JPH11346114A - Antenna device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an antenna device which can be miniaturized so as to be installed in the neighborhood of a vehicle body, such as an automobile or in a body with the vehicle body on a plane and so as to be arranged even in a narrow place. SOLUTION: Antenna elements 5202 to 5205 are provided nearly in parallel with and inside a conductor base plate 5201 which is a metal plate which forms the chassis of a vehicle, and the elements 5202 to 5205 are grounded at the plate 5201 to constitute an antenna of the elements 5202 to 5205 and the plate 5201.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention particularly relates to an AM broadcast, an FM broadcast, a T
The present invention relates to an antenna device for a V broadcast, a wireless telephone, or the like.

[0002]

[Prior Art] With the progress of the car multimedia age,
In recent years, in automobiles, not only AM / FM radio,
Various wireless devices such as TVs, wireless telephones, and navigation systems have been installed, and the information and services provided by radio waves will continue to increase,
Antennas are likely to become increasingly important.

In general, when an antenna is installed in an automobile or the like, a vehicle body composed of a conductive ground plate affects the performance of the antenna such as directivity gain. Conventionally, as an antenna used for automobiles, considering installation on the car body,
For example, a monopole, a rod antenna, a V dipole antenna, and the like are used. Many of these antennas
In most cases, a long rod-shaped antenna element is provided to protrude from the vehicle body.

[0004]

However, as described above, an antenna provided with a long rod-shaped antenna element or the like generally used in an automobile so as to protrude from a vehicle body only deteriorates the external appearance. Or, there are various problems such as the cause of wind noise, the risk of theft, and the removal during car washing.

In view of the above problems of the conventional antenna, the present invention has been downsized so that it can be installed near a vehicle body of an automobile or the like, or can be installed on a flat surface integrally with the vehicle body, and can be arranged even in a narrow place. It is an object of the present invention to provide a possible antenna device.

[0006]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an antenna in which one or two or more linear conductors having at least one bent portion or curved portion exist with respect to a feeding portion. Device.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the antenna device as described above, wherein the bent portion or the curved portion is an even number of four or more.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an antenna device in which one or two or more spiral-shaped linear conductors are provided for a power supply unit.

With the above configuration, it is possible to dispose the antenna in the elongated housing.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided an antenna device which is disposed near a conductive ground plane and in which a ground terminal of the antenna is connected to the conductive ground plane.

With the above configuration, it is possible to obtain desired impedance characteristics and directivity.

An eighth aspect of the present invention is an antenna device which is disposed near a conductive ground plane and has a switching element provided between a ground terminal of the antenna and the conductive ground plane.

With the above configuration, it is possible to select desired impedance characteristics and directivity.

An eighteenth aspect of the present invention is an antenna device in which an antenna is configured by an antenna element group in which a plurality of antenna elements are unified by a single feeder.

With the above configuration, a small and high gain antenna covering a desired band can be realized.

According to a nineteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an antenna device in which taps are formed at predetermined positions of a plurality of antenna elements, and the antenna is constituted by a group of antenna elements which are combined to form a single feed portion.

With the above configuration, a small and high-gain antenna that covers a desired band can be realized by a simple power feeding method.

According to a thirty-seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided an antenna device in which a tuning frequency is controlled by setting a coupling between opposing portions on an open terminal side of an antenna element.

According to a thirty-eighth aspect of the present invention, the tuning frequency is controlled by setting the coupling between the open terminal side of the antenna element and a neutral point or an opposing portion near the neutral point. An antenna device.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least one or more linear conductors are respectively connected to both poles of the coil, a ground terminal is provided from a neutral point of the coil, and a predetermined position of each linear conductor or coil is determined. This is an antenna device from which a tap is formed and a power supply terminal is taken out therefrom.

The present invention according to claim 42, wherein at least one or more linear conductors are connected to a power supply unit via a coil.
Or two antenna devices.

The present invention according to claim 44 is the antenna device according to any one of the above, which performs control for selecting one or two or more antennas from a plurality of antennas.

According to a forty-fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the above-mentioned antenna apparatus, wherein the control for selecting a plurality of antennas is performed to control the selection of the antenna having the maximum input to the receiver.

According to a forty-sixth aspect of the present invention, in the antenna apparatus according to the forty-fourth aspect, in the control for selecting a plurality of antennas, control for selecting an antenna having a minimum multipath interference level is performed.

According to a forty-seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided the antenna device as described above, wherein the antenna element is provided in a concave portion of the conductive ground plane.

According to a fifty-ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a main antenna element having a predetermined portion grounded, and a main antenna element disposed close to the main antenna element, relatively shorter than the main antenna element, and both ends not grounded. An antenna device comprising: at least one antenna element; and at least one antenna element disposed close to the main antenna element, relatively longer than the main antenna element, and not grounded at both ends.

[0027] According to a fifty-eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a conductive base plate and an antenna element connected to a ground portion and closely disposed to the conductive base plate, wherein at least a region of the conductive base plate facing the antenna element is an antenna. This is an antenna device arranged closer to the communication partner than the element.

The present invention according to claim 66, according to the present invention, a conductive ground plane, a plurality of antenna elements of different lengths which are connected closely to the ground, and are closely arranged corresponding to the tuning frequencies of a plurality of bands; An antenna device including a plurality of feed units provided for each of the plurality of antenna elements.

The present invention according to claim 70 comprises a conductive ground plane and an antenna element arranged close to the conductive ground plane,
A predetermined portion of the antenna element is formed of a coil or a zigzag-shaped conductor, and is an antenna device in which one end of the antenna element is grounded to a conductive ground plane.

The present invention according to claim 72, comprising a conductive base plate and two or more antenna elements having different lengths arranged in close proximity to the conductive base plate, and a predetermined portion of each of the antenna elements is a coil. Alternatively, the antenna device is formed of a zigzag-shaped conductor, and one end of each antenna element is commonly grounded to a conductive ground plane.

According to the above configuration, the size of the antenna device can be further reduced without changing the gain.

The present invention according to claim 76 is an antenna device comprising an antenna element formed entirely of a coil or a zigzag-shaped conductor and having at least one bent portion or curved portion. .

According to this configuration, the size of the antenna device is further reduced.

The present invention according to claim 77 is to provide an antenna having a conductor ground plate, an antenna element having one end grounded to the conductor ground plate, and disposed in close proximity to the conductor ground plate, and a feeder provided on the conductor ground plate. An antenna device connected as a relay point.

[0035]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings showing an embodiment.

First, the principle of the present embodiment will be described. As described in the section of the related art, when the conventional antenna is installed close to the conductive ground plane, the body serving as the conductive ground plane affects the antenna performance such as directional gain, as in a monopole antenna. Effect. The present invention realizes an antenna in which the directivity becomes non-directional, the directivity gain is improved, and high selectivity is obtained by using the influence of the conductive ground plane on the antenna in reverse. (Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an antenna device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. That is, FIG. 1A shows that the antenna element 101 is composed of a linear conductor having two bent portions,
This is an antenna device in which a feeding terminal 102 is provided at a predetermined position and one end 103 is grounded. 1B, the antenna element 104 is formed of a linear conductor having four bent portions, and a feed terminal 1 is provided at a predetermined position of the antenna element 104.
02 is an antenna device in which one end 103 is grounded. As described above, in the antenna device of the present embodiment, since the antenna element of the monopole antenna is bent, the installation area can be reduced.

FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example in which an antenna device having the same configuration as that described above is arranged close to a conductive ground plane. That is, FIG. 2A shows that the antenna element 201 is formed of a linear conductor having two bent portions, and the antenna element 201 is disposed close to the conductor ground plane 205 so that the antenna plane is parallel to the conductor. This is an antenna device in which a feed terminal 202 is provided at a predetermined position of an antenna element 201 and one end 203 is grounded to a conductive base plate 205. FIG. 2
(B), the antenna element 204 is formed of a linear conductor having four bent portions, and the antenna element 204 is disposed close to the conductor ground plane 205 so that the antenna plane is parallel to the antenna element 204; This is an antenna device in which a power supply terminal 202 is provided at a predetermined position and one end portion 203 is grounded to a conductive base plate 205. As described above, the antenna device according to the present embodiment can reduce the installation area, and the antenna device according to the first embodiment described above is arranged close to the conductive ground plane 205 such that the antenna plane is parallel to the conductive ground plane 205. Therefore, the directivity gain performance is improved. Note that the number of bent portions of the antenna element is not limited to the number shown in the above example.
This is the same in the following embodiments.

FIG. 85 shows a specific example of the antenna shown in FIG. In FIG. 85, an antenna element 8501 of a linear conductor bent at two places is arranged with the antenna planes substantially parallel to each other at a predetermined interval on a conductor ground plate 8504, and one end of the antenna element 8501 is connected to a conductor. Conductive plate 8503 for antenna grounding provided substantially vertically to ground plate 8504
Is connected to the end. Here, the antenna element 85
01 and the area of the conductive ground plate 8504 are almost equal. In addition, a power feeding portion 8502 is provided in the middle of the antenna element 8501.

The conductive plate 8503 has a width sufficiently larger than the width of the antenna element 8501, that is, the antenna element 850.
The width is such that the effect of the reactance determined by the tuning frequency of 1 is not practical. Therefore, it acts as an earth. If the width is small, it is combined with the antenna element 8501 to form an antenna element as a whole, which is different from that of the present invention. When the wavelength of the antenna element 8501 is, for example, 940 mm, the total length of the element is 220 mm and the width is 2 mm, so that the antenna element 8501 can be made compact. Here, the antenna plane and the surface of the conductive ground plane may be inclined as long as an effective potential difference is generated between the antenna element and the ground plane. When the area of the conductive ground plane is larger than the area of the antenna plane (for example, four times), the gain is the same for vertically polarized waves, and the gain decreases for horizontally polarized waves.

The difference between the antenna of the present embodiment and the conventional antenna is as follows.
Performance decreases when the antenna element is brought closer to the ground plane,
On the contrary, the performance of the antenna device of the present invention is improved.

FIG. 86 shows the impedance characteristics and VSWR characteristics of the antenna of FIG. FIG. 87 shows the directivity gain characteristics. As shown in FIG. 87, the antenna of FIG. 85 shows a substantially circular directivity for vertically polarized waves.

The shape and number of antenna elements are
It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to this example.

It is more desirable that the distance between the conductor ground plane and the antenna element be 1/40 or more of the wavelength. (Embodiment 2) FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an antenna apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention. That is, in FIG. 3A, a dipole antenna is formed of a linear conductor having four bent portions, and a feeding terminal 302 is provided at a predetermined position of the antenna element 301, and one end 303 is grounded. This is the antenna device. FIG. 3B shows a configuration in which the antenna element 304 is formed of a linear conductor having eight bent portions, a feeder terminal 302 is provided at a predetermined position of the antenna element 304, and one end 303 is grounded. An antenna device. As described above, since the antenna device of the present embodiment is bent so as to involve the antenna element of the dipole antenna, the installation area can be reduced.

FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example in which an antenna device having the same configuration as described above is arranged close to a conductive ground plane. That is, in FIG. 4A, a dipole antenna is formed by using a linear conductor having four bent portions for the antenna element 401, and the antenna element 401 is connected to the conductor ground plane 405.
The antenna device has a power supply terminal 402 provided at a predetermined position of an antenna element 401 and one end 403 grounded to a conductive ground plane 405. FIG. 4B shows a configuration in which the antenna element 404 is composed of a linear conductor having eight bent portions, and the antenna element 404 is arranged close to the conductor ground plane 405 so that the antenna plane is parallel to the conductor ground plane 405. A feeding terminal 402 is provided at a predetermined position of the antenna element 401, and one end 40
This is an antenna device in which the ground 3 is grounded to a conductive ground plane 405. As described above, in the antenna device of the present embodiment, the installation area can be reduced, and when the antenna device is arranged close to the conductive ground plane 405 so as to be parallel to the conductive ground plane 405, the directivity gain performance is further improved. . (Embodiment 3) FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an antenna device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. That is, FIG. 5A shows three monopole antenna elements 501a and 501 having two bent portions and different element lengths.
b and 501c are arranged on the same plane, and the antenna element 50
1a, 501b, and 501c, between the power supply terminal 503 and the power supply terminal 503 and the ground terminal 505,
The antenna device has a configuration in which reactance elements 502a, 502b, 502c, and 504 are connected to adjust impedances. FIG. 5B shows the antenna elements 501a and 501 of the antenna device shown in FIG.
01b and 501c are changed to antenna elements 506a, 506b and 506c having four bent portions.

In the above configuration, an antenna device having a desired frequency band can be realized by setting the tuning frequency of each antenna element at predetermined intervals. FIG. 40 is a diagram showing a combined band in the case where the number of antenna elements is seven. The bandwidth of one antenna element is narrow, but by combining the antenna elements, it is possible to provide a wide frequency characteristic.

Specific examples of the band synthesis are shown by VSWR characteristics in FIGS. 88 to 93. That is, this is an example in which four antenna elements having different tuning frequencies are used, and the tuning frequencies are 196.5 MHz (FIG. 88) and 19, respectively.
8.75 MHz (FIG. 89), 200.5 MHz (FIG. 9)
0) and 203.75 MHz (FIG. 91). FIG. 92
Is the VSWR when these antenna elements are band-combined.
It is a characteristic diagram, and it can be seen that the band is widened. Also,
FIG. 93 is a diagram when the range on the vertical axis is widened (5 times).

FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example in which an antenna device having the same configuration as that of FIG. 5 is arranged close to a conductive ground plane. This antenna device has a configuration in which an antenna device having the same configuration as that of FIG. That is, FIG.
(A) shows three monopole antenna elements 601a, 601b, and 60 having two bent portions and different element lengths.
1c is arranged on the same plane in the vicinity of the conductive ground plane 607, and the impedance is set between the taps of the antenna elements 601a, 601b, 601c and the feed terminal 603, and between the feed terminal 603 and the ground terminal 605, respectively. To adjust the reactance elements 602a, 602b, 602
c, 604 are connected. FIG. 6B is obtained by changing the antenna elements 601a, 601b, and 601c of the antenna apparatus of FIG. 6A to antenna elements 606a, 606b, and 606c having four bent portions.

FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram showing another example of the antenna device of the present embodiment. That is, FIG.
FIG. 5A shows an antenna apparatus having the same configuration as that of FIG.
Reactance elements 708a, 708 for band synthesis between c.
b is provided. FIG. 7 (b) is the same as FIG.
In the antenna device having the same configuration as that of (b), reactive components 708a and 708b for band synthesis are provided between the antenna elements 706a, 706b, and 706c. In the configurations of FIGS. 5A and 5B, each of the reactance elements 502a, 502b, and 502c also has a band combining function. Therefore, the impedance adjustment and the adjustment of the band synthesis can be easily performed.

FIG. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram showing still another example of the antenna device of the present embodiment. This antenna device has a configuration in which an antenna device having the same configuration as that of FIG. 7 described above is arranged close to a conductive ground plane 807 such that the antenna planes are parallel to each other. That is, FIG. 8A is the same as FIG.
In the antenna device having the same configuration as that of FIG. 11A, reactance elements 808a and 808b for band synthesis are provided between the antenna elements 801a, 801b, and 801c. FIG. 8B shows an antenna device having the same configuration as that of FIG. 6B described above.
6b and 806c, a reactance element 80 for band synthesis
8a and 808b. (Embodiment 4) FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an antenna apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. That is, FIG. 9A shows three dipole antenna elements 901a and 901 having four bent portions and different element lengths.
b, 901c are arranged on the same plane, and the antenna element 90
1a, 901b and 901c, between the power supply terminal 903 and the power supply terminal 903 and the ground terminal 905,
The antenna device has a configuration in which reactance elements 902a, 902b, 902c, and 904 are connected to adjust the impedance. FIG. 9B shows the antenna elements 901a and 901a of the antenna device shown in FIG.
01b and 901c are changed to antenna elements 906a, 906b and 906c having eight bent portions.

In the above configuration, by setting the tuning frequency of each antenna element at predetermined intervals, an antenna device having a desired frequency band can be realized.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the antenna device of the present embodiment. This antenna device
This is a configuration in which an antenna device having the same configuration as that of FIG. 9 is arranged close to a conductive ground plane 1007 so that the antenna planes are parallel to each other. That is, FIG. 10A shows that three dipole antenna elements 1001, 1002, and 1003 having four bent portions and different element lengths are arranged close to a conductor ground plate 1007 on the same plane, and the antenna element 100
An antenna having a configuration in which reactance elements 1004, 1005, 1006, and 1009 are connected between the taps 1, 1002, and 1003 and the power supply terminal 1008 and between the power supply terminal 1008 and the ground terminal 1010 to adjust the impedance, respectively. Device. FIG. 10 (b)
In FIG. 10A, the antenna elements 1001, 1002, and 1003 of the antenna device shown in FIG. 10A are changed to antenna elements 1011, 1012, and 1013 having eight bent portions. FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating another example of the antenna device of the present embodiment. That is, FIG.
9A shows an antenna device having the same configuration as that of FIG. 9A described above, in which each of the antenna elements 1101, 1102, 1
Reactance elements 1114, 1 for band synthesis between 103
115, 1116, and 1117 are provided at two locations. FIG. 11B shows an antenna device having the same configuration as that of FIG.
Two reactance elements 1114, 1115, 1116 and 1117 for band synthesis are provided between 111, 1112 and 1113.
It is a configuration provided separately for each location. FIG. 9 (a) and (b)
In the configuration of, each reactance element 902a, 902b,
The 902c also has the function of band synthesis, but in the present embodiment, since the band synthesis function is separated, the impedance adjustment and the band synthesis adjustment can be easily performed.

FIG. 12 is a schematic configuration diagram showing still another example of the antenna device of the present embodiment. This antenna device has a configuration in which an antenna device having the same configuration as that of FIG. 11 is arranged close to a conductive ground plane 1207 so that the antenna planes are parallel to each other. That is, FIG. 12A shows an antenna device having the same configuration as that of FIG. 10A described above, and reactance elements 1214, 1215, 1 for band synthesis between antenna elements 1201, 1202, 1203.
In this configuration, 216 and 1217 are provided separately at two locations.
FIG. 12B shows an antenna device having the same configuration as that of FIG.
This is a configuration in which reactance elements 1214, 1215, 1216, and 1217 for band synthesis are provided in two places between 1212 and 1213. (Embodiment 5) FIG. 13 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an antenna device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. That is, FIG. 13A shows each of the antenna elements 1301, 1302, 130 of three dipole antennas having different element lengths.
Reference numeral 3 denotes an antenna device formed on a printed circuit board 1304. FIG. 13B illustrates an antenna device having the same configuration as that of FIG. 13A except that a conductive ground plane 1308 is formed on a printed circuit board 1304 on a surface opposite to the antenna element 1320. . in this way,
The antenna elements 1301, 130
2, 1303 (1305, 1306, 1307) and the conductive base plate 1308 are formed, the space of the antenna can be saved, and the fabrication is simple.
Also, the reliability and stability of the performance are improved.

FIG. 14 is a schematic configuration diagram showing another example of the antenna device of the present embodiment. This antenna device
13A, a conductor for band synthesis is formed on the surface of the printed circuit board opposite to the antenna element so as to intersect with the antenna element. That is, FIG. 14A shows the antenna elements 1401 and 140 of three dipole antennas having different element lengths.
2, 1403 are formed on a printed circuit board 1404, and two conductors 1405 are formed on a surface of the printed circuit board 1404 opposite to a surface on which the antenna element 1410 is provided, in a direction intersecting the antenna element. It is.
FIG. 14B illustrates an antenna device having the same configuration as that of FIG. 14A except that a conductive ground plane 1406 is arranged in proximity to the antenna element 1410. This conductive ground plane 1406 may be formed on a printed circuit board using a multilayer printed circuit board. According to the above configuration, it is easy to manufacture an element for band synthesis. (Embodiment 6) FIG. 15 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an antenna device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the antenna elements 1501, 1502, 1503
Is housed in a recess 1505 provided in a conductive ground plane 1504. With this configuration, there is no protrusion from the body of the automobile or the like, and the antenna element 1
The directivity gain performance can be improved by the interaction between the peripheral edge of 510 and the conductive ground plane 1504.

FIG. 16 is a schematic configuration diagram showing another example of the antenna device of the present embodiment. The antenna device of FIG. 16A includes antenna elements 1601, 1602, and 1603.
1610 and antenna element 160 composed of
Antenna 1620 composed of 6,1607, 1608
Are arranged in the same plane, and housed in a concave portion 1605 provided in the conductive ground plane 1604. Here, the antenna 1610 and the antenna 1620 are configured by antennas having different sizes and shapes, but may have the same size and shape. Note that the antennas are arranged so that the respective feeding units are close to each other. FIG. 16 (b)
It is a figure which shows the example which arrange | positioned the similar antenna close to the planar conductor ground plate 1609.

FIG. 17 is a schematic configuration diagram showing another example of the antenna device of the present embodiment. The antenna device of FIG. 17A includes antenna elements 1701, 1702, 17
The upper antenna 1710 and the lower antenna 1720, which are constituted by
4 is an antenna device configured to be accommodated in a concave portion 1705 provided in the antenna device 4. Here, antenna 1710 and antenna 17
20 and 20 have the same size and shape, but may be different. FIG. 17B is a diagram illustrating an example in which a similar antenna is arranged close to a planar conductive ground plane 1706. When the size of each antenna element is the same, the tuning frequencies are all the same. Accordingly, the bandwidth of the entire antenna device is the same as that of a single element, but as shown in FIG. The gain of the entire antenna device is increased, and an antenna with high gain and high selectivity can be realized.

FIG. 18 is a schematic configuration diagram showing still another example of the antenna device of the present embodiment. FIG. 18 (a)
Antenna device comprises three antennas 1 each including a plurality of dipole antenna elements each having a bent portion.
801, 1802, 1803 are converted to a multilayer printed circuit board 180.
6 is formed using the base material 6 and housed in a concave portion 1805 provided in the conductive base plate 1804.
Here, three antennas 1801, 1802, 180
3 have the same size and shape, but may be different. Although three antennas are used, four or more antennas may be formed in layers. FIG. 18B is a diagram illustrating an example in which a similar antenna is arranged close to a planar conductor ground plate 1807. As described above, if a plurality of antennas are stacked using a multilayer printed circuit board, an antenna having high gain and high selectivity can be easily obtained. (Embodiment 7) FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing two examples of an antenna according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
The antenna according to the present embodiment has a configuration in which two linear conductors each having four bent portions are provided for the feeding portion. That is, FIG. 19A is the same as FIG.
And two linear conductors 190 whose bending directions are opposite to each other when viewed from the feeding point 1901.
19B, and FIG. 19B shows a structure having two linear conductors 1904 and 1905 whose bending directions are the same as viewed from the feeding point 1901.
With this shape, miniaturization on a plane is possible, and in addition, non-directionality can be realized.

