JPH11315781A - Swash plate compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a swash plate compressor which can reduce the generation sound without installing the silencer. SOLUTION: The swash plate compressor has a housing 12, comprising two pairs of chambers, i.e., a first chambers and a second chambers 31 to 34, and a plurality of cylinders 13. A couple of valve plates 38 and 40 are arranged between the cylinder and the 1st and the 2nd chambers 31 to 34, respectively. Each of the valve plates 38, 40 has a plurality of first holes 42, 46 that communicate to each of the first chambers 31, 32, and the cylinder 13, and plurality of second holes 44, 48 that communicate to each of the second chambers 39, 34, and the cylinder 13. A first valve means and second valve means 50 are provided for opening and shutting the 1st holes 42, 46 and the 2nd hole 44, 48 in each of the valve plates 38 and 40. The second valve means 50 relative to the second hole 48 of the valve plate is kept within the second chamber 34 by a maintenance means 52. The maintenance means 52 keeps the second valve means 50 selectively at either of the position where the second holes 44, 48 are opened and shut and the position where they are not.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a swash plate type compressor used in an automotive air conditioning system.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A swash plate type compressor is one of compressors that are incorporated in an air conditioning system for a vehicle and perform a compression work of a refrigerant by receiving a rotational power of a vehicle-mounted engine.

In a swash plate compressor, refrigerant (low-pressure refrigerant) is sucked into each cylinder from outside of the housing by reciprocation of a plurality of pistons in a plurality of cylinders provided in the housing. After being compressed, the compressed refrigerant (high-pressure refrigerant) is discharged to the outside of the housing.

Each piston is driven via a shaft rotatably supported by the housing and a swash plate attached to the shaft. The shaft rotates by receiving the rotational power of a vehicle-mounted engine, and the swash plate converts the rotational motion of the shaft into a reciprocating motion of the piston.

The low-pressure refrigerant is received in a pair of first chambers provided in the housing before being introduced into each cylinder, and the high-pressure refrigerant is discharged into a pair of first chambers before being discharged to the outside of the housing. Is discharged to the second chamber.

The first chamber and the second chamber are set as one set, and these two sets are opposed to both ends of the cylinder, respectively. The low-pressure refrigerant is supplied from each of the first chambers to each cylinder. The high-pressure refrigerant after compression is alternately introduced into both ends of each piston in the inside, and is discharged alternately to both second chambers.

To control the introduction of the low-pressure refrigerant into each cylinder and the discharge of the high-pressure refrigerant from each cylinder,
A valve plate is disposed between each set of the first and second chambers and each end of the cylinder, and each valve plate has a plurality of first and second chambers communicating with each cylinder. And a first hole for opening and closing a plurality of first holes communicating with the first chamber and a plurality of second holes communicating with the second chamber in each valve plate, respectively. Valve means and second
Is provided.

By the way, in the swash plate type compressor, after the start of the operation, particularly in a short time immediately after the start of the operation, the swash plate type compressor generates a beating sound caused by the discharge of the high-pressure refrigerant from each cylinder to each second chamber. Sound generation occurs intermittently.

Conventionally, in order to reduce the generated sound, a silencer connected to each second chamber and defining a space for receiving the high-pressure refrigerant from the second chamber has been attached to the outside of the housing (Japanese Patent Publication Sho 63). -54907 or JP-B-4-8635).

[0010]

However, the silencer increases the overall shape of the swash plate compressor, which is used in automobiles,
Particularly, it has been difficult to install or install the swash plate type compressor in a narrow engine room of a passenger car.

An object of the present invention is to provide a swash plate compressor that can reduce the above-mentioned generated sound without installing a muffler.

[0012]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A swash plate compressor according to the present invention comprises two sets of a first chamber and a second chamber opposed to each other.
And a housing in which the second chambers communicate with each other. The housing is provided with a plurality of cylinders, and a piston is arranged in each cylinder so as to be able to reciprocate. Further, a shaft is rotatably supported by the housing, and a swash plate for converting the rotational motion into a reciprocating motion of the piston is attached to the shaft. Further, a pair of valve plates is disposed between the cylinder and the two sets of the first chamber and the second chamber, respectively. Each valve plate has a plurality of first holes communicating with each first chamber and the cylinder and a plurality of second holes communicating with each second chamber and the cylinder. Further, a first valve means and a second valve means are provided for opening and closing the first hole and the second hole in each valve plate.

