JPH11315531A - Preventive method for wind-blown sand - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent a sand ground face from being wind-blown and efficiently improve the soil condition by scattering lumps of soil, a granular soil conditioner, or aggregate by making use of a crawler dump truck provided with a constant quantity sprinkler having a nearly equal width to the truck body width and a gear reducer at the rear part. SOLUTION: A crawler dump truck provided with a constant quantity sprinkler 4 having a nearly equal width to the truck body width and a gear reducer at the rear part of the truck bed 3 is used. The constant quantity sprinkler 4 equipped on the truck bed 3 is constituted of a sprinkling means such as a roller, a screw, a belt, etc., for sprinkling and a drive means driving the sprinkling means. The drive means is simultaneously driven for the sprinkler in an interlocking motion with the driving of the crawler 1. An auxiliary roller takes in vegetation seeds, lumps of soil including fertirizer, granular soil conditioner, or aggregate loaded on the truck body 3 and these materials are scattered on a sand ground surface 19 at a certain constant thickness while being disintegrated, to form a scattered layer 18. It is preferable that the lumps of soil, the granular soil conditioner, or the aggregate is as large as 5-50 mm respectively.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for preventing sand deposits, and more particularly, to spraying a mass of soil or granular soil improving material or aggregate to a sand surface to a constant thickness and a fixed width on a sandy surface. The present invention also relates to a method for efficiently preventing sand and improving soil.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is a vast sandy area or dune area in a coastal zone, and in a residential area or a factory or the like formed by cutting the soil or embedding the earth and sand, flying sand is formed. There is a risk of erosion and slope erosion, and the growth of the introduced vegetation is a concern.

[0003] Flying sand occurs when the wind blows on the ground, and most of its movement is a dynamic movement. In the flying sand phenomenon, 90% or more of the sand particles are only 30 cm from the surface of the ground.
Observations and experiments have shown that it extends over a range of heights.

Conventionally, methods for suppressing the generation of sand and reducing the amount of sand (countermeasures against sand) include (1) suppression of the generation source, (2) suppression before diffusion, or diffusion. Three steps of measures are taken, such as catching later, (3) suppressing re-spreading, and the above-mentioned (1) measures against flying sand include ground surface stabilization, vegetation, etc. As a countermeasure for (2), a windbreak soil base, a static sand fence, a windbreak shelf and the like are known, and as a countermeasure for (3), a flying sand protection forest and the like are known.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 49-39202 discloses that the floor is leveled by tightening the floor, the subsoil of the mountain is mixed with the topsoil, and the resultant is dispersed and placed on a 5 cm thick roll while rolling. The first step is to lay the foundation, then cultivate to a depth of 2 cm with an agricultural tractor, mix and disperse the fertilizer and seeds, lightly cover the soil, and press the second step to cultivate the sowing. On the compacted soil, in a reservoir, sprinkle a coating agent mixed with water and apply a coating agent. The coating process is the third step. A greening vegetation method for preventing flying sand, which is characterized by prevention of flying sand pollution and environmental protection, is described.

[0006]

The method of spraying a soil mass or a granular soil improving material or aggregate on a sandy land surface according to the prior art described above is an effective method for preventing flying sand, and particularly combining this with a vegetation method. And the advantage that the source of flying sand can be suppressed is exhibited, but the problem lies in the work of uniformly dispersing the soil mass or granular soil improvement material or aggregate on the sandy surface, and ultimately It was still unsatisfactory in that it required manual laying and laying repair, was inefficient, and required labor costs.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to spread sand lumps or granular soil improving materials or aggregates on a sandy surface to a certain thickness and a certain width by mechanical construction, thereby efficiently preventing sand and improving soil. To provide the method of construction.

[0008]

According to the present invention, there is provided a method for preventing sand from flying, comprising spraying a mass of soil or granular soil improving material or aggregate on a sandy surface to a certain thickness. The present invention provides a method for preventing sand-sanding, which comprises using a crawler dump provided with a constant-quantity spraying device having a width and a speed reducer to spray a soil mass or granular soil improving material or aggregate. In the present invention, the quantitative spraying device includes a spraying device such as a roller, a screw or a belt for spraying, and a driving device for driving the spraying device. , And stability of operation. In addition, when the driving means is rotated in synchronization with the driving of the crawler using a speed reducer, the supply amount per area can be constantly maintained regardless of the change in the speed of the crawler. preferable. Furthermore, by providing an auxiliary roller for being attached to the crawler dump carrier and sending the mass of soil, soil improvement material or aggregate to the spraying means while unraveling the load, even if the material is compacted, This is preferable because a stable supply to the spraying means is ensured.

The above-mentioned soil mass or granular soil improving material or aggregate can be sprayed as it is, or when it is sprayed in a form containing plant seeds or further fertilizer, vegetation can be performed at the same time, which is particularly effective. . As the soil mass or granular soil improving material or aggregate to be used, any known material can be used. However, a material having a particle size of 5 to 50 mm is generally preferable in terms of workability of spraying and prevention of flying sand. In addition, the thickness of the soil mass or granular soil improvement material or aggregate varies depending on the type of sand and climatic conditions such as wind speed, but is generally stable by scattering to an average thickness of 10 to 60 mm. Prevention is achieved.

[0010]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [Operation] In the present invention, a crawler equipped with a fixed amount spraying device and a speed reducer having a width substantially equivalent to a vehicle width at the time of spraying a soil mass or a granular soil improving material or an aggregate on a sandy surface. Use a dump.

It has already been pointed out that the sandy ground is soft and easy to get wet, and it is difficult to apply the soil mass or granular soil improving material or the aggregate by mechanical construction. However, in the present invention, the driving for traveling is grounded. Since a crawler (crawler track) system is used, which has a large area and therefore a weight per area that is much smaller than that of a vehicle driven by a tire, etc., a large mass of soil or granular soil improving material or aggregate is loaded on the carrier. do it,
The operation of spraying the sand on the surface of the sand while transporting the sand can be smoothly performed without any trouble.