On the other hand, FIG. 20A shows an antenna element 200 in which the length from the feeding portion 2001 to the first bending point P is relatively longer than the length from the first bending point P to the second bending point Q.
2 illustrates an antenna device having a second antenna device. FIG.
(B) shows an antenna device having an antenna element 2002 in which the length from the feeding portion 2001 to the first bending point P is relatively shorter than the length from the first bending point P to the second bending point Q. . With the above configuration, it can be installed even in a long and slender place.

In the present embodiment, two linear conductors are shown for the power supply portion, but the present invention is not limited to this.
It may be one. Also, the number of bent portions is not limited to these.

In this embodiment, two linear conductors are shown for the power supply portion, but the present invention is not limited to this.
It may be one. Also, the number of bent portions is not limited to these.

Further, in the present embodiment, the linear conductor is shown as being bent, but it may be curved or spiral. For example, as shown in FIG.
In view of this, a configuration having two linear conductors 2102 and 2103 having curved portions whose bending directions are opposite to each other, or 2 having a curved portion having the same bending direction as viewed from the power supply portion 2101.
A configuration having two linear conductors 2104 and 2105 may be used. In addition, as shown in FIG.
As seen from 101, the spiral direction of the winding direction is 2
A configuration with two linear conductors 2106, 2107,
Alternatively, two spiral linear conductors 2108 and 2109 having the same winding direction as viewed from the power supply unit 2101
May be provided.

When the antenna of this embodiment is manufactured, the antenna element may be formed by processing a metal member, but may be formed on a substrate using printed wiring. The use of printed wiring greatly simplifies the fabrication of the antenna, and can be expected to reduce costs, reduce size, and improve reliability.

The antenna according to the present embodiment can be similarly applied to the following embodiments. (Eighth Embodiment) FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an antenna device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
The antenna device according to the present embodiment has a configuration in which the antenna device is disposed close to the conductive ground plane and the ground terminal of the antenna is connected to the ground plane. For example, as shown in FIG. 22A, the antenna element 2201 is arranged close to the base plate 2204,
The ground terminal 2203 is connected to the base plate 2204. Note that this antenna device is similar to the configuration of FIG. 4B described above, except that the power supply terminal 2202 is
Is provided at a position penetrating through. With the above configuration, desired impedance characteristics and directivity can be obtained.

FIG. 22B shows a configuration in which a switching element is provided between the ground terminal of the antenna and the conductive ground plane. As shown in FIG.
The switching element 2205 is provided between the ground terminal 2203 and the conductive ground plane 2204, and a state where optimum radio wave propagation is obtained can be selected depending on whether or not the switching element 2205 is connected. In this case, the switching element 2
205 may be configured to be remotely controllable, and may be controlled according to the radio wave reception state. Here, the ground terminal 220
When 3 is connected, the antenna becomes a vertically polarized antenna, and when not connected, it becomes a horizontally polarized antenna.

In FIG. 22B, the power supply terminal 22
23, the power supply terminal 2302 and the ground terminal 2303 are connected to the conductor base plate 2304 as shown in FIG.
It does not matter if it does not penetrate.

FIG. 24 shows the positional relationship between the conductor ground plane and the antenna in the present embodiment. FIG.
As shown in (a), the plane of the conductor ground plane 2402 and the plane of the antenna 2401 are arranged so as to be parallel at a distance h. In this case, by controlling the distance h, the directivity of the antenna 2401 can be changed in a desired direction. When the antenna 2401 and the conductive ground plane 2402 approach each other, the tuning frequency increases, and when they separate, the tuning frequency decreases. Therefore, the distance h may be controlled in accordance with the reception state of propagation. The control of the distance h is performed by, for example, the antenna 2401
May be moved in a direction perpendicular to the antenna plane using a feed mechanism, a slide mechanism, or the like (not shown), or an insulating spacer (not shown) between the antenna 2401 and the conductive base plate 2402 May be inserted, and the spacer may be moved in a direction parallel to the antenna plane to adjust the amount of insertion of the spacer. Here, the size of the spacer may be determined in order to obtain desired antenna performance when the antenna is manufactured. Note that a low dielectric constant material such as styrene foam can be used for the spacer between the ground plate and the antenna.

Further, as shown in FIG. 24B, three-dimensional arrangement may be made so as to have a predetermined angle θ (in this case, 90 °) between the plane of the conductive ground plane 2402 and the plane of the antenna 2403. The directivity of the antenna 2403 can be controlled by adjusting the predetermined angle θ using a hinge mechanism or the like.

Further, in the present embodiment, the case where the number of antenna elements is one has been described, but the number is not limited to this and may be two or more. Further, although the ground plane is formed by a single conductor, for example, a car body of an automobile or the like can be used as the ground plane. (Ninth Embodiment) FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an antenna device according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention. A plurality of antenna elements are arranged in a predetermined range, and a single power feeding antenna element group forms one antenna. As shown in FIG. 25A, a plurality of antenna elements 2
The antennas 501, 502, and 2503 are made into a single power supply, and one antenna is constituted by an antenna element group. For example, since each of the plurality of antenna elements covers a different frequency band, a wideband antenna that covers a desired frequency band as a whole can be realized. In particular, in the case of the arrangement shown in FIG. 25A, the element length of the outer antenna 2501 is inevitably longer than the element length of the inner antenna 2503, so that the antenna 2501 having a longer element length is set to a relatively low tuning frequency. It is easy to set the short antenna 2503 to a relatively high tuning frequency, and an antenna covering a wide band as a whole can be configured.

As shown in FIG. 25 (b), the antenna elements share the antenna plane, but may be arranged so as not to enter each other.

When the band covered by each of the plurality of antenna elements is the same, the antenna efficiency can be increased.

In order to obtain the isolation between the individual antenna elements, the distance between the respective antenna elements is
The antennas may be arranged with an interval to obtain a predetermined isolation, or an isolator or a reflector may be connected to each antenna element.

In the present embodiment, the number of antenna elements is two or three. However, the number of antenna elements may be two or more, and is not limited to this. (Embodiment 10) FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an antenna device according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is different from the ninth embodiment in that FIG.
As shown in FIG. 6A, the antenna elements 2601, 260
2, 2603 or 2604, 2605, and 2606 are arranged so as to be layered in a direction perpendicular to the reference plane. Incidentally, the arrangement state on the projection plane with respect to the antenna element may be entirely overlapped as shown in the left diagram, may be partially overlapped as shown in the right diagram,
It may be further away. FIG. 26B shows an application example of the present embodiment, in which antennas 2611 and 2612 formed using printed wiring on a multilayer printed circuit board 2609.
Is a partially cut-away view showing a state in which the arrangement of the antenna on the horizontal plane is partially overlapped. Coupling of both elements at predetermined positions can be achieved by passing a conductor through the through hole 2610. (Embodiment 11) FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an antenna apparatus according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention. FIG. Fig. 3 shows an example of a feeding unit of an antenna. FIG.
As shown in (a), each antenna element 2701, 270
Taps 2704, 2705 and 2,705 at predetermined positions
2706 are formed and these are connected to the power supply terminal 2707. Here, the direction of tapping is the same direction for all antenna elements, but may be set arbitrarily for each antenna element.

FIG. 27B shows an antenna in which the electrodes from the power supply terminal to the tap position of each antenna element are shared. As shown in FIG.
Tap 270 at a predetermined position of 701, 270, 2703
4, 2705 and 2706 are formed, and the electrode 2708 from the tap position to the power supply terminal 2707 is common. This not only simplifies the configuration, but also allows the space saving to be achieved by arranging the electrode 2708 in parallel with the outermost antenna element 2701, for example.

FIG. 28 shows an antenna in which each antenna element is tapped via a reactance element. As shown in FIG. 28 (a), each of the antenna elements 2801, 2802, and 2803 is separately supplied to the power supply terminal 28 via a reactance element 2804, 2805, or 2806.
07, or as shown in FIG.
Common electrode 280 between power supply terminal 2807 and tap position
8, a reactance element 2809 may be provided. In this case, a reactance element may be provided between the power supply terminal and the ground terminal as shown in FIG. Thus, by using an appropriate reactance element, it is possible to obtain a desired impedance, band, and maximum efficiency. The reactance element may be adjusted using a variable reactance element. (Embodiment 12) FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an antenna apparatus according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention. A plurality of antenna elements are arranged in a predetermined range in the vicinity of the conductive ground plane, one antenna is formed by a single feed antenna element group, and the ground terminal of the feeding unit is connected to the conductive ground plane. ing. As shown in FIG. 29, a plurality of antenna elements 2901, 2902, and 2903 are singly fed from a feed terminal 2907 that is arranged so as to penetrate a conductive base plate 2909, and one antenna is configured by an antenna element group. Ground terminal 2908 of power supply unit and conductive base plate 29
09 is connected. With the above configuration, a small, high-gain antenna can be installed on a flat surface near the conductive ground plane. (Thirteenth Embodiment) FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an antenna device according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 30 (a), the interval between the opposing portions 3001 and 3002 on the open terminal side of the antenna element is set to a predetermined distance, and the coupling between them is controlled to control the tuning frequency. I do.

Regarding the setting of the coupling of the opposing portions 3001 and 3002 on the open terminal side of the antenna element,
A dielectric 3003 may be provided as shown in FIG. 30B, or both may be connected via a reactance element 3004 as shown in FIG. At this time, the coupling may be controlled with the dielectric 3003 being movable, or the coupling may be controlled with the reactance element 3004 as a variable reactance.

In this embodiment, one antenna element is shown. However, as in the antenna shown in FIG. 25, the number of antenna elements may be two or more, and the present invention is not limited to this. . (Embodiment 14) FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an antenna device according to a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 31A, the open terminals 3101 and 3102 of the antenna element and the neutral point 310
3 or opposing portions 3111 and 311 near the neutral point
The tuning frequency is controlled by setting the distance between the two to a predetermined distance.

As for the setting of the coupling between the open terminal side of the antenna element and the neutral point or an opposing portion near the neutral point, as shown in FIGS. May be provided, or both may be provided by a reactance element 3
105 or 3106. At this time, similar to the thirteenth embodiment, the dielectric 310
4 may be configured to be movable, and the coupling may be controlled, or the reactance elements 3101 and 3102 may be configured to be variable reactance to control the coupling.

In this embodiment, the number of antenna elements is one. However, as in the antenna shown in FIG. 25, the number of antenna elements may be two or more, and the present invention is not limited to this. . (Embodiment 15) FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an antenna apparatus according to a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention. In the antenna device of the present embodiment, at least one linear conductor is connected to each pole of the coil, a ground terminal is formed from a neutral point of the coil, and a tap is formed from a predetermined position of each linear conductor or the coil. The power supply terminal is taken out therefrom. As shown in FIG. 32 (a), the coil 3203 has linear conductors 3201 and 320
And the ground terminal 3 from the neutral point of the coil 3203.
206, a tap 3204 is formed from a predetermined position of a linear conductor (here, 3202), and a power supply terminal 3205 is formed.
It is configured to be taken out. Further, as shown in FIG. 32B, a tap 3204 may be formed from a predetermined position of the coil 3203, and the power supply terminal 3205 may be taken out.

According to the above configuration, the tuning frequency of the antenna can be adjusted by the number of turns of the coil, and further, the size and the bandwidth can be reduced.

