JP3409174B2 - Method and apparatus for drying cereals - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for drying cereals.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In the description of the present invention, grains include soybeans, adzuki beans, green beans, and other mature seeds of legumes (hereinafter referred to as "beans") and rice, wheat, and other grasses. Seed (hereinafter referred to as "grain") is a general term for food. Conventionally, various kinds of drying methods and apparatuses for grains, that is, rice and wheat have been provided, but there has been no method and apparatus for drying the beans in a good condition.

First, a conventional method and apparatus for drying beans will be described. Usually, it is said that the proper harvest time is when the moisture content in the grains is 25% to 20%. At that time, the harvested beans are dried until the moisture content in the grains becomes 15% or less and then stored. Conventionally, when beans are harvested and dried after shredding, the beans are stored in a container surrounded by a net, and while they are loaded in the drying chamber, hot air is blown by a burner etc. to heat them to remove moisture in the grains. While diverging, the indoor air containing the moisture released from the beans by the intake fan is discharged to the outside.

Next, a conventional method and apparatus for drying grain will be described. Usually, the grain of rice is dried with a moisture content of 24% to 26% to 15% to 16%, and the grain of wheat is dried with a moisture content of around 30% to 13% to 14%. Then store. Regarding the drying of grains, various dryers have been put to practical use as described above, but basically it is drying with warm air, and if one example is given, in the vertical direction in the outer wall surrounded by the surroundings, The perforated plate provided with a number of small holes that do not allow the grain to enter divides the ventilation part and the grain accommodating part alternately, and the grain put into the grain accommodating part is sequentially sent out by the rotary valve etc. provided at the lower end. A method in which the grain is supplied from the upper end and heated by the hot air sent from the small holes of the perforated plate in the adjacent ventilation section, and the air containing the moisture released from the grain is discharged to the outside of the dryer by the intake fan. Was taking.

[0005]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] First, regarding beans, the use of combine has become universal in recent years, especially in large-scale bean cultivation farms, so that beans can be shredded on the combine. However, unless a large amount of shredded beans are dried immediately and the water content is reduced to a storable state, the quality will deteriorate.
According to the conventional technique, beans are filled in a container in a drying chamber, and hot air is sent in a stationary state to perform drying.
There is a problem in that it is difficult to maintain the quality of the entire amount because it is difficult to obtain a uniform drying effect because the degree of dryness varies depending on the position of the legume in the container because the warm air is not uniform.

For this reason, a method of manually drying the beans while stirring them has been adopted, but it requires a lot of labor and is a manual operation, so that the stirring is performed in a uniform manner. Drying is extremely difficult. On the other hand, even if an attempt is made to increase the drying efficiency by sending a large amount of hot air having an excessively high temperature, the drying treatment with an excessively high temperature air causes a deterioration in quality such as wrinkles and a change in moisture in the grain.

[0007] Next, as to the grain, as described above, various drying methods and apparatuses have been put into practical use.
Although they have sufficient effects, all of these are intended only for rice and wheat, and as described below, it is impossible to use them for drying treatment of beans. is there. 1) All structures are set so as to be suitable for the drying process of cereals, and are constructed in an unalterable state such as welding. 2) Beans are larger than cereals, and because the epidermis is thicker, the heat transfer by warm air to the grain is slower, so a dryer suitable for cereals can provide sufficient moisture dissipation effect. However, if an excessively high temperature warm air is applied to compensate for this, the quality will be deteriorated due to the generation of wrinkles and the change of grain components as described above. Although there are some cases where an attempt was made to dry beans by using a grain dryer, they cannot be used satisfactorily for the reasons described above, so they are not used thereafter.

The present invention is intended to solve these problems and provide a drying method and apparatus capable of dealing with all grains, that is, beans and grains, capable of uniform drying, and automated and labor-saving. is there.

[0009]

In order to solve these problems, the present invention is as follows. Firstly, conceptually, the process of drying the grain, that is, the series of steps for heating and drying the grain is an automatic flow work, the heating temperature is automatically detected, and the dry state is inspected. The temperature and flow velocity shall be adjustable.

[0010] The heating of the grain is not by hot air, but by heat transfer and heat radiation by contact with the inner surface of the heating chamber described later, and further, in order to promote the divergence of moisture in the grain, the grain heating step Separately, by using a method in which a solid heating material that has been appropriately heated is mixed with the grain to increase the opportunity for heat transfer and accelerate the release of moisture in the grain, the solid heating material is then separated from the grain. Then, the loss temperature is reheated to be circulated for use.

[0011] A moderately heated grain is sent to a dryer using a conveyor, and while being conveyed, an intake fan equipped through a duct sucks the moisture-laden air discharged from the grain and discharges it to the outside. The drying process is completed by reducing the water content in the grain of the grain to a predetermined value. The moisture content after drying is tested, and if necessary, the grains are returned from the dryer to the heating stage by a conveyor and circulated to be dried to a predetermined moisture content.

Next, a method and apparatus for heating grains will be described. Grains sent from a container by a conveyer such as a conveyor are supplied from a heat exchanger with an appropriate amount of heat of hot water or steam, and are continuously charged from one end of a mixing heater that appropriately heats them.

