CN112075318A

CN112075318A - Abandoned dreg site reclaimed soil matrix and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112075318A
Application number: CN202010802888.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 秦晓春; 邢云虎; 倪安辰; 康智鹏; 樊开盼; 孟秀元; 赵彦博
Original assignee: Shanxi Road And Bridge Group Yangmang Expressway Co ltd; Beijing Jiaotong University
Current assignee: Shanxi Road And Bridge Group Yangmang Expressway Co ltd; Beijing Jiaotong University
Priority date: 2020-08-11
Filing date: 2020-08-11
Publication date: 2020-12-15
Anticipated expiration: 2040-08-11
Also published as: CN112075318B

Abstract

The invention provides a soil matrix for reclamation of a refuse dump, which comprises, by mass, 40-75% of original soil, 10-50% of engineering refuse, 3-8% of organic fertilizer and 3-7% of pine needles, wherein the original soil: the engineering waste residue =1:1-4: 1. Also provides a preparation method and application thereof. The soil matrix for reclamation can effectively treat a large amount of waste residues in a waste residue field, promote the growth of plants and improve the survival rate. The natural soil, the engineering waste residues and the pine needles in the matrix form a loose and porous soil structure, which is favorable for the ventilation and the moisture transmission of the soil, the formation of aggregates in the soil and the survival and the propagation of microorganisms. The organic fertilizer can effectively improve the fertility of soil, improve the otherwise barren engineering waste residues and natural soil, provide nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matters and the like required by plant growth and development, play a role in passivating the heavy metals contained in the municipal sludge, and reduce the possible harm brought by the heavy metals in the soil. The main materials have wide sources and low cost.

Description

Abandoned dreg site reclaimed soil matrix and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of ecological restoration of a waste residue field of a highway, in particular to a method for improving a soil matrix for reclamation of the waste residue field, and also provides the soil matrix for reclamation of the waste residue field and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

Today, the land resources are increasingly in short supply, and the land protection pressure is continuously increased, the large-scale construction and planning of roads bring greater challenges to the protection of cultivated land and the promotion of intensive utilization of land. Therefore, how to control and reduce a series of land damages caused by roads and realize the recovery of the production and use capacity of the damaged land through reclamation becomes a practical problem which needs to be faced, considered, handled and solved by all the aspects of road planning design, construction and operation management. Meanwhile, the intention of land reclamation is also promoted, so that the use value of the damaged land and the damaged ecological environment are restored, and the sustainable development of an ecological system is kept.

At present, the reclamation work of the high-speed highway waste slag yard is carried out mainly by adopting a mode of stripping and storing surface soil during construction and covering the surface soil again during reclamation. For example, the Chinese patent application with publication number CN111279832A, adopts the above-mentioned method to realize land reclamation. However, after long-time storage, under the natural action of rainwater and air, the contained nutrients are greatly lost along with the increase of time, and the soil is relatively barren, so that the ecological restoration effect is poor. On the other hand, the construction of the expressway generates a large amount of engineering waste slag, occupies a large area, has low nutrient content and is difficult to dispose and directly utilize.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems of difficult reclamation, long time and large amount of engineering waste slag and difficult disposal of a waste slag field of a highway, and provides a soil matrix for reclamation based on solid waste resource utilization. The matrix has reasonable soil mechanical composition, strong water holding capacity and rich nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matters and the like.

The soil matrix for the reclamation of the waste residue field comprises, by mass, 40-75% of original soil, 10-50% of engineering waste residues, 3-8% of organic fertilizer and 3-7% of pine needles, wherein the original soil: engineering waste residue is 1:1-4: 1.

Preferably, the soil matrix for reclamation in the spoil area comprises 46-75% of original soil, 15-46% of engineering spoil, 4-7% of organic fertilizer and 3-6% of pine needles by mass percent.

Preferably, in any scheme, the soil matrix for reclamation in the spoil area comprises 68-75% of raw soil, 15-20% of engineering spoil, 4-6% of organic fertilizer and 4-6% of pine needles by mass percent.

Preferably, the particle size of the red clay is more than 80% and less than 2 mm.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, the engineering waste slag is a mixture of crushed stones and gravel generated when the construction object is a multi-stone mountain, and is engineering waste slag generated by natural objects. The main components of the engineering waste slag are limestone and shale, and the mass ratio is approximately 1: 1.

in any of the above schemes, the particle size of the engineering waste residue is preferably less than 1 cm.