FIG. 33 shows a case where the coil has a plurality of linear conductors. As shown in FIG. 33 (a), the coil 3307 has a plurality of linear conductors 330 at both poles.
1,33023303 and 3304,3305,3306
And a ground terminal 3311 from the neutral point 3310 of the coil 3307 to each linear conductor (here, 3304,
Tap 3308 from a predetermined position of 3305, 3306)
Is formed to take out the power supply terminal 3309. Further, as shown in FIG. 33B, a tap 3312 is formed from a predetermined position of the coil 3307, and the power supply terminal 33 is formed.
09 may be taken out. Although the number of linear conductors on one side is three here, the number is not limited to three as long as it is two or more.

In this embodiment, the linear conductor serving as an antenna element has only a linear shape. Well, it is not limited to this. (Embodiment 16) FIG. 34 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an antenna apparatus according to a sixteenth embodiment of the present invention. In the antenna device according to the present embodiment, one in which a plurality of linear conductors are shared, one is provided to a feeding unit via a coil,
Or it has the structure which has two. As shown in FIG. 34, an electrode 34 in which a plurality of linear conductors 3401, 3402, 3403 and 3404, 3405, 3406 are shared.
07 and 3408 and the power supply unit 3411
9, 3410. With the above configuration, the tuning frequency of the antenna can be adjusted by the number of turns of the coil, and furthermore, downsizing and a wide band can be realized. (Embodiment 17) FIG. 35 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an antenna device according to a seventeenth embodiment of the present invention. The antenna device according to the present embodiment has a configuration in which a plurality of antennas each including a plurality of antenna element groups are installed within a predetermined range, and diversity reception is performed to select an optimum reception condition among the antennas. It was done. For example, in FIG. 35, two antennas 3501 and 35
In 02, the antenna that provides the best radio wave propagation is selected by the diver change-over switch 3503 connected to the power supply unit. Here, the number of antennas is not limited to two as in the present embodiment, but may be three or more. Further, the type of antenna is not limited to the antenna having the shape shown in FIG. 35, but may be another type of antenna described in the above embodiment, different types of antennas, or the like.

In the control for selecting the optimum antenna from the plurality of antennas, control for selecting the antenna with the maximum input to the receiver may be performed. Further, control for selecting an antenna having the minimum multipath interference level may be performed.

Further, a balanced-unbalanced converter, a mode converter, or an impedance converter may be provided in each of the antenna element feeding units of the first to seventeenth embodiments or the feeding unit of an antenna in which a plurality of antenna element groups are unitarily fed. May be connected. (Embodiment 18) FIG. 36 is an external view for explaining an installation place of an antenna in an eighteenth embodiment according to the present invention. In the present embodiment, an installation location when an antenna is attached to an automobile is described. The antenna to be installed is the antenna device described in each of the above embodiments. As shown in FIG. 36,
Rear spoiler 3601, trunk lid / rear panel 3602, rear tray 3603, roof spoiler 36
04, a roof box 3606, and a roof 3605 such as a sunroof visor.

If you want to install the antenna vertically,
For example, as shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 37 (b), at both ends 3703 of the 701 and 3702, at the end 3703 of the sun visor, etc.
What is necessary is just to install in the pillar part 3704. Of course, the present invention is not limited to this, and other parts of the automobile can be installed as long as they are inclined to some extent from the horizontal plane. By arranging at these positions, it is possible to easily receive a desired polarization.

As described above, in each antenna device of the present invention, the antenna plane and the vehicle body plane, which is the conductive ground plane, can be arranged in parallel and close to each other. Since the area is small, it can be installed in a small space. Therefore, the appearance can be improved, wind noise can be suppressed, and problems such as the risk of theft and removal during car washing can be solved. (Embodiment 19) FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a mobile communication device provided with an antenna device according to a nineteenth embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 38, an antenna 3801 of any of the above-described embodiments is installed on a ceiling of a vehicle body 3805 such as an automobile. At this time, if the antenna 3801 is stored in the concave portion 3806 formed in the ceiling, the antenna does not protrude from the outline of the vehicle body 3805. The antenna 3801 is connected to the vehicle body 3805
Amplifier 3802 and modem 3803 mounted inside
And the like. (Embodiment 20) FIG. 39 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a mobile phone equipped with an antenna device according to a twentieth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 39A shows an example in which a conductive shield case 3902 provided inside a resin case 3901 of a mobile phone is used as a conductive ground plane, and the antenna 390 is parallel to the shield case 3902.
This is an example in which No. 3 is arranged on the inner side surface of the case 3901. FIG. 39B shows a case 390 made of a resin for a mobile phone.
The antenna 3904 is arranged on the upper outside of the
This is an example in which a conductive ground plate 3905 is provided inside the antenna 3904 facing the antenna 3904. In this case, the upper part of the shield case 3902 is not used as a conductive ground plane because the area is usually small. 39 (a) and (b),
As an antenna to be used, among the antennas of the above-described embodiments, an antenna having a large number of bent portions or a large number of turns, which can be easily reduced in size, may be used.

When such a configuration is used, the directivity gain on the conductor ground plane side is extremely small when viewed from the antenna. Therefore, if the conductor ground plane side is used on the human body side, the antenna efficiency can be reduced without decreasing the antenna efficiency. Electromagnetic interference can be reduced.

In the eighteenth embodiment, an example in which the antenna device is installed in a car has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and another mobile body such as an airplane or a ship may be used. Alternatively, it may be installed on a road surface, a road shoulder, a toll gate, in a tunnel, a wall surface of a building, a window, or the like of a traffic road such as a highway, not limited to a moving body.

In the nineteenth embodiment, the antenna device is described as a mobile communication device as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this. If available, it is available.

Further, in the twentieth embodiment, a mobile phone has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this.
Other portable wireless devices such as S, pager, and navigation system are also applicable. (Embodiment 21) FIG. 42 is a schematic diagram showing an antenna apparatus according to a twenty-first embodiment of the present invention. That is, FIG. 42A shows a monopole-type broadband antenna, in which a main antenna element 4202 having one end connected to the ground 4204 and a main antenna element 420
2, the element length is longer than the antenna element 4202, the element length is shorter than the antenna elements 4201 and 4202 that are not grounded at both ends,
The antenna device includes an antenna element 4203 that is not grounded at both ends. Main antenna element 420
2 is provided with a tap and is connected to a feeding point 4206 through a reactance element 4205 for impedance adjustment. FIG. 42 (b) is the same as FIG.
Antenna elements 4201, 4202, 4
203 is formed on a printed circuit board 4207 using printed wiring.

FIG. 43 shows a dipole type antenna device according to the above embodiment. That is, FIG.
Reference numeral 3 (a) denotes a dipole type broadband antenna, in which a main antenna element 4302 whose center is connected to the ground 4304, and which is arranged close to the main antenna element 4302, and whose element length is shorter than that of the antenna element 4302. This is an antenna device including an antenna element 4301 which is long and has a shorter element length than any of the antenna elements 4301 and 4302 which are not grounded, and which is not grounded at all. The main antenna element 4302 is provided with a tap and connected to a feed point 4306 through a reactance element 4305 for impedance adjustment.
FIG. 43B shows the antenna device of FIG. 43A in which the antenna elements 4301, 4302, and 4303 are formed on a printed circuit board 4307 using printed wiring.

With the above configuration, it is possible to achieve a wide band, a high gain, and easy adjustment with a simple configuration.

In the above embodiment, the antenna element shorter and the antenna element longer than the main antenna element arranged close to the main antenna element are each constituted by one. However, the present invention is not limited to this. A configuration in which the above components are arranged close to each other may be used. (Embodiment 22) FIG. 44 is a schematic structural view showing an antenna apparatus according to a twenty-second embodiment of the present invention. That is, FIG. 44A is similar to the antenna device in which the conductive ground plane is arranged close to the antenna element described in FIG. 10 and the like, but different from the antenna device in that the antenna elements 4401, 4402, and 4403 are different. The size of the conductive ground plane 4404 disposed close to the antenna element 4404 is substantially the same as or smaller than the size of the outermost antenna element 4401. According to such a configuration, the horizontal polarization gain can be improved as compared with the case where the conductive ground plane is larger than the antenna element.

FIG. 44 (b) is the same as FIG. 44 (a).
In this example, the antenna device is stored in a concave portion provided in a mobile body, a communication device case, a house wall, another device case, or the like.
4 and the case grounds are not connected. With this configuration, a high gain can be obtained for both horizontal and vertical polarizations. FIG. 94 shows the directivity gain characteristics of this antenna in vertical polarization. The installation distance (that is, the separation distance) between the antenna ground and the case ground is 10 mm for (a), 30 mm for (b),
(C) is 80 mm, (d) is 150 mm, and the shorter the installation distance, the higher the gain. That is, the closer the antenna ground and the case ground are, the better the performance is. In this example, in order to prevent the antenna from jumping out of the outer case, the antenna ground 440 is used.
4 is housed in a concave portion provided in a mobile body, a communication device case, a house wall, another device case, etc., but even if it is installed close to a flat surface of the case ground with a certain installation distance, it can be used as an antenna. The effect is the same, and this case is also included in the present invention.

In the present embodiment, the configuration is such that a balanced type is used as the antenna element. However, a configuration using an unbalanced type antenna element is also effective. (Twenty-third Embodiment) FIG. 45 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an antenna device according to a twenty-third embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is an example showing how much distance should be approached when a conductive ground plane is arranged close to an antenna element. FIG.
This is an example in the case of the number. That is, the antenna element 4501
(More precisely, the antenna ground connection) and the conductive ground plane 450
2 is 0.01 to 0.25 times the wavelength λ at the resonance frequency f of the antenna (ie, 0.0
1λ to 0.25λ). With this configuration, it is possible to increase the gain and facilitate the adjustment.

FIG. 45 (b) shows that the number of antenna elements is four.
Antenna elements 4503, 4504, 4
505 and 4506 are arranged at different distances from the conductive base plate 4507, respectively. As shown in FIG.
If the element lengths are different, the shorter the element length, the higher the resonance frequency of the antenna element and the shorter the wavelength. Therefore, the distance h of the antenna element 4506 having the shortest element length is obtained.
1 is set to be the smallest, the distance h2 between the antenna elements 4503 having the longest element length is set to be the longest, and the distance between the intermediate antenna elements 4504 and 4505 is set according to the wavelength at the resonance frequency of each antenna element. Just do it. In that case, each antenna element 4503, 45
04, 4505, 4506 and the conductor ground plate 4507 are, as described above, 0.01 to 0.25 times (ie, 0.01 λ to 0) times the respective wavelengths at the resonance frequency of each antenna element. .25λ). (Twenty-fourth Embodiment) FIG. 46 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an antenna device according to a twenty-fourth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the antenna element 4601 and the conductive ground plane 4
602, a high dielectric constant material is provided. Therefore, among the above-described antenna devices, the present invention can be applied to the antenna device having the configuration of the embodiment in which the conductive ground plane is arranged close to the antenna element. Here, between the antenna element and the conductive ground plane,
By providing the high dielectric constant material, the distance between the antenna element and the conductive ground plane can be reduced equivalently. (Twenty-Fifth Embodiment) FIG. 47 is an external view showing an example in which the antenna device according to the twenty-fifth embodiment of the present invention is applied to a vehicle body. That is, by installing any one of the above-described antenna devices of the embodiment of the present invention at four places of the vehicle body pillar portions 4701 on the front, rear, left and right of the automobile and one place of the roof portion, these planar antennas are provided. And a diversity configuration. This configuration enables good transmission and reception for both horizontal and vertical polarizations.
Here, the installation locations of the antenna are five, but the installation locations are not limited thereto. (Twenty-Sixth Embodiment) FIG. 48 is an external view showing an example in which the antenna device according to the twenty-sixth embodiment of the present invention is applied to various parts of a vehicle body. That is, the antenna device according to any of the above-described embodiments of the present invention can be installed on the surface of a vehicle body 4801 such as a roof panel, a hood, a vehicle body pillar portion, a vehicle body side surface, a bumper, a tire wheel, and a floor of the vehicle body 4801 of the vehicle. Somewhere,
Alternatively, it is attached to a plurality of locations. In FIG. 48, an antenna 4802 is provided in a place where the antenna plane is substantially horizontal.
Are installed in a place where the antenna plane is inclined obliquely, and the antenna 4804 is installed in a place where the antenna plane is almost vertical. The figure shows an appropriate place for installing the antennas, and it is not necessary to install all of them. Also, it is needless to say that it may be installed at a place other than that shown in the figure. Further, the type of the vehicle is not limited to a passenger vehicle as shown in the figure, but may be a vehicle such as a bus or a truck.

