JPH11319789A - Device and method for fermenting and drying/ preliminarily carbonizing/burning vegetable organic substance, thermophilic fermentative bacteria, and fermented dried material - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To change a powdery/granular or crushed state vegetable organic substance to an excellent fermented dried raw material for a carbonaceous material, by oxidatively fermenting the vegetable organic substance with aerobic thermophilic fermentative bacteria to dry it, fermentatively decompose oil, and depolymerize fibrous material or the like by fermentation. SOLUTION: Thermophilic fermentative bacteria are added to a powdery or granular vegetable organic substance 2 accommodated in a mixing preliminary fermentor 1, and both are mixed and stirred by an impeller type mixer 3. At this time, some fermentation dryness has already been begun, and the transpiration of moisture by the fermentation heat also starts. To accelerate the preliminary fermentative drying and to further accelerate the transpiration of moisture, a pipe 5 which circulates heat by utilizing exhaust heat from a preliminary carbonization tank is passed through the bottom wall of the mixing preliminary fermentor 1 to warm the vegetable organic substance 2. Therefore, the fermentative drying is carried out by using the degrees of dryness, decomposition, and depolymerization as indices. Thereby, a good quality fermented dried material can be surely obtained.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to, for example, coffee beans, coffee grounds, tea leaves, corn, various cereals or their husks, potatoes and fruits, their pulp or cooked lees, rice straw and wheat straw. Fermentation drying method of various plant organic materials such as various straws, fermentation drying material prepared by such fermentation drying method, fermentation drying of plant organic material as fermentation drying material for further predetermined use purpose Advantageously, a fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization / firing method for preliminary carbonization and firing, an apparatus capable of efficiently performing a part or all of the fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization / firing method, and a fermentation drying method for the plant organic matter It relates to the high temperature fermentation bacteria used.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for the disposal or effective use of organic wastes having a high water content, measures have been taken such as composting, carbonization or incineration after dehydration or thermal drying. However, due to problems such as generation of offensive odor, energy cost, disposal of waste liquid or residual ash, etc., it is difficult to say that these are sufficient measures.

[0003] Under these circumstances, various kinds of waste vegetable organic substances, which are a kind of organic waste, such as coffee grounds, tea leaves, rice husk of corn and various cereals, pomace and fruit pulp or cooked lees, rice The same applies to various straws such as straw and wheat straw.

[0004] For example, taking the case of composting coffee grounds (residue of coffee extraction) as an example, composting usually requires a long period of about 6 months because of its high carbon content, and During that time, it emits an unusual odor / odor. When applied as immature as compost, sulfide gas is generated and causes root rot of the crop.

In recent years, with the spread of word processors, so-called personal computers or microcomputers (compact desktop or laptop computers), portable telephones, various types of printers and other electronic information devices, extremely small and high-performance lithium ion secondary batteries have been developed. Secondary batteries are attracting attention. In particular, the search for negative electrode active materials (carbonaceous negative electrode materials capable of doping / dedoping lithium ions), which are critical in their performance, has been conducted in the battery industry, electric equipment industry, information equipment industry, automobile industry, etc. Has become a serious concern.

The present applicant has already filed Japanese Patent Application No.
In the specification attached to the application No. 13965, the coffee grounds is fermented at a high temperature under aerobic conditions, dried, and then carbonized, whereby good carbon (carbonaceous material) is obtained without adversely affecting the environment. To obtain an advantageous technology.

[0007] In the specification of Japanese Patent Application No. 8-526767 (International Application No. PCT / JP96 / 00548) (refer to WO96 / 27911), coffee beans, tea leaves, sugarcane, corn and fruits are described. Kind,
The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary solution is based on the fact that straws, rice husks, etc. (especially coffee beans and coffee grounds) contain a predetermined metal element, phosphorus and the like in a preferable ratio, and that a carbide shows a preferable X-ray powder diffraction pattern. It has been pointed out that it is promising as a carbonization raw material for obtaining a negative electrode material for a battery.

[0008]

However, in Japanese Patent Application No. 6-313965, only the fact that raw coal is effective as activated carbon has been pointed out.

On the other hand, in Japanese Patent Application No. 8-526767, when coffee grounds or the like is pre-carbonized at a temperature of about 500 ° C. and calcined at a temperature exceeding 1000 ° C.,
It is stated that a preferable carbonaceous material can be obtained. Thus, in carbonizing a vegetable organic material such as coffee grounds containing various foreign substances as a natural organic material in order to obtain a negative electrode material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, the so-called main firing is performed. It is necessary and beneficial to carry out preliminary carbonization as a pretreatment and to perform a treatment for removing moisture and foreign matter.

However, in Japanese Patent Application No. 8-526767,
As a pre-carbonization process for this purpose, an external heat carbonization method of supplying heat from the outside in a vacuum or an inert gas atmosphere is actually employed. For reasons such as maintenance of the atmosphere and supply of a large amount of heat, an expensive device is generally required to have a complicated structure.

On the other hand, if such pre-carbonization is performed by a self-combustion type pre-carbonization method in which the organic material is partially burned by an appropriate amount of external heat and oxygen and then pre-carbonized by the combustion heat,
Preliminary carbonization can be performed at low cost with a very simple device. However, in this case, the natural organic material such as coffee grounds contains abundant oil and fibrous polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin), and these oxidative decomposition reactions occur rapidly and randomly during pre-carbonization, It has been found that the temperature of the precarbonization cannot be controlled within the required constant temperature range. Therefore, for example, a sponge-like activated carbon having a preliminary carbonization temperature exceeding 600 ° C. (which is not suitable as a carbonaceous negative electrode material capable of doping / dedoping lithium ions due to its large pore diameter) is generated. In addition, there is a problem that the process control such as the temperature of the pre-carbonization and the carbonization time becomes substantially impossible.

[0012]

[Focusing point] The inventor of the present invention has disclosed that the high temperature fermentation drying of coffee grounds under aerobic conditions disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 6-313965 filed by the present applicant satisfactorily eliminates moisture in the drying process. It has been clarified that a raw material capable of performing the preliminary carbonization satisfactorily can be provided because, of course, the fermentation decomposition of the oil component and the fermentation with low molecular weight of the fiber and the like are involved.

The inventor of the present application has further elucidated how much fermentation drying can be performed to obtain a good raw material for preliminary carbonization.

When plant organic matter such as coffee grounds is fermented under certain aerobic conditions, a flora of a preferable group of high-temperature oxidatively fermenting bacteria may be formed. It is important to sequentially inoculate the plant organic matter to be subjected to fermentation and drying after the next time, but as the inoculation continues, the high-temperature fermentation bacteria gradually lose their activity and the fermentation capacity decreases. Although there was a problem to say, effective measures were clarified also in this regard.

Therefore, the present invention has been made based on the above-mentioned points of elucidation,
At a cheaper, simpler and practical level, plant organic matter such as coffee grounds can be used as an excellent fermented and dried raw material for carbonaceous materials, and furthermore, can be made excellent carbonaceous materials through good preliminary carbonization and firing. Providing technology is an issue to be solved.