Preferably, in any of the above schemes, the raw soil is preferably graded as follows: less than or equal to 0.075mm70-96%, 0.075mm 30-4%; preferably <0.002mm 10-80%, 0.002-0.005mm 1-30%, 0.005-0.01mm 3-20%, 0.01-0.075mm 3-60%, 0.075-0.25mm 0.1-5%, 0.25-0.5mm 0.01-1%, 0.5-2mm 0.01-5%, 2-20mm 0.01-25%, 0-1.5% of >20 mm.

Preferably, in any of the above schemes, the engineering slag gradation is preferably: less than 5-20% of 0.25mm, 10-30% of 0.25-0.5mm, 15-30% of 0.5-1mm, 10-30% of 1-2mm and 30-50% of 2mm-1 cm.

Any one of the above schemes preferably further comprises 5-10% of perlite and/or 5-10% of compressed straw. The compressed straws are matched with the porous structure to provide space for plant growth, and fertilizers can be provided after the compressed straws are explained; the perlite absorbs water and nutrition under the condition of sufficient water, and releases water to play a role in water retention during drought; and the graded perlite is matched with the porous structure and the compressed straw, so that the growth of the plants is further ensured to have enough growth space, and the plants cannot be drowned when the water content is excessive.

In any of the above embodiments, the perlite grade is preferably 5-20% below 0.25mm, 0.25-0.5mm 10-30%, 0.5-1mm 15-30%, 1-2mm 10-30%, 2mm-1cm 30-50%.

Any scheme above is preferred, the compressed straw length is 10-20 mm.

Preferably, in any of the schemes, the pine needles are 0.3-1 cm in length.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, the organic fertilizer is obtained by the following preparation method: and (3) air-drying the dehydrated dried chicken manure and municipal sludge according to a volume ratio of 4:1, mixing, adding a leaven, adding rice bran or corn and wheat bran into the leaven, uniformly stirring, dispersing into the prepared material, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio, controlling the pH value, adding water to adjust the water content of the chicken manure, building a pile, uniformly ventilating, turning over for 2-3 times in the fermentation process, fermenting for 7-10 days, and air-drying after preparation for use.

The preparation method of the soil matrix for the reclamation of the abandoned dreg site comprises the following steps:

(1) inspecting and screening original soil for later use;

(2) the engineering waste residue is dried in the air, crushed and screened for later use; the engineering waste residues can adjust the soil structure, increase the soil pores and facilitate the exchange of the water and air of the soil;

(2) preparing the organic fertilizer;

(4) cutting pine needles with a guillotine, and keeping the specification (length) of 0.3-1 cm for later use; the cut pine needles have the functions of loosening soil, insulating heat and preserving moisture, and can provide certain nutrients after rotting;

(5) all the raw materials are mixed according to a proportion and are uniformly stirred to prepare the soil matrix for reclamation of the waste residue field of the highway.

Preferably, when the organic fertilizer is prepared, one kilogram of leavening agent is added to every 1 to 1.5 tons of materials (materials obtained by air drying and mixing dried chicken manure and municipal sludge).

In any of the above schemes, preferably, when preparing the organic fertilizer, 5-10 kg of rice bran or one or more of corn and wheat bran is added into each kg of the leavening agent.

Any scheme above preferably, when preparing the organic fertilizer, the carbon nitrogen ratio of the fermented fertilizer is kept between (25-35): 1.

in any of the above schemes, preferably, the pH value should be controlled to be 7-8 when preparing the organic fertilizer.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, when the organic fertilizer is prepared, after the pH is adjusted and the water content of the chicken manure is adjusted by adding water, the water content of the mixture is 60-70%.

In any of the above schemes, preferably, when preparing the organic fertilizer, the prepared organic fertilizer is crushed to 100 μm by using an ultrafine jet mill.

The organic fertilizer is rich in nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, organic matters and the like, can effectively improve the fertility of soil, has very high temperature in the composting fermentation process of chicken manure, and plays roles in killing parasitic ova in sludge and sterilizing.

In a third aspect of the invention, the soil matrix or the soil matrix obtained by the method is used for land reclamation. The method can be used for land reclamation of a road (including a highway and a common road) or a railway waste residue field, land reclamation of a temporary occupied field during line construction, land reclamation of a temporary road along a line, land reclamation after stone slope construction along the line, and reclamation of construction land which can generate a large amount of waste residues such as land reclamation after mining, tunnel processing and the like.

