cylindrical frame 526A is connected to the hood 525, and the other end is connected to the duct 5a.
27 are connected to each other.
A rotatable shaft 526 supported by bearings 526D whose both ends are fixed to the frame 526A in the frame 526A.
A valve 526B is fixed to C. Reference numeral 526E denotes a disk fixed to the upper bearing 526D, and a plurality of positioning holes 5 into which pins 526I, which will be described later, are fitted.
26F are arranged in an arc shape concentric with the shaft 526C.

Reference numeral 526G denotes a lever, an intermediate portion of which is fixed to a shaft 526C, and a handle 526H which is fixed to one end. The end opposite to the handle 526H is provided with a pin 526 corresponding to the radius from the center of the positioning hole 526.
A hole 526J into which I is inserted is provided, and the direction of the valve 526B is fixed by inserting the pin 526I through the hole 526J and an arbitrary positioning hole 526F. The intake air amount can be adjusted by changing the direction of the valve 526B as necessary.

Air adjustment damper 5 in dryer 501
Regarding the configuration such as 28 (see FIGS. 18 and 19), 528 is an air adjustment damper arranged on the front side of the drying chamber 504 for adjusting the intake amount of outside air. 52
9 is a frame surrounding the periphery, 530 is a drying room 50
4 is a flange to be attached. Reference numeral 531 denotes an adjustment plate horizontally and vertically connected to the inside of the frame 529. Shafts 532 are fixed to both ends in the horizontal direction. The shafts 532 are rotatable in bearing holes 529A provided on both sides of the frame 529. It is inserted.

An arm 533 is fixed to one end of the shaft 532, and a hole 533 provided at the end of each arm 533 is provided.
A pin 535 provided continuously according to the pitch of the shaft 532 is fitted into a connecting member 534 provided in a direction perpendicular to A, and each adjusting plate is simultaneously rotated by the vertical movement of the connecting member 534. . The angle of the arm 533 with respect to each adjustment plate 531 is set to be the same.

A fixing bracket 537 is provided on the upper surface of the frame 529, and a pin 538 is fixed to the fixing bracket 537. On the other hand, an adjustment lever 536 is fitted rotatably to the pin 538 with a hole 536A at the base thereof. ing.
An elongated hole 536C is provided at a position corresponding to the connecting member 534 of the adjusting lever 536, and a pin 536D fixed to the upper end of the connecting member 534 is fitted therein. When the adjusting lever is rotated, the connecting member 534 moves up and down. Then, the adjusting plate 531 rotates in conjunction with this, and the degree of opening changes, so that the intake amount of outside air can be adjusted.

The fixing bracket 537 is provided with a large number of holes 537A arranged in an arc shape centering on the pin 538, while a hole 536B is provided at a position corresponding to the hole 537A of the adjusting lever 536. By operating the lever 536 to align the hole 536B with one of the optional holes 536B, the adjustment lever 536 can be fixed at that position by passing the pin 539.

The cereal feeding section 5 on the bottom of the drying chamber 504
A switching chute 520 is provided below 19,
Shoot 52 as it is by the moisture of cereal 1 sent out
Select the destination depending on whether it is put into the conveyor 804 via 0A and sent out and stored, or put into the conveyor 805 via the chute 520B and returned to the mixing / heating machine 201 again to perform reheating and drying. Switch.

Immediately after the start of operation, it is assumed that the temperatures of the solid heating material heater 101 and the mixing heater 201 are lower than a predetermined value, so that the temperatures of the solid heating material 2 and the grain 1 do not reach the predetermined temperatures. As a result, it is possible that the moisture after drying may be too much. Therefore, the switching chute 520 is temporarily switched so that the cereal 1 passes through the chute 520B, and the moisture in the grain of the cereal 1 put into the conveyor 805 is measured. If the water content has not been reduced to the predetermined value, the conveyer 805 returns to the chute 225 of the mixing heater 201 and reheats the water. If the water content has been reduced to the predetermined value, the switching chute 520 is operated. By being fed from the chute 520A to the conveyor 804, it is conveyed to the storage unit.