In a crawler dump, the front portion of a loading platform is lifted and tilted, and a load is discharged from a rear portion. In the present invention, a fixed amount spraying device having a width substantially equivalent to a vehicle width is provided at the rear portion of the crawler dump. Is provided, and the soil mass or the granular soil improving material or aggregate on the cargo bed is quantitatively sprayed in a wide width corresponding to the vehicle width via the quantitative spraying device. That is, the supply amount by the quantitative spraying apparatus is M [kg / sec],
Spreading width is W [m] and traveling speed of crawler dump is V
[M / sec], the spray amount X per unit area
X = M / (W · V) [kg / m ² ], and it becomes possible to spray a fixed amount, that is, a soil mass or a granular soil improving material or an aggregate to a certain thickness.

The amount of spraying X is easily adjusted by adjusting the supply amount M of the fixed amount spraying device and / or the traveling speed V of the crawler. By associating the traveling speed of the crawler, it is possible to perform a constant amount of spraying regardless of the crawler speed.

According to the present invention, by using a crawler dump equipped with a fixed-quantity spraying device and a speed reducer, it is possible to spray a soil mass or a granular soil improving material or aggregate by mechanical construction.
It can be performed quantitatively with a wide width corresponding to the vehicle width of the crawler, and it can be performed efficiently without special labor. In particular, when vegetation is performed simultaneously with the application of the soil mass or granular soil improvement material or aggregate or after the application of the soil mass or granular soil improvement material or aggregate, the construction period is required to prevent turfgrass from falling off in summer. Although it is unavoidable to be limited, according to the present invention, by introducing the above machine construction, the construction period is significantly shortened,
There is also the advantage that the above restrictions are considerably relaxed.

The spraying roller as the spraying means of the metering spraying apparatus is a roller having a large number of pins planted thereon, and the pins are arranged at an axial interval and shifted in a radial angle. Rollers are particularly preferred. The use of this pin planting roller has the advantage that the material is unraveled and the material is leveled evenly in the width direction due to the rotation of the pin, and the material is scattered uniformly and uniformly.

The sprinkling roller has a pin-shaped pedestal provided so as to protrude radially outward from the roller surface, and a bolt implanted in a female screw of the pedestal. The length of the pin is provided to be adjustable. Are preferably used. That is, by changing the length of the pin (for example, by increasing the length of the pin), there is an advantage that the thickness of the material to be scattered can be adjusted (the thickness of the scattered material can be increased).

In the present invention, the above-mentioned fixed amount spraying device is attached to the rear part of the crawler dump, and the mass of soil or soil improving material or aggregate is loaded on the carrier, and the mass is stably supplied by inclining the carrier. As far as possible, it is possible to spray a soil mass, soil improvement material or aggregate having a certain width and a certain thickness. However, depending on the water content of the above-mentioned soil mass, soil improving material or aggregate, it may not be possible to stably supply the rear part of the bed simply by lifting the bed.

That is, the material such as the soil mass, the soil improvement material or the aggregate to be sprayed according to the present invention greatly changes in water content (ratio) depending on the season or over time. For example, in the case of Mizusawa Chemical's soil improving material (Galeonite HK), the content is 80 to 180% (JSF.T.121 method). But,
For a material having a water content (ratio) of more than 180%, the material gradually becomes compacted by its own weight on the inclined bed, and the supply to the spraying means is stopped. According to experiments performed by the present inventors, the occurrence of this consolidation state often occurs within 100 cm in front of the spraying means (front side of the bed), and even if a consolidation state occurs in a part of the bed width direction. However, it is very important to prevent the spraying in a certain width from being performed.

In the present invention, an auxiliary roller is provided in front of the spraying means to supply the rear of the soil mass or soil improving material or aggregate while unraveling (unraveling), so that these materials are stirred by the auxiliary roller and dissolved. As a result, the advantage that the occurrence of the compacted state is effectively eliminated and the supply to the spraying means is stably performed is achieved.

In the present invention, as the auxiliary roller, a roller having a contact area with a material as small as possible and having a force for unraveling the material as large as possible is suitable. For this purpose, it is preferable to use a roller having a shaft on which a number of pins are planted, wherein the pins are arranged at intervals in the axial direction and shifted at an angle in the radial direction. In this auxiliary roller, the contact area with the material is a pin, so the contact area is small, there is no adhesion or consolidation, and because the pins are arranged at a different radial angle, the ability to release the material is high. It has the advantage of being large.

When a combination of the auxiliary roller and the spreading roller is used, the diameter of the auxiliary roller is larger than the diameter of the spreading roller, and the rotation speed of the auxiliary roller is set to be smaller than the rotation speed of the spreading roller. This is advantageous in preventing adhesion and consolidation of the material and stably supplying the material to the spreading roller. That is, under the above conditions, the unraveling of the material by the auxiliary roller can be performed by a slow rotation with respect to the large volume of the material, which is particularly effective in preventing consolidation.

In the present invention, a belt conveyor may be used instead of the auxiliary roller depending on the condition of the water content of the soil mass, soil improvement material or aggregate. That is,
By installing a belt conveyor extending from the front of the bed to the rear of the bed at the bottom of the bed, it becomes possible to constantly supply a constant amount of soil mass, soil improvement material or aggregate loaded on the bed to the spraying means.

As described above, when the auxiliary roller is used for the constant supply of the material, it is necessary to lift the front part of the loading platform and tilt it, and to run the crawler dump in this state. . Such a driving operation does not cause any problem in the construction on flat ground. However, when the construction surface is an inclined surface such as a slope, inclining the carrier makes the crawler dump unstable, and running the crawler dump in this state or in this state may even lead to a danger of falling. In the system that uses a belt conveyor for the constant supply of materials, it is possible to supply a fixed amount of material on the bed without tilting the bed, so that it is possible to scatter a fixed amount of soil, soil improvement material, aggregate, etc. on the inclined surface. It has the advantage that it is.