The research result of the invention proves that the soil matrix for reclamation can effectively treat a large amount of waste residues in a waste residue field, promote the growth of plants and improve the survival rate. The natural soil, the engineering waste residues and the pine needles in the matrix form a loose and porous soil structure, so that the ventilation and the moisture transmission of the soil are facilitated, the formation of aggregates in the soil is facilitated, and the holes in the soil are also beneficial to the survival and the propagation of microorganisms. The organic fertilizer material prepared by mixing and fermenting the chicken manure and the sludge can effectively improve the fertility of soil, improve originally barren engineering waste residue and natural soil, provide nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matters and the like required by plant growth and development, and reduce the possible harm caused by heavy metals in the soil by the limestone components in the engineering waste residue which can passivate the heavy metals contained in the urban sludge. In the invention, the main materials have wide sources and low cost, and belong to a novel soil matrix for reclamation based on solid waste resource utilization.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the plant growth at 15 days after planting a plant according to a preferred embodiment of the soil substrate for spoil area reclamation of the present invention.

FIG. 2 shows the plant growth at 90 days of planting plants according to a preferred embodiment of the soil substrate for spoil area reclamation of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a graph showing variation in alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen content of a preferred embodiment of a soil substrate for spoil farm reclamation according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change in the rapid-acting phosphorus content of a preferred embodiment of the soil substrate for spoil reclamation according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a graph showing the change in the rapid-acting potassium content of the preferred embodiment of the soil substrate for spoil reclamation according to the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a graph of organic matter content change of a preferred embodiment of a soil substrate for spoil area reclamation according to the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a graph showing a change in pH value of a preferred embodiment of the soil substrate for spoil area reclamation according to the present invention.

In fig. 3-7, the ratio is the soil-rock ratio; x represents planting alfalfa; h represents amorpha fruticosa.

Detailed Description

For a more accurate and clear understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings, which are, however, not to be taken in a limiting sense.

The invention relates to 'raw soil', which refers to soil stripped during construction, and comprises clay, such as red clay. The percentages referred to in the present invention are, unless otherwise specified, percentages by mass.

Example 1(J1)

The embodiment provides a soil matrix for reclamation of a waste residue field of a highway, which comprises the following components: 73.6 percent of red clay, 18.4 percent of engineering waste slag, 3 percent of organic fertilizer and 5 percent of pine needle.

The red clay and the engineering waste slag are taken from a python high-speed cloud grinding ditch waste slag field in Yangcheng city of Shanxi province, and are screened and air-dried for later use. The basic physicochemical properties of the red clay are that the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 80mg/kg, the content of quick-acting phosphorus is 6.6mg/kg, the content of quick-acting potassium is 68mg/kg, the content of organic matters is 13.4g/kg, the PH is 7.01, and the medium-grade composition of the red clay is as follows:<0.002mm 71.59%, 0.002-0.005mm 9.82%, 0.005-0.01mm 11.44%, 0.01-0.075mm 4.22%, 0.075-0.25mm 0.1%, 0.25-0.5mm 0.17%, 0.5-2mm 2.33%, 2-20mm 0.33%, soil volume weight of 1.6g/cm³. The basic physicochemical properties of the engineering waste slag comprise 9.8mg/Kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 2.3mg/Kg of quick-acting phosphorus, 14.1mg/Kg of quick-acting potassium, 0.3g/Kg of organic matter, 7.63 of PH, 12 percent of the engineering waste slag with the particle size ratio of less than or equal to 0.25mm, 11 percent of the engineering waste slag with the particle size ratio of 0.25-0.5mm, 19 percent of the engineering waste slag with the particle size ratio of 0.5-1mm, 20 percent of the engineering waste slag with the particle size of 1-2mm, 38 percent of the engineering waste slag with the particle size of 2-1 cm and 3.2g/cm of the engineering³. Chicken manure is recovered from Yangcheng livestockThe method is characterized in that the municipal sludge is sourced from sewage treatment plants in Yangcheng, and the pine needles are taken from pine forest near the high-speed 1# mark of the Yang python.

The preparation method of the soil matrix comprises the following steps:

(1) screening the red clay for later use;

(2) preparing the organic fertilizer;

(5) and (3) mixing the raw materials obtained in the steps (1) to (4) according to a ratio, and uniformly stirring to prepare the soil matrix for the reclamation of the highway spoil area.

The preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: and (3) air-drying the dehydrated dried chicken manure and municipal sludge according to a volume ratio of 4:1, mixing, adding a leaven, adding rice bran or corn and wheat bran into the leaven, uniformly stirring, dispersing into the prepared material, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio, controlling the pH value, adding water to adjust the water content of the chicken manure, building a pile, uniformly ventilating, turning over for 2-3 times in the fermentation process, fermenting for 7-10 days, and air-drying after preparation for use.

When preparing the organic fertilizer, adding one kilogram of leavening agent into every 1-1.5 tons of materials (materials obtained by airing and mixing dry chicken manure and municipal sludge), and adding 5 kilograms of air-dried bran into every kilogram of leavening agent, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermented fertilizer is kept between (25-35): 1, controlling the pH value to be 7-8, adjusting the pH value, adding water to adjust the water content of the chicken manure, and controlling the water content of the mixture to be 60-70%. And finally, crushing the prepared organic fertilizer into 100 microns by using an ultrafine jet mill.

Example 2.1(J2)

Different from the embodiment 1, the soil matrix comprises, by mass, 72% of red clay, 18% of engineering waste residues, 5% of organic fertilizer and 5% of cut pine needles.

Example 2.2(J3)

Different from the embodiment 1, the soil matrix consists of 69.6 percent of red clay, 17.4 percent of engineering waste slag, 8 percent of organic fertilizer and 5 percent of cut pine needles according to mass percentage.

Example 2.3(J4)

Different from the embodiment 1, the soil matrix consists of 69% of red clay, 23% of engineering waste residues, 3% of organic fertilizer and 5% of cut pine needles in percentage by mass.

Example 2.4(J5)

Different from the embodiment 1, the soil matrix comprises 67.5 percent of red clay, 22.5 percent of engineering waste slag, 5 percent of organic fertilizer and 5 percent of cut pine needles by mass percent.

Example 2.5(J6)

Different from the embodiment 1, the soil matrix consists of 65.25 percent of red clay, 21.75 percent of engineering waste residues, 8 percent of organic fertilizer and 5 percent of cut pine needles according to mass percentage.

Example 2.6(J7)

Different from the embodiment 1, the soil matrix consists of 61.34 percent of red clay, 30.67 percent of engineering waste slag, 3 percent of organic fertilizer and 5 percent of cut pine needles according to mass percentage.

Example 2.7(J8)

Different from the embodiment 1, the soil matrix comprises 60% of red clay, 30% of engineering waste slag, 5% of organic fertilizer and 5% of cut pine needles by mass percent.

Example 2.8(J9)

Different from the embodiment 1, the soil matrix consists of 58% of red clay, 29% of engineering waste residues, 8% of organic fertilizer and 5% of cut pine needles in percentage by mass.

Example 2.9(J10)

Different from the embodiment 1, the soil matrix consists of 46% of red clay, 46% of engineering waste residues, 3% of organic fertilizer and 5% of cut pine needles in percentage by mass.

Example 2.10(J11)

Different from the embodiment 1, the soil matrix comprises, by mass, 45% of red clay, 45% of engineering waste residues, 5% of organic fertilizer and 5% of cut pine needles.

Example 2.11(J12)

Different from the embodiment 1, the soil matrix consists of 43.5 percent of red clay, 43.5 percent of engineering waste slag, 8 percent of organic fertilizer and 5 percent of cut pine needles according to mass percentage.

Comparative example K1

Different from the embodiment 1, the soil matrix consists of 76% of red clay, 19% of engineering waste residues, 0% of organic fertilizer and 5% of cut pine needles in percentage by mass.

Comparative example K2

Different from the embodiment 1, the soil matrix consists of 71.25 percent of red clay, 23.75 percent of engineering waste residues, 0 percent of organic fertilizer and 5 percent of cut pine needles according to mass percentage.

Comparative example K3

Different from the embodiment 1, the soil matrix consists of 63.33 percent of red clay, 31.67 percent of engineering waste residues, 0 percent of organic fertilizer and 5 percent of cut pine needles according to the mass percentage.

Comparative example K4

Different from the embodiment 1, the soil matrix consists of 47.5 percent of red clay, 47.5 percent of engineering waste slag, 0 percent of organic fertilizer and 5 percent of cut pine needles according to the mass percentage.