In the present invention, the holding means holds the second valve means relating to the second hole of one valve plate in the second chamber adjacent to the one valve plate. . The holding means is configured to include the second
Are selectively held at a position where the second hole is opened and closed and a position where the second hole is not opened and closed.

[0014] The holding means includes, for example, a support member for supporting the second valve means, a solenoid attached to the housing, one end fixed to the support member, and the other end received by the solenoid. And a spring member that exerts a spring force on the movable iron core toward the one valve plate.

[0015]

According to the present invention, the low-pressure refrigerant is alternately sucked into the first chambers by the operation of the first valve means due to the reciprocating motion of each piston in each cylinder. Both first chambers are introduced into each cylinder via first holes in one and the other valve plate and compressed. The compressed high-pressure refrigerant is discharged alternately into the second chambers through the second holes of the valve plates under the operation of the second valve means.

In the swash plate compressor according to the present invention, before or during the operation, the holding means moves the second valve means from the operation position to the second hole of the one valve plate. When moved into position, the second hole is always open. Therefore, the compression of the refrigerant by each piston in each cylinder is performed only on the other valve plate side, not on the one valve plate side. As a result, the high-pressure refrigerant is discharged only to the second chamber on the other valve plate side, and is not discharged to the second chamber on the one valve plate side.
Therefore, the receiving space or the discharge space of the high-pressure refrigerant is not only the second chamber on the other valve plate side, but also the second chamber on the one valve plate side communicating with the second chamber. A larger space including the chamber and a part of the space in the cylinder communicating with the second chamber. By being in this large space,
The generation of intermittent noise accompanying the discharge of the high-pressure refrigerant is prevented.

However, at this time, the compression capacity of the swash plate compressor is reduced to less than half. However, this
The power required to operate the swash plate compressor is also halved. Therefore, when the swash plate compressor is started, the second valve means is moved to the non-operating position, and after the start, the second valve means is returned to the original working position. The load on the vehicle-mounted engine, which is the driving source of the vehicle, can be greatly reduced. This is particularly suitable for the operation of a swash plate type compressor that is driven intermittently according to the temperature of the vehicle interior.

When the holding means of the second valve means is constituted by the support member of the second valve means, the solenoid, the movable iron core, and the spring member, the solenoid is energized. By drawing the movable iron core into the solenoid, the second valve means held by the support member can be moved from its working position to its non-working position, and by stopping power supply to the solenoid. Since the second valve means is under the action of the spring force of the spring member, it is moved from its non-working position to the working position. The start time of the energization of the solenoid can be easily adjusted to the start time of the operation of the swash plate type compressor.

[0019]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a swash plate compressor according to the present invention is indicated generally by the reference numeral 10. FIG.

The swash plate type compressor 10 includes a housing 12,
A plurality of cylinders 13 provided in the housing, a shaft 16 rotatably supported by the housing 12 and extending on the axis of the housing, and a swash plate 18 attached to the shaft; A plurality of pistons 20 movably arranged.

In the example shown, a cylinder block 14 is accommodated in a housing 12, and the cylinder block extends in the housing 12 in the axial direction thereof.
A plurality (five in the illustrated example) of cylinders 13 open at both end surfaces of the cylinder 4 are defined. The plurality of cylinders 13 are spaced from each other around the shaft 16.

The illustrated cylinder block 14 consists of two parts which are butted against each other in the axial direction,
The shaft 14 is supported by the housing 12 via the cylinder block 14.

The housing 12 has a generally cylindrical main body 22 that substantially defines a housing space for the cylinder block 14.
And a reduced-diameter tube portion 23 extending from one end of the main body.
And a cap 24 fixed to the other end (open end) of the main body 22 to close it. Body 22, reduced diameter tube 2
The axis of each of 3 and cap 24 is on the axis of housing 12, which is one common straight line.