Reference numeral 520C denotes a rotatable shaft. A switching plate 520D is fixed to the shaft. An arm 520E is fixed to one end of the shaft 520C. The tip of the rod of the cylinder 520F is attached to the tip of the arm 520E. The switching plate 520D is rotated by operating the cylinder 520F, and the shoot 520 is branched into two.
A, 520B is configured to close one of the shoots and form a part of the shoot that guides the cereal to the other shoot.

Reference numeral 701E denotes a temperature sensor disposed above the uppermost drying conveyor 505, which detects the temperature of the cereal immediately after being fed from the chute 517.
F is a temperature sensor arranged at the delivery section of the lowermost drying conveyor 505. Temperature sensors 701E, 701
Since the data of F is electrically sent to the automatic detector 701 such as temperature, the speed of the drying conveyor 505 is adjusted on the operation panel 702 based on the data and the measured moisture data.
By adjusting the opening of the valve 526B of the intake adjustment section 526 and the opening of the air adjustment damper 528, an optimal state can be maintained.

The cereals 1 are put into the chute 517 while being heated appropriately, are conveyed on the uppermost drying conveyor 505, and are sequentially transferred to the lower drying conveyor 505 via the connecting chute 518. On the other hand, the drying room 50
4 is discharged outside by the intake fan 601 and outside air is taken in from the air adjustment damper 528.
4 The replacement of the air inside is carried out smoothly, and the drying of the grains is promoted.

The slats 50 of each drying conveyor 505 are also provided.
The slat body 507A and the side plate 507D of No. 7 are provided with small holes 507E on the entire surface, so that ventilation is very good, drying is promoted, and a stirring rod 521 provided over the entire length of the upper conveying surface of the drying conveyor 505 is provided. Always stirs the grains 1 being conveyed, so that the drying effect is further enhanced.

When the grains and grains 1 having completely different sizes are dried by the method and the apparatus of the present invention, the separation drum 40 is used.
4 and the slats 507 of the drying conveyor 505 are exchanged according to the grains 1 to be dried, or the separation drum 4 having a hole having a size corresponding to the size of each grain 1
By branching the apparatus consisting of the cereal 1 and the slat 507 from the supply unit of the cereal 1 to form a plurality of drying processing lines, all the cereals 1 can be handled.

The adjustment of the temperature of each device and the adjustment of the transport speed are as follows.
The operation panel 702 can be configured to perform either automatic control or manual control, and a switch is selected to select one of them.

[0072]

First, the heating temperature of cereals will be described. It is appropriate that the beans are heated under conditions such that the temperature at the time of heating is not higher than 30 ° C. and not higher than the outside air temperature by 15 ° C. or more, and is dried until the water content in the grains becomes 15% or less. On the other hand, cereals are usually heated to 35 ° C. or less, and even to 40 ° C. or less even when the outside air temperature is high, and the moisture in the grain becomes 15% to 16% for brown rice and 13% to 14% for wheat. It is appropriate to carry out drying treatment.

The solid heating material 2 is roughly spherical, and is suitably made of ceramics, stones, stainless metals, and glasses, the diameter of which is selected according to the size of the grains to be dried and is small. The closer it is to the cereal, the better the heat transfer effect, but the more difficult it is to sieve through the cereal separator 401. On the other hand, if it is larger than cereals, there is no problem in sieving, but since the contact area with the cereals in the mixing heater 201 is reduced, the diameter of the solid heating material 2 is the diameter of the cereals 1 to be dried (elongated). For varieties, those having an average diameter of 2 to 3 times the major and minor diameters are appropriate.

The solid heating material 2 comprises a solid heating material heater 101
Is heated by the hot water sent from the heat exchanger 301A, but after the solid heating material 2 is heated, it is heated by the conveyor 801.
Is once put out of the water tank 102 and put into the chute 225 while being exposed to the outside air, merges with the cereals, reaches the mixing and heating machine 401, and contacts the cereals 1 therein, where heat is transferred. There is a temperature loss, so the solid heating material 2 is removed from the water tank
It is necessary to keep extra heating inside.