Comparative example K5

Different from the embodiment 1, the soil matrix consists of 95% of red clay, 0% of engineering waste residues, 0% of organic fertilizer and 5% of cut pine needles in percentage by mass.

Comparative example K6

Different from the embodiment 1, the soil matrix consists of 0% of red clay, 95% of engineering waste residues, 0% of organic fertilizer and 5% of cut pine needles in percentage by mass.

Soil matrix planting effect

Planting experiments were performed using the reclamation soil substrate of all the above examples and comparative examples. The alfalfa and the amorpha fruticosa are planted in each group respectively, and the planting is repeated twice. The number of seeds sowed in each pot is 100 +/-5.

Watering is carried out once a day after the initial seeds are sowed, the seeds are shielded by non-woven fabrics to resist hot days, and watering is stopped after 15 days to simulate plant growth under natural conditions.

The germination of each component sample was started in succession approximately 7 days after sowing, and the number of sprouts was counted 15 and 90 days after sowing, respectively, and the results are shown in fig. 1 and 2.

As seen from the comparative examples K1-K6, the best germination was observed in the case of the group plants using all the natural soil, the number of sprouts was 65, the mixing ratio was 4:1, the next, the number of sprouts was 55, the mixing ratios were 3:1, 2:1, and 1:1, the number of sprouts was 38, 46, and 40, and the effects of all the components using the engineering waste residues were the worst, and the number of sprouts was only 7. It can be preliminarily concluded that the growth of the plants is greatly influenced by the mixing ratio of soil and waste residues, and the content of waste residues is negatively correlated with the growth of the plants.

According to the sprouting results of J1-J12 after half a month, the first five sprouting groups of the chicken manure group are J10, J2, J3, J8 and J1 in sequence, and the number of the groups is 170, 165, 151, 130 and 115 respectively. Compared with the blank group, the growth promotion effect of the applied chicken manure on the number of plants is increased by 75 to 269 percent, and the growth and the germination of the plants are promoted. From the application amount, the effect of applying 5% of chicken manure is relatively better, and 8% and 3% are the second.

Through planting experiments, the environment-friendly matrix for reclamation is fully proved to be beneficial to the growth of plants and plays a role in promoting.

Physical property change of environment-friendly reclamation matrix

(1) The particle size of the mixture of soil and ballast was measured, and the results showed that the environmentally friendly reclamation substrate of example 1 had a particle size ratio of 32% or less at 0.25mm, 17% at 0.25-0.5mm, 19% at 0.5-1mm, 13% at 1-2mm, and 19% at 2mm-1 cm.

Compared with the grain size of the engineering waste residue, the proportion of the sticky grains and the powder grains is greatly increased, the proportion of the gravel is reduced, the increase of the sticky grains and the powder grains is beneficial to ion exchange and expansion in soil, the formation of granular structures in the soil is promoted, and the water and fertilizer retention is facilitated.

(2) By K₂SO₄The reclaimed soil matrix and red clay of example 1 were subjected to the moisture constant measurement, respectively, and the results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 variation of moisture constant

Species of	Field Water holding Capacity (%)	Wilting water capacity (%)
			Red clay	26.1	5.1
Environment-friendly reclamation matrix	25.3	5.8

As can be seen from Table 1, compared with natural red clay, the water holding capacity of the environment-friendly reclamation matrix field is slightly reduced, the wilting water holding capacity is slightly increased, and the change of the effective value of water in the soil is not large, so that the environment-friendly reclamation matrix field is very close to the natural soil.

(3) The chemical property of the environment-friendly reclamation matrix is changed.

The environment-friendly reclamation matrices of examples 1, 2.1 to 2.11 of the present invention were subjected to nutrient content measurement using a soil nutrient tachymeter, and the results are shown in fig. 3 to 7. As can be seen, compared with red clay, the content of alkaline decomposed nitrogen in the nutrient substances is increased by 40.4-82.1%, the content of available phosphorus is increased by 86.4-237.9%, the content of available potassium is increased by 79.4-102.1%, and the content of organic substances is increased by 54.1-69.8%. The addition of the organic fertilizer obviously increases the fertility of the soil, promotes the absorption of plants to nutrients from the aspect of plant growth effect, and increases the content of organic matters in the soil.