The antenna 4805 is installed so that the antenna plane is horizontal. However, since the antenna 4805 is installed especially on the back side (lower side) of the floor and the directional characteristics are directed to the road surface direction, It is suitable for communication with a radio source installed (or embedded) on a road used for communication, detection of the location of a vehicle body, and the like.

Normally, radio waves of TV and FM broadcasts are radio waves mainly of horizontal polarization, and radio waves of mobile phones and wireless communication devices are radio waves mainly of vertical polarization. Depending on the installation direction of the antenna, Whether it is suitable for horizontal polarization or vertical polarization is determined. As shown in FIG.
In an unbalanced three-element antenna 4902 that is installed in parallel with the plane of the conductive ground plane 4901 that is a part of the vertical plane and is connected to the ground end, the electric field is horizontal as shown in the right figure. Since the sensitivity to horizontal polarization can be increased, it is effective as an antenna for horizontal polarization. This can be realized by installing the antenna at the location indicated by the antenna 4804 in FIG. Further, since the antenna 4802 is an antenna installed in parallel with the horizontal surface of the vehicle body 4801, its electric field is vertical and the antenna has high sensitivity to vertical polarization, and thus is effective as a vertical polarization antenna. . Further, the antenna 4803 is an antenna that is installed obliquely inclined, has a balanced sensitivity between horizontal polarization and vertical polarization according to the degree of inclination, and is not largely influenced by the polarization direction. Can be used. FIG. 49B is a diagram showing an example of a balanced type antenna. In this case, as in the case described above, the antenna is effective as a horizontally polarized antenna. (Embodiment 27) FIG. 50 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of an antenna device according to a twenty-seventh embodiment of the present invention. The antenna device of the present embodiment differs from the above-described antenna devices in that the direction of transmitting and receiving radio waves is not on the antenna element side but on the conductor ground plane side. FIG.
As shown in (a), a three-element antenna 5002 is arranged at a predetermined interval in parallel with a conductor ground plane 5001, and the ground end of the antenna 5002 is connected to the conductor ground plane 5001, and the conductor ground plane 5001 side is outside. This is a configuration facing the This antenna has a conductive ground plane 50 corresponding to the area covered by the antenna 5002 surface in FIG.
01 (the side opposite to the antenna 5002);
It has target directivity characteristics below antenna 5002. Therefore, the antenna 5002 and the conductive ground plane 5
Even if the arrangement direction with respect to 001 is opposite to that of the conventional arrangement, the same effect as that of the antenna of the embodiment described above can be obtained. Further, as shown in FIG. Similar characteristics are obtained even when the case 5003 has a closed case shape.
02 can be communicated to the outside through the conductive ground plane 5003.

FIG. 51 shows an example in which the unbalanced type antenna device shown in FIG. 50 is replaced with a balanced type antenna device, and has the same effects as described above. FIG. 52 is a diagram illustrating an example in which the antenna device according to the present embodiment is applied to various places of the vehicle body similar to FIG. In FIG. 52, as in FIG.
The antenna 202 is installed at a place where the antenna plane is substantially horizontal, and the antenna 5203 is installed at a place where the antenna plane is inclined obliquely.
Numeral 4 is installed in a place where the antenna plane is almost vertical. The antenna 5205 is installed so that the antenna plane is horizontal. However, the antenna 5205 is installed especially inside the floor, and communicates with a radio wave source installed on the road as in the case of FIG. Suitable for. These antennas are all arranged inside the vehicle body 5201. However, for the reasons described above, the same performance as when the antenna is installed on the vehicle body surface can be realized. This is extremely advantageous from the point of view. Further, as shown in FIG. 52, even in a place where it cannot be usually attached to the outside, such as a rearview mirror, an indoor sun visor, or a license plate, it can be installed using the inside thereof.

FIG. 53 is an external view showing an application example of the antenna device according to the present embodiment to a mobile phone. An antenna 5302 is installed inside a conductor ground outer box 5301, and the antenna ground is connected to the ground outer box. 5301. With this configuration, the antenna is connected to the outer case 53.
The antenna can be used in the same manner as the case where the antenna is provided outside the antenna, and the antenna is not exposed to the outside, which is advantageous in handling. Here, a mobile phone has been described as an example.
V, PHS, and other wireless devices are also applicable.

FIG. 54 is an external view showing an example in which the antenna device according to the present embodiment is applied to a general house. That is, the antenna 5402 is installed inside a conductive door of a house 5401, the antenna 5403 is installed inside a conductive window (for example, a shutter), the antenna 5404 is installed inside a conductive wall, and the antenna 5405 is installed. Is installed inside the roof of the conductor. Thus, the house 5401
If the antenna is installed using the inside of the structure that is a conductor, the antenna is not exposed to the outside, so that damage and deterioration due to wind and rain can be prevented, leading to a longer life.

[0102] Even in the case where the house is a structure that is not a conductor, it can be easily installed by mounting a conductor only outside the place where the antenna is to be installed. (Embodiment 28) FIG. 55 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of an antenna apparatus according to a twenty-eighth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment mode, a conductive ground plane 5501 and an antenna 5502 installed in parallel and close to it are simultaneously rotatable (or may be rotated) about an axis indicated by a dashed line. . As shown in FIG. 55 (a), when the antenna 5502 is in a vertical state, the electric field is horizontal as shown in the right figure, so that the antenna 5502 has high sensitivity to horizontal polarization, and as shown in FIG. 55 (b), When the 5502 is in a horizontal state, the electric field is vertical as shown in the right figure, so that the antenna becomes highly sensitive to vertical polarization, and the antenna can be adjusted to an optimal direction according to the state of polarization. Of course, it may be set in a state of being inclined obliquely. FIG. 95 shows the directivity gain characteristics in the installation state of FIG. 55 (a), and FIG. 96 shows the directivity gain characteristics in the installation state of FIG. 55 (b). As is clear from these figures, when the antenna is vertical, the sensitivity is high for horizontal polarization, and when the antenna is horizontal, the sensitivity is high for vertical polarization.

Here, the method of rotating the conductive base plate 5501 and the antenna 5502 may be a manual method in which a handle is turned by hand or an automatic method using a driving device such as a motor.

FIG. 56 (a) is a diagram showing a configuration of an antenna device for realizing the above-mentioned effect without rotating the antenna. That is, a structure is adopted in which a ferroelectric substance 5603 is arranged between the conductive ground plane 5601 and the antenna 5602 so as to sandwich the antenna 5602. With this configuration, as shown in the right diagram of FIG.
The electric field between 604 and antenna 5605 is
Since it is spread in the horizontal direction through the line 06, the vertical component becomes smaller and the horizontal component becomes larger as compared with the case where there is no ferroelectric in the left figure. In this way, the antenna can be set for vertical polarization or horizontal polarization depending on the presence or absence of the ferroelectric substance.
When the antenna is installed in a vertical state, the above is reversed. The ferroelectric body 5603 may be prepared in two types, one that is attached at the time of manufacture and one that is not attached. (Embodiment 29) FIG. 57 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a configuration of an antenna device according to a twenty-ninth embodiment of the present invention. The antenna device according to the embodiments described above uses an element that is bent so that the installation space can be reduced. A linear element or an element having a shape adapted to the shape of the constituent member is used.

FIG. 57A shows an example in which a three-element linear antenna 5702 is arranged close to the surface of an elongated plate-shaped conductor ground plate 5701. FIG. 13B shows a three-element linear antenna 5 on the surface of a pipe-shaped conductive ground plane 5703.
704 is an example in which the elements are arranged close to each other so as to be equidistant from the conductive ground plane 5703. FIG.
This is an example in which a three-element linear antenna 5706 is arranged close to the surface of a square cylindrical conductive base plate 5705 so that each element is equidistant from the conductive base plate 5705.

FIG. 58 is a view showing an example in which, in the example of FIG. 57, when the shape of the conductive base plate is curved or bent, the element is curved or bent along the shape. 58 (a) shows an example in which a three-element antenna 5802 similarly curved is arranged close to the surface of a curved pipe-shaped conductor ground plate 5801 so that each element is equidistant from the conductor ground plate 5801. FIG. 11B shows a three-element antenna 5804 similarly bent on the surface of a square cylindrical conductive base plate 5803 bent in the middle so that each element is equidistant from the conductive base plate 5803. This is an example. Figure (c)
Is an example in which a three-element antenna 5806 similarly bent is arranged close to the surface of a plate-shaped conductor ground plate 5805 bent in the middle.

FIG. 59 (a) shows an antenna 59 installed along the periphery of the surface of a cylindrical conductive ground plate 5901.
FIG. 2B shows a spherical conductive ground plate 59.
11 shows an example of an antenna 5904 installed along the periphery of the surface of No. 03.

In the present embodiment, the case where the antenna is installed outside the constituent member that is the conductive ground plate has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. May be installed.

FIGS. 63 and 65 are diagrams showing examples of application of the antenna device according to the present embodiment. FIG. 63 shows an example in which an antenna 6302 is installed on the surface of an elongated roof rail 6303 on the roof of a vehicle body 6301. FIG.
An example in which an antenna 6502 is installed inside a long and thin roof rail 6503 on a roof of a vehicle body 6501 is shown.

FIGS. 64 and 66 are also diagrams showing examples of application of the antenna device according to the present embodiment. FIG.
Is an elongated roof box 64 on the roof of the car body 6401
FIG. 66 shows an example in which an antenna 6603 is installed inside a long and thin roof box 6602 on the roof of a vehicle body 6601. FIG. (Embodiment 30) FIGS. 60A and 60B are schematic views showing an example of the configuration of an antenna device according to a thirtieth embodiment of the present invention. The antenna device of the present embodiment has a three-element antenna 60 whose element length is relatively long with respect to the ground end connected to the conductive ground plane 6001.
02 and a three-element antenna 6003 having a short element length,
03 are provided with feeding points A6005 and B6004. As shown in FIG. 60 (c), the shorter antenna 6003 is tuned to the relatively higher frequency band A band, and the longer antenna 6002 is tuned to the relatively lower frequency band B band. An antenna capable of supporting two tuning bands with one antenna can be realized. The power supply points A6005 and B6004 may be connected to each other.

FIGS. 61A and 61B show an example of an unbalanced type antenna having two tuning bands. This antenna has one end connected to a conductive ground plane 6101 and is composed of four elements arranged close to the conductive ground plane 6101. Of the four elements, an antenna of two elements having a relatively long element length is used. A feed point B 6104 is set at 6102, and a feed point A 6105 is set at a two-element antenna 6103 having a relatively short element length. As shown in FIG. 61 (c), this configuration can cope with two tuning bands, a high-frequency A band and a low-frequency B band, as described above. In addition, the feeding point A6
005 and B6004 may be connected to each other.

FIGS. 62A and 62B show examples of balanced type antennas having two tuning bands. This antenna is a four-element antenna having a central point connected to the conductive ground plane 6201 and arranged close to the conductive ground plane 6201. Of the four elements, two antennas having a relatively long element length are used. A feed point B6204 is set on the antenna 6202, and the feed point B6204 having a relatively short element length is set.
A feeding point A6205 is set to the antenna 6203 of the element. As shown in FIG. 62 (c), this configuration can cope with two tuning bands, a high-frequency A band and a low-frequency B band, as described above. The feeding point A60
05 and B6004 may be connected to each other.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to provide a high-performance antenna device capable of coping with a plurality of tuning bands while minimizing the installation space for the antenna device. It can be applied to narrow places.

In the present embodiment, the tuning band is set to 2
However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the configuration may be such that it can support three or more bands. In that case, a plurality of antennas having an element length corresponding to each tuning band may be provided, and a feed point may be set for each antenna. (Thirty-First Embodiment) FIG. 67 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an antenna device according to a thirty-first embodiment of the present invention. The antenna device according to the present embodiment includes a conductive ground plane 670.
U-shaped antenna element 6701 provided close to
Of the antenna element 67
01 is connected to the conductor ground plane 6702. In addition, the power feeding unit 6704 is provided in the middle of the antenna element 6701 between the coil 6703 and the conductive ground plane 6702. According to this configuration, current concentrates on the coil, and the gain of the antenna device does not change and the antenna device can be reduced in size. For example, when the antenna element is configured by a strip line, the area of the antenna is reduced to 1/4. In addition, the bandwidth becomes narrow and the band characteristics become sharp.

FIG. 68 shows two antenna elements having the configuration shown in FIG. 67 connected in parallel to perform band synthesis. That is, two antenna elements 6801a and 6801b having different bands (lengths) in which coils 6803a and 6803b are respectively inserted in the middle of the elements are arranged in parallel, and one end of each is connected to the conductive ground plane 6802. 6801a and 6801b are commonly connected to a power supply 6804 via reactance elements 6805a and 6805b, respectively. With this configuration, the bands of the two antenna elements can be combined, and the antenna device can have a wider band in addition to the above effects. (Thirty-second Embodiment) FIG. 69 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an antenna device according to a thirty-second embodiment of the present invention. The antenna device of the present embodiment has a conductive ground plate 690.
U-shaped antenna element 6901 provided close to 2
A coil 6903 is inserted between one end of the conductor and the conductor ground plane 6902, and the other end of the coil 6903 is connected to the conductor ground plane 692.
02 is grounded. In addition, the power supply unit 69
04 is provided in the middle of the antenna element 6901.
According to this configuration, as in the case of the thirty-second embodiment, current concentrates on the coil, so that the gain of the antenna device is unchanged and the size can be reduced.

FIG. 70 shows two antenna elements having the configuration shown in FIG. 69 connected in parallel to perform band synthesis. That is, the antenna element 700 having two different bands (lengths)
1a and 7001b are arranged in parallel, and one end of each is commonly connected to one end of a coil 7003.
Is connected to the conductive ground plane 7002. Also,
The antenna elements 7001a and 7001b are commonly connected to a feeding unit 7004 via reactance elements 7005a and 7005b, respectively. With this configuration, the bands of the two antenna elements can be combined, and the antenna device can have a wider band in addition to the above effects. Also, since the coil is shared by the two antenna elements, only one coil is required and the configuration is simplified. (Thirty-third Embodiment) FIG. 71 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an antenna device according to a thirty-third embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is different from the above-mentioned thirty-second embodiment in that an insulator 71 is provided on a conductor ground plate 7102 as shown in FIG.
05, and the antenna element 7
101 and the coil 7103 are connected. With this configuration, the coil 7103 can be easily installed and convenient for mounting, and the coil can be installed stably. FIG.
2 is an example of a configuration in which band combining is performed by two antenna elements 7201a and 7201b, and the number of antenna elements increases and connection with the coil 7203 becomes complicated.
Since the connection point is provided on the insulator 7205 on the conductor ground plate 7202, the connection between the antenna element and the coil is further facilitated. (Embodiment 34) FIG. 73 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an antenna apparatus according to a thirty-fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the antenna device of this embodiment, the coil portion is divided into two, and the antenna element and the coil are connected using two insulators 7305a and 7305b provided on the conductive ground plate 7302. That is, the conductor ground plane 73
U-shaped antenna element 730 provided close to
1 and one end of the coil 7303a are connected to an insulator 7305.
a, and the other end of the coil 7303a is connected to one end of another coil 7303b and the power supply section 7304 on another insulator 7305b.
Is grounded to the conductive ground plane 7302. FIG. 74 shows two antenna elements 7401a and 740a.
This is an antenna device for band synthesis using 1b, in which an antenna element, a coil, and a feeding unit are connected in the same manner as in FIG.

According to these configurations, since the terminals of the power supply unit are provided on the circuit board, connection with other circuit components is facilitated. (Thirty-Fifth Embodiment) FIG. 75 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a configuration of an antenna according to a thirty-fifth embodiment of the present invention. The antenna device of this embodiment has a zigzag pattern 7503 instead of the coil in the configuration of FIG.
Is inserted into the antenna element 7501. In the configuration using the coil, the shape spreads three-dimensionally. However, by using the pattern 7503, the antenna can be formed on the same plane as the antenna element 7501 and can be manufactured by a printed wiring method or the like. FIG. 76 shows two antenna elements 76.
A band combining type using the antenna elements 7601a and 7601b is shown, and zigzag patterns 7603a and 7603b are inserted into each of the antenna elements 7601a and 7601b. This pattern may be a saw-tooth wave pattern as shown in FIG. 78 (c). (Embodiment 36) FIG. 77 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a configuration of an antenna according to a thirty-sixth embodiment of the present invention. The antenna device of the present embodiment has
02 is formed in a zigzag pattern, and the antenna element 770 is arranged in a zigzag pattern.
In this configuration, one end of a coil 7703 having one end grounded is connected to one end of the coil 1. The feeding unit 7704 is provided in the middle of the zigzag antenna element. According to this configuration, the loss increases, but the antenna device is, for example, 1/6.
The size can be further reduced to 1/8. In addition, the shape of the antenna element may be, for example, a pattern shape as shown in FIGS. 78 (b) and (c). FIG. 2B shows a three-dimensional coil shape. (Embodiment 37) FIG. 79 is a schematic view showing an example of a configuration of an antenna according to a thirty-seventh embodiment of the present invention. The antenna device according to the present embodiment includes a conductive ground plate 79.
02, an insulator 7904 is provided on the insulator 7904, and a lead wire 79 drawn from the antenna element 7901 is provided on the insulator 7904.
05 and a power supply unit 7903 are connected. With this configuration, the power supply unit 7903 is provided on the circuit board, so that connection with other circuit components is facilitated.

FIG. 80 shows that a through hole 8005 is provided in a conductive base plate 8002 so that an insulator 8004
Is provided. Then, a lead wire 8006 drawn out from the antenna element 8001 is passed through the through hole 8005 and the insulator 8004 so that the power feeding unit 8003 is connected to the insulator 800
4 is connected. Thereby, the conductor ground plane 8002
Since the circuit components can be connected on the back side of the device, the handling of other circuit components connected to the power supply unit 8003 becomes more convenient than the configuration shown in FIG.

FIG. 81 shows a structure of FIG. 80 in which another conductor plate is provided on the back surface (the surface opposite to the antenna element) of the conductor ground plate, and various circuit components are mounted on the conductor plate. Things. That is, through-holes 8104 are formed in the conductor base plate 8102 and the conductor plate 8105 so that the lead wires 8111 drawn from the antenna element 8101 pass therethrough.
The insulator 81 is provided on the conductor plate 8105 side of the through hole 8104.
03 is provided. In addition, a required number of insulators 8106 for connecting various circuit components are provided on the surface of the conductor plate 8105. Then, the lead wire 8111 is connected to the through hole 810.
4 and connected to the insulator 8103,
8110 is connected over the insulator 8103 and each 8106.

According to this configuration, the circuit can be arranged in the immediate vicinity of the antenna, and the shield between the antenna and the circuit can be easily performed by using the conductive plate, which is effective for downsizing the device.

FIG. 82 shows an example of a configuration in which circuit components are arranged on the antenna element side. That is, the conductive base plate 8
A necessary number of insulators 8203 for connecting lead wires 8205 drawn out from the antenna element 8201 and insulators 8206 for connecting various circuit components are provided over the antenna 202. Further, a conductive shield case 8204 is provided on the conductive base plate 8202 so that the antenna element 8201 and the conductive base plate 8202 can be shielded from each other.
A through-hole 8207 through which the hole 205 passes is formed. Then, the lead wire 8205 is passed through the through hole 8207 and the insulator 8203 is formed.
And the circuit components 8208 to 8210 on the insulator 8203 and each of the conductors 8206. Also, the antenna element 8
One end of 201 is grounded to shield case 8204.

According to this configuration, the circuit is accommodated between the antenna element and the conductive ground plane, but is shielded by the shield case, so that the size of the device can be further reduced as compared with the case of FIG. (Thirty-eighth Embodiment) FIG. 83 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a configuration of an antenna according to a thirty-eighth embodiment of the present invention. The antenna device according to the present embodiment includes an insulator plate 830
5, an antenna element 8301 is formed in a pattern on one surface, and one end 8307 of the antenna element 8301 penetrates the insulator plate 8305, and a lead wire 830 penetrating the insulator plate 8305 from the middle of the antenna element 8301.
3 and the lead wire 8303 is connected to the insulator plate 83.
A lead wire 8306 patterned in parallel with the antenna element 8305 is connected to the opposite surface of the
06 to the power supply unit 8304. Here, the power supply unit 83
04 is provided at a position close to one end 8307 of the antenna element 8301. Then, the insulator plate 8305 and the conductor ground plate 8302 are arranged in parallel, and the antenna element 8301
Is connected to the conductive base plate 8302.

According to such a configuration, since the grounding portion of the antenna element and the power supply portion are close to each other, it is convenient when a coaxial cable is connected.

(Embodiment 39) FIG. 84 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a configuration of an antenna according to a thirty-ninth embodiment of the present invention. In the antenna device of this embodiment, another conductive base plate 8404 is provided over a wide conductive base plate 8402 via an insulating plate 8405, and the conductive base plate 840 is provided.
The antenna element 8401 is arranged close to the antenna element 4. Here, one end of the antenna element 8401 is grounded to the conductive ground plane 8404. It is preferable that the size of the conductive base plate 8404 be equal to the area of the antenna element 8401.
Specific examples of the conductive base plate 8402 include a body of an automobile or a train, a metal case portion of a receiver or a communication device, a metal structure portion of a house, and the like.

According to such a configuration, the elevation angle having the maximum gain becomes nearly horizontal, which is suitable for communication radio waves (vertical polarization) coming from the side.

Note that the antenna devices of the thirty-first to thirty-ninth embodiments also correspond to FIGS.
Needless to say, it can be installed and used in the places described in 52, 53, 54 and the like.

Further, in the above-described embodiments 31 to 39, the number of antenna elements is one or two, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the number of antenna elements is three.
Of course, a configuration of more than this may be used.

Further, in the above-mentioned thirty-first to thirty-ninth embodiments, the shape of the antenna element has been described as a U-shape. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other shapes such as a loop shape may be used.

The structure in which the connection points are formed using the insulators described in the thirty-seventh to thirty-ninth embodiments can be applied to all the antenna devices of the other embodiments described above.

[0130]

As apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, a linear conductor having at least one bent portion or a curved portion or a spiral linear conductor is connected to the power supply portion by one. One or two or more antenna elements having a single feed are connected to the ground terminal of the conductive ground plane, and the antenna is arranged near the vehicle body such as an automobile, or integrated with the vehicle body to form a flat surface. It is possible to provide a high-performance antenna device which can be installed on a small surface and can be miniaturized so that it can be arranged even in a narrow place.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an antenna device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the antenna device according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an antenna device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the antenna device according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an antenna device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the antenna device according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the antenna device according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the antenna device according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an antenna device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the antenna device according to the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the antenna device according to the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the antenna device according to the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an antenna device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the antenna device according to the fifth embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an antenna device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the antenna device according to the sixth embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the antenna device according to the sixth embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the antenna device according to the sixth embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an antenna device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the antenna device according to the seventh embodiment.

FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the antenna device according to the seventh embodiment.

FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an antenna device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a schematic view showing another example of the antenna device according to the eighth embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a positional relationship between an antenna and a conductive ground plane in the antenna device according to the eighth embodiment.

FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an antenna device according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an antenna device according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a schematic view showing an example of an antenna device according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a schematic view showing another example of the antenna device according to the eleventh embodiment.

FIG. 29 is a schematic view showing an example of an antenna device according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an antenna device according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an antenna device according to a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 32 is a schematic view showing an example of an antenna device according to a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram showing another example of the antenna device according to the fifteenth embodiment.

FIG. 34 is a schematic view showing an example of an antenna device according to a sixteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 35 is a schematic view showing an example of an antenna device according to a seventeenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 36 is an external view illustrating an example of an installation location in the antenna device according to the eighteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 37 is an external view for explaining another example of the installation place in the antenna device of the eighteenth embodiment.

FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a mobile communication device including the antenna device according to the nineteenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 39 is a schematic view showing an example of a mobile phone provided with the antenna device according to the twentieth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 40 is a diagram illustrating an example of band combining according to the present invention.

FIG. 41 is a diagram illustrating an example of gain accumulation in the present invention.

FIG. 42 is a diagram schematically illustrating the configuration of an antenna device according to a twenty-first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 43 is a schematic view showing another example of the antenna device of the twenty-first embodiment.

FIG. 44 is a schematic view showing an example of an antenna device according to a twenty-second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 45 is a schematic view showing an example of an antenna device according to a twenty-third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 46 is a schematic view showing an example of an antenna device according to a twenty-fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 47 is an external view showing an example in which the antenna device according to the twenty-fifth embodiment of the present invention is applied to a vehicle body.

FIG. 48 is an external view showing an example of applying the antenna installation location to various parts of the vehicle body in the twenty-sixth embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 49 is a diagram illustrating characteristics of the antenna according to the twenty-sixth embodiment.

FIG. 50 is a schematic view showing a configuration of an antenna according to a twenty-seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 51 is a schematic diagram showing another configuration of the antenna according to the twenty-seventh embodiment.

FIG. 52 is an external view showing an example of applying the antenna installation location to various parts of the vehicle body in the twenty-seventh embodiment.

FIG. 53 is an external view showing an example in which the antenna of the twenty-seventh embodiment is applied to a mobile phone.

FIG. 54 is an external view showing an example in which the antenna of the twenty-seventh embodiment is applied to a general house.

FIG. 55 is a schematic view showing a configuration of an antenna according to a twenty-eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 56 (a) is a schematic view showing a configuration of another example of the antenna according to the twenty-eighth embodiment, and FIG.
FIG.

FIG. 57 is a schematic view showing an example of a configuration of an antenna according to a twenty-ninth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 58 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of another example of the antenna according to the twenty-ninth embodiment.

FIG. 59 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of still another example of the antenna according to the twenty-ninth embodiment.

FIGS. 60A and 60B show a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2C is a schematic diagram showing an example of the configuration of the antenna according to the embodiment of FIG. 1, and FIG.

FIGS. 61 (a) and (b) are schematic diagrams showing the configuration of another example of the antenna according to the thirtieth embodiment, and FIG. 61 (c) is a diagram illustrating the frequency characteristics thereof. is there.

62 (a) and (b) are schematic diagrams showing a configuration of still another example of the antenna according to the thirtieth embodiment;
FIG. 3C is a diagram for explaining the frequency characteristics.

FIG. 63 is a diagram illustrating an example of application of the antenna device in the twenty-ninth embodiment.

FIG. 64 is a diagram showing another application example of the antenna device in the twenty-ninth embodiment.

FIG. 65 is a diagram showing still another application example of the antenna device in the twenty-ninth embodiment.

FIG. 66 is a diagram showing still another application example of the antenna device in the twenty-ninth embodiment.

FIG. 67 is a schematic view showing an example of a configuration of an antenna according to a thirty-first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 68 is a schematic view showing the configuration of another example of the antenna according to the thirty-first embodiment.

FIG. 69 is a schematic view showing an example of a configuration of an antenna according to a thirty-second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 70 is a schematic view showing a configuration of another example of the antenna according to the thirty-second embodiment.

FIG. 71 is a schematic view showing an example of a configuration of an antenna according to a thirty-third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 72 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of another example of the antenna according to the thirty-third embodiment.

FIG. 73 is a schematic view showing an example of the configuration of the antenna according to the thirty-fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 74 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of another example of the antenna according to the thirty-fourth embodiment.

FIG. 75 is a schematic view showing an example of a configuration of an antenna according to a thirty-fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 76 is a schematic view showing the configuration of another example of the antenna according to the thirty-fifth embodiment.

FIG. 77 is a schematic view showing an example of a configuration of an antenna according to a thirty-sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 78 is a schematic view showing another pattern example according to the thirty-sixth embodiment.

FIG. 79 is a schematic view showing an example of a configuration of an antenna according to a thirty-seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 80 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of another example of the antenna according to the thirty-seventh embodiment.

FIG. 81 is a schematic view showing a configuration of another example of the antenna according to the thirty-seventh embodiment.

FIG. 82 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of another example of the antenna according to the 37th embodiment;

FIG. 83 is a schematic view showing an example of a configuration of an antenna according to a thirty-eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 84 is a schematic view showing an example of a configuration of an antenna according to a thirty-ninth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 85 is a perspective view showing a specific configuration of the antenna device in FIG. 2;

86 is a diagram illustrating impedance and VSWR characteristics of the antenna of FIG. 85.

87 is a diagram illustrating directivity gain characteristics in the antenna of FIG. 85.

FIG. 88 is a diagram showing VSWR characteristics of one element for explaining band combining in a four-element antenna.

FIG. 89 is a diagram showing VSWR characteristics of another element for explaining band combining in a four-element antenna.

FIG. 90 is a diagram showing VSWR characteristics of another element for explaining band combining in a four-element antenna.

FIG. 91 is a diagram illustrating VSWR characteristics of another element for explaining band combining in a four-element antenna.

FIG. 92 is a diagram showing VSWR characteristics when the four-element antennas of FIGS. 88 to 91 are band-combined.

93 is a diagram showing VSWR characteristics when the range of the vertical axis in FIG. 92 is enlarged.

FIG. 94 is a diagram showing directivity gain characteristics when the installation distance between the antenna ground and the device ground in the antenna of FIG. 44 (b) is changed.

FIG. 95 is a diagram showing directivity gain characteristics of the antenna of FIG. 55 (a).

FIG. 96 is a diagram showing directivity gain characteristics of the antenna of FIG. 55 (b).

[Explanation of symbols]

 101, 104 Antenna element (linear conductor) 102 Feeding terminal 205 Conductor ground plane 502, 504 Reactance element 1304 Printed circuit board 1505 Depression 1806 Multi-layer printed circuit board 1901 Feed point 3003 Dielectric 3203 Coil 3503 Diver switch 3804 Communication device 3805 Body 3902 Shield case 4603 High dielectric constant material 5603, 5606 Ferroelectric

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI H01Q 9/27 H01Q 9/27 11/08 11/08 21/24 21/24 21/30 21/30

Claims (88)

[Claims] 1. An antenna device, wherein one or two or more linear conductors having at least one bent portion or curved portion exist with respect to a feeding portion. 2. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the bent portion or the curved portion is an even number of four or more. 3. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein one or two or more spiral-shaped linear conductors are provided for the power supply unit. 4. The power supply unit has two linear conductors, and the winding directions of the two linear conductors, which are bent, curved, or form a spiral, are mutually opposite from the power supply unit. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the directions are the same. 5. There are two linear conductors with respect to the power supply unit, and the winding directions of the two linear conductors that bend, curve, or form a spiral are mutually away from the power supply unit. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the directions are different from each other. 6. A method according to claim 1, wherein a length from the power supply section to the first bending point or the bending point is relatively longer or shorter than a length from the first bending point or the bending point to the second bending point or the bending point. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein: 7. An antenna device disposed near a conductor ground plane, wherein a ground terminal of the antenna is connected to the conductor ground plane. 8. An antenna device which is arranged near a conductor ground plane and has a switching element provided between a ground terminal of the antenna and the conductor ground plane. 9. The antenna device according to claim 7, wherein a power supply terminal of the antenna penetrates the conductive ground plane, and power is supplied from a side opposite to where the antenna is installed. 10. A desired directivity or polarization plane is obtained by controlling connection switching between a ground terminal of the antenna and the conductive ground plane using a switching element. The antenna device as described in the above. 11. The antenna device according to claim 8, wherein, when the switching element is turned on, the plane of polarization for obtaining the maximum efficiency becomes horizontal polarization. 12. The antenna device according to claim 8, wherein, when the switching element is turned off, the plane of polarization for obtaining the maximum efficiency becomes vertical polarization. 13. The antenna device according to claim 8, wherein connection switching of the switching element can be remotely controlled. 14. The antenna device according to claim 7, wherein a characteristic of the antenna is controlled to a required characteristic by changing a distance between the antenna and the conductive ground plane. 15. The characteristic of the antenna is controlled to a desired characteristic by changing an angle between an antenna plane and the plane of the conductive ground plane.
10. The antenna device according to any one of 9 above. 16. The antenna device according to claim 7, wherein a spacer is inserted between the antenna and the conductive ground plane, and the spacer is made of a low dielectric constant material. . 17. The conductor ground plate is a part of a moving body, a part of a building, a part of a structure, or a part of a wireless device. An antenna device according to item 1. 18. An antenna device, wherein an antenna is constituted by an antenna element group in which a plurality of antenna elements are united by a single feed unit. 19. The antenna device according to claim 18, wherein taps are formed at predetermined positions of the plurality of antenna elements, and the single feeder is formed by combining the taps. 20. The antenna device according to claim 18, wherein the plurality of antenna elements have the same tuning frequency and a predetermined antenna efficiency is obtained. 21. A plurality of antenna elements corresponding to a plurality of divided bands obtained by dividing a target frequency band, wherein a desired band is realized by the antenna element group. Claim 1
20. The antenna device according to 8 or 19. 22. The antenna device according to claim 21, wherein tuning frequencies of the individual antenna elements are set at predetermined intervals. 23. The antenna according to claim 18, wherein the frequency band to be covered is set above or below a tuning frequency of each antenna element in a single case.
10. The antenna device according to 9. 24. The antenna device according to claim 18, wherein the set bandwidth is adjusted by controlling the number of connected antenna elements to a predetermined number. 25. An arrangement state of each antenna element, whether one of the plurality of antenna elements is an antenna plane on a reference plane, and whether each antenna is arranged close to or concentrated within the reference plane; Or, each antenna plane is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the reference plane so as to be layered, or each antenna plane is arranged in a vertical direction and shifted horizontally. The antenna device according to claim 18 or 19, wherein: 26. The antenna device according to claim 18, wherein a long antenna element is set to a relatively low tuning frequency, and a short antenna element is set to a relatively high tuning frequency.
An antenna device according to item 1. 27. The antenna device according to claim 18, wherein a long antenna element is disposed relatively outside, and a short antenna element is disposed relatively inside. 28. The balun according to claim 18, wherein a balun converter is used in a feed section of the antenna.
An antenna device according to item 1. 29. An active element or an amplifying element is connected to a feed section of the antenna.
Or the antenna device according to 19. 30. A feeder of the antenna, wherein an impedance converter is used, a coil whose one side is grounded and one side is a feed end is arranged in close proximity, or a balance coil is arranged in close proximity. The antenna device according to claim 18 or 19, wherein 31. An antenna according to claim 18, wherein an isolator is used in a feed section of each antenna element.
10. The antenna device according to 9. 32. The antenna device according to claim 19, wherein the tapping direction is arbitrarily set for each antenna element. 33. The antenna device according to claim 19, wherein an electrode from the power supply terminal to a tap position of each antenna element is shared. 34. The common electrode according to claim 33, wherein the common electrode is arranged in parallel with the antenna element.
An antenna device according to item 1. 35. The antenna device according to claim 19, wherein each antenna element is tapped via a reactance element or a variable reactance element. 36. The antenna device according to claim 35, wherein a predetermined impedance, a predetermined band, a predetermined directivity, or a maximum efficiency can be obtained by adjusting a reactance value of each antenna element. 37. An antenna device wherein a tuning frequency is controlled by setting a coupling between opposing portions of an antenna element on an open terminal side. 38. An antenna characterized in that a tuning frequency is controlled by setting a coupling between an open terminal side of an antenna element and a neutral point or an opposing portion near a neutral point. apparatus. 39. The antenna device according to claim 37, wherein the setting of the coupling of the opposing portions is performed by providing a predetermined distance therebetween. 40. The antenna device according to claim 37, wherein the setting of the coupling of the opposing portions is performed by connecting a lumped constant therebetween. 41. Each of the two poles of the coil has at least one
It is characterized in that two or more linear conductors are connected, a ground terminal is formed from the neutral point of the coil, and a tap is formed from a predetermined position of each linear conductor or coil, from which the power supply terminal is taken out. Antenna device. 42. The at least one linear conductor,
An antenna device, wherein one or two power supply units are provided via a coil. 43. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein each antenna element is formed by printed wiring on the same substrate or a multilayer substrate. 44. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein control is performed to select one or two or more antennas from a plurality of antennas. 45. The antenna device according to claim 44, wherein in the control for selecting an antenna, control for selecting an antenna having a maximum input to a receiver is performed. 46. The antenna device according to claim 44, wherein in the control for selecting an antenna, control for selecting an antenna having a minimum multipath interference level is performed. 47. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the antenna element is provided in a recess of the conductive ground plane. 48. The conductive base plate having a mesh shape or one
The antenna device according to any one of claims 7 to 17, wherein the antenna device is a plate provided with at least two through holes. 49. A main antenna element whose predetermined portion is grounded, and one or more antenna elements which are arranged close to the main antenna element and which are relatively shorter than the main antenna element and whose both ends are not grounded. And one or more antenna elements which are arranged close to the main antenna element, are relatively longer than the main antenna element, and are not grounded at both ends. 50. The antenna device according to claim 49, wherein the antenna element is a monopole type or a dipole type. 51. The antenna device according to claim 49, wherein each antenna element is formed on a printed circuit board by using a printed wiring method. 52. The antenna device according to claim 7, wherein the size of the conductive ground plane is substantially equal to or smaller than the size of the antenna element surface. 53. The antenna device according to claim 52, wherein the conductive base plate is not connected to another ground member near the conductive base plate. 54. The distance between the conductor ground plane and the antenna element is 0.01 to 0.25 times (0.01 to 0.25 times) the wavelength λ at the resonance frequency f of the antenna.
The antenna device according to any one of claims 7 to 17, wherein the antenna device is set to λ). 55. When a plurality of antenna elements are arranged, a distance between the conductive ground plane and each of the antenna elements is set to a wavelength λ at a resonance frequency f of each antenna for each of the antenna elements. The antenna device according to any one of claims 7 to 17, wherein the antenna device is set to 0.01 to 0.25 times (0.01 to 0.25λ). 56. A high dielectric constant member is arranged between a conductor ground plane and said antenna element.
18. The antenna device according to any one of items 17 to 17. 57. The antenna device according to claim 44, wherein the plurality of antennas are installed at a plurality of positions on a vehicle body pillar portion and a roof portion of the automobile, and the plurality of antennas are configured in a diversity configuration. 58. A conductor ground plate, and an antenna element having a ground portion connected to the conductor ground plate and arranged close to the conductor ground plate, wherein at least a region of the conductor ground plate facing the antenna element is larger than the antenna element. An antenna device which is arranged on a communication partner side. 59. The antenna according to claim 58, wherein the conductive ground plane substantially surrounds the periphery of the antenna element.
The antenna device as described in the above. 60. The antenna device according to claim 58, wherein the conductive ground plane is a part of any of a moving body, a building, a structure, and a wireless device. 61. A conductive ground plane, an antenna element connected to a ground portion to the conductive ground plane, and an antenna element arranged close to the conductive ground plane, and rotating means for rotating the conductive ground plane and the antenna element in the arranged state. An antenna device comprising: 62. A conductor ground plate, an antenna element having a ground portion connected to the conductor ground plate, and an antenna element disposed close to the conductor ground plate, and between the conductor ground plate and the antenna element and around the antenna element. An antenna device comprising: an installed ferroelectric substance. 63. The antenna device according to claim 62, wherein the ferroelectric is movable. 64. A conductive ground plate, comprising: a ground portion connected to the conductive ground plate; and an antenna element disposed close to the conductive ground plate, wherein the antenna element is formed in a shape matching the shape of the conductive ground plate. An antenna device comprising: 65. The antenna device according to claim 64, wherein the antenna element is disposed inside the conductive ground plane. 66. A conductor ground plate, a plurality of antenna elements of different lengths, each having a ground portion connected to the conductor ground plate, and arranged close to each other corresponding to a tuning frequency of a plurality of bands, and An antenna device comprising: a plurality of power supply units provided respectively. 67. A conductive ground plane, comprising: a ground part connected to the conductive ground plane, and an antenna element disposed close to the conductive ground plane, wherein the conductive ground plane is a portion forming a substantially vertical wall of a vehicle; An antenna device wherein the electric field of the antenna element is formed substantially horizontally. 68. A conductive ground plane, comprising: a ground part connected to the conductive ground plane, and an antenna element arranged close to the conductive ground plane, wherein the conductive ground plane is a portion forming a substantially horizontal wall of a vehicle, An antenna device wherein the electric field of the antenna element is formed substantially vertically. 69. A conductor base plate, and an antenna element having a ground portion connected to the conductor base plate and disposed close to the conductor base plate, wherein the conductor base plate is a part of a housing wall of the mobile device, and An antenna device, wherein an antenna element is disposed inside the housing wall. 70. A conductive base plate, and an antenna element disposed close to the conductive base plate, a predetermined portion of the antenna element is formed of a coil or a zigzag-shaped conductor, and one end of the antenna element Is grounded to the conductive ground plane. 71. When the coil or the zigzag-shaped conductor is formed at an end of the antenna element, the coil or the zigzag-shaped conductor and another part of the antenna element are connected to each other. 8. The connection is made on an insulator provided on the conductor ground plane.
0. The antenna device according to 0. 72. A conductive base plate, and two or more antenna elements having different lengths arranged in close proximity to the conductive base plate, and a predetermined portion of each of the antenna elements has a coil or zigzag shape. An antenna device comprising a conductor, and one end of each of the antenna elements is commonly grounded to the conductive ground plane. 73. A conductor ground plane, two or more antenna elements having different lengths arranged close to the conductor ground plane, and a coil connected to a common connection point at one end of each of the antenna elements, or An antenna device comprising: a zigzag-shaped conductor; and the other end of the coil or the zigzag-shaped conductor is grounded to the conductive ground plane. 74. The antenna according to claim 73, wherein the coil or the zigzag-shaped conductor and another portion of the antenna element are connected on an insulator provided on the conductive ground plane. apparatus. 75. The coil or the zigzag-shaped conductor is divided into two parts, and the connection of the two divided parts is performed on an insulator provided on the conductor ground plane, 76. The antenna device according to claim 71, wherein a power supply unit is further connected to the connection unit. 76. An antenna device comprising an antenna element entirely formed of a coil or a zigzag-shaped conductor and having a shape having at least one bent portion or curved portion. 77. A conductor ground plate, and an antenna element having one end grounded to the conductor ground plate and disposed close to the conductor ground plate, and a feeder is connected to an insulator provided on the conductor ground plate as a relay point. An antenna device, comprising: 78. A conductor ground plate, and an antenna element having one end grounded to the conductor ground plate and disposed close to the conductor ground plate, a through hole is formed in the conductor ground plate, and the antenna element in the through hole is provided. An antenna device, wherein an insulator is provided on the opposite side of the conductor ground plane, and a feeder is connected on the insulator through the through hole. 79. One or more other insulators may be provided on the conductor ground plate on the side where the insulators are provided, and a circuit component may be connected between the other insulators and the insulators. 79. The antenna device according to claim 78. 80. A conductive base plate, an antenna element disposed close to the conductive base plate, and a conductive case provided between the antenna element and the conductive base plate and having a through hole in a predetermined portion. One end of the antenna element is grounded to the conductor case, and a feeder is connected to one of a plurality of insulators provided on the conductor ground plane in the conductor case through the through-hole, and An antenna device wherein circuit components are connected between bodies. 81. A conductor ground plate, an insulator plate disposed close to the conductor ground plate, an antenna element formed on the insulator plate farther from the conductor ground plate, and A conductor that penetrates the insulator plate, and a conductor connected to the conductor and formed on a surface of the insulator plate opposite to a surface on which the antenna element is formed; one end of the antenna element is formed of the conductive material; An antenna device grounded to a body ground plane, wherein a feeder is connected to the conductor near the grounded one end. 82. A conductor base plate, an insulator plate provided on the conductor base plate, a conductor plate provided on the insulator plate and having a smaller area than the conductor base plate, An antenna device, comprising: an antenna element which is disposed and one end of which is grounded to the conductor plate. 83. The antenna device according to claim 82, wherein an area of the conductor plate and an area of the antenna element are substantially the same. 84. The two or more antenna elements are unitized by a single feed unit.
75. The antenna device according to any one of 75. 85. The two or more antenna elements are antennas respectively corresponding to a plurality of divided bands obtained by dividing a target frequency band, and a desired band is realized by the antenna element group. 85. The antenna device according to claim 84, wherein: 86. A conductive ground plate having an antenna grounding conductive plate provided at a predetermined location, and an antenna element disposed near the conductive ground plate and having one end connected to the antenna grounding conductive plate. An antenna device, comprising: 87. The antenna device according to claim 86, wherein said conductor ground plane and said antenna element plane are disposed substantially in parallel. 88. The antenna device according to claim 86, wherein an area of the conductor ground plane and an area of the antenna element plane are substantially the same.