[0016]

Means for Solving the Problems (Structure of the First Invention) The structure of the first invention of the present application (the invention of claim 1) for solving the above-mentioned problems is to remove powdery or crushed plant organic matter. Oxidative fermentation by a group of aerobic high temperature fermentation bacteria, drying of vegetable organic matter by the fermentation heat of the oxidative fermentation, fermentation decomposition of oil in the vegetable organic matter and fermentation to lower molecular weight of fiber, etc. This is a method of fermenting and drying a plant organic material by obtaining a fermented and dried material by performing a pre-carbonization / firing treatment to a degree suitable for the preliminary organic material.

(Structure of the Second Invention) The structure of the second invention of the present application (the invention according to claim 2) for solving the above problems is as follows.
A method for fermenting and drying vegetable organic matter, wherein the oxidative fermentation according to the first aspect of the invention reduces the water content of the vegetable organic matter to 40% by weight or less and / or reduces the oil content thereof to 20% by weight or less.

(Structure of Third Invention) The structure of the third invention (the invention described in claim 3) for solving the above problems is as follows.
A method for fermenting and drying a vegetable organic substance, wherein the vegetable organic substance according to the first or second invention is coffee grounds.

(Structure of the Fourth Invention) The structure of the fourth invention of the present application (the invention according to claim 4) for solving the above problems is as follows.
The high-temperature fermentation bacteria group according to the first to third inventions is selected from the aerobic fermentation bacteria group of vegetative organic substances undergoing oxidative fermentation under aerobic natural conditions through high-temperature sterilization, and should be newly fermented and dried. This is a method of fermenting and drying plant organic matter, which is inoculated to plant organic matter.

(Structure of Fifth Invention) The structure of the fifth invention (the invention described in claim 5) for solving the above problems is as follows.
The group of high-temperature fermenting bacteria according to the first to fourth inventions exposes the plant organic matter undergoing oxidative fermentation under aerobic natural conditions to a high-temperature condition of a surface temperature of 300 to 450 ° C or a center temperature of 150 to 200 ° C. And a method for fermenting and drying plant organic matter, which is selected by regenerating and proliferating living bacteria after cooling.

(Structure of the Sixth Invention) The structure of the sixth invention of the present application (the invention according to claim 6) for solving the above problems is as follows.
A fermented dried material obtained by fermenting and drying a powdery or crushed plant organic matter by the fermentation drying method according to any of the first to fifth inventions.

(Structure of the Seventh Invention) The structure of the seventh invention (the invention according to claim 7) for solving the above problems is as follows.
Under anaerobic natural conditions, plant organic matter undergoing oxidative fermentation is subjected to a surface temperature of 300 to 450 ° C or a central temperature of 150 to 20
Exposure to a high-temperature condition of 0 ° C., obtained by regenerating and proliferating living bacteria after the temperature has fallen, and inoculating plant organic matter subjected to the fermentation drying method according to any one of claims 1 to 5. It is a group of high temperature fermentation bacteria.

(Structure of Eighth Invention) The structure of the eighth invention of the present application (the invention according to claim 8) for solving the above problems is as follows.
The high-temperature fermentation bacteria group according to the seventh invention is inoculated into plant organic matter while being contained as a seed in the fermented dried material, or is contained in wood vinegar recovered from the fermented dried material during the pre-carbonization treatment. It is a group of high-temperature fermenting bacteria that are inoculated to plant organic matter in a state.

(Configuration of Ninth Invention) The configuration of the ninth invention (the invention described in claim 9) for solving the above problems is as follows.
This is a fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization / firing method for plant organic matter, in which after obtaining the fermentation drying material according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the carbonized material is obtained by preliminarily carbonizing to obtain a carbonized material and then firing.

(Structure of the Tenth Invention) According to a tenth invention (an invention according to a tenth invention) for solving the above-mentioned problems, the carbonaceous material in the ninth invention comprises a lithium composite oxide. A plant used as a carbonaceous negative electrode material in a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery including a positive electrode and a negative electrode made of a carbonaceous negative electrode material capable of doping / dedoping lithium ions as a negative electrode active material. It is a method of fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization / firing of toxic organic matter.

(Structure of the eleventh invention) The structure of the eleventh invention (the invention described in the eleventh invention) for solving the above-mentioned problems is as follows. Is carried out by a self-combustion pre-carbonization method of pre-carbonizing the fermentation dried material by the combustion heat while partially burning by a suitable external heat and oxygen supply, and the pre-carbonization temperature is in the range of 400 to 600 ° C. The method is a fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization / firing method for vegetable organic matter, which is controlled to a predetermined temperature.

(Structure of the twelfth invention) The structure of the twelfth invention (the invention according to the twelfth invention) for solving the above-mentioned problem is the fermentation of plant organic matter, comprising the following elements 1) to 3). Drying / preliminary carbonization equipment. 1) At least a part of the wall is constituted by a mesh plate that does not allow the passage of powdery or granular plant organic matter, and a plurality of ventilation gutters forming a downward groove structure are provided between at least a part of the opposing side walls. An installed fermentation drying / carbonization tank. 2) A heating furnace having a structure in which the fermentation drying / carbonization tank is fixed inside or the fermentation drying / carbonization tank is carried in / out, and the inside of the fermentation drying / carbonization tank is heated by flowing hot gas. Hot air circulation type heating furnace. 3) A wood vinegar collecting device is provided on the exhaust side of the hot air flow passage in the heating furnace to cool the flue gas stream and collect wood vinegar.

(Structure of the thirteenth invention) The structure of the thirteenth invention (the invention according to the thirteenth invention) for solving the above-mentioned problems is as follows: 4) or 5), a fermentation drying tank; The plant organic matter is provided with a carbonization furnace and a baking furnace of 7) as elements, and the material to be treated can be sequentially and continuously transferred between the elements by a transfer means interposed between these elements. Fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization / firing equipment.

4) At least a portion of the wall portion is formed of a mesh plate that does not allow the material to pass through or fall off, and a plurality of ventilation gutters forming a downward groove structure are provided between at least some of the opposing side walls. A fermentation drying tank that is erected and has a discharge port for the material to be treated at the lower end.

5) A cylindrical drum body having a double-walled structure of a perforated plate on the inner wall and a non-perforated plate on the outer wall is installed laterally, rotatably supported by a driving roller, and one end of the drum body in the axial direction. A rotary kiln-type fermentation drying tank having a feeder for the material to be treated and a discharge port for the material to be opened at the other end.

6) A heater is built in the lower half of the tubular main body of the preliminary carbonization furnace, which has an inlet for the material to be processed at the upper part and an outlet for the material to be processed at the lower part. A preliminary carbonization furnace provided with a number of air supply ports on a peripheral wall of the apparatus and a wood vinegar recovery device provided at an upper portion of the main body for cooling a flue gas stream and collecting wood vinegar.