[Crawler Dump with Quantitative Spraying Apparatus] A crawler dump with a quantitative spraying apparatus used in the method for preventing sand from scattering according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1 showing an example of a crawler dump used in the present invention, the crawler dump is roughly divided into a crawler 1 for traveling on sandy ground, a cab 2 for operating the crawler, a soil mass or a granular soil improving material. Or loading bed 3 for loading aggregate
And a fixed quantity spraying device 4 grounded at the rear of the loading platform. The crawler dump composed of the crawler 1, the cab 2 and the carrier 3 is known per se, and any one can be used for the purpose of the present invention. In general, the carrier 3 is swingably provided on a frame 6 of the crawler 1 via a support shaft 5 at a rear portion thereof, and a front portion of the carrier 3 is lifted and raised by a driving force of an engine (not shown). Reduction is possible.

FIG. 2 showing details of one specific example of the quantitative spraying apparatus.
In the quantitative spraying device 4, the spread roller 7 for taking in the soil mass or the granular soil improving material or the aggregate, and the spraying roller 7, the driving motor 8 for driving the spreading roller, and the driving speed of the motor are roughly reduced. Speed reducer 9 for transmitting to the spreading roller and a supporting device 10 for supporting these from the carrier.

The support device 10 includes a bearing 1 for the spreading roller 7.
1 is provided with a pillow block 12 for adjusting the height of the pillow block 1 vertically.
Is provided, and the adjusting screw 13 is turned,
The bearing 11 can be moved to an arbitrary height position to adjust the clearance between the spreading roller 7 and the bed floor.

In FIG. 3, which shows the detailed structure of the scatter roller 7, the scatter roller 7 extends around the scatter roller 7 in a direction parallel to the axis.
An angle member 14 for supporting a row of transfer plates 16 is provided, and the angle member 14 is provided with a long hole 15 extending in the radial direction. The transfer plate 16 passes through the elongated hole 15 of the angle member 14 and is fastened to a fastening member (bolt / nut).
17 is fixed to the angle member 14. Thus, it will be understood that the outer diameter (height) of the transfer plate 16 can be adjusted by the size of the slot 15.

In the apparatus of this specific example, it is preferable to use a drive mechanism of a base vehicle (crawler dump) body as the prime mover 8 for driving the spraying roller. The drive control of the spray roller simultaneously with the speed becomes possible, and the quantitative spread of the soil mass or the granular soil improving material or aggregate becomes possible.
The prime mover 8 is more preferably a hydraulic motor, and the hydraulic motor is connected to a hydraulic pump directly connected to an engine of the base vehicle body through a power take-off line (line for extracting power from the hydraulic pump). This makes it possible to easily drive at a speed corresponding to the traveling speed. Further, since the hydraulic motor and the spray roller are connected via the speed reducer 9, it is possible to obtain an appropriate rotation speed and drive torque.

In the apparatus of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the amount of the soil or granular soil improving material or aggregate to be applied is adjusted by the type of the soil or granular soil improving material or aggregate to be used,
It can be performed by various means depending on the properties and the like. First, bearing 1
By adjusting the height of 1 and adjusting the clearance between the spreading roller 7 and the bottom surface of the loading platform, the amount of spraying can be adjusted. Further, by adjusting the height of the transfer plate 16 of the spray roller 7 and adjusting the transfer amount of the roller, the spray amount can be adjusted. Further, the speed reduction ratio of the speed reducer 9 is adjusted to control the number of rotations of the spraying roller, whereby the spraying amount can be adjusted. By combining these three control means, depending on the type of soil mass or granular soil improvement material or aggregate and the type of construction ground,
It is possible to form a scatter layer having a thickness suitable for the purpose of preventing flying sand.

At the time of construction, the soil mass to be sprayed or the granular soil improvement material or aggregate is added at the stock point.
Loaded on the crawler dump carrier 3 by backhoe etc.
After being transported to a predetermined construction area, the front portion of the loading platform 3 is lifted and the loading platform is tilted so that the loaded soil mass or granular soil improving material or aggregate is supplied to the fixed quantity spreading device 4. In this state, the spraying roller 7 of the quantitative spraying device is
And the crawler 1 is run. As a result, due to the discharge force and the gravity of the roller, the soil mass or granular soil improving material or aggregate falls, and a strip-shaped scatter layer 18 having a certain thickness is formed on the sand surface 19.

The quantitative spraying apparatus used in the present invention is not limited to the above-described apparatus shown in FIGS. As the metering device, a device having a slit-shaped opening for spraying and a screw or a spiral pin roller provided above the opening and parallel to the opening can also be used.

In FIG. 4 showing this specific example, the structure of the crawler dump is the same as that of FIG. 1, and the quantitative spraying device 4 includes a spray slit opening 20 provided at the lower part of the rear part of the loading platform 3. , A screw 21 provided above the opening and parallel to the opening, and a drive mechanism 9 for rotating the screw. Drive mechanism 9
For example, a mechanism similar to that shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 can be used.

When dispersing the mass of soil or granular soil improving material or aggregate, the bed of the crawler dump is inclined and the loaded mass of soil or granular soil improving material or aggregate is dispersed in the same manner as in FIGS. Is moved to the side of the fixed amount spraying device 4 and the crawler dump is run, and the screw 21 is rotated. As a result, the soil mass or granular soil improving material or aggregate is entangled inside the screw 21 and is discharged outward through the opening 20 by the discharging force due to the rotation of the screw, and is sprayed. Also in this type of apparatus, the amount of application can be adjusted by adjusting the opening or adjusting the number of revolutions of the screw.

FIGS. 5 and 6 show another example of a crawler dump with a fixed amount spraying device used in the present invention. This crawler dump also has the same basic structure as that of FIG. It is. The metering device 4 includes an auxiliary roller 22, a metering device 23, and a motor 24 for driving these.
Is transmitted to the fixed quantity dispersing mechanism 23 via a decelerating drive mechanism 25 including a pulley and a V belt or a chain, and the rotation thereof is further performed via a decelerating drive mechanism 26 including a pulley and a V belt or a chain. 22.

As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the auxiliary roller 22 has a shaft 28 on which a number of straight pins 27 are implanted.
The pins 27 are arranged at an interval in the axial direction and shifted at an angle in the radial direction. More specifically, the shaft 28 has a mounting hole 29 for the pin 27, and the straight pin 27 is supported by the shaft at the center through the mounting hole. The pins 27 are provided on the shaft 28 at a constant pitch p, and in the specific example shown in the drawing, pins adjacent in the axial direction are in a state where the angle is shifted by 45 °. That is, FIG.
, The first pin 27a from the right is at an angle of 45 °, the second pin 27b is at 90 °, the third pin 27c
Is 135 degrees, and the fourth pin 27d is 180 degrees. The length L of each pin 27 is generally in the range of 500 to 1000 mm and the pitch p between the pins 27
Is suitably in the range of 100 to 300 mm.

In FIG. 9, which shows an example of the quantitative spraying mechanism 23, FIG. 9A is a top view, FIG. 9B is a front view, and FIG. 9C is a side view. Roller 30, a housing 31 for accommodating and supporting the spreading roller, and an adjusting shutter 32 for adjusting the inflow of material.

The housing 31 has a mounting arm 33, and is mounted on a swing 35 of the carrier 3 by a mounting pin 34. The prime mover 9 is provided on the housing 31, and transmits a driving force to the shaft 36 of the spray roller 30 via the speed reduction mechanism 25.

The adjusting shutter 32 can be moved up and down to adjust the inflow amount of the material. For this purpose, the loading / unloading 35 is provided with a shaft 38 having a gripping bar 37 at the upper end. A screw provided on the shaft 38 is engaged with a female screw 40 provided on the adjustment shutter 32. Thus, by rotating the shaft 38, the adjusting shutter 32 can be moved up and down to adjust the inflow amount of the material.

In FIG. 10 showing a preferred example of the spreading roller, (A) is a front view of the spreading roller, (B) is a side view of the spreading roller, and (C) is a detailed view of a pin in the spreading roller. It is. The sprinkling roller 30 is composed of a roller 41 having a constant diameter and a number of pins 42 planted on the roller 41. The pins 42 are arranged at an interval in the axial direction and shifted at an angle in the radial direction. Have been. In the specific example shown in the drawing, a pair of pins are 18
The pins extend in the opposite direction by 0 °, and the pins adjacent in the pin axis direction are in a state where the angle is shifted by 45 °. That is, FIG.
In (A), the first pin 42a from the right side has an angle of 45 °, the second pin 42b has an angle of 90 °, and the third pin 4a
2c is set at 135 °, and the fourth pin 42d is set at 180 °. The length (diameter) R between the tips of a pair of opposing pins is generally in the range of 200 to 400 mm,
It is appropriate that the pitch p between the pins is in the range of 50 to 100 mm. On the other hand, the ratio (R / r) of the length (diameter) R to the roller base diameter r is preferably in the range of 4/3 to 8/3.

It is preferable that the length of the pin 42 of the spreading roller 30 is adjustable, and the pin 42 is
As shown in FIG. 0 (C), it is composed of a column-shaped pedestal 43 protruding radially outward from the surface of the roller 41 and a bolt 44 implanted in a female screw of the pedestal. Shorten the length and use bolts 44
By pulling out, the length of the pin can be increased. Those provided with a short but adjustable length are also preferably used. In the illustrated example, a hexagonal bolt is used as the bolt, and the unraveling action of the bolt head is developed.

In the combination of the auxiliary roller 22 and the scatter roller 30 used in this embodiment, the diameter L of the auxiliary roller 22 is larger than the diameter R of the scatter roller 30, and the number of revolutions (n ₁ ) of the auxiliary roller 22 is scattered. The rotation speed (n ₂ ) of the roller 30 is set to be smaller than the rotation speed (n ₂ ), and the L / R ratio is generally 5/4 to 5
/ Is in the first range and _n 1 / a ratio of _{n 2} 1/2 to 1
It is preferable that the ratio be in the range of / 10 in order to perform smooth quantitative spraying while avoiding the occurrence of consolidation.

In FIG. 11, which shows another example of the crawler dump with the fixed amount spraying device used in the present invention, (A) is a top view, (B) is a side view, and (C) is a rear view. As in the case of FIG. 1, this crawler dumper also includes a crawler 1 for traveling on sand, a cab 2 for operating the crawler, and a loading platform 3 for loading the soil mass or granular soil improving material or aggregate. And a fixed-quantity spraying device 4 installed on the carrier. The crawler dump composed of the crawler 1, the cab 2 and the carrier 3 is known per se, and any one can be used for the purpose of the present invention. In general,
The carrier 3 is swingably provided on a frame 6 of the crawler 1 via a support shaft 5 at a rear portion thereof, and the front portion of the carrier 3 is lifted and lowered by a driving force of an engine (not shown). Although possible, the application of this example does not require lifting of the carrier.

The metering device 4 includes a belt conveyor 45 disposed at the bottom of the loading platform from the front to the rear, and a distribution mechanism 46 provided at the rear.

The belt conveyor 45 includes a front roller 47.
, A rear roller 48, and a belt 49 stretched between the rollers, and a contact plate 50 for pushing a belt-shaped material is attached to the surface of the belt 49 at regular intervals.

A shutter 51 is provided on the upper side of the delivery side of the belt conveyor 45 so as to be swingable about a fulcrum 52, so that the thickness of the material from the belt 45 is made uniform in the width direction and the supply amount is also made constant. It is adjustable to become.

When the material is conveyed by the belt conveyor 45, since the thickness of the material supplied to the spraying mechanism 46 is already constant in the width direction, the structure of the spraying mechanism 46 may be simple. In this specific example, in this specific example, a circular blade 54
Is used.

Although not shown, the driving of the belt conveyor 45 and the spraying mechanism 46 can be performed using the same motor as the motor 24 described with reference to FIG.

In the machine construction of the present invention, as described above,
As such, it is only necessary to modify the general-purpose crawler dump to attach the constant-volume spraying device, and there is an advantage that the device can be easily manufactured and attached, and no special expensive cost is required.

[Clot or granular soil improving material or aggregate] As the clay or granular soil improving material or aggregate used in the method for preventing sand from falling, the clay or granular soil conventionally used in this type of method is used. All modifiers or aggregates can be used. In general, it is preferable that the lumps or granular soil improvers or aggregates have a particle size of 5 to 50 mm, especially 10 to 30 mm. If the particle size is smaller than the above range, the effect of preventing sand from being sprayed is insufficient,
On the other hand, when the particle size is larger than the above range, there is no particular advantage due to the increase in the particle size, the amount of spraying increases and the cost increases accordingly, which is not economically preferable.

The occurrence of flying sand is closely related to the friction speed obtained from the ground surface frictional stress. Generally, the friction speed at which the sand starts to move is called the critical friction speed, and the air speed at that time is called the critical wind speed. Generally, the critical wind speed at 1m above the ground is 5
m / sec. It is considered that the critical speed of the sand varies depending on the particle size of the sand, the water content ratio, and the roughness length of the ground surface. That is, the critical friction speed is different depending on the particle size of the sand, and the relationship between the two is that the sand having a particle size of about 0.1 mm is the most mobile, and the finer or coarser particle size is based on the experimental results using the wind tunnel. Particles with a particle size are said to be difficult to move. On the other hand, the sand content tends to decrease as the water content on the sand surface increases, and the sand content decreases sharply as the water content increases, and the effect of the water content increases as the friction speed increases, especially. Becomes When the wind speed at a certain point is measured by height, a weak value is obtained near the surface of the ground, and a strong value is obtained at a high position. The roughness of the ground surface refers to the state of the ground surface contributing to a decrease in wind speed near the ground surface.

In the present invention, the use of a soil mass or a granular soil improver or an aggregate having the above-mentioned particle size increases the critical speed and reduces the wind speed near the ground surface by increasing the roughness of the ground surface. This will help to prevent flying sand. Further, the soil mass or the granular soil improving material has a higher moisture content than a normal sand surface, which also helps to prevent flying sand.

(1) Clot The clot having the above particle size can be used as the clot.
For example, for classification, podsol, brown forest soil, red soil, yellow soil, peat soil, black mud, low wetland soil, gray lowland soil, brown lowland soil, and the like are all used.

(2) Granular soil improver As the granular soil improver, a granular soil improver such as a mineral substance, an animal and plant matter, a microbial substance, a synthetic compound, a fertilizer, etc. may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Used in combination with the above earth mass.

(2-1) Mineral soil amendment materials Smectite, bentonite, zeolite, silicate, aluminosilicate, vermiculite, dawsonite, nepheline, alunite,
Examples include pearlite, gypsum, fly ash, converter sill, ferronickel sill, Kanuma earth, or a mixture thereof.

As a soil conditioner particularly suitable for the purpose of the present invention, the acid waste liquid discharged in the acid treatment step of clay and the alkaline waste liquid and / or lime discharged in the synthesis step of zeolite are mixed and neutralized. A filter cake having a certain particle size is preferably used. This soil conditioner is commercially available from Mizusawa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. under the trade name "Galeonite HK".

The acidic waste liquid produced in the acid treatment step of the clay contains basic components contained in the clay, ie, an alumina component, an alkaline earth metal component, an iron component and the like in the form of water-soluble salts. In addition, a silica component is contained in the form of an acidic sol. On the other hand, the alkaline waste liquid discharged in the zeolite synthesis step contains alkali aluminate, alkaline sol of silica, and fine particles of amorphous or crystalline zeolite. Thus, when the acidic waste liquid is neutralized with lime or the alkaline waste liquid, amorphous silica, amorphous alumina, amorphous or crystalline silica alumina or aluminosilicate (including zeolite), iron hydroxide And oxides, gypsum, etc., and most of these components are components excellent in adsorptivity such as hygroscopicity and are substantially composed of components insoluble or hardly soluble in water.

In the siliceous and / or alumina components, the primary particles are extremely fine, but these primary particles form a porous structure in which they are aggregated with each other or with other components. The structure has a high porosity. For example, JIS. A. The unit volume weight according to the 1104 method is 1.479 g / cm ³ in the case of mountain sand in a natural state, whereas 0.75 to 1.20, and preferably 0.15 to 1.20 in this aluminosilicate soil conditioner. 85 to 0.9
It is in the range of 9 g / cm ³ and is porous. For this reason, the above soil conditioner is excellent in water retention, and in the natural state, JSF. T. The water content according to the 121 method is also 80.
To 180%.

The aluminosilicate-based soil conditioner comprises 4
14 to 30% by weight of Al ₂ O ₃ , 10 to 35% by weight of SiO ₂ , 3
It is preferable from the viewpoint of the above-mentioned various characteristics that it contains Fe ₂ O ₃ of 8 to 8% by weight and an alkaline earth metal oxide of 8 to 20% by weight. In addition, it is preferable that the soil conditioner has a pH of 6 to 9 as measured as an aqueous suspension in order to prevent harm caused by acid or alkali.

The aluminosilicate-based soil conditioner can be obtained from JSF. T. Water content of 80 to 18 according to the 121 method
It is preferably 0%, particularly preferably 100 to 170%.
If the water content of the aluminosilicate soil improver is 80% or less, the particle surface becomes powdery and dust is easily generated,
On the other hand, if it is 180% or more, there is a tendency for coarse particles to be formed due to caking and non-uniformity of spraying, and also to reduce workability.