The heating temperature of the solid heating material 2 in the water tank 102 varies depending on the outside air temperature and the temperature of the cereal 1, but as described above, the appropriate temperature for heating the cereal 1 is 3 in the case of cereal.
The temperature at which the solid heating material 2 exits the water tank 102 is preferably between 50 ° C and 70 ° C. In addition, since the heating temperature of beans is set at 30 ° C., the temperature of the solid heating material 2 also varies depending on the outside air temperature and the temperature of the beans, but is preferably between 45 ° C. and 65 ° C.

Next, the heating temperature in the mixing heater 201 will be described. In the mixing heater 201, the cereals 1
Receives heat from the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical heating chamber 209 which rotates while being mixed with the solid heating material 2, and the temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the heating chamber 209 is detected by a temperature sensor 701 </ b> G provided on the conveyor 802 ahead of the heating chamber 209. The temperature and other automatic detectors 701 are set so that the temperature of the cereal 1 becomes a predetermined heating temperature of the cereal 1, that is, 30 ° C. or less for beans and 35 ° C. to 40 ° C. for cereals. To adjust the rotation speed of the heating drum 203 by a signal from the operation panel 702, or to control the temperature or supply amount of hot water or steam from the heat exchanger 301B to the mixing heater 201 via the heat exchanger control unit 301. Control.

The mixing ratio of the cereal 1 and the solid heating material 2 at the time of mixing and heating needs to be considered depending on the water content of the cereal 1 to be dried, but an appropriate volume ratio of approximately 50% to 50% is appropriate. .

As described above, the water content in the grain of dried cereal 1 is 15% or less for beans, and rice (fir) is
The optimal range is between 15% and 16% for wheat and between 13% and 14% for wheat.

[0079]

According to the method and the apparatus of the present invention, since the grain 1 containing beans is dried by a continuous flow operation, uniform drying can be performed without requiring many workers. It is possible to control the heating temperature, the conveying speed, the airflow of the dryer, and the like in an optimal state based on the data from the temperature sensors and the measurement data of the moisture disposed in various places.

Further, at the stage of heating the cereal 1, by mixing the solid heating material 2, the contact area of heat to the cereal 1 is increased, and the heat at an appropriate temperature can be efficiently transmitted to the cereal 1. The internal water can be efficiently released to the outside. On the other hand, in the dryer 501, small holes 507E are provided on the entire surface of the slats 507 of the drying conveyor 505 to improve ventilation, and the stirring rod 5 provided on the drying conveyor 505 is provided.
Since the cereals 1 are dried while being stirred by 21, a very uniform and highly efficient drying process is enabled.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating the method and apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view in which a part of the solid heating material heater is broken.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a solid heating material heater.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line EE.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a mixing heater.

FIG. 6 is a front view as viewed in the direction of arrows AA.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along the line CC.

FIG. 9 is a side view in which a part of the grain separator is cut away.

FIG. 10 is a front view in which a part is cut off as viewed in the direction of the arrows DD.

FIG. 11 is a front view of the dryer.

FIG. 12 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a main part of transmission of a dryer.

FIG. 13 is a side view in which a part of a dryer and an intake fan is cut away.

FIG. 14 is a plan view in which a part of the dryer is cut away.

FIG. 15 is a plan view of a transport surface of a drying conveyor of the dryer.

FIG. 16 shows slats 1 on a drying conveyor of a dryer.
It is the side view which fractured | ruptured the part.

FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of a transport section of a drying conveyor of the dryer.

FIG. 18 is a side view in which a part of an air adjustment damper of the dryer is cut away.