7) A cylindrical body of a baking furnace having a heat-resistant structure wall in which a supply pipe for an inert gas is incorporated at a lower portion and an inlet for a material to be treated provided at an upper portion thereof. A lower tubular electrode which also serves as a discharge port of the material to be processed is formed at an axis portion, and an upper electrode is formed at an upper axis portion of the tubular main body so as to face the lower tubular electrode. A vertical electric heating furnace type firing furnace that heats and heats the pre-carbonized material by direct energization.

[0033]

[Actions and effects of the present invention] (Actions and effects of the first invention) When the powdery or crushed plant organic matter is fermented and dried by a group of aerobic high-temperature fermenting bacteria, the plant organic matter is dried well by the heat of fermentation. Not only occurs, but also the fermentation decomposition of the oil component in the plant organic matter and the fermentation of the plant macromolecular substance such as fiber to a low molecular weight occur simultaneously.

The inventor of the present application has required that the plant organic matter be well dried in order to carry out a good preliminary carbonization treatment to obtain an excellent carbonaceous material.
It has been found that it is very important that the oil content in the plant organic matter has been reduced in advance and that high molecular substances such as fibers and starch have been reduced in molecular weight in advance.

Therefore, as in the first invention, an excellent raw material for preliminary carbonization can be obtained by fermenting and drying a plant organic substance with a group of aerobic high-temperature fermenting bacteria.

In the oxidative fermentation by a group of aerobic high-temperature fermenting bacteria to obtain a fermented and dried material, drying of plant organic matter, fermentation decomposition of oil in the plant organic matter, and fermentation to lower molecular weight of fiber and the like are carried out in plants. High-quality fermented and dried material can be reliably obtained by performing fermentation and drying to the extent suitable for the preliminary carbonization / firing treatment of the organic matter, that is, by performing the drying, decomposition, and low molecular weight as indexes. Becomes possible.

In addition, the method for fermenting and drying plant organic matter according to the first aspect of the present invention can provide an expensive dry material for a carbonaceous material that can be used as a negative electrode material for a battery, as compared with the above-mentioned conventional composting method. There is such an advantage, there is no generation of offensive odor due to aerobic oxidative fermentation, it does not derive the problem of waste liquid treatment as compared with the conventional dehydration method, and the energy cost is lower than that of the thermal drying method. In addition, there is an advantage that a dry raw material for a high-quality carbonaceous material can be obtained as described above.

(Function / Effect of the Second Invention) In the first invention, drying of the vegetable organic matter, fermentation decomposition of oil in the vegetable organic matter, and fermentation to lower molecular weight of fiber and the like are carried out by preliminary carbonization of the vegetable organic matter. In performing the treatment to a degree suitable for the baking treatment, the specific degree depends on the type of the vegetable organic matter and the use of the resulting carbonaceous material and cannot be uniformly limited, but generally, As in the second invention, as a specific index, the water content of the vegetable organic substance is set to 40% by weight or less and / or the oil content thereof is set to 20% by weight or less. By setting the amount to be not more than 10% by weight and / or the amount of the oil content being not more than 10% by weight, it is possible to obtain a high-quality fermented dried material.

Usually, the molecular weight reduction of fermentation of fibers and the like occurs in parallel with the fermentation decomposition of oil, so that the oil content in the plant organic matter is reduced to 20% by weight or less, particularly preferably 10% by weight or less. At this time, the fermentation and molecular weight reduction of fibers and the like have also progressed to an extent suitable for the preliminary carbonization / firing treatment.

(Function / Effect of Third Invention) In the third invention, since the vegetable organic matter is coffee grounds containing a large amount of oil, the technical significance of fermenting and decomposing the oil by an aerobic fermentation drying process is particularly important. large.

Coffee grounds can be a particularly excellent raw material for carbonaceous materials for the following reasons. That is, it contains a large amount of metal elements such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, and silica, phosphorus and sulfur in a well-balanced manner, and these lower the crystallinity of the carbonaceous material layered matrix during carbonization. When considered as a negative electrode material for a secondary battery, it is possible to provide a carbonaceous material having a high charge / discharge capacity by enriching lithium ion doping sites other than between layers of the graphite layered structure.

(Function / Effect of the Fourth Invention) In the fourth invention, a group of high-temperature fermenting bacteria that aerobic fermentation of a plant organic substance is carried out by aerobic fermentation of a plant organic substance during oxidative fermentation under aerobic natural conditions. Aerobic fermentation that is selected from the bacterial group through high-temperature sterilization and inoculated to plant organic matter to be newly fermented and dried, and usually reaches an ambient temperature of about 80 ° C or more due to its fermentation heat Can be reliably realized.

When fermentation drying is performed using such a high temperature of fermentation heat, drying of the plant organic matter by the heat of fermentation, fermentation decomposition of oil in the plant organic matter, and fermentation to reduce the molecular weight of fibers, etc., are very rapid. In addition to good workability, not only the workability is improved, but also the fermentation dried material becomes remarkably good.

It should be noted that even when the plant organic matter is fermented under certain aerobic and natural conditions, a flora of such a preferable group of high-temperature oxidatively fermenting bacteria may be formed. Is often unsuccessful, and furthermore, when a flora of a preferred high-temperature oxidative fermentation bacteria group is obtained, it may be used as a seed fungus to inoculate the plant organic matter according to the subsequent fermentation drying, but the inoculation is continued. Of these, the high-temperature fermentation bacteria gradually lose their activity, and the fermentation ability often decreases.

In the case of the fourth invention, since an excellent group of high-temperature fermentation bacteria artificially selected from the group of aerobic fermentation bacteria through high-temperature sterilization treatment is inoculated, preferable high-temperature fermentation and drying can be performed without fail. Fermented dried material can be obtained.

(Function / Effect of Fifth Invention) In the fifth invention, the group of high-temperature fermenting bacteria according to the fourth invention reduces the plant organic matter undergoing oxidative fermentation under aerobic natural conditions to a surface temperature of 3%.
Exposure to a high temperature condition of 00 to 450 ° C. or 150 to 200 ° C. and a selection by regenerating and proliferating surviving bacteria after the temperature has fallen. Can be.

(Function / Effect of the Sixth Invention) The fermentation drying material according to the sixth invention is a fermentation drying treatment of powdery or crushed plant organic matter by the fermentation drying method according to the first to fifth inventions. Therefore, drying to a degree suitable for preliminary carbonization / firing treatment of vegetable organic matter, fermentation decomposition of oil components, and fermentation to lower molecular weight of fiber, etc. are performed. By performing the treatment, for example, a high-quality carbonaceous material suitable for a negative electrode material of a lithium ion secondary battery and other uses can be obtained.

(Effects and Effects of the Seventh Invention) According to the seventh invention, for example, coffee beans, coffee grounds, tea leaves, corn and various cereals or their husks, potatoes and fruits, their pomace or cooked lees, rice The present invention provides a group of high-temperature fermentation bacteria that are optimal for aerobic fermentation and drying of various plant organic substances such as various straws such as straw and wheat straw.