The shaft 16 extends on the axis of the housing 12 through the cylinder block 14 through the reduced-diameter tube portion 23, and is rotatably supported by the cylinder block 14 via a pair of radial bearings 25. .

The shaft 16 is rotated by receiving the rotational power of a vehicle engine (not shown). The rotational movement of the shaft 16 is converted into a reciprocating movement of each piston 20 via the swash plate 18.

The swash plate 18 includes a cavity 26 provided in the cylinder block 14 and each of the pistons 20 communicating with the cavity.
And is passed through the shaft 16 and fixed to it at the boss 18a thereof. The boss 18a is in contact with the cylinder block 14 via a pair of thrust bearings 28.

The swash plate 18 is interposed between a disc-shaped shoe 29 which is disposed in the recess 27 of the piston and contacts both surfaces of the swash plate 18, and a ball 30 rotatably held by the shoe 29 and each piston 20. And is in contact with each piston 20.

The swash plate 18 is inclined with respect to the shaft 16. That is, the swash plate 18 is
Crossing angles other than degrees. Therefore, when the swash plate 18 rotates together with the shaft 16, the position of an arbitrary portion in the circumferential direction of the swash plate 18 changes in the axial direction of the shaft 16. As a result, when the swash plate 18 rotates,
Each piston 20 in contact with the swash plate 18 is forcibly displaced by the swash plate in the axial direction of each piston, and reciprocates.

The housing 12 is provided with two sets of a first chamber and a second chamber. More specifically, a set of first chambers 31 is provided on one end side of the main body 22.
And a second chamber 32 are provided, and a set of a first chamber 33 and a second chamber 34 are provided in the cap 24. These two sets of first and second chambers 31, 32 and 33, 34
They are open to each other.

The first chambers 31 and 33 located at both ends of each cylinder 13 form a space for receiving a refrigerant (low-pressure refrigerant) introduced into the housing 12. The two second chambers 32 and 34 respectively located on the side of the side constitute a space for receiving the refrigerant (high-pressure refrigerant) discharged from the housing 12 and compressed by the piston 20. For reference,
Each of the first chambers 31, 33 is denoted by a symbol "L" indicating a low pressure region, and each of the second chambers 32, 34 is denoted by a symbol "H" indicating a high pressure region.

The low-pressure refrigerant is supplied to the housing cap 2
4 that communicates with an inlet port 35 provided in
2 are guided to the first chambers 31 and 33 via a passage (not shown) provided in the second chamber 2. Both first chambers 31,
The low-pressure refrigerant in 33 is supplied to each cylinder 13 alternately from both ends thereof according to the reciprocating motion of each piston 20.

On the other hand, the discharge of the high-pressure refrigerant from each cylinder 13 into the second chambers 31 and 33 is performed alternately from both ends of each cylinder 13 according to the reciprocating motion of each piston 20. The discharged high-pressure refrigerant is supplied to the cap 2
From the second chamber 34 on the fourth side, it is led to an outlet port (not shown) provided in the cap 24 via a passage (not shown) provided in the cap 24. As will be described later, since the second chambers 32 and 34 are in communication with each other, the high-pressure refrigerant discharged to the second chamber 32 on the opposite side also receives the second chamber 34 on the cap 26 side. Through to the outlet port.

The first chamber 31 and the second chamber 32 on one end side of the housing 12 each have an annular open surface surrounding the axis of the housing 12, and the second chamber 32 is formed of the first chamber 31. 31 is surrounded.

The first chamber 33 at the other end of the housing 12 has an annular open surface around the axis of the housing 12, and the second chamber 34 surrounds the first chamber 33. Has a circular open surface.

Both end surfaces of the cylinder block 14 (that is, both end surfaces of the cylinder 13) are opposed to the open surfaces of the two sets of first and second chambers 31-34, respectively. Two sets of first and second
A pair of valve plates 38 and 40 are arranged between the chambers 28 and 34, respectively.

Of the two valve plates 38, 40, the valve plate 38 at one end of the housing 12 has a pair of first and second chambers 31, 32 on both sides.
, And one open end face of the cylinder block 14 is air-tightly contacted with each other. The valve plate 40 at the other end of the housing 12 has a pair of first and second chambers 33 and 34 on both sides thereof.
And the other open end face of the cylinder block 14 are in airtight contact with each other.