FIG. 19 is a front view in which a part of an air adjustment damper of the dryer is cut away.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Grain 2 Solid heating material 101 Solid heating material heater 102 Water tank 109 Chain conveyor 201 Mixing heater 203 Heating drum 301 Heat exchanger control unit 401 Grain separator 404 Separation drum 501 Dryer 504 Drying room 505 Drying conveyor 507 Slat 601 Intake fan

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. The heating of the cereal is performed by heat transfer and heat radiation by contact with the inner surface of the heating chamber and the like. After mixing the solid heating material that has been heated into the cereal to increase the heat transfer opportunity and promote the release of moisture in the grain, the moderately heated cereal obtained by separating from the solid heating material is dried. A method for drying cereals, characterized in that the humid air released from cereals by a machine or the like is discharged outdoors to reduce the water content in the cereal grains to a predetermined value. 2. A solid heating material is chemically and physically stable in warm water and air, and is made of ceramics, stones, stainless metals, glasses, etc., which do not adversely affect contact with cereals. A roughly spherical solid, larger than the cereal to be processed,
The method for drying cereals according to claim 1, wherein the cereals are sized so as to be surely mechanically separated and separable from cereals. 3. The cereal is supplied with a suitable amount of heat by hot water or steam from a heat exchanger, and is continuously supplied from one end of a mixing heater that appropriately heats the cereal, and is supplied from the heat exchanger. With hot water, a solid heating material heater equipped with a variable speed conveyor is provided inside for heating the solid heating material, a predetermined amount of the solid heating material is charged therein, and this is heated to a predetermined temperature and sent out, It is configured to be merged on a cereal conveying device to be fed to the mixing heater, and the mixing heater includes:
A heating drum which is arranged substantially horizontally, has a cylindrical outer periphery, and has a longitudinal center portion pivotally supported at both ends, and is provided with a heating drum which rotates by being driven by a variable speed motor, has openings at both ends of the heating drum. The outer periphery of the cylindrical portion is double-sealed concentrically with an appropriate interval, and the outer peripheral wall of the heating chamber located at the center side thereof has feed blades for sequentially moving grains and solid heating material forward. The cylindrical hot water chamber provided outside the heating chamber is provided with hot water or steam at an appropriate temperature from the heat exchanger via pipes communicating with the hot water chambers provided at both ends of the longitudinal rotation shaft. Is configured to be fed from one end thereof, and the cereal and the solid heating material sent from the mixing heater are configured to be fed to a cereal separator that separates and separates each while being transported, and the cereal separator has an inlet. From the side to the exit side A separation drum made of a sieve plate etc. formed in a cylindrical shape with the direction as an axis is provided, and only the cereals are reliably passed over the entire circumference of the separation drum, and by providing a large number of holes with a diameter that the solid heating material can not pass, All the beans are sieved and sent to the dryer by a conveyor.The dryer is installed in the drying chamber in a vertical direction with a plurality of stages, the transport direction being alternately reversed, and a variable speed motor. The cereals are dried while being sequentially delivered from the top by a drying conveyor consisting of a chain conveyor driven by a slat attached to each link of a pair of left and right chains of each drying conveyor, and connected to each other. At the both ends of the slats, vertical side plates that prevent the grains from falling off to the sides are fixed, and each slat and its side plates have good ventilation. Eyelet dimensions grain does not enter to the provided over the entire surface, and,
A number of stirring rods made of a material such as a round bar are arranged on the conveying surface of each drying conveyor in a zigzag manner over the entire length of the conveyor in the traveling direction of the drying conveyor, and fixed to the frame of the dryer. The cereals are agitated by the incoming cereals and the cereals are stirred to further enhance the drying efficiency, and drying is made uniform. A duct for sucking wet air is provided to communicate with the drying chamber and discharged to the outside by an intake fan.A large number of air adjustment dampers with adjustable opening are arranged on the front side of the drying chamber. And, it is configured so that the amount of air sucked into the drying chamber can be freely adjusted as required, while the solid heating material is chemically and physically stable in warm water and air, and can be in contact with cereals. evil A roughly spherical solid made of ceramics, stones, stainless metals, glass, etc. that does not affect the sound. It is larger than the grain to be processed, and has a size that can be mechanically separated and separated from the grain without fail. A cereal drying device, characterized in that: