JPH11329477A - Sealed lead-acid battery - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sealed lead-acid battery of retainer type, capable of being manufactured in the same way as before, without permeation of solved-out lead into separator pores or short-circuiting, if thin electrode plates are used for increasing output and the inter-electrode dimension is adapted to be a value smaller than 1 mm. SOLUTION: This sealed lead-acid battery has a double-layer type separator comprising a first layer mainly composed of acid-resistant fibers and having holes of 1 to 30 μm in diameter and a second layer mainly composed of silicon dioxide (silica) and having holes of 0.01 to 1 μm in diameter, with a surface on the side of the first layer caused to abut on a positive electrode plate and a surface on the side of the second layer on a negative electrode plate, and has an inter-electrode dimension not less than 0.4 mm and not more than 1 mm.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a sealed lead-acid battery.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional general closed-type lead-acid battery of a retainer type comprises a non-formed positive electrode plate and an un-formed negative electrode plate formed of a fine glass fiber as a main material and having a diameter of 1 to 30 μm. After alternately stacking via a single-layer separator (glass separator) having the following, the ears of the electrode plates of the same polarity are connected by welding such as burning or cast-on strap (COS) to form an electrode plate group. After storing in a battery case,
A lid with an opening for liquid injection and exhaust is bonded by heat welding or an adhesive, and after the electrolyte is injected into the storage battery through this opening, it is cooled with water or air to prevent the temperature of the storage battery from rising excessively. It is manufactured by a method of energizing while so-called battery forming.

[0003]

In recent years, a sealed type lead storage battery of a retainer type has been used as a power source for an electric vehicle, and has attained an acceleration performance equal to or higher than that of a gasoline vehicle, and has achieved the same performance as the electric vehicle itself. In order to reduce the weight, it has been required to increase the output of the storage battery.

In order to increase the output of a sealed lead-acid battery of the same external size, it is necessary to increase the number of electrode plates, that is, the number of electrode plates in a cell, by using thin electrode plates. In addition, the distance between the electrodes is less than 1 mm.

For this reason, a conventional closed lead-acid battery of a retainer type incorporating a single-layer separator (glass separator) mainly made of fine glass fibers and having pores having a diameter of 1 to 30 μm is known, for example. When the storage battery is completely discharged and left in a state where the specific gravity of the electrolyte is lowered, the lead of the negative electrode plate is eluted into the electrolyte, and the pores of the separator (glass separator) of this single layer serving as the separator are removed. Deposit
In order to cause a so-called osmotic short-circuit and eventually increase the possibility of a short-circuit, the gap between the electrodes has to be empirically set to 1 mm or more.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention provides a first layer mainly composed of fibers having acid resistance and having pores having a diameter of 1 to 30 .mu.m, a layer mainly composed of silicon dioxide (silica) and having a diameter of 0. And a second layer having a hole having a diameter of 0.01 to 1 μm, and the two-layer integrated separator was in contact with the positive electrode plate on the first layer side and the negative electrode plate on the second layer side. With this configuration, it is an object of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problem in a closed-type lead storage battery of a retainer type having a gap between 0.4 mm and less than 1 mm.

[0007]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION According to the present invention, the distance between poles is 0.4 mm.
In a closed type lead-acid battery of a retainer type having a diameter of 1 to 30 μm, the fiber is mainly acid-resistant.
A two-layer integrated separator composed of a first layer having pores of a first layer and a second layer mainly composed of silicon dioxide (silica) and having a pore having a diameter of 0.01 to 1 μm is provided on the first layer side. The surface of the second layer is in contact with the positive electrode plate, and the surface of the second layer is in contact with the negative electrode plate, thereby avoiding or reducing the risk of short circuit. As a result, a higher output of a sealed sealed lead-acid battery of the same external size can be achieved by a method of increasing the number of electrode plates even when the distance between the electrodes becomes 0.4 mm or more and less than 1 mm. .

[0008]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below based on embodiments.

[0009] Calcium: 0.05 wt%, tin;
A positive electrode plate in which a positive electrode paste is filled in a grid made of an antimony-free lead alloy containing 2 wt%, and calcium;
0.05 wt%, tin; 0.2 wt%, aluminum;
A negative electrode plate in which a grid made of an antimony-free lead alloy containing 02 wt% is filled with a negative electrode paste, a first layer mainly composed of the acid-resistant fiber of the present invention and having holes having a diameter of 1 to 30 μm; A two-layer integrated separator composed mainly of silicon dioxide (silica) and having a hole having a diameter of 0.01 to 1 μm; After the required number of layers are alternately stacked, the ears of the same polarity electrode plates are welded alternately through the two electrode plates while contacting the side surface with the negative electrode plate, and a pair of electrode plates is produced. And the lid is heat-welded to the battery case, and 28 Ah / 5 at 12 V.
An hR retainer-type sealed lead-acid battery was assembled.

At this time, as the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, those manufactured by reducing the thickness variation of each part of the electrode plate and by special management so as to reliably obtain a target gap between the electrodes were used.

The distance between the poles is 1.2 mm, 1.0 m
m, 0.8mm, 0.6mm, 0.4mm, 0.3mm
And a penetrating short-circuit test was performed using these sealed lead-acid batteries.

In this osmotic short circuit test, first, １ ／ of the required amount of injected sulfuric acid was injected, left for 24 hours, and the remaining 1 /
Then, the battery is disassembled to check the state and degree of permeation or short circuit after the formation of the battery container is completed.

For comparison, a single-layer conventional glass separator mainly made of fine glass fiber and having a hole of 1 to 30 μm in diameter and having the same specifications except for the separator using the same parts is used. A lead storage battery was assembled, and a penetration short circuit test of the same contents was also performed. Table 1 shows a list of test results.

[0014]

[Table 1] First, in the retainer-type sealed lead-acid battery of the present invention,
In a storage battery having a gap between the electrodes of 0.6 mm or more, no permeation or short circuit occurred. And the gap between poles is 0.
With the 4 mm storage battery, traces that seemed to penetrate very slightly were confirmed, but no short circuit occurred. Further, in the storage battery having the gap between the electrodes of 0.3 mm, although the penetration and the short circuit occurred, the degree was small.

On the other hand, in a comparative storage battery incorporating a single-layer conventional glass separator having a hole having a diameter of 1 to 30 μm and mainly made of fine glass fibers, when the gap between electrodes is less than 1 mm, , Permeation and short-circuiting occurred remarkably, and the degree became larger as the distance between the electrodes became smaller.

In the two-layer monolithic separator of the present embodiment, as the acid-resistant fibers forming the first layer, fine glass fibers having an average fiber diameter of 0.8 μm were used. This is because, when the average fiber diameter is 1 μm or more, the holding performance of the electrolyte is not sufficient. Therefore, the fiber used here may be a synthetic fiber as long as it can ensure liquid retention and has acid resistance.

The second layer is formed by concentrating and attaching silica to one surface of the first layer. The second layer is formed by mixing a small amount of fine glass fiber and a small amount of organic fiber into a sheet. It may be attached to the first layer.

In the present invention, a lead-calcium-tin-aluminum alloy is used for the grids of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate. However, a sealed lead-acid battery such as a lead-calcium alloy or a lead-low antimony alloy may be used. Similar effects were obtained in the case of a lattice using a commonly used alloy.

[0019]

According to the present invention, there is provided a first layer mainly composed of fibers having acid resistance and having pores having a diameter of 1 to 30 .mu.m, a layer mainly composed of silicon dioxide (silica) having a diameter of 0.01 to 1 .mu.m.
A two-layer integrated separator composed of a second layer having holes, the first layer-side surface being in contact with the positive electrode plate, and the second layer-side surface being in contact with the negative electrode plate, respectively. 0.4m between spaces
It is characterized in that it is incorporated in a sealed lead storage battery of a retainer type having a length of at least 1 m and less than 1 mm.

Accordingly, when the number of plates in the cell is increased in order to increase the output of a sealed sealed lead-acid battery of the same external size, the distance between the poles is 0.4 mm or more and 1 mm or more.
Even if the value is less than mm, penetration and short circuit hardly occur.

Further, since the present separator is of a two-layer integral type, stacking (stacking of separator and electrode plate)
However, there is an advantage that it can be performed without any difference from the conventional single-layer glass separator, and the equipment at the time of assembly can be used as it is. Thus, the industrial value of the present invention is high.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A fiber mainly composed of acid-resistant fibers having a diameter of 1
A two-layer integrated separator comprising a first layer having pores of about 30 μm and a second layer mainly composed of silicon dioxide (silica) and having pores having a diameter of 0.01 to 1 μm, A sealed lead-acid battery in which the distance between the electrodes is 0.4 mm or more and less than 1 mm, wherein the layer side surface is in contact with the positive electrode plate and the second layer side surface is in contact with the negative electrode plate.