In the environment-friendly reclamation substrate, the pH value in the soil is increased, which is related to the continuous release and decomposition of organic fertilizers and the activity enhancement of microorganisms in the soil. In addition, the increase of the pH value is also beneficial to the storage capacity and the water retention capacity of the soil.

In conclusion, the matrix for the reclamation of the waste residue field, which takes the red clay, the engineering waste residues, the organic fertilizer and the pine needles as main raw materials, can effectively promote the growth of plants, improves the structure of soil by adding the engineering waste residues, increases the pores in the soil, is favorable for ventilation and moisture transmission, increases the contents of nutrient substances such as alkaline nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium, organic matters and the like in the soil by the organic fertilizer, increases the pH value in the soil, and combines the results that the volume ratio of the red clay to the engineering waste residues is 4:1, the environment-friendly substrate for the reclamation of the abandoned dreg site, which is composed of 3-8% of organic fertilizer added by mass and 5% of broken pine needles, can effectively solve the problems that the soil of the abandoned dreg site is barren and a large amount of engineering abandoned dreg is difficult to treat, realizes the reutilization of solid waste, and has important significance for ecological environmental protection in highways.

Example 3.1

In contrast to example 1, 5 kg of rice bran per kg of starter was added to the organic fertilizer.

Example 3.2

In contrast to example 1, 5 kg of corn was added per kg of starter in the organic fertilizer.

Example 3.3

Different from the embodiment, in the organic fertilizer, 6 kg of rice bran, corn and wheat bran are added into each kg of leavening agent, and each kg of rice bran, corn bran and wheat bran are added into each kg of leavening agent.

Example 3.4

Different from the embodiment, in the organic fertilizer, 6 kg of rice bran and corn are added in each kg of leavening agent, and each three kg of rice bran and corn are added.

The results show that the fermentation can be effectively promoted by adding 5-10 kg of rice bran and corn or mixing the rice bran and the corn.

Example 4.1

Different from the above embodiment, the red clay adopts the gradation: 13.64% of <0.002mm, 2.26% of 0.002-0.005mm, 4.64% of 0.005-0.01mm, 55.15% of 0.01-0.075mm, 0.075-0.25mm, 0.53% of 0.25-0.5mm, 0.24% of 0.5-2mm, 1.66% of 2-20mm, 20.68% of >20mm and 1.2% of >20 mm.

Example 4.2

Different from the above embodiment, the red clay adopts the gradation: 55.27% of <0.002mm, 10.47% of 0.002-0.005mm, 6.28% of 0.005-0.01mm, 18.95% of 0.01-0.075mm, 4.1% of 0.075-0.25mm, 0.9% of 0.25-0.5mm, 1.03% of 0.5-2mm and 3% of 2-20 mm.

Example 4.3

Different from the above embodiment, the red clay adopts the gradation: <0.002mm 28.37%, 0.002-0.005mm 29.42%, 0.005-0.01mm 18.91%, 0.01-0.075mm 22.28%, 0.075-0.25mm 0.63%, 0.25-0.5mm 0.19%, 0.5-2mm 0.17%, 2-20mm 0.03%.

Example 4.4

Different from the above embodiment, the red clay adopts the gradation: <0.002mm 53.97%, 0.002-0.005mm 21.96%, 0.005-0.01mm 11.50%, 0.01-0.075mm 11.67%, 0.075-0.25mm 0.3%, 0.25-0.5mm 0.2%, 0.5-2mm 0.27%, 2-20mm 0.13%.

Example 4.5

Different from the above embodiment, the red clay adopts the gradation: 45.98% of <0.002mm, 25.32% of 0.002-0.005mm, 12.66% of 0.005-0.01mm, 11.61% of 0.01-0.075mm, 0.075-0.25mm, 0.25-0.5mm, 0.2%, 0.5-2mm, 0% of 2-20mm and 4.23%.

Example 4.6

Different from the above embodiment, the red clay adopts the gradation: <0.002mm 50.02%, 0.002-0.005mm 21.94%, 0.005-0.01mm 10.45%, 0.01-0.075mm 14.73%, 0.075-0.25mm 0.27%, 0.25-0.5mm 0.13%, 0.5-2mm 0.27%, 2-20mm 2.19%.

Example 4.7

Different from the above embodiment, the red clay adopts the gradation: 55.85 percent <0.002mm, 13.57 percent 0.002-0.005mm, 6.26 percent 0.005-0.01mm, 22.11 percent 0.01-0.075mm, 0.075-0.25mm, 0.57 percent 0.25-0.5mm, 0.23 percent 0.5-2mm, 1.4 percent 2-20mm and 0.01 percent 2-20 mm.