(Function / Effect of the Eighth Invention) In the eighth invention, the high-temperature fermentation bacteria according to the seventh invention are inoculated to a plant organic matter while being contained as a seed in a fermentation dried material, or It is provided in an embodiment that is practically advantageous in that it is inoculated to vegetable organic matter while being contained in wood vinegar recovered from the fermentation dried material undergoing preliminary carbonization.

(Function / Effect of the Ninth Invention) According to the ninth invention, after the fermented dried material according to the sixth invention is obtained, the carbonized material is further preliminarily carbonized to obtain a preliminarily carbonized material and then calcined. Consistent fermentation drying / pre-carbonization / from the drying of raw materials to the final acquisition of carbonaceous material
A firing method is provided.

(Effect of the Tenth Invention) In the tenth invention, the carbonaceous material obtained in the ninth invention is doped / de-doped with a positive electrode made of a lithium composite oxide and lithium ions as a negative electrode active material. An excellent embodiment is provided, which is used as a carbonaceous negative electrode material in a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having a negative electrode made of a carbonaceous negative electrode material that can be doped.

In particular, when the vegetable organic matter as a raw material is coffee grounds or coffee beans, as described above, they contain a predetermined metal element and phosphorus and sulfur in a well-balanced manner, so that the lithium ion doping sites are enriched. Thus, a carbonaceous material having a high charge / discharge capacity can be provided.

(Function / Effect of the Eleventh Invention) As in the eleventh invention, when a good-quality carbonaceous material is produced by preliminary carbonization / firing of a fermentation dried material, the self-combustion type preliminary carbonization method is adopted. The equipment for the pre-carbonization process is greatly simplified, and the cost can be significantly reduced.

Further, since the fermentation dried material treated by the fermentation drying method of the first to fifth inventions is used as a raw material for precarbonization, the precarbonization temperature is within a predetermined temperature range of 400 to 600 ° C. For example, if the pre-carbonization temperature exceeds 600 ° C., an unsuitable pre-carbonization material is generated as a carbonaceous negative electrode material such as sponge-like activated carbon, or the pre-carbonization temperature, carbonization time, etc. There is no problem that management becomes practically impossible.

(Function and Effect of Twelfth Invention) According to the twelfth invention, an advantageous fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization apparatus for performing fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization (self-combustion type preliminary carbonization) of vegetable organic matter is provided.

That is, first, the fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization tank which constitutes a part of this apparatus is constituted by a mesh plate having such a size that at least a part of the wall does not allow the passage of powdery or granular plant organic matter. Further, a plurality of ventilation gutters forming a downward groove structure are provided between opposing side walls of a part of the fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization tank.

Therefore, air supply into the tank during fermentation drying is good, and when a granular or crushed plant organic material is introduced into the tank, a certain tunnel-like structure is automatically provided below the ventilation gutter. Since the space is secured, fermentation gas such as carbon dioxide which suppresses the propagation of fermentation bacteria is automatically and satisfactorily discharged from the tunnel-like space outside the tank. For this reason, the plant organic matter in the fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization tank is always kept under aerobic oxidative fermentation conditions.

When the ventilation gutter is formed by using a perforated plate such as a punching metal, or when both ends of the ventilation gutter are open to the outside of the side wall of the fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization tank, the above-mentioned ventilation gutter is used. The operation and effect are more remarkably secured.

Second, the fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization tank is fixed inside a heating furnace for preliminary carbonization treatment, or has a structure that can be carried in / out (by a guide rail or the like) inside the heating furnace. . Therefore, the fermentation drying treatment and the preliminary carbonization treatment can be rapidly performed as a series of processes.

As the above-described loading / unloading structure, the fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization tank may be reciprocated in a shuttle manner with respect to the heating furnace, and may be loaded / unloaded. It is also possible to adopt a tunnel kiln-type continuous carbonization treatment system in which a large number of fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization tanks are successively passed.

Third, since the heating furnace is of a hot air flow type in which the inside of the fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization tank is heated by the flow of hot gas, the temperature can be quickly raised during the preliminary carbonization treatment without a time lag. The planned preliminary carbonization temperature is easily secured.

Moreover, part of the high-temperature fermentation bacteria is scattered in the flue gas by the circulation of hot air, and is contained in the collected wood vinegar described later. Therefore, this wood vinegar can be used and sold for various purposes as wood vinegar. In addition, when fermenting and drying new plant organic matter, a small amount of the above wood vinegar is sprinkled onto the wood vinegar to provide excellent high temperature fermentation bacteria. Inoculation can be performed.

Fourthly, since a wood vinegar collecting device is provided on the exhaust side of the hot air flow passage in the heating furnace to cool the flue gas and collect the wood vinegar, it is possible to avoid the pollution problem caused by the dripping of the flue gas. In addition, the recovered wood vinegar can be used for various purposes, sold, and the like. Further, as described above, wood vinegar can be used as a means for inoculating high temperature fermentation bacteria.

According to the thirteenth aspect, an advantageous fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization / firing apparatus for performing fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization (self-burning type preliminary carbonization) / firing of vegetable organic matter is provided. Provided. In this apparatus, each of the elements 4) to 7) is configured to be capable of continuously processing the material to be processed, and the material to be processed is sequentially and continuously interposed between the elements by a transfer means interposed between these elements. Since the delivery is possible, continuous operation is possible as a whole device.

In the fermentation drying tank of the above 4), the same action and effect as in the fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization tank according to the twelfth invention can be obtained, and in addition, the plant By continuously performing the supply of the organic matter and the discharge of the fermentation dried material from the discharge port at a constant quantitative ratio, continuous processing becomes possible, and the fermentation drying period can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the quantitative ratio.

In the fermentation drying tank of the above 5), the inside of the cylindrical drum body containing the vegetable organic matter is sufficiently stirred and air-dried by the driving rotation of the drum body while ensuring the air permeability by the inner wall of the perforated plate. Since it is brought into contact, more favorable and rapid fermentation drying can be performed.

In the preliminary carbonizing furnace 6), while the material to be treated is charged from the upper portion, the temperature can be continuously increased by the heater and the oxygen can be supplied from the air supply port from the lower portion. Preliminary carbonization can be performed. In addition, the wood vinegar is collected during the pre-carbonization to avoid the pollution problem caused by the drainage of the smoke exhaust, and the collected wood vinegar is used for various uses and sold. It can be an inoculation means.

In the firing furnace of the above 7), the preliminary carbonized material as the material to be processed is heated and fired by direct energization between the upper electrode and the lower tubular electrode, so that the preliminary carbonized material particles can be rapidly and uniformly heated at a high temperature. This can be realized with good thermal efficiency, and an excellent carbonaceous material can be obtained.

Further, since the main body is a vertical type, the material to be treated in the upper part of the main body is sufficiently dehumidified by the inert gas which is fed into the main body at the lower part of the main body and is heated. Since it is heated and cooled immediately, sponge formation and oxidation are unlikely to occur. In addition, since the lower tubular electrode also serves as a discharge port for the material to be processed, efficient continuous processing can be performed.