Thus, both valve plates 38, 40
An enclosed space including a plurality of cylinders 13 is defined therebetween. Further, each set of the first chamber and the second chamber 31-closed by each valve plate 38, 40.
An enclosed space consisting of 34 is defined. Furthermore, the second
The chambers 32 and 34 communicate with each other via a passage 37 provided in the cylinder block 14 and opened to both end surfaces thereof.

In the illustrated example, one of the first chambers 31 communicates with the internal space of the reduced-diameter tube portion 23 of the housing 12. For this reason, in order to ensure the hermeticity of the first chamber 31, the seal 39 surrounding the part of the shaft 16 and the O-ring 41 are arranged in the reduced-diameter tube portion 23.

One valve plate 38 has a hole (first hole) 42 communicating with the first chamber 31 and each cylinder 13 and a hole (first hole) communicating with the second chamber 32 and each cylinder 13. 2 holes) 44 are provided. The other one of the valve plates 40 has a hole (first hole) 4 communicating with the first chamber 33 and each cylinder 13.
6, and a hole (second hole) 48 communicating with the second chamber 34 and each cylinder 13 is provided.

The first holes 42 and 46 allow the low-pressure refrigerant to flow from each first chamber 31 and 33 into each cylinder 13, and the second holes 44 and 48 allow each cylinder to pass from each cylinder to each first cylinder. The flow of the high-pressure refrigerant to the second chambers 32 and 34 is allowed.

Further, a valve means (first valve means) (not shown) for opening and closing the first holes 42, 46 is provided for each of the valve plates 38, 40.

The first valve means is disposed, for example, between each of the valve plates 38, 40 and the cylinder block 14, and is sandwiched between them.
Each of the first and second holes includes a plurality of check valves made of leaf springs which close the first holes and close to one surface of each of the first and second surfaces. The check valve is elastically deformed when receiving a negative pressure generated in each cylinder 13 due to the reciprocating motion of the piston 20, and
Open the hole.

Further, with respect to one of the valve plates 38, valve means for opening and closing each second hole 44 (second valve means) is provided.
(Not shown).

The second valve means is disposed in the second chamber 32 and is fixed to the other surface of the valve plate 38, and is provided with a plurality of leaf springs which are in close contact with the surface and close the second holes 44. A check valve. The check valve is a piston 2
When receiving the high pressure of the refrigerant compressed in each cylinder 13 with the reciprocation of 0, the refrigerant elastically deforms and opens the second hole.

Further, with respect to the other valve plate 40, a valve means (second valve means) 50 for opening and closing each second hole 48 is disposed in the second chamber 34 adjacent to the valve plate 40. Have been.

The illustrated second valve means 50 comprises a plurality of check valves made of leaf springs which close each second hole 48 in close contact with the other side surface of the valve plate 40. The check valve is
As the piston 20 reciprocates, the refrigerant compressed in each cylinder 13 receives a high pressure and is elastically deformed, thereby opening the second hole 48.

In the swash plate type compressor 10 of the present invention, the second valve means 50 is held by holding means 52 described later.

The holding means 52 is in an operating position where the second valve means 50 opens and closes the second hole 48 of the valve plate 40, that is, when the check valve is in the valve plate 4 position.
0, and a non-operating position where the opening / closing operation is not performed, that is, the check valve is a valve plate 4.
It can be selectively held at a position away from zero.

The holding means 52 includes a support member 54 for supporting the second valve means 50 in the second chamber 34.

The support member 54 is formed of a plate-like body facing the other surface of the valve plate 40,
Peripheral edge 5 warping to the side opposite to 0 (the side of cap 24)
5 This peripheral portion 55 is connected to the second valve means 50.
When the check valve is in the operative position, it is allowed to elastically deform to open the second hole 48.

The holding means 52 further holds the holding member 54 in the second chamber 34 so as to selectively hold the second valve means 50 in the working position and the non-working position via the supporting member 54. It includes an assembly of a solenoid 56 and a movable iron core 58 which are driving mechanisms for moving the housing 12 in the axial direction together with the second valve means 50.

The cap 24 has a hole 60 coaxial with the axis of the housing 12 to allow the movable iron core 58 to pass therethrough.

The solenoid 56 has a casing 62 and a coil 64 housed in the casing 62. The casing 62 has a cylindrical space 66 open at one end and surrounded by a coil 64. The cylindrical space is disposed outside the housing 12 so as to be coaxial with and communicate with the hole 60 of the cap 24. It is airtightly fixed against.

The illustrated movable iron core 58 includes a bolt 68, a nut 70, and a columnar body 7 extending on the axis of the housing 12.
2 assembly.

The bolt 68 has a large-diameter shaft portion 68b extending from its head portion 68a and a small-diameter shaft portion 68c having a thread extending from the large-diameter shaft portion.

The second valve means 50 and the supporting member 54 in contact with the second valve means 50 are fixed to each other by a mounting bolt 74 penetrating therethrough and extending on the axis of the housing 12.
8a, whereby the second valve means 50 is supported by the support member 54.

The head 74a of the mounting bolt 74 is provided with a guide hole 7 provided on the valve plate 40 and opened on the other side.
6 has been accepted. Also, the large-diameter shaft portion 68 of the bolt
b penetrates a guide collar 78 mounted on the solenoid casing 62 and communicating with the cylindrical space 66 of the casing. The guide hole 76 and the collar 78 are
Can be moved along the axis of the housing 12 along the axis of the housing 12, and the large-diameter shaft portion 68b
Are respectively restrained and guided.

The nut 70 is screwed into the small diameter shaft portion 68c of the bolt, is received by the collar 78, and is in contact with the large diameter shaft portion 68b.

The columnar body 72 has a thread groove which is open at one end thereof, and the small-diameter shaft portion 68c of the bolt is formed through the thread groove.
And is in contact with the nut 70. The pillar 72 is
Its peripheral surface is slidably in contact with the wall surface of the cylindrical space 66.

In the assembly, the head portion 68a of the bolt and a part of the large-diameter shaft portion 68b extend on the axis of the housing 12 in the second chamber 34, and the remaining portion of the large-diameter shaft portion 68b is The small diameter shaft portion 68c and the columnar body 72 extend in the cylindrical space 66 of the solenoid.

A compressed spring member 82 composed of a coil spring surrounding a large diameter shaft portion 68b of the bolt is disposed between the head portion 68a of the bolt and the collar 78, and both ends of the spring member 82 are connected to the large diameter portion 68b of the bolt. It is in contact with the collar 78.

The bolt 68 receives the spring force of the compressed spring member 82 having the collar 78 as a reaction force support, and is pressed toward the valve plate 40. As a result, the second valve means 50 is pressed against the valve plate 40 so as to be in close contact therewith, and between the columnar body 72 and the closed end of the cylindrical space 66 of the casing for movement of the columnar body 72. There is a small space portion 80. At this time, the second valve means 5
0 is in the working position.

When the coil 64 of the solenoid is energized, the columnar body 72 moves in the space portion 80 which is a part of the cylindrical space 66, and the movable core 58 is moved until the columnar body 72 hits the closed end of the cylindrical space 66. Moves on the axis of the housing 12 against the spring force of the spring member 82 (see FIG. 2). As a result, the second valve means 50 moves away from the valve plate 40. At this time, the second valve means 50 is in a non-operating position that does not exert an opening / closing action on the second hole 48,
The second hole 48 is opened.

When the energization of the coil 64 is stopped, the movable iron core 58 is moved to the opposite side under the spring force of the spring member 82 in a state where the amount of compression is increased, whereby the second valve means 50 is moved. Returns to the operating position and comes into close contact with the valve plate 40.

When the second valve means 50 is in the operating position, each cylinder 1 is opened and closed by opening and closing both first valve means.
The low-pressure refrigerant is sucked alternately from both first chambers 31 and 33 at both ends of the cylinder 3, and the sucked low-pressure refrigerant alternates at both ends of each cylinder 13 by opening and closing both second valve means. And then discharged into both second chambers 32,34.

The high-pressure refrigerant discharged into the two second chambers 32 and 34 is discharged from the outlet port to the outside of the housing 12 through one of the second chambers 34.

On the other hand, when the second valve means 50 is in the non-operating position, the second hole 48 where the second valve means 50 should open and close is always kept open.
Therefore, on the side of the second hole 48, each cylinder 1
There is no compression of the refrigerant in 3 and therefore no discharge of high-pressure refrigerant to the second chamber 34.

As a result, the refrigerant is compressed in each cylinder 13 only on the side of the second hole 44,
, The compressed high-pressure refrigerant is discharged into the second chamber 32 which leads to the above.

The second chamber 32, which is the discharge space for the high-pressure refrigerant passing through the second hole 44, communicates with another second chamber 34 via a passage 37, and the second chamber 34 Communicates with the second hole 48 in the open state,
Further, the second chamber 34 has a low pressure because there is no discharge of the high-pressure refrigerant into the chamber.

Therefore, in addition to the second chamber 32, the second chamber 34 and each cylinder 13 connected to the second chamber also receive the high-pressure refrigerant discharged through the second hole 44. be able to. Therefore, the discharge space of the high-pressure refrigerant passing through the second hole 44 is substantially increased. This increased large discharge space substantially acts as a silencer for a sound (generated sound) generated when the high-pressure refrigerant is discharged to the second chamber 34 through the second hole 44. Make

From this, it is possible to reduce the above-mentioned generated noise immediately after the compressor 10 is started without attaching a special silencer outside the compressor 10.

The high-pressure refrigerant discharged into the large space is discharged out of the housing 12 through the outlet port.

The discharge amount at this time is determined by the second valve means 5.
0 is equal to or less than half of the discharge amount during the operation of the compressor 10 in the operation position. Therefore, the magnitude of the load required for compressing the refrigerant on the on-vehicle engine is also less than half. Thus, the load on the on-vehicle engine at the time of starting the compressor 10 can be reduced.

The degree of the loudness of the generated sound is determined by the compressor 10
Is reduced within a short time after the start-up, and thereafter, the energization of the solenoid 52 is stopped so that the movable iron core 58
At the same time, the second valve means 50 is returned from the non-operation position to the operation position, and the compressor 10 can be returned to the normal operation.

The electric control means starts the transmission of the rotational power of the on-board engine to the shaft 16, that is, the operation start of the compressor 10 which is operated intermittently, and the assembly of the solenoid 52 and the movable iron core 58. Operation start timing.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a swash plate compressor of the present invention with a second valve means in an operating position.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the swash plate compressor shown in FIG. 1 with a second valve means in a non-operating position.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 10 swash plate compressor 12 housing 13 cylinder 14 cylinder block 16 shaft 18 swash plate 20 piston 31, 33 first chamber 32, 34 second chamber 38, 40 valve plate 42, 46 first hole 44, 48 second Hole 50 second valve means 52 holding means 54 support member 56, 58 solenoid and movable iron core

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A housing having two sets of a first chamber and a second chamber opposed to each other, wherein the second chamber communicates with each other, and a plurality of cylinders provided in the housing. A piston rotatably arranged in each cylinder, a shaft rotatably supported by the housing, a swash plate attached to the shaft for converting the rotational movement of the shaft into a reciprocating motion of the piston, and the cylinder And a pair of valve plates respectively disposed between the two sets of the first chamber and the second chamber.
A pair of valve plates having a first hole communicating with each chamber and each cylinder, and a second hole communicating with each second chamber and each cylinder, the first hole and the first hole in each valve plate. A first valve means and a second valve means for respectively opening and closing the two holes, and the second valve means relating to the second hole of one valve plate is connected to a second valve means adjacent to the one valve plate. Holding means for holding in the chamber, wherein the second valve means selectively opens and closes the position where the second valve opens and closes the second hole, and
Swash plate type compressor. 2. A holding member for supporting the second valve means, a solenoid attached to the housing, one end fixed to the supporting member, and the other end received by the solenoid. 2. The swash plate compressor according to claim 1, further comprising: a movable core having: a spring member that exerts a spring force on the movable iron core toward the one valve plate. 3.