Example 4.8

Different from the above embodiment, the red clay adopts the gradation: <0.002mm 58.89%, 0.002-0.005mm 6.37%, 0.005-0.01mm 7.18%, 0.01-0.075mm 19.70%, 0.075-0.25mm 5.64%, 0.25-0.5mm 0.02%, 0.5-2mm 2.03%, 2-20mm 0.17%.

Example 4.9

Different from the above embodiment, the red clay adopts the gradation: <0.002mm 61.69%, 0.002-0.005mm 6.22%, 0.005-0.01mm 4.15%, 0.01-0.075mm 11.41%, 0.075-0.25mm 0.27%, 0.25-0.5mm 2.46%, 0.5-2mm 1.51%, 2-20mm 11.32%, 0.97% of >20mm 0.97%.

Example 4.10

Different from the above embodiment, the red clay adopts the gradation: <0.002mm 73.22%, 0.002-0.005mm 7.37%, 0.005-0.01mm 4.21%, 0.01-0.075mm 6.32%, 0.075-0.25mm 0.59%, 0.25-0.5mm 0.86%, 0.5-2mm 1.24%, 2-20mm 6.19%.

Example 4.11

Different from the above embodiment, the red clay adopts the gradation: <0.002mm 69.59%, 0.002-0.005mm 7.38%, 0.005-0.01mm 6.33%, 0.01-0.075mm 9.49%, 0.075-0.25mm 2.11%, 0.25-0.5mm 0.67%, 0.5-2mm 1.12%, 2-20mm 3.31%.

Example 5.1

Engineering waste residues adopt grading: <0.25mm 6.23%, 0.25-0.5mm 14.72%, 0.5-1mm 22.05%, 1-2mm 22%, 2mm-1cm 35%.

Example 5.2

Engineering waste residues adopt grading: <0.25mm 5%, 0.25-0.5mm 18%, 0.5-1mm 22%, 1-2mm 10%, 2mm-1cm 45%.

Example 5.3

Engineering waste residues adopt grading: <0.25mm 20%, 0.25-0.5mm 10%, 0.5-1mm 15%, 1-2mm 15%, 2mm-1cm 40%.

The results show that the plant growth condition is very good by adopting the red clay and the engineering waste residues with gradation.

Example 6.1

Unlike example 1, this example also included perlite 5%. The gradation is as follows: <0.25mm 20%, 0.25-0.5mm 10%, 0.5-1mm 15%, 1-2mm 15%, 2mm-1cm 40%.

Example 6.2

Unlike example 6.1, this example also included 8% perlite.

Example 6.3

Unlike example 6.1, this example also included perlite 10%.

Example 6.4

Unlike example 6.1, the perlite grading of this example is <0.25mm 5%, 0.25-0.5mm 18%, 0.5-1mm 22%, 1-2mm 10%, 2mm-1cm 45%.

Example 6.5

In contrast to example 6.1, the perlite grading of this example is: <0.25mm 6.23%, 0.25-0.5mm 14.72%, 0.5-1mm 22.05%, 1-2mm 22%, 2mm-1cm 35%.

Example 6.6

Different from the embodiment 6.1, the embodiment also comprises 5% of compressed straw; the length of the compressed straw is 10-20 mm.

Example 6.7

Different from the embodiment 6.6, the embodiment also comprises 7 percent of compressed straws, and the length of the compressed straws is 10-20 mm.

Example 6.8

Different from the embodiment 6.6, the embodiment also comprises 10 percent of compressed straws, and the length of the compressed straws is 10-20 mm.

For reasons of brevity, the mixing combination of perlite and compressed straw will not be described in detail herein, but this should not be construed as excluding the scope of the present invention.

Examples 6.1-6.8 are applicable to various environments and can achieve good plant growth conditions, and examples 6.1 and 6.3 are particularly applicable to arid soils.

The soil matrix is applied to land reclamation. The method can be used for land reclamation of highways (including expressways and common highways) or railway refuse dumps, land reclamation of temporary occupied sites during construction along a line, land reclamation of temporary roads along a line, land reclamation after construction of rocky slopes along a line, and land reclamation after mining of mines.

The growth of the plants only takes alfalfa (herbaceous plants) and amorpha fruticosa (shrubs) as examples, and similar results can be obtained for most plants.

It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. The soil matrix for the reclamation of the abandoned dreg site comprises, by mass, 40-75% of original soil, 10-50% of engineering abandoned dreg, 3-8% of organic fertilizer and 3-7% of pine needle, wherein the original soil: engineering waste residues =1:1-4: 1; preferably comprises 46-75% of raw soil, 15-46% of engineering waste residues, 4-7% of organic fertilizer and 3-6% of pine needles, or preferably comprises 68-75% of raw soil, 15-20% of engineering waste residues, 4-6% of organic fertilizer and 4-6% of pine needles.

2. The soil matrix for reclamation as set forth in claim 1, wherein: most of the red clay particle sizes are less than 2 mm; preferably, the engineering waste slag is a mixture of crushed stones and gravels generated when the construction object is a multi-stone mountain, and is engineering waste slag generated by natural objects; preferably, the grain size of the engineering waste residue is less than 1 cm; or the original soil gradation is preferably: 70-96% with the thickness less than or equal to 0.075mm and 30-4% with the thickness 0.075 mm; preferably <0.002mm 10-80%, 0.002-0.005mm 1-30%, 0.005-0.01mm 3-20%, 0.01-0.075mm 3-60%, 0.075-0.25mm 0.1-5%, 0.25-0.5mm 0.01-1%, 0.5-2mm 0.01-5%, 2-20mm 0.01-25%, 0-1.5% of >20 mm; the grading of the engineering waste residue is preferably as follows: <0.25mm5-20%, 0.25-0.5mm 10-30%, 0.5-1mm 15-30%, 1-2mm 10-30%, 2mm-1cm 30-50%.

3. The soil matrix for reclamation as set forth in claim 2, wherein: also comprises 5 to 10 percent of perlite and/or 5 to 10 percent of compressed straw; preferably, the length of the compressed straw is 10-20 mm; the preferred perlite grading is preferably as follows: 5-20% of <0.25mm, 10-30% of 0.25-0.5mm, 15-30% of 0.5-1mm, 10-30% of 1-2mm and 30-50% of 2mm-1 cm.

4. The soil matrix for reclamation as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the length of the pine needles is 0.3-1 cm.

5. The soil matrix for reclamation as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the organic fertilizer is obtained by the following preparation method: and (3) air-drying the dehydrated dried chicken manure and municipal sludge according to a volume ratio of 4:1, mixing, adding a leaven, adding rice bran or corn and wheat bran into the leaven, uniformly stirring, dispersing into the prepared material, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio, controlling the pH value, adding water to adjust the water content of the chicken manure, uniformly stacking and ventilating, turning over for 2-3 times in the fermentation process, fermenting for 7-10 days, and air-drying after preparation for use.

6. The method for preparing the soil substrate for the reclamation of the spoil area of any one of claims 1 to 5 comprises the following steps:

(1) screening the raw soil for later use;

(2) the engineering waste residue is dried in the air, crushed and screened for later use;

(2) preparing the organic fertilizer;

(4) cutting pine needles into pieces with a guillotine, and keeping the length of the pine needles to be 0.3-1 cm for later use;

(5) and mixing all the raw materials according to a ratio, and uniformly stirring to obtain the soil matrix for the reclamation of the waste residue field of the highway.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein: when preparing the organic fertilizer, adding one kilogram of leaven into the material which is obtained by airing and mixing 1 to 1.5 tons of dried chicken manure and municipal sludge; preferably, 5-10 kg of rice bran or one or more of corn and wheat bran is/are added into each kg of the leavening agent; preferably, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermented fertilizer is kept between (25 and 35): 1; when the organic fertilizer is preferably prepared, the pH value is controlled to be 7-8.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein: when preparing organic fertilizer, after adjusting pH and adding water to adjust chicken manure moisture, the mixture water content is 60-70%, preferably when preparing organic fertilizer, the prepared organic fertilizer is pulverized to 100 μm by using an ultrafine jet mill.

9. Use of a soil substrate for reclamation of spoil sites obtainable by the method of claims 1 to 5 or 6 to 8 for land reclamation.

10. The use of claim 9, wherein: the land reclamation comprises land reclamation of a road or railway refuse dump, land reclamation of a temporary occupied land during construction along a line, land reclamation of a temporary road along the line, land reclamation after construction of a stone side slope along the line and land reclamation after mining.