[0070]

Next, embodiments of the first invention to the thirteenth invention will be described. In the following, the term “the present invention” simply refers to the first invention to the thirteenth invention collectively.

[Vegetable Organic Matter] In the present invention, the type of vegetable organic matter is not limited, but typical examples thereof include coffee beans, coffee grounds, tea leaves, corn and various cereals or their husks, potatoes and fruits. And various types of straw such as rice cake and wheat straw.

Among these, various kinds of waste vegetable organic substances, for example, coffee grains, tea leaves, rice husks of corn and various cereals, pomace and fruits, pomace or cooked lees, rice straw and wheat straw, etc. When such materials are used, useful carbonaceous materials are regenerated from organic wastes, which also has value as a recycling technology.

When the plant organic matter is subjected to fermentation drying, it is preferable to use a powdery or crushed one in order to increase the efficiency of fermentation drying. Therefore, the above-mentioned coffee grains, tea leaves, rice husks of various grains and the like can be directly subjected to fermentation and drying, but coffee beans, corn and various grains, potatoes and fruits, or their pomace or cooking lees, rice straw and wheat For relatively coarse plant organic matter such as various straws such as straw, it can be subjected to fermentation drying after grinding,
More preferred.

Among the above-mentioned various plant organic substances, particularly preferred is coffee grounds or coffee beans.
These are metal elements such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum and silica, and phosphorus,
A particularly excellent carbonaceous material can be provided by containing a large amount of sulfur in a well-balanced manner and performing good fermentation drying and carbonization.

[Fermentation Drying and Its Degree] The water content of plant organic matter when subjected to fermentation drying is generally quite high (for example, about 90% in the case of coffee grounds), but it is subjected to a dehydration treatment or the like in advance. There is no need to use it as it is, and it is sufficient if it is used as it is and dried sufficiently during the fermentation drying process. Preliminary drying or preliminary fermentation drying may be performed in advance.

The fermentation drying is carried out by oxidative fermentation under aerobic conditions. For this purpose, it is preferable to perform fermentation in a state where gas exchange is possible such as supply of oxygen and discharge of a fermentation gas such as carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere. At the same time, by fermentation heat,
Alternatively, the exhaust gas in the pre-carbonization step (after collecting the waste smoke components such as wood vinegar) and the fresh hot air that has been heat-exchanged with the exhaust gas are partially introduced by pipe piping, for example, to 8
Realizing an atmosphere at a relatively high temperature of about 0 ° C. is also preferable in terms of promoting drying and decomposition of oil and the like. Therefore, forced aeration to cool the fermentation atmosphere is not preferable.

In the oxidative fermentation, drying of vegetable organic matter by fermentation heat, fermentation decomposition of oil in the vegetable organic matter, and fermentation to lower molecular weight of fibrous material are suitable for preliminary carbonization / firing treatment of vegetable organic matter. To the extent that
It is preferable to shift to the firing step. In such a process control, the water content of the vegetable organic substance was reduced to 40 (particularly, 20) wt% or less, or the oil content was reduced to 20 (particularly, 1).
0) The weight percent or less, or both of these conditions are satisfied, etc. can be used as a guide. In particular, these measures are effective for coffee grounds or coffee beans. The actual number of days for drying the fermentation is suitably about 2 to 30 days.

[High temperature fermenting bacteria group, selection and inoculation thereof] Fermenting bacteria involved in oxidative fermentation can be obtained from a fermenting bacteria group that survives in nature, and more preferably, oxidized from the fermenting bacteria group through high-temperature sterilization. High temperature fermentation bacteria having a high fermentation activity can be selected.

That is, by initially fermenting and drying the plant organic matter by natural fermentation under aerobic conditions, the plant organic matter is fermented and dried, and the aerobic fermentation bacteria are propagated in the fermented and dried material.

In the fermented and dried material, particularly preferable high-temperature fermentation (for example, a fermentation heat having reached an atmospheric temperature of 80 ° C. or more is used as a guide) to a fermentation residue (fermentation A portion of the dried material is sampled and subjected to a non-combustion condition at a surface temperature of 300 to 450 °.
A heat treatment is performed by exposing to C or a high temperature condition of about 150 to 200 ° C. for a certain time (for example, about 30 minutes to several hours) to kill microorganisms other than heat-resistant high-temperature fermenters. In addition, it is more preferable to perform the temperature management in the above heat-resistant treatment at the center temperature than at the surface temperature.

When the temperature of the fermentation residue sample after the heat treatment is lowered and live bacteria are regenerated and propagated, a group of high temperature fermentation bacteria having high oxidative fermentation activity is selected in the fermentation residue sample in a pure culture state. This fermentation residue sample (preferably collecting the sample at the center of the sample, avoiding the surface as much as possible) can be used as an inoculum to inoculate plant organic matter in the next and subsequent times.

Further, instead of the method of collecting the fermentation dried residue and separately performing heat treatment as described above, the material to be treated at the time when the central temperature reaches about 180 ° C. during the pre-carbonization treatment described below. Can be used as inoculum for plant organic matter (sprinkle on vegetable organic matter) from the next time onwards. The high-temperature fermenting bacteria group survive inoculation (inoculation in which a part of the fermentation dried material, that is, a part of the fermentation drying residue is collected and newly mixed with the plant organic matter to be subjected to fermentation drying) in several times of fermentation drying. Although the high-temperature fermentation activity is maintained, the activity gradually decreases thereafter. At that time, a group of high-temperature fermentation bacteria may be newly selected by heat-treating a part of the dried fermentation residue as described above.

The selected group of high-temperature fermenting bacteria exhibits a wide range of decomposition activities for organic substances in general, such as decomposition of oil, starch or protein, and collapse of plant cell walls due to depolymerization of fibrous materials. Considered as a collection of fungi,
It is difficult to identify only one or a small number of fermenting bacteria.

On the other hand, the replenishment inoculation does not necessarily have to be based on a form in which a part of the fermentation dried residue is newly mixed with the plant organic matter to be newly subjected to fermentation drying.
By cooling and collecting the high-temperature fermentation bacteria scattered in the flue gas during the pre-carbonization treatment of the fermented dried material as wood vinegar, this wood vinegar is sprinkled or mixed with the plant organic matter to be newly subjected to fermentation drying. Is also good.

[Fermentation Drying Material] A fermentation drying material can be obtained by treating a plant organic matter by the fermentation drying method of the first to fifth inventions. The fermented dried material may be sold and used as, for example, a high-quality dried fertilizer or a dried fuel obtained by preliminarily decomposing organic substances. The most preferable use is as a raw material for producing a carbonaceous material. It is to be subjected to a baking treatment.

This fermented dried material has a high degree of drying, and is well fermented and decomposed in oil and fermentation and depolymerization of fibers and the like (cellulose, starch, protein, etc. constituting plant organic matter) are performed well. As described above, it is possible to extremely easily and accurately manage a heating and heating pattern required for preliminary carbonization, and as a result, it is possible to provide an excellent carbonaceous material.