On the other hand, it is chemically and physically stable in warm water and air, and does not adversely affect the contact with cereals. For example, a roughly spherical shape composed of ceramics, stones, stainless steels, glasses, etc. As a separate heating medium, a solid heating material which is larger than the grain to be treated and which is configured to have a size that can be mechanically sorted and separated from the grain reliably is used.

A solid heating material heater provided with a variable speed conveyor inside for heating the solid heating material by hot water supplied from a heat exchanger is provided, and the solid heating material is fed into the solid heating material in the amount of supply of cereals. An appropriate amount corresponding thereto is charged, and while being fed by a conveyor, it is heated to an appropriate temperature and fed out, and merged on a grain conveying device to be fed to a mixing heater. As described above, the grain and the solid heating material are mixed and sent to the mixing heater to transfer heat to the grain. The warm water whose temperature has dropped in the solid heating material heater returns to the heat exchanger and is reheated by the loss temperature to be circulated.

The mixing heater is arranged substantially horizontally, has a cylindrical outer periphery, and has a longitudinal center portion axially supported at both ends.
It has a heating drum that is driven by a variable speed motor to rotate. Openings are provided at both ends of the heating drum, and the outer periphery of the cylindrical portion is concentrically double-sealed with an appropriate interval. The outer peripheral wall of the heating chamber located on the center side of the heating drum is heated to heat grains and solids. The feed blades are arranged spirally so as to have an appropriate lead angle in the longitudinal direction for sequentially advancing the material, and are fixed intermittently.

On the other hand, in the cylindrical hot water chamber provided outside the heating chamber, the temperature is appropriately adjusted from the heat exchanger through the rotary joints provided at both ends of the longitudinal rotating shaft and the pipes communicating with the hot water chamber. Hot water or steam is sent from one end thereof and circulates in the hot water chamber to transfer heat to the heating chamber, and then returns to the heat exchanger from the other end to be reheated by the loss temperature to be circulated. The outer peripheral side of the warm water chamber is covered with a heat insulating material to prevent the dissipation of heat to the outside. With the above configuration, when the heating drum is rotated, the grains are sequentially advanced while being transferred with heat from the mixing heater and the solid heating material, and are sent out from the end.

The grains and the solid heating material sent out from the mixing heater are sent to a grain separator which sorts and separates them while being conveyed. The grain separator is provided with a separation drum composed of a sieve plate or the like formed in a cylindrical shape with the inlet side to the outlet side, that is, the transport direction as an axis, and the outlet side is arranged so as to have an adjustable downward gradient, The separation drum is rotated by driving a pair of inlet-side and outlet-side rollers, which receive an annular rail fixed to the entire outer circumference of the end portion from below, with a variable speed motor.

By ensuring that only the grains pass through the entire circumference of the separating drum and providing a large number of holes having a diameter through which the solid heating material cannot pass, all the beans are sieved and sent to the dryer by a conveyor. On the other hand, the solid heating material is sent out from the end of the separation drum and conveyed by the conveyor,
It is returned to the solid heating material heater, reheated by the loss temperature and circulated. The feeding speed can be freely set by adjusting the rotation speed and the gradient.

Next, the drying method and apparatus will be described. The dryer has a plurality of stages vertically in the drying chamber,
The grain is dried while being sequentially delivered from the top by a drying conveyor which is a chain conveyor driven by a variable-speed motor, the transportation conveyors being alternately arranged in opposite directions.

A slat is attached to each link of a pair of right and left chains of each drying conveyor, and the slat is connected to receive a grain. At both ends of the slat, a vertical side plate is provided to prevent the grain from falling off to the side. Fix it. Each slat and its side plate shall be provided with a small hole that does not allow grain to enter in order to improve ventilation.

Further, on the conveying surface of each drying conveyor, a large number of stirring rods made of a material such as a round rod are arranged in a zigzag shape over the entire length of the conveyor in the traveling direction of the drying conveyor from the upper side to the frame of the dryer. The grain is fixed, and the grain conveyed thereto hits the grain, whereby the grain is agitated to further enhance the drying efficiency, and the drying is made uniform. The drying chamber has a closed structure except for a communication part of a hood, an air adjustment damper part, a grain feeding part and a grain feeding part which will be described later.

On the back side of the drying chamber, which is orthogonal to the direction of travel of the drying conveyor, a duct for sucking the moist air generated from the grain is provided so as to communicate with the drying chamber and is discharged to the outside by an intake fan. . An intake adjustment unit having a valve whose opening can be adjusted is provided in the duct path, and the intake amount can be adjusted freely as necessary.

On the other hand, on the front side of the drying chamber, that is, on the opposite side of the duct, a large number of air adjusting dampers whose opening can be freely adjusted are arranged, and the amount of air sucked into the drying chamber can be freely adjusted as needed. The configuration.

The moisture content in the grain of grains released from the drying conveyor at the lowermost end is measured. If moisture of a predetermined value or more remains, it is returned to the inlet side of the mixing heater by the conveyor and reheated. A circulation line shall be provided to send the product to the dryer.

Information on the temperature in each apparatus and the hot water level in the solid heating material heater is all electrically sent to an automatic detector such as temperature, and the dry state is inspected. The transfer speed and the supply of heat from the heat exchanger can be electrically controlled and adjusted on the operation panel.

[0026]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 is a grain. Reference numeral 2 is a solid heating material, which is chemically and physically stable in warm water or air and has no adverse effect even when it comes into contact with cereals, such as ceramics, stones, non-corrosive metals, and glasses. It is a substantially spherical solid, which is larger than the grains to be dried and has a size that can be reliably sorted and separated from the grains.

Corresponding to the moisture content in the grain of the grain 1 to be dried, which is detected by a known moisture meter, the heating temperature and the conveying speed in the mixing heater 201 and the solid heating material heater 101, and the dryer. In a state in which the air flow rate and the transport speed in 501 are set in advance, the grain 1 passes through the chute 225 and the mixing heater 2 by the transport device (not shown).
01 is continuously charged from the feed port 208A.

Regarding the constitution of the solid heating material heater 101 and the like (see FIGS. 2 to 4) On the other hand, the solid heating material 2 is heated from the chute 122 by an appropriate amount corresponding to the amount of the grain 1 to be treated. It is thrown into the machine 101. Reference numeral 102 denotes a water tank, which is sealed with respect to the frame 103 by a side plate 104A, a back plate 104B, a bottom plate 104C and a slope plate 104D except for the upper surface, and stores hot water. 105 is a side plate 104
Manholes on both sides of the lower part of A that can be opened and closed for inspection and cleaning.

Reference numeral 109 denotes an endless chain conveyor installed in the center of the water tank 102 in the longitudinal direction.
The solid heating material 2 charged from 22 is conveyed in warm water, the destination side thereof is provided with an upward gradient and is taken out to a position higher than the water tank 102, and the solid heating material is fed from the end of the chute 225.
The solid heating material 2 is sent to the conveyor 801 that is conveyed to the grain, and is mixed with the grain 1 on the chute 225.

Chain 110 of chain conveyor 109
Slat 111 is attached to each link to form a conveying surface, and crosspieces 112 are arranged and fixed on the upper surface of the slat at an appropriate interval in the direction orthogonal to the traveling direction,
The solid heating material 2 is conveyed smoothly. Inside the water tank 102, the side guide plate 1 is inclined from the upper end of the water tank 102 so that the lower end surrounds the transport surface of the chain conveyor 109.
06 and the back guide plate 106A are provided to guide the solid heating material 2 onto the slat 111 and prevent the solid heating material 2 from being scattered to another place.

The chain conveyor 109 is a motor mount 1.
It is driven by a variable speed motor 114 fixed on 14A. 115 and 116 are sprockets, and 117
Is a chain. A drive shaft 119 of the chain conveyor 109 has a pair of sprockets 118 for driving the chain conveyor 109 on the shaft. A tail shaft 119A has a pair of sprockets 118A on the shaft.

Reference numeral 120 is a pair of bearings that support the drive shaft 119, and 120A is a pair of bearings that support the tail shaft 119A. Reference numeral 113 is a rail that guides the chain 110, and is fixed to a conveyor support member 113A that is fixed to the bottom plate 104C. Reference numeral 121 denotes a pair of left and right skirts for guiding the solid heating material 2 being conveyed on both sides.

Reference numeral 107 is a pipe for supplying hot water from the heat exchanger 301A into the water tank 102, and reference numeral 108 is a pipe for returning the hot water whose temperature has dropped to the heat exchanger 301A. 7
01A is a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of hot water, and 701B is a non-contact type temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the sent solid heating material. The data of the temperature sensors 701A and 701B are electrically sent to the automatic temperature detector 701, and the operation panel 702 is based on the data.
It is possible to keep the optimum state by adjusting the speed of the chain conveyor 109 or electrically controlling the temperature and supply amount of the hot water from the heat exchanger 301A via the heat exchanger control unit 301.

701C is a hot water level sensor, which is a water tank 1.
The level of hot water in 02 is electrically detected, the data is sent to the automatic temperature detector 701, and a signal sent from the operation panel 702 to the heat exchanger control unit 301 causes the heat exchanger 3
The supply amount of hot water from 01A is controlled, and the level of hot water is maintained at a predetermined position.

Configuration of Mixing Heater 201 and the Like (See FIGS. 6 to 8) 201 is a mixing heater for appropriately heating the grain 1 and the solid heating material 2 in a mixed state. The mixing heater 201 has a cylindrical outer periphery and is arranged substantially horizontally in the longitudinal direction.
The shaft 210 at the center of the heating drum 203 is supported by bearings 220 and rotates with respect to the frame 202 at both ends.
Is provided.

The outer peripheral portion of the heating drum 203 is a double outer hermetically sealed outer cylinder 204 concentrically with a proper spacing.
And an inner cylinder 205 inside, and between the outer cylinder 204 and the inner cylinder 205, a cylindrical hot water chamber 214 is formed. The inside of the inner cylinder 205 is the heating chamber 20.
Configured as 9.

The inner cylinder 205 is formed in a state in which it is tapered slightly from one end thereof toward the end thereof, and the end thereof has an annular end cover 208 in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction.
Is fixed, and the center side is a circular feed port 208A. On the other hand, the inner cylinder 205 is configured to spread in a taper shape from the vicinity of the other end toward the other end, and the end thereof is configured to be in close contact with the outer cylinder 204, and one end of the inner cylinder 205 is delivered from the delivery port 208.
It is B.

A connecting plate 2 provided on the parallel portion near both ends of the inner cylinder 205 and on the boundary portion between the tapered portion 205A and the tapered portion 205B.
The inner cylinder 205 and the central shaft 210 of the heating drum 203 are concentrically connected and fixed by the connecting plate 206 and the connecting plate 207, and the connecting plates 206 and 207 have the entire circumference from the intermediate portion to the outer peripheral end. A large number of arcuate notches 206A and 207A are provided in an equally divided state. Also, the inner cylinder 20
A large number of feed blades 218, which are arranged spirally and intermittently so as to have an appropriate lead angle over the entire length between the connecting plates 206 and 207 in the longitudinal direction, are fixed to the inner periphery of the No. 5 blade. .

The hot water supplied from the heat exchanger 301B is introduced from the pipe 211, and the rotary joint 212 to the shaft 210.
Through the communication hole 210A provided in the inside of the hot water chamber 214 through the pipe 213 communicating therewith, and circulates while transmitting heat to the inner cylinder 205. From the pipe 215 communicating therewith, enters the communication hole 210B and rotates. Joint 216, Pipe 217
After that, the heat is returned to the heat exchanger 301B, reheated by the loss of heat, and circulated. The heat medium from the heat exchanger 301B may be steam instead of hot water. In the case of heating with steam, a pressure adjusting valve is provided in the heat exchanger 301B,
The heating temperature is adjusted by changing the pressure in the path. Reference numeral 219 is a heat insulating material that prevents heat from being dissipated to the outside of the heating drum.

The heating drum 203 is a variable speed motor 22.
It is driven by 1. 222 and 223 are sprockets, and 224 is a chain. Cereal 1 and solid heating material 2
After being charged from the chute 225 into the rotating drum feeding port 208A, after reaching the heating chamber 209 from the cutout portion 206A, it is advanced by the feeding blades and passes through the notch 207A on the feeding side and is discharged from the feeding port 208B. Is delivered to the chute 226. The grain 1 receives heat from the inner cylinder 205 of the heating drum 203 and the solid heating material 2 in the mixing heater 201 with a large contact area,
The moisture in the grain can be efficiently sent to the epidermis side.

Reference numeral 701D is a non-contact type temperature sensor arranged above the chute 226, and detects the temperature in the mixed state of the grain 1 and the solid heating material 2 at this position,
The data is electrically sent to the automatic temperature detector 701 and used as data for adjusting the heating temperature.

Constitution of Grain Separator 401, etc. (Refer to FIGS. 8-10) 401 is a grain separator that sorts and separates the grain 1 and the solid heating material 2 which are charged from the chute 226, according to their size. is there. Reference numeral 402 is a generic name of a base frame, and is composed of legs 402A arranged at each corner, side members 402B arranged in parallel to both sides, and a pair of cross members 402C connecting side members 402B at both ends in a side view. It Side member 402
Has an appropriate gradient in a side view. Each leg 40
A level adjuster 402E for adjusting the height and the slope is provided on the lower surface of 2A.

Above the base frame 402, a separation drum 404 formed in a cylindrical shape with the longitudinal direction as an axis is provided. A small hole 404A through which the grain 1 surely passes over the entire surface of the separation drum 404 and cannot pass through the solid heating material 2.
A large number of circular rails 40 are provided on the outer peripheral side of both ends.
8 is fixed. An annular end cover 405 is fixed to one end of the separation drum 404, a round hole on the center side thereof is a feed port 406 for the grain 1 and the solid heating material 2, and the other end is a feed port 407 for the solid heating material 2. .

A pair of left and right shafts 410 are arranged in the longitudinal direction above the base frame 402, and both ends of the shafts 410 are rotatably supported by bearings 411.
10 includes rollers 4 corresponding to the positions of the rails 408.
09 is fixed, and the rail 408 is mounted on the roller 409. The separation drum 404 is configured to have an appropriate downward slope following the side member 402B from the sending port toward the sending port.

Reference numeral 403 denotes a pair of upper frames which are provided above the base frame 402 and which are formed in a gate shape so as to straddle the separating drum 404 and are directed upward by 90 degrees with respect to the side member 402B. It is fixed to member 402B. 402D is a stay for reinforcement.

Since the separating drum 404 has an appropriate gradient in the axial direction as described above, it supports the side surface of each rail 408 on the downward gradient side in order to prevent movement in the axial direction during rotation. Equipped with rollers 418. The roller 418 is rotatably attached to a vertically oriented shaft 419 fixed to the center of the horizontal member at the upper end of the upper frame 403, and rotates with the rail 408 while being pressed by the axial force of the rail 408.

Reference numeral 412 denotes a variable speed motor, which is constructed such that one shaft 410 is driven by the sprockets 413, 414 and the chain 415, and the other shaft 410 is simultaneously driven by the sprockets 416, 416 and the chain 417. ing. 412A is a mount for fixing the motor 412.

The cereal 1 and the solid heating material 2 in a mixed state are continuously charged from the mixing heater 201 through the chute 226 through the feeding port 406, and rotate the separating drum 40.
Since No. 4 has a downward slope with respect to the traveling direction, only the grain 1 is sifted through the small holes 404A while sequentially advancing, and is thrown into the conveyor 802 via the hopper 420 and conveyed to the dryer 501. On the other hand, the solid heating material is discharged from the delivery port 407, introduced into the conveyor 803 via the chute 421, fed back to the chute 225 of the mixing heater 201, and again introduced into the mixing heater 201 for circulation.

The feed speed in the separation drum 404 can be freely changed by adjusting the gradient of the separation drum 404 and by adjusting the rotation speed of the motor 412. By providing the temperature sensor 701G above the conveyor 802, the data of the temperature of the heated grain 1 is sent to the automatic temperature detector 701, and the data is sent from the operation panel 702 to the heat exchanger control unit 301. The heating medium from the heat exchanger 301B, that is, the temperature and supply amount of hot water or steam are controlled, while the operation panel 702 is operated.
The rotation speed of the heating drum 203 is controlled from.

Reference numeral 701H is a temperature sensor provided on the upper part of the conveyor 803, and the data of the temperature of the separated solid heating material 2 is sent to the automatic temperature detector 701, and the heat exchanger controller 301 from the operation panel 702. Is sent to control the temperature and supply amount of hot water sent from the heat exchanger 301A to the water tank 102, while the operation speed of the chain conveyor 109 is controlled from the operation panel 702.

Regarding the constitution of the dryer 501 and the like (see FIG. 11)
To 17) 501 is a dryer. Reference numeral 502 is a frame forming the entire skeleton. 503A is a front cover, 503B
Is a back side cover, 503C is a side cover, 503
D is a top cover and 503E is a bottom cover,
The inside covered with these covers constitutes the drying chamber 504. The drying chamber 504 has a closed structure except for each part of the communication part of the hood 525 on the back side, the air adjustment damper 528 on the front side, the chute 517 for feeding the top surface, and the feeding part 519 on the bottom surface.

Inside the drying chamber 504, there is a drying conveyor 50 in which a plurality of stages are arranged in the vertical direction and the conveying directions are alternately reversed.
5 are arranged in series and supported by the frame 502. The drying conveyor 505 is a kind of chain conveyor, and a slat 507 is attached to each link of a pair of conveyor chains 506 of each conveyor, and these are connected to each other to form a conveying surface. 506A is a conveyor chain 50
It is a rail that receives 6 and is fixed to the frame 502.

Reference numeral 507A is a slat body, and both end portions in the carrying direction thereof are alternately formed in a concavo-convex shape. Adjacent slat body 507A is constructed such that a convex portion and a concave portion are fitted to each other. Is configured downward as a hook-shaped connecting hook 507B. The slat main bodies 507A are connected to each other by inserting the connection shaft 507C into the connection hook 507B from the side in a state where the adjacent slat main bodies 507A are fitted to each other.

Vertically oriented side plates 507D are fixed to both ends of the slat body 507A so that the side plates 507D are overlapped with each other so that the side plates 507D have an angle in a V shape with respect to the traveling direction in plan view. It prevents the grains from escaping to the side. 507F is a mounting portion to the chain 506 provided at both ends, and the chain mounting hole 507
Use G to connect to chain 506. Slat body 5
In order to improve ventilation, the 07A and the side plate 507D are provided with a number of small holes 507E having a size that does not allow the grain to be fitted therein.

Above the conveying surface of the drying conveyor 505,
Stirring bars 521 suspended from the upper side to a position close to the conveying surface over the entire length of the drying conveyor are arranged in a zigzag shape in the conveying direction, and this is held by a guide 522 so that the height can be adjusted, and a fixing screw is provided. It is fixed in place by 523. The guide 522 is the frame 50
It is fixed to the support member 524 which is fixed to 2. When the grain 1 being conveyed hits the stirring rod 521, stirring is performed and the drying effect is further enhanced.

The drying conveyor 505 is driven by two variable speed motors 511. Motor shaft sprocket 5
12 through the chain 515 to drive the sprocket 513 of the drive shaft 509 of the drying conveyor 505, and then the sprocket 514 through the chain 516 to drive the sprocket 514 of the drying conveyor 505 two stages below, That is, the pair of left and right motors 511
Are configured to drive the drive shafts 509 of the drying conveyors 505 provided in alternate directions from above. 5
09A is a tail shaft of each drying conveyor, and 510 is a bearing of each shaft. Reference numeral 508 is a sprocket for driving the conveyor chain 506 and a sprocket for the tail shaft 509A. 518 is a drying conveyor 505, which is sequentially from the top to the bottom.
This is a transfer chute for delivering the grain 1 to.

Reference numeral 525 is a hood provided on the rear surface of the drying chamber 504, and the intake adjustment section 526 and the duct 52 are provided ahead of it.
A well-known air intake fan 601 driven by a motor (not shown) is provided via 7, and the grain 1 inside the drying chamber 504 is
The air containing moisture that has come out is sucked and is discharged to the outside through the duct 601B. 601A is a belt pulley.

Reference numeral 526 is an air intake adjusting portion, and one end of a cylindrical frame 526A is a hood 525 and the other end is a duct 5
Each of them is attached to 27, and the inside communicates with each other.
In the frame 526A, a rotatable shaft 526 supported at both ends by bearings 526D fixed to the frame 526A.
A valve 526B is fixed to C. Reference numeral 526E is a disk fixed to the upper bearing 526D, and a large number of positioning holes 5 into which pins 526I to be described later are fitted are provided on the outer periphery of the disk.
26F are arranged in an arc shape concentric with the shaft 526C.

Reference numeral 526G is a lever, an intermediate portion of which is fixed to a shaft 526C, and a handle 526H is fixed to one end thereof. At the end opposite to the handle 526H, align the pin 526 with the radius from the center of the positioning hole 526.
A hole 526J into which I is fitted is provided, and the orientation of the valve 526B is fixed by inserting the pin 526I through the hole 526J and an arbitrary positioning hole 526F. The intake amount can be adjusted by changing the direction of the valve 526B as necessary.

Air adjustment damper 5 in the dryer 501
28 and the like (see FIGS. 18 and 19) 528 is an air adjustment damper arranged on the front side of the drying chamber 504 for adjusting the intake amount of outside air. 52
Reference numeral 9 is a frame that surrounds the periphery, and 530 is a drying chamber 50.
4 is a flange for attaching to 4. Reference numeral 531 is an adjustment plate horizontally arranged vertically inside the frame 529, and shafts 532 are fixed to both ends in the horizontal direction of the adjustment plate, which are rotatable in bearing holes 529A provided on both sides of the frame 529. It is inserted.

Arms 533 are fixed to one end of the shaft 532, and holes 533 are provided at the tip of each arm 533.
Pins 535 that are continuously provided according to the pitch of the shaft 532 are fitted into the connecting member 534 provided in the direction perpendicular to A, and the adjusting plates are simultaneously rotated by the vertical movement of the connecting member 534. . The angles of the arms 533 with respect to the respective adjusting plates 531 are set to be the same.

A fixing bracket 537 is provided on the upper surface of the frame 529, and a pin 538 is fixed to it. On the other hand, an adjusting lever 536 is rotatably attached by fitting a hole 536A at its base portion into the pin 538. ing.
An elongated hole 536C is provided at a position corresponding to the connecting member 534 of the adjusting lever 536, and a pin 536D fixed to the upper end portion of the connecting member 534 is fitted therein. When the adjusting lever is rotated, the connecting member 534 moves up and down. When the adjustment plate 531 rotates in conjunction with this, and the opening degree changes, the intake amount of outside air can be adjusted.

The fixing bracket 537 is provided with a large number of holes 537A arranged in an arc shape around the pin 538, while the adjusting lever 536 is provided with a hole 536B at a position corresponding to the hole 537A. The adjusting lever 536 can be fixed in that position by operating the lever 536 to align the hole 536B with one of the arbitrary holes 536B and inserting the pin 539 therethrough.

Grain feeding section 5 on the bottom of the drying chamber 504
A switching chute 520 is installed below 19,
Shoot 52 as it is due to the water content of the grain 1 being sent out
Select the destination depending on whether it is put into the conveyor 804 via 0A and sent out and stored, or put into the conveyor 805 via the chute 520B and returned to the mixing heater 201 again for reheating and drying processing, and if necessary. It is to switch.

Immediately after the start of operation, it is assumed that the temperatures of the solid heating material heating device 101 and the mixing heating device 201 are below a predetermined value, so that the temperatures of the solid heating material 2 and the grain 1 do not reach the predetermined temperature. As a result, since the water content after drying may be too much, the switching chute 520 is once switched so that the grain 1 communicates with the chute 520B, and the moisture content in the grain of the grain 1 introduced into the conveyor 805 is measured, If the water content has not been reduced to the predetermined value, it is returned from the conveyor 805 to the chute 225 of the mixing heater 201 to be reheated, and if the water content has been reduced to the predetermined value, the switching chute 520 is operated. Then, it is transferred from the chute 520A to the conveyor 804 and is conveyed to the storage section.

520C is a rotatable shaft to which a switching plate 520D is fixed, an arm 520E is fixed to one end of the shaft 520C, and the tip of the rod of the cylinder 520F is attached to the tip of the arm 520E. The chute 520, which is connected to the bifurcated chute 520, rotates the switching plate 520D by operating the cylinder 520F.
A, 520B is closed on one side, and is formed so as to form a part of the shoot that guides the grain to the other shoot.

Reference numeral 701E is a temperature sensor arranged above the uppermost drying conveyor 505 to detect the temperature of the grain immediately after being charged from the chute 517.
F is a temperature sensor arranged at the sending-out portion of the lowermost drying conveyor 505. Temperature sensors 701E, 701
Since the F data is electrically sent to the automatic temperature detector 701, the speed of the drying conveyor 505 is adjusted in the operation panel 702 based on the data and the measured moisture data.
By adjusting the opening degree of the valve 526B and the opening degree of the air adjustment damper 528 of the intake air adjustment unit 526, it is possible to maintain the optimum state.

The grain 1 is put into the chute 517 in an appropriately heated state, placed on the uppermost drying conveyor 505 and conveyed, and sequentially transferred to the lower drying conveyor 505 via the transfer chute 518. On the other hand, the drying room 50
The humid air emitted from the grain 1 in the No. 4 is discharged to the outside by the intake fan 601 and the outside air is taken in from the air adjustment damper 528, so that the drying chamber 50
4 The air in the inside is smoothly replaced, and the drying of the grains is promoted.

The slats 50 of each drying conveyor 505
Since the slat main body 507A and the side plate 507D of No. 7 are provided with small holes 507E on the entire surface, ventilation is very good, and drying is promoted, and at the same time, the stirring rod 521 provided over the entire length of the conveying surface of the drying conveyor 505. Since the grains 1 being conveyed are constantly stirred, the drying effect is further enhanced.

When the grain 1 having a completely different size is dried by the method and apparatus of the present invention, the separation drum 40 is used.
4 and the slats 507 of the drying conveyor 505 are exchanged according to the grain 1 to be dried, or the separation drum 4 having holes each having a size corresponding to the size of each grain 1.
It is possible to deal with all of the grains 1 by branching the device including 04 and the slats 507 from the supply unit of the grains 1 to form a plurality of drying processing lines.

The temperature adjustment and the conveyance speed adjustment of each device are as follows.
The operation panel 702 is configured to be capable of both automatic control and manual control, and one of them is selected by switching a switch.

[0072]

EXAMPLES First, the heating temperature of cereals will be described. It is appropriate that the beans are heated under a condition that the temperature at the time of heating is 30 ° C. or lower and the temperature is not higher than the outside air temperature by 15 ° C. or more, and the beans are dried until the moisture content in the grains becomes 15% or lower. On the other hand, grains are usually heated to 35 ° C or lower and to 40 ° C or lower even when the outside air temperature is high, and the moisture content in grain is 15% to 16% in the case of brown rice and 13% to 14% in the case of wheat. It is suitable to dry up to.

The solid heating material 2 has a substantially spherical shape, and ceramics, stones, non-corrosive metals and glasses are suitable, and the diameter thereof is selected depending on the size of the grain to be dried and is small. The closer it is to the grain, the better the heat transfer effect, but the more difficult the sieving in the grain separator 401 becomes. On the other hand, if it is larger than the grain, sieving is not a problem, but since the contact area with the grain in the mixing heater 201 is small, the diameter of the solid heating material 2 is the diameter of the grain 1 to be dried (elongated). For the variety, it is suitable to have 2 to 3 times the average diameter of the long diameter and the short diameter.

The solid heating material 2 is the solid heating material heating device 101.
The solid heating material 2 is heated by the hot water sent from the heat exchanger 301A in the inside of the conveyor 801 after being heated.
Thus, the water is once discharged from the water tank 102 and put into the chute 225 while being exposed to the outside air, and after merging with the grain, the mixture reaches the mixing heater 401, in which the grain 1 is contacted and heat is transferred. There is a temperature loss, and therefore the solid heating material 2 is added to the water tank 102 by the amount of the temperature loss.
It is necessary to heat extra inside.

The heating temperature of the solid heating material 2 in the water tank 102 varies depending on the outside air temperature and the temperature of the grain 1, but as described above, the appropriate temperature for heating the grain 1 is 3 for grains.
The temperature is 5 ° C. to 40 ° C., on the other hand, the temperature when the solid heating material 2 exits from the water tank 102 is suitably between 50 ° C. and 70 ° C. Further, since the heating temperature for beans is 30 ° C., the temperature of the solid heating material 2 also varies depending on the outside air temperature and the temperature of beans, but a temperature of 45 ° C. to 65 ° C. is suitable.

Next, the heating temperature in the mixing heater 201 will be described. In the mixing and heating machine 201, the grain 1
Is heated by the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical heating chamber 209 that rotates while being mixed with the solid heating material 2, and the temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the heating chamber 209 is detected by a temperature sensor 701G provided on the conveyor 802 further ahead. The automatic temperature detector 701 is set so that the temperature of the grain 1 is within a predetermined heating temperature of the grain 1, that is, 30 ° C. or lower for beans and 35 ° C. to 40 ° C. for grains. Via the operation panel 702 to adjust the number of rotations of the heating drum 203, or via the heat exchanger control unit 301 from the heat exchanger 301B to the mixing heater 201 temperature or supply amount of hot water or steam. Control.

The mixing ratio of the cereal 1 and the solid heating material 2 at the time of heating needs to be taken into consideration depending on the water content of the cereal 1 to be dried, but a volume ratio of about 50% to 50% is suitable. .

The water content in the grain 1 of the dried grain 1 is 15% or less in the case of beans as described above.
The optimum range is 15% to 16%, and the optimum range is 13% to 14% for wheat.

[0079]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the method and apparatus of the present invention, since the grain 1 containing beans is dried by continuous flow work, uniform drying is possible without requiring many workers. It is possible to control the heating temperature, the conveying speed, the ventilation amount of the dryer, and the like to an optimum state based on the data from the temperature sensors arranged at various places and the measurement data of the water content.

In addition, by mixing the solid heating material 2 in the stage of heating the grain 1, the contact area of heat to the grain 1 can be increased, and heat of an appropriate temperature can be efficiently transmitted to the grain 1, so that the grain The internal water can be efficiently released to the outside. On the other hand, in the dryer 501, small holes 507E are provided on the entire surface of the slats 507 of the drying conveyor 505 to improve ventilation, and the stirring rod 5 provided on the drying conveyor 5
Since the grain 1 is dried while being agitated by 21, the extremely uniform and highly efficient drying process is enabled.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 is a flow chart showing the method and apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view in which a part of the solid heating material heater is cut away.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a solid heating material heater.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line EE.

FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view of a mixing heater.

FIG. 6 is a front view taken along the line AA.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line BB.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along the line CC.

FIG. 9 is a side view in which a part of the grain separator is cut away.

FIG. 10 is a front view in which a part is cut along a line D-D.

FIG. 11 is a front view of the dryer.

FIG. 12 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a main part of transmission of a dryer.

FIG. 13 is a side view in which a dryer and a part of an intake fan are broken away.

FIG. 14 is a plan view in which a part of the dryer is cut away.

FIG. 15 is a plan view of a conveyance surface of a drying conveyor of a dryer.

FIG. 16: One of the slats on the drying conveyor of the dryer
It is the side view which fractured | ruptured the part.

FIG. 17 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the transport section of the drying conveyor of the dryer.

FIG. 18 is a side view in which a part of the air adjustment damper of the dryer is cut away.

FIG. 19 is a front view in which a part of an air adjustment damper of the dryer is cut away.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 grain 2 Solid heating material 101 Solid heating material heating machine 102 aquarium 109 chain conveyor 201 Mixing heater 203 heating drum 301 Heat exchanger control unit 401 grain separator 404 Separation drum 501 dryer 504 drying room 505 drying conveyor 507 slats 601 Intake fan

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── --Continued from the front page (56) References JP-A 61-76871 (JP, A) JP-A 59-197785 (JP, A) JP-A 5-209180 (JP, A) JP-A 49- 20748 (JP, A) JP-A-4-24483 (JP, A) Actually opened 64-16593 (JP, U) Actually opened 58-476966 (JP, U) Actually opened 1-62011 (JP, U) Fukui 4-29795 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) F26B 17/32 F26B 3/22 F26B 23/10 F26B 25/00

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. The heating of the grain is performed by heat transfer and heat radiation by contact with the inner surface of the heating chamber, etc. Further, in order to promote moisture divergence in the grain, it is separately moderated in the heating stage of the grain. The solid heating material heated to the above is mixed into the grain to increase the heat transfer opportunity and accelerate the release of moisture in the grain, and then the appropriately heated grain obtained by separating from the solid heating material is dried. A method for drying a grain characterized in that the moisture-containing air released from the grain by a machine or the like is discharged to the outside to reduce the moisture content in the grain of the grain to a predetermined value. 2. The solid heating material is made of ceramics, stones, non-corrosive metals, glasses, etc., which are chemically and physically stable in hot water and air and have no adverse effect on contact with cereals. It is a roughly spherical solid that is larger than the grain to be treated,
The grain drying method according to claim 1, wherein the grain is configured to have a size capable of being mechanically sorted and separated from the grain reliably. 3. Grains are supplied with heat from a heat exchanger, which receives heat from the heat exchanger in an appropriate amount by hot water or steam and is continuously charged from one end of a mixing heater for appropriately heating. A solid heating material heater provided with a variable speed conveyor inside for heating the solid heating material with hot water is provided, and a predetermined amount of the solid heating material is charged therein, and this is heated to a predetermined temperature and sent out, The mixing heater is configured to be merged on the transportation device for the grains to be fed to the mixing heater.
A heating drum is provided which is arranged substantially horizontally, has a cylindrical outer periphery, and whose longitudinal center portion is rotatably supported at both ends, and which is driven by a variable speed motor to rotate, and has an opening portion at each end portion of the heating drum. The outer periphery of the cylindrical portion is concentrically doubly sealed with an appropriate interval, and the outer peripheral wall of the heating chamber located on the center side of the cylindrical portion has a feeding blade for sequentially advancing the grains and the solid heating material. The cylindrical hot water chamber provided outside the heating chamber is provided with hot water or steam of an appropriate temperature from the heat exchanger through pipes communicating with the hot water chambers provided at both ends of the longitudinal rotating shaft. Is configured to be fed from one end thereof, and the grains and the solid heating material fed from the mixing heater are configured to be fed to a grain separator that separates and separates each while transporting, and the grain separator has an inlet. Carry the exit side from the side A separation drum composed of a sieve plate formed in a cylindrical shape with the direction as an axis is provided, and only grains are reliably passed over the entire circumference of the separation drum, and by providing a large number of holes having a diameter through which a solid heating material cannot pass, All beans are screened out and sent to a dryer by a conveyor.The dryer has a plurality of vertically arranged stages with the conveyor direction alternately reversed and a variable speed motor. Grain is configured to be dried while being sequentially transferred from above by a drying conveyor consisting of a chain conveyor that is driven by.Slats are attached to each link of the pair of left and right chains of each drying conveyor, and the slats are connected to each other. The slat receives the cereals, and vertical side plates that prevent the cereals from falling off sideways are fixed to both ends of the slats. Eyelet dimensions grain does not enter to the provided over the entire surface, and,
On the conveying surface of each drying conveyor, a large number of stirring rods made of materials such as round rods are arranged in a staggered manner over the entire length of the conveyor in the traveling direction of the drying conveyor from above and fixed to the frame of the dryer. The grains are agitated by hitting the conveyed grains to further improve the drying efficiency, and the drying is configured to be uniform, and the grains on the back side of the drying chamber in the direction orthogonal to the traveling direction of the conveyor convey the grains. It has a duct for sucking in the humid air, and it is configured to communicate with the drying chamber and discharge it to the outside by an intake fan.On the front side of the drying chamber, there are many air adjustment dampers with adjustable opening. However, the solid heating material is chemically and physically stable in hot water and air even when contacted with cereals, while being configured so that the amount of air sucked into the drying chamber can be freely adjusted as needed. evil It is a roughly spherical solid made of ceramics, stones, non-corrosive metals, glass, etc. that does not give a sound, and is configured to have a size larger than the grain to be processed and capable of being mechanically selected and separated from the grain reliably. A grain drying device characterized by being