Further, this aluminosilicate-based soil improving material is described in JIS. A. The unit weight by the 1104 method is 0.
75 to 1.20, preferably 0.85 to 0.99 g
/ Cm ³ is preferable. This unit weight is
It is smaller than that of the soil mass, because of its high coarse porosity and good drainage.

The water absorption of this aluminosilicate soil improver was evaluated by the measurement method described below to be 96 to 9
8%, for example, sun parfour (100
%), Kanuma soil (104.8%), commercially available soil conditioner (9
6.4%), mountain sand (27%), field soil (47.3%),
Sea sand (24%) is a soil material that imparts water retention as compared with the values in parentheses, and its water permeability is apparent from the value of 2.8 × 10 ⁻⁴ cm / s. It also has excellent water permeability.

The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the aluminosilicate-based soil conditioner is 80 to 220 meq /
It is also characteristic that it is in the range of 100 g. The value of CEC is about 4 to 10 times that of natural mountain soil and mountain sand generally used as civil engineering materials, and is excellent in so-called fertilizer retention and retention. This is attributed to the fact that the aluminosilicate-based soil conditioner contains an ion exchange component such as zeolite (sodium aluminosilicate).

(2-2) Animal and plant soil improvement materials Animal and plant soil improvement materials include peat moss, peat, peat, humic acid materials, nitrohumic acid, processed poultry manure, earthworm dung, shell fossils, shell crushed products, etc. Is used.
The humic acid material is obtained by decomposing lignite, which has been coalified more than peat or peat, with nitric acid to produce nitrohumic acid, which is neutralized with lime, formic acid, or potassium.

(2-3) Microbial soil improver As the microbial soil improver, compost, manure, forcing compost, dried cell fertilizer and the like are used. As the composting material, a material obtained by fermenting various organic substances is used. No. In addition, as a dried cell fertilizer, yeast cultured in pulp manufacturing waste liquid, or dried scum extracted from yeast,
Excess sludge produced by purifying waste liquid from the fermentation industry, the food industry, etc. by the activated sludge method is dried.

(2-4) Synthetic compound-based soil improver As the synthetic compound-based soil improver, water-soluble organic polymers,
For example, an anionic, cationic or nonionic water-soluble organic polymer is used. Examples of the anionic polymer include sodium polyacrylate, or a copolymer of sodium polyacrylate and polyacrylamide,
Sodium polymethacrylate, sodium alginate,
Ammonium alginate, carboxymethyl starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, acrylamide-acrylic acid copolymer, maleic anhydride-vinyl ether copolymer,
Chitosan, sodium styrenesulfonate copolymer and the like are used. Cationic polymers include polyaminoalkyl (meth) acrylate, aminoalkyl (meth)
An acrylate-acrylamide copolymer, cationic starch, polyethyleneimine, polydiallylammonium halide, ionene-based polymer, chitosan and the like can be mentioned. Examples of the nonionic polymer include polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), starch, cyanated starch, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, veegum, gelatin, polyethylene glycol and the like. These synthetic compound-based soil conditioners are components for coagulating and aggregating particles such as soil, and are generally used in combination with the aforementioned soil or soil conditioners.

(2-5) Fertilizer-based soil improver As the fertilizer-based soil improver, a phosphate fertilizer such as a phosphate rock, a calcareous fertilizer such as a limestone, a siliceous fertilizer such as an ore sill, and the like are used.

(3) Aggregate The aggregate used for forming the ground such as a road is gravel,
Crushed stone, crushed concrete, etc. are used.

In the present invention, the above-mentioned soil mass or granular soil improving material or aggregate can be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds in the state having the above-mentioned particle size. It is also possible to use a mixture of seeds and a mixture of these mixtures having a fixed particle size.

For example, among the above-mentioned aluminosilicate-based soil improvers, the powder having a relatively small particle size is excellent in agglomerating action on the soil, and is used as the soil or the animal and plant soil improver. It can be mixed with microbial soil amendments, synthetic compound soil amendments, fertilizers, etc., and used in the form of granules for spraying to prevent flying sand and improve soil. Also,
When vegetation is performed simultaneously with the prevention of flying sand, plant seeds such as turf can be simultaneously contained together with fertilizer.

Suitable examples of the composition of such a composite granular soil improving material are as follows, but are not limited to this example. Ingredients Mixing examples Mixing ratio Aluminosilicate soil improver 35% by weight 30 to 100% by weight Clot 30% by weight 0 to 50% by weight Animal and plant soil improver 20% by weight 0 to 30% by weight Microbial soil improver 10% by weight 0 to 20% by weight Synthetic compound-based soil conditioner 3% by weight 0 to 5% by weight Fertilizer 1% by weight 0 to 3% by weight Plant seed 1% by weight 0 to 2% by weight

In the method for preventing flying sand according to the present invention, the above-mentioned soil mass or granular soil improving material or aggregate is generally coated on a sandy surface by one or more.
Spray so as to have an average thickness of 0 to 60 mm, especially 30 to 50 mm. When the thickness is smaller than the above range, the effect of sand-sand prevention and soil improvement is smaller than when the thickness is within the above-described range. This is disadvantageous because the effect is not increased and the construction cost is increased.

For ordinary purposes, it is sufficient to spray one layer of soil mass or granular soil amendment or aggregate on the sandy surface.
If desired, two or more layers of soil mass or granular soil improving material or aggregate can be sprayed. In the latter case, multiple layers of the soil mass or granular soil improving material or aggregate are sprayed. Can be. For example, the lower layer can be an aggregate and the upper layer can be a soil mass or a granular soil improving material, or the lower layer can be a soil improving material and the upper layer can be a soil mass.

[0073]

The present invention will be described with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is of course not limited by these examples.

[Example 1] In the present example, a crawler dump equipped with a constant-rate sprayer shown in Figs. 1 to 3 was used. As a crawler dump, the following 3.5t crawler dump (Y50, CFWR, YFW40R) which has a high carrying capacity in sandy ground and is relatively easy to procure.
It was used.

Base vehicle specifications Model C50R (YFW40R) Engine Vertical water-cooled 4-cylinder 100PS diesel Maximum loading capacity 3500kg Running speed 0-10km / h Vehicle dimensions Overall length 4185mm Overall width 2000mm Overall height 2440mm Vehicle weight 4600kg Platform dimensions Overall length 2825mm Overall width 1850mm Overall height 300mm

[0076] Quantitative sprayer Specification Dimensions Width 2300mm length 350mm height 400mm weight 200kg spraying method roller + free fall swath 1850mm spraying capacity 60 m ² / min (when spraying a thickness of 1 cm) drive system hydraulic motor roller rotation speed 10rpm (During 2 km / h running) Adjustment part Roller clearance 0-70 mm Plate height 50 ± 10 mm Roller rotation speed 10-20 rpm (during 2 km / h running)

The above fixed amount spraying device was attached to the rear part of the bed of the crawler dump, and the power was taken out from the hydraulic pump of the base vehicle through a power take-off line (a line for taking out power from the hydraulic pump). Further, by providing a speed reducer between the hydraulic motor and the spray roller, an appropriate rotation speed and torque can be obtained.

The typical composition and general properties of the aluminosilicate-based soil conditioner (Galeonite HK manufactured by Mizusawa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) used in this example are as follows. (Chemical composition) _Al 2 _O 3 13~24 _{wt% Fe 2 O 3 2~ 4 CaO} 6~13 MgO 1~ 2.8 Na 2 O 3~ 9 K 2 O 0.1~2 SO 3 13~25 SiO ₂ 15 to 36 (General properties) Appearance, shape Light yellow brown, cake-like (granular, crushed) Particle size 20 mm Soil Sandy soil (JSF M111 method, engineering classification of soil) Water content 30 to 65 % (45 ° C. dried product) Water content 80 to 180% pH 6 to 9 CEC 80 to 230 meq / 100 g Water permeability 2.8 × 10 ⁻⁴ cm / s

The sand ground targeted for the prevention of flying sand is a uniform sand having a grain size composition of the sand layer (0.074 to 2 mm) of 98.8% and a small amount of fine grains (silt, clay). And the uniformity coefficient (Uc = D ₆₀ / D ₁₀ ) was as small as 1.7.

In a wind tunnel experiment different from this construction, a thickness of 1.2 c
m, a sand of 2cm in thickness, and a particle size of 30m
m, 1000 m to 10mm and 5mm aluminosilicate soil improvement agent sprayed so that the average thickness is 1 cm, the limit wind velocity _{U 1000} (measurement height blown sand occurs from the surface
m) was measured. The limit wind speed in the case of only sand starts to move at around 5 m / s (this is called the limit speed) 12.4 m / s
In the case of spraying an aluminosilicate-based soil conditioner, on the other hand, the spray speed is 21.8 m / s or more, regardless of the particle size, and the critical speed is higher. is there. It was confirmed that it was only necessary to spray to an average thickness of about 1 cm to prevent flying sand.

When the aluminosilicate-based soil conditioner was loaded on the bed of the crawler dump and the soil conditioner was sprayed, quantitative spraying was possible, and the average thickness of the spread was 1 to 1.
It was adjustable over a range of 3 cm. Even after observation after construction,
No sand movement was observed.

[Example 2] Aluminosilicate soil was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the quantitative spraying device of the crawler dump with the quantitative spraying device used in Example 1 was changed to a screw type shown in FIG. The improved material was loaded and sprayed. The average thickness of the spray was uniform at about 3 cm, and no movement of sand was observed even after the application.

[Embodiment 3] The following fixed quantity spraying apparatus was installed on the crawler dump used in the first embodiment. Quantitative spraying equipment specifications (1) Auxiliary roller dimensions Shaft width 1850mm Pin length L 800mm Pin pitch p 200mm Shaft diameter 80mm Weight 50kg Drive system Hydraulic motor Roller rotation speed 0-50rpm (0-10km / h running) (2) Spreading roller dimensions shaft width 1850mm pin standard length R 250mm (250~350mm adjustable) pin pitch p 75 mm shaft diameter 150mm weight 300kg spraying method roller + free fall swath 1850mm spraying capacity 60 m ² / min (when spraying a thickness of 1 cm) drive Method Hydraulic motor Roller rotation speed 0 to 200 rpm (0 to 10 km / h running) Adjustment part Roller clearance 0 to 100 mm Shutter height 0 to 250 mm Pin height 50 to 100 mm

An aluminosilicate soil improving material (Galeonite HK, manufactured by Mizusawa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) having a particle size of 5 to 30 mm and a water content of 171% were loaded in a larger amount on the crawler dump than in Example 1 to improve the soil on sandy ground. Lumber was sprayed. The supply of soil conditioner to the spreading roller is stable, there is no consolidation, and the width is 1.8m,
It was possible to spray the entire amount to a constant thickness of 40 mm. For comparison, when the soil improvement material was sprayed in the same manner as above except that only the auxiliary roller was removed,
While the material was being supplied to the spreading roller, the material could be sprayed with a constant width of 1.8 m and a constant thickness of 40 mm. Material supply to the roller stopped.

[Embodiment 4] When the constant-volume sprayer shown in FIG. 11 is attached to the same crawler dump as used in Embodiment 1, the maximum loading capacity is 1.5 m ³ and the traveling speed is 1 at the maximum.
It was 0 km / h, the spraying width was 1500 mm, and the spraying ability was 30 m ² / min at the maximum. Spraying of a certain width and a certain width was possible without tilting the carrier.

[0086]

According to the present invention, by using a crawler dump equipped with a quantitative spraying device having a width approximately equivalent to the width of a vehicle, a soil mass or a granular soil improving material or an aggregate is sprayed to obtain a sandy surface. Spread the soil mass or granular soil improvement material or aggregate to a certain thickness and a certain width by machine construction,
It is possible to efficiently prevent flying sand and improve soil. In addition, a driving source of the crawler dump can be used as a driving source of the constant-volume spraying device, so that a scattered layer having a constant thickness can be always formed regardless of the traveling speed of the crawler dump. Furthermore, even when the mass of soil or soil improvement material or aggregate has a high moisture content, and is likely to cause adhesion or consolidation (solid tightness) in a loaded or transported state, these materials are reduced to a certain thickness and a certain width. It has a remarkable advantage that it is possible to apply a constant amount to the water. If a belt conveyor is used to feed the material, it is possible to perform a constant amount of spraying by running the crawler dump without lifting the bed of the crawler dump, so that a constant amount of the material can be sprayed on an inclined surface such as a slope. Benefits are played.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a top view, a side view, and a rear view of an example of a crawler dump with a fixed-quantity spraying device used for construction according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view, a top view, and a side view showing an example of a crawler dump with a fixed amount spraying device used in the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a front view and a side view of a spreading roller, and an enlarged front view and an enlarged side view of a plate.

FIG. 4 is a top view, a side view, and a rear view of another example of a crawler dump with a fixed-quantity spraying device used for construction according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a side view of another example of a crawler dump with a fixed-quantity spraying device used for construction according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a side view showing a state where the bed of the crawler dump shown in FIG. 5 is inclined.

FIG. 7 is a front view showing an example of an auxiliary roller used in the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a side view of the auxiliary roller shown in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a top view of an example of a quantitative spraying apparatus used in the present invention;
It is a front view and a side view.

FIG. 10A is a front view of an example of a spreading roller used in the present invention, FIG. 10B is a side view of FIG.
(C) is a detailed view of a pin in the spreading roller.

11 (A) is a top view, FIG. 11 (B) is a side view, and FIG. 11 (C) is a rear view of another example of the crawler dump with the fixed-quantity spraying device used in the construction of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 crawler 2 cab 3 loading platform 4 fixed quantity spreading device 5 support shaft at rear of loading platform 6 crawler frame 7 spreading roller 8 motor 9 reduction gear 10 support device 11 bearing of spreading roller 12 pillow block 13 position adjusting screw 14 angle material 15 slot Reference Signs List 16 Transfer plate 17 Fastening member (bolt / nut) 18 Scattering layer 19 Sand surface 20 Slit-like opening for spraying 21 Screw 22 Auxiliary roller 23 Quantitative spraying mechanism 24 Motor for driving quantitative spraying mechanism 25 Reduction drive mechanism 26 Deceleration drive mechanism 27 Straight Pin 28 Shaft 29 Mounting Hole 30 Spreading Roller 31 Housing 32 Adjustment Shutter 33 Mounting Arm 34 Mounting Pin 35 Carrier Tilt 36 Spreading Roller Shaft 37 Holding Bar 38 Shaft with Holding Bar 39 Bracket 40 Female Screw 41 Roller 42 pin 43 pillar-shaped pedestal 44 bolt 45 belt conveyor 46 spraying mechanism 47 front roller 48 rear roller 49 belt 50 backing plate 51 shutter 52 fulcrum 53 shaft 54 circular blade

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Yoshiharu Stockki Juichiban-cho, Nishimoto-cho, Nakajo-cho, Kitakanbara-gun, Niigata Prefecture (72) Yasunobu Aoki Juichi, Nishimoto-cho, Nakajo-cho, Kitakanbara-gun, Niigata No. 9 In the Regional Development Corporation (72) Inventor Koji Itami In the Ichiban 9th Nishimoto-cho, Nakajo-cho, Kitakanbara-gun, Niigata Prefecture Inside the Regional Promotion Corporation (72) Inventor Masahiko Hiramatsu 2-chome Shintoji, Niigata City, Niigata Prefecture No. 10 Inside Green Industry Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yoshiharu Honma 3-10 Ichibanoridoricho, Niigata City, Niigata Prefecture Fukuda Gumi Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Shinichi Goto Ichibanchioricho, Niigata City, Niigata Prefecture 3-10 Ten Fukuda Gumi (72) Inventor Takao Asazuma 3rd Ichiban Hori-dori-cho, Niigata City, Niigata Prefecture 3-10 Fukuda Gumi (72) Inventor Masao Takahashi 4 Nihonbashi Muromachi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Mizusawa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A method for preventing sand from splashing, comprising spraying a mass of soil or granular soil improving material or aggregate on a sandy surface to a certain thickness, comprising a quantitative spraying device and a speed reducer having a width substantially equivalent to the vehicle width at the rear. A method for preventing sand from flying, characterized by using a provided crawler dump to spray a soil mass or granular soil improving material or aggregate. 2. A fixed-quantity spraying device comprises a spraying means such as a spraying roller, a screw or a belt, and a driving means for driving the spraying means, wherein the driving means is simultaneously operated with the driving of the crawler. The method for preventing flying sand according to claim 1, wherein 3. The metering sprayer is mounted on a bed of a crawler dump, and has an auxiliary roller for unraveling a load of soil mass, soil improvement material, or aggregate and sending it to spraying means. The method for preventing sand from flying according to claim 2. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the soil mass or granular soil improving material contains plant seeds or fertilizer. 5. The method according to claim 5, wherein the mass of soil or granular soil improving material or aggregate is 5 or less.
5. A particle having a particle size of from 1 to 50 mm.
The method for preventing flying sand according to any one of the above. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the mass of soil or granular soil improving material or aggregate is
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the sand is sprayed to an average thickness of 0 to 60 mm.