When the vegetable organic substance is coffee grounds or coffee beans, it is possible to provide a carbonaceous material which is excellent in composition (high charge / discharge capacity) as described above. .

[Preliminary carbonization / firing of the fermented dried material] The preliminary carbonization of the fermented dried material is performed by the so-called self-combustion method in the present invention. Therefore, the pre-carbonization furnace requires constant heating means for partial combustion and oxygen (air) supply. The pre-carbonization temperature is 400 ° considering its efficiency.
It is preferable to carry out at C or higher. Pre-carbonization temperature is 600 °
If it exceeds C, sponge-like activated carbon is likely to be produced, and the desired carbonaceous material will not be obtained. The most preferred pre-carbonization temperature is 5
It is about 00 ° C. The pre-carbonization time is not limited to a uniform value. For example, in the continuous pre-carbonization, it can be usually performed within 1 hour (may be completed within several minutes), and in the batch-type pre-carbonization, it is 1 hour. This can be performed as described above (in the case of a long time, it may take up to about four days).

The firing is performed with an inert gas (for example, nitrogen gas).
Under an atmosphere, a temperature of 1000 ° C. or more (for example, 120 ° C.)
(About 0 ° C.). Although the mechanism of the firing device is not limited, a method in which the pre-carbonized material is heated and carbonized by applying a current directly to the pre-carbonized material is particularly preferable. The firing time is not limited to a uniform value. For example, continuous firing can be usually performed within 2 hours (may be completed within a few minutes), and batch firing can be performed for 1 hour or more (in case of long time). Can be as long as 24 hours).

[Fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization apparatus]
Although an embodiment of the fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization apparatus according to the second invention is shown, it goes without saying that the fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization apparatus according to the twelfth invention is not limited to this embodiment.

FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a mixed pre-fermenter 1 for inoculating a plant organic matter with a group of high-temperature fermenting bacteria selected by the above-mentioned predetermined process and performing a slight pre-fermentation. A group of high-temperature fermentation bacteria is put into the powdery and granular vegetable organic matter 2 stored in the box-shaped mixed preliminary fermentation tank 1 (in the figure, denoted as “bacteria input”), and an impeller-type stirrer 3 is used. To mix and stir.

The stirrer 3 is movable by being guided by a guide rail 4 provided in the mixed pre-fermentation tank 1. By stirring while moving, the plant organic matter 2 in the mixed pre-fermentation tank 1 is uniformly heated to a high temperature. Mix with fermentation bacteria.

At this time, a certain degree of fermentation drying has already started, and the evaporation of water due to the fermentation heat also starts. In order to promote preliminary fermentation drying and further promote water evaporation, a pipe 5 for passing hot air utilizing exhaust heat of a preliminary carbonization tank described later is passed through the bottom wall of the mixed preliminary fermentation tank 1, Thereby, the vegetable organic matter 2 is heated.

FIG. 2 shows a front view in a partially cut-out state, and FIG. 3 shows a side view in a partially cut-out state. / Transferred to preliminary carbonization tank 6. The fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization tank 6 has a side wall formed by a wire mesh 8 (a mesh that does not allow the passage of the powdery plant organic matter 2) supported by a frame 7 erected at a corner, and A plurality of ventilation gutters 9 (the perspective view of which is shown in FIG. 4) constituting a downward groove structure supported by a horizontal frame (not shown) are provided between the pair of opposed side walls. The ventilation gutter 9 is made of punched metal provided with a large number of holes 10.

From the above configuration, the fermentation drying / fermentation drying /
Since the air supply into the preliminary carbonization tank 6 is good and a certain tunnel-like space 11 is automatically secured below the ventilation gutter 9 when the vegetable organic matter 2 is charged, the fermentation gas such as carbon dioxide Is automatically and satisfactorily discharged out of the tank from the space 11, so that the plant organic matter 2 in the fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization tank 6 is always maintained under aerobic oxidative fermentation conditions.

The fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization tank 6 is originally fixed inside the heat-insulating heating furnace main body 13 of the fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization apparatus 12 shown in FIG. It is carried in by rails and the like.

When the fermentation and drying of the plant organic matter 2 is completed to an effective extent, the air heated by the burner 14 is fed into the heating furnace main body 13 to enter the fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization tank 6. Self-combustion type preliminary carbonization is performed by being introduced from below. During the set pre-carbonization time, the plant organic matter 2 is accurately maintained at a predetermined temperature in the range of 400 to 600 ° C., for example, 500 ° C., and the plant organic matter 2 which has undergone the fermentation drying of the present invention. , Such temperature control is possible.

During this process, the supplied heated air is:
High temperature fermentation bacteria scattered by the flue gas and the air flow are passed upward through the fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization device 12 and the return pipe 15
, It is first guided to a wood vinegar extraction device 16 equipped with cooling means. Then, based on the extraction of the flue gas condensed as wood vinegar and the high-temperature fermentation bacteria trapped in the wood vinegar, the cyclone 17 provided on the air supply path from the burner 14 further removes dust and heats freshly. After being subjected to the mixing process with air, a part is exhausted from the exhaust pipe 18 as necessary, and the other is again heated as described above.
It is sent inside.

When a closed air recirculation system that does not exhaust recirculated air is formed, when dust removal / deodorization of exhaust gas does not pose a problem, when dust exhaust / deodorization means is separately provided, etc. In the above-described apparatus configuration, the cyclone 17 and the exhaust pipe 18 can be omitted.

[Fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization / firing apparatus] An embodiment of the fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization / firing apparatus according to the thirteenth invention will be described below. Is of course not limited to the embodiment.

FIG. 6 shows a fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization / firing apparatus 19.
The whole system is conceptualized and shown, in which the selected high-temperature fermentation bacteria group is inoculated into the plant organic matter 2 and a mixed pre-fermentation tank 20 for performing some preliminary fermentation, and a fermentation drying tank 21 , A preliminary carbonizing furnace 22 and a firing furnace 23.

Each of these elements has an upper inlet 27 to 30 into which a material to be treated (vegetable organic matter 2, fermented and dried material 24, preliminary carbonized material 25, carbonaceous material 26) is charged.
And lower discharge ports 31 to 34 for taking out the material to be processed, and the system is connected between them by means of material transfer means 35 to 38 such as a belt conveyor.

The mixed preliminary fermentation tank 20 is formed in a vertical cylindrical shape and has the same function as that of the mixed preliminary fermentation tank 1 except that a lower discharge port 31 has a drive for discharging the material to be treated. A roller-type discharge shutter 39 is provided. Further, a mixing and stirring means (not shown) such as a stirring blade may be provided inside.

As shown in FIG. 7, the fermentation drying tank 21 has the same configuration as the fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization tank 6 shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, but is itself a fixed standing type. The lower discharge port 32 has a bottom wall formed in a funnel shape and has a drive roller type discharge shutter 4.
1 is formed.

As a modification of the fermentation drying tank 21, FIG.
A rotary kiln type fermentation drying tank 42 as shown in (a) and (b) may be provided.

The fermentation drying tank 42 has a cylindrical inner wall 43 made of a perforated plate provided with holes having a diameter that does not allow the passage of processing materials such as punching metal, and a cylindrical outer wall 44 made of a non-perforated plate on the outer periphery thereof. A cylindrical drum body having a double-walled structure joined at regular intervals by support members 45,
A cylindrical feeder 46 for feeding a material to be processed is loosely fitted through a through hole provided at the center of one axial end wall of the drum body.

A spiral blade (not shown) is provided in the feeder 46, and the vegetable organic substance 2 is sequentially charged into the cylindrical drum body by the action. At the same time, hot air obtained in the flue gas cooling section of the preliminary carbonization furnace 22 described later may be introduced into the feeder 46.

The cylindrical drum main body is placed on a plurality of support rollers 47 without restriction, and the drum main body is constantly rotated by driving and rotating a part of the support rollers 47 by a motor. The other end of the drum body in the axial direction is opened as a discharge port 48. Therefore, the vegetable organic matter 2 introduced into the drum main body is secured by the porous cylindrical inner wall 43 and the discharge port 48, while ensuring air permeability for supplying oxygen, discharging fermentation gas and evaporated water, and the like. Very good inversion mixing. The fermented and dried material after the fermentation and drying is discharged from the discharge port 48 onto the conveying means 36.

Although not shown in detail, the preliminary carbonization furnace 22 is formed in a vertical cylindrical shape as shown in FIG. 6, and has a heater 49 built in the lower half thereof and a lower half of the furnace. A large number of air supply ports 50 are provided in the peripheral wall, so that hot air at a predetermined temperature is supplied to the lower inside of the preliminary carbonization furnace 22. Further, a pipe 51 for collecting a flue gas stream is provided at the upper part of the preliminary carbonization furnace 22, and this pipe 51 is connected to a fan-cooled wood vinegar extraction device 52, where the high temperature gas scattered by the flue gas and the air current is dispersed. The fermentation bacteria group is extracted and collected.

In the firing furnace 23, as shown in the cross section of the main part in FIG. 9, the material to be treated is discharged to the lower shaft center inside a vertical cylindrical iron furnace shell 54 lined with a heat-resistant material 53. A lower tubular electrode 56 also serving as an outlet is formed, and a high-temperature insulating material layer 57 is interposed between the lower tubular electrode 56 and the iron furnace shell 54.
A nitrogen gas supply pipe 55 is incorporated from the lower outer wall of the iron furnace shell 54, and the tip of the pipe 55 penetrates the high-temperature insulating material layer 57 to reach the inner periphery of the lower tubular electrode 56. On the other hand, an upper electrode 58 is formed in the upper axial center portion inside the iron furnace shell 54 so as to face the lower tubular electrode 56. The operation and effect of the firing furnace 23 are as described above.

[0111]

Next, a test for demonstrating the effects of the present invention, particularly a fermentation drying method and a self-combustion type pre-carbonization method, and the results thereof will be described.

Example 1 Fermentation and Drying Test of Coffee Grains
A coffee grounds sample was inoculated with the high temperature fermentation bacterium of the present invention, and fermented and dried under aerobic conditions for 30 days using a fermentation drying tank 21 shown in FIG. During that time, the average outside air temperature was 26 ° C, the average outside air humidity was 58%, and the initial temperature of the coffee grounds was 55 ° C.

During the fermentation drying period, the temperature (exothermic temperature) in the sample was measured every day, and a part of the sample was taken out to obtain solid content (expressed as a percentage of the initial solid content) and moisture content ( %), The oil content (%), and the calorific value (total calorific value when the water content is 0%: kcal / kg) were measured according to a conventional method. Table 1 shows the results.

[0114]

[Table 1] As can be seen from Table 1, the exothermic temperature was 80 ° C
After that, the temperature gradually decreased, and the solid content, the water content and the oil content continued to decrease, and the calorific value clearly decreased substantially corresponding to the exothermic temperature. That is, it is highly dried until the water content becomes 15% or less, the oil content is also decomposed to less than 10%, and the fibrous polymer (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin) as a solid content is surely fermented to low molecular weight,
It can be seen that this is linked to a reduction in the calorific value.

(Example 2: Preliminary carbonization test of coffee grounds)
The fermented dried material (sample A) fermented and dried according to Example 1 and a coffee grounds dried material for comparison (sample B) dried to a water content of less than about 15% by a normal thermal drying method were self-burning. It was subjected to a preliminary carbonization treatment.

At this time, as an example of the temperature control of the sample during the pre-carbonization process, the target was to control the temperature so as to follow the time-dependent heating pattern of the “set temperature” shown in FIG.
In the sample A, the temperature rising pattern could be almost followed, but in the sample B, the temperature randomly fluctuated so as to be uncontrollable, and the overall temperature was considerably higher than the expected temperature.

When the sample B was observed under a microscope after the completion of the preliminary carbonization treatment, a sponge-like activated carbon structure was formed.
The sponge-like structure did not collapse even after firing, and became a material having extremely low charge / discharge efficiency as a negative electrode material for a lithium ion battery. On the other hand, after completion of the preliminary carbonization,
By microscopic observation, no sponge-like activated carbon structure was observed.

Example 3 Performance Test 1 as Battery Negative Electrode Material 1) An expensive pre-carbonized material subjected to a conventional external heat pre-carbonization method under nitrogen atmosphere control. , B, each of the inexpensive pre-carbonized materials subjected to the self-combustion pre-carbonization ° C × Time firing conditions to produce a lithium ion battery negative electrode material,
The charge and discharge efficiency was measured for each. Table 2 shows the results. In Table 2, the temperature in parentheses indicates the preliminary carbonization temperature, and "15 days of bio-fermentation drying" indicates that the fermentation drying according to the present invention was performed for 15 days.

[0119]

[Table 2] As can be seen from Table 2, the expensive pre-carbonized product by the external heating type pre-carbonization method has the smallest BET specific surface area and the highest charge / discharge efficiency. In addition, the self-burning type preliminary carbonized sample B has a remarkably large BET specific surface area and remarkably low charge / discharge efficiency. And, about the self-burning type pre-carbonized product which was fermented and dried for 15 days, even if pre-carbonized at 600 ° C, it shows a fairly good charge / discharge efficiency. And charge-discharge efficiency almost equal to that of the above.

Comprehensively judging from many other test results that do not show details, the preliminary carbonized product having a BET specific surface area of 50 m ² / g or more has considerably poor battery performance and has at least about two days of fermentation drying. The BET specific surface area of the pre-carbonized product obtained by performing the self-combustion type pre-carbonization at 400 to 600 ° C. after performing the above was 40 m ² / g or less.

(Example 4: Performance test 2 as negative electrode material for battery) Regarding the self-combustion type preliminary carbonized product of Sample A in Example 3, the fermentation drying days before preliminary carbonization were 5 days and 30 days. A battery performance test was performed as described above.
Table 3 shows the results. The data for the externally heated pre-carbonized product and the self-burning pre-carbonized product with 15 days of fermentation drying are the same as in Table 2.

[0122]

[Table 3] As can be seen from Table 3, in the case of the fermentation drying days of 5 to 30 days, the battery performance is gradually improved with the extension of the days. The charge-discharge efficiency was almost the same as the product.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a mixed preliminary fermentation tank 1.

FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway front view of a fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization tank.

FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway side view of a fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization tank.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a ventilation gutter.

FIG. 5 is an overall view of a fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization apparatus.

FIG. 6 is a diagram conceptually showing an entire system of a fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization / firing apparatus.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the fermentation drying tank in a partially notched state.

FIG. 8 is a front perspective view and a right side view of a rotary kiln type fermentation drying tank.

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a main part of a firing furnace.

FIG. 10 is a graph showing a temperature change during preliminary carbonization.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Preliminary mixed fermentation tank 2 Plant organic matter 6 Fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization tank 9 Ventilation gutter 12 Fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization apparatus 16 Wood vinegar extraction apparatus 19 Fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization / firing apparatus 21 Fermentation drying tank 22 Preliminary carbonization furnace 23 Firing furnace

Claims (13)

[Claims] Claims 1. A powdery or crushed plant organic matter is oxidized and fermented by a group of aerobic high-temperature fermenting bacteria, and the plant organic matter is dried by the fermentation heat of the oxidative fermentation, and the oil content in the plant organic matter is reduced. With fermentation decomposition and fermentation low molecular weight such as fiber,
A fermentation drying method for a vegetable organic material, wherein a fermentation drying material is obtained by performing the treatment to a degree suitable for preliminary carbonization / firing of the vegetable organic material. 2. The vegetable organic matter according to claim 1, wherein the oxidative fermentation reduces the water content of the vegetable organic matter to 40% by weight or less and / or the oil content thereof to 20% by weight or less. Fermentation drying method. 3. The method for fermenting and drying vegetable organic matter according to claim 1, wherein the vegetable organic matter is coffee grounds. 4. The high-temperature fermenting bacteria group is selected from the aerobic fermenting bacteria group of the vegetative organic substances undergoing oxidative fermentation under aerobic natural conditions through a high-temperature sterilization treatment, and the plant organic substances to be newly fermented and dried. The method for fermenting and drying plant organic matter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method is inoculated. 5. The high-temperature fermenting bacteria group removes plant organic matter undergoing oxidative fermentation under aerobic natural conditions to a surface temperature of 300-4.
The method is characterized by being selected by exposing to a high temperature condition of 50 ° C. or a central temperature of 150 to 200 ° C. and regenerating and proliferating living bacteria after the temperature is lowered.
The method for fermenting and drying a plant organic matter according to any one of the above. 6. A fermented and dried material obtained by fermenting and drying a powdery or crushed plant organic matter by the fermentation and drying method according to any one of claims 1 to 5. 7. Exposure of vegetative organic matter under oxidative fermentation under aerobic natural conditions to a high temperature condition of a surface temperature of 300 to 450 ° C. or a central temperature of 150 to 200 ° C., and regenerating and propagating living bacteria after cooling. And a high-temperature fermentation bacterium, which is inoculated to the plant organic matter subjected to the fermentation drying method according to any one of claims 1 to 5. 8. The group of high-temperature fermenting bacteria is inoculated to plant organic matter while being contained as a seed in the fermented dried material, or is contained in wood vinegar recovered from the fermented dried material undergoing preliminary carbonization treatment. The high-temperature fermentation bacteria group according to claim 7, which is inoculated to the plant organic matter in a state. 9. After obtaining the fermentation dried material according to claim 6,
A method of fermenting and drying / preliminary carbonization / firing of a vegetable organic material, wherein a carbonaceous material is obtained by preliminarily carbonizing to obtain a preliminary carbonized material and then firing. 10. A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising: a positive electrode composed of a lithium composite oxide as a carbonaceous material; and a negative electrode composed of a carbonaceous negative electrode material capable of doping / dedoping lithium ions as a negative electrode active material. The fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization / firing method for plant organic matter according to claim 9, which is used as the carbonaceous negative electrode material in a battery. 11. The pre-carbonization is performed by a self-combustion pre-carbonization method of pre-carbonizing the fermentation dried material by the combustion heat while partially burning the fermentation dried material by supplying an appropriate amount of external heat and oxygen. The preliminary carbonization temperature is controlled to a predetermined temperature in the range of 400 to 600 ° C, wherein the fermentation drying / preliminary fermentation of the plant organic matter according to any one of claims 9 and 10. Carbonization / firing method. 12. An apparatus for fermenting and drying / preliminary carbonization of vegetable organic matter, comprising the following elements 1) to 3). 1) At least a part of the wall is constituted by a mesh plate that does not allow the passage of powdery or granular plant organic matter, and a plurality of ventilation gutters forming a downward groove structure are provided between at least a part of the opposing side walls. An installed fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization tank. 2) A heating furnace having a structure in which the above-mentioned fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization tank is fixed inside or the fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization tank is carried in / out, and the fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization tank is formed by flowing hot gas. A hot air circulation type heating furnace that heats the inside. 3) A wood vinegar collecting device is provided on the exhaust side of the hot air flow passage in the heating furnace to cool the flue gas stream and collect wood vinegar. 13. A fermentation drying tank according to 4) or 5) below,
6) Preliminary carbonization furnace and 7) firing furnace are provided as elements, and the material to be treated can be sequentially and continuously transferred between the elements by the transfer means interposed between these elements. A plant organic matter fermentation drying / preliminary carbonization / firing apparatus. 4) At least a portion of the wall portion is formed of a mesh plate that does not allow the material to be processed to pass through and falls off, and a plurality of ventilation gutters forming a downward groove structure are provided between at least some of the opposed side walls, A fermentation drying tank with a discharge port at the lower end for the material to be treated. 5) A cylindrical drum body having a double-walled structure of a perforated plate on the inner wall and a non-perforated plate on the outer wall is installed horizontally and rotatably supported by a driving roller, and one end of the drum body in the axial direction is processed. A rotary kiln-type fermentation drying tank that constitutes a material feeder and has an open end for the material to be treated at the other end. 6) A heater is built in the lower half of the tubular main body of the preliminary carbonization furnace, which has an inlet for the material to be processed at the upper part and an outlet for the material to be processed at the lower part, and the peripheral wall of the lower part of the main body has Is a preliminary carbonization furnace provided with a large number of air supply ports, and a wood vinegar recovery device provided at an upper portion of the main body for cooling a flue gas stream and collecting wood vinegar. 7) In a cylindrical body of a firing furnace having a heat-resistant structure wall in which a supply pipe for an inert gas is incorporated at a lower portion and an inlet for a material to be treated provided at an upper portion, a lower axial portion inside the cylindrical body. Forming a lower tubular electrode also serving as an outlet for the material to be treated, and forming an upper electrode at the upper axial portion of the tubular main body so as to face the lower tubular electrode; A vertical electric heating furnace-type firing furnace that heats and fires by direct energization.