JPH11311434A - Structure for natural ventilating construction for independent residence and natural ventilation system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the structure of natural ventilating construction for an independent residence and a natural ventilation system. SOLUTION: A building having a vertical hole unit penetrating through an upper floor and a lower floor is provided with air supplying ports, installed in respective rooms of respective floors to supply air from the outside of the building, exhaust grilles, provided in the ceiling of respective rooms in the upper floor, ventilating ports from respective rooms in the lower floor into the ventilating passage utilizing the vertical hole unit, a suction grille provided on the ceiling of the vertical hole unit. In this case, an exhaust chamber 6 is provided in a garret above the suction grille, a garret ventilating ports and ventilation ports are provided on a ridge while the exhaust grille is connected to the exhaust chamber 6 through a duct and the duct is provided above the exhaust chamber 6 to the center of the garret.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a structure of a natural ventilation building in a low-rise house and a natural ventilation system using the same. In particular, in order to use the building structure itself as a ventilation path,
Space saving and low cost can be realized.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional residential ventilation systems include:
There are a central ventilation system directly connected to ducts and a ventilation system using preheated air supply.The central ventilation system directly connected to ducts uses a gap in the air supply path and constantly exhausts air from a washroom, bath, toilet, etc. with a ventilation fan, or a duct. This is a ventilation system that discharges indoor polluted air by connecting to a chimney as a ventilation path. In addition, the preheating air supply ventilation system is mainly used for houses with basic insulation floors for cold districts. There are two types of outside air intake methods, a method using the underfloor space as an air supply path, and a centralized ventilation port There is a method of taking in outside air using a ceiling via a preheating room. In addition, both the indoor air circulation and the exhaust method are based on the control by a fan.

[0003]

In the above two types of proposals, the duct-directed centralized ventilation system allows natural ventilation of the house, but does not use the structure of the building itself as ventilation equipment, and the duct is a ventilation path. Is connected from each room to the chimney, and the contaminated air from washrooms, baths and toilets, which are generally concentrated on the lower floors, is directly ducted from the exhaust port to the chimney, so duct members and duct space are required At the same time, the duct work becomes difficult and the installation cost becomes high.

[0004] Further, a ventilation system utilizing preheating air supply using an underfloor space as an air supply path cannot be used except for a basic insulated floor for cold regions, and it is necessary to secure a preheating room in a preheating room and a ceiling use method. Becomes Therefore, the planar freedom of the building is reduced due to structural restrictions. Furthermore, the air supply route is provided for warming measures in cold regions, and there is a problem that the utility is low in relatively warm regions south of the Tohoku region. The present invention focuses on such conventional problems. The purpose of the present invention is to use the structure of the building itself as a ventilation path, thereby rationalizing the ventilation equipment in each room, reducing the installation cost, and achieving a relatively warm environment. It can be installed in various areas.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, the structure of a natural ventilation building for a detached house according to the present invention comprises:
Air supply openings are provided in the outdoor walls of the upper and lower floors to take in fresh air outside, and exhaust grills are installed on the ceiling of each room on the upper floor. By providing a suction grill on the ceiling, a ventilation path is formed. Also, in order to efficiently exhaust the indoor air in the building by natural action, an exhaust chamber that concentrates the ventilation flow in the building on the back of the suction grill upper hut, and a duct extending to the center of the hut behind the exhaust chamber, Ventilation openings will be provided in the wing and ventilation openings will be provided on the outside wall of the hut. Furthermore, the gist is that the exhaust grill and the exhaust chamber are connected by a duct.

Further, the structure of the natural ventilation building for a detached house according to the present invention is characterized in that a fan or a damper and an air flow sensor are provided in the exhaust chamber.

Further, in the natural ventilation system according to the present invention, a fan and / or a damper and an air flow sensor are provided in the exhaust chamber, the room passes through the upper and lower floors from the outside of the building, and the exhaust grill passes through the duct at the upper part of the exhaust chamber. The main point is to artificially adjust the ventilation volume due to natural effects such as indoor / outdoor temperature difference and external wind force that pass through the ventilation holes of the ridge or the back of the hut.

[0008]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the structure of a naturally ventilated building for a detached house according to the present invention, the pits penetrating the upper and lower floors include a staircase and a stairwell, and the present invention provides a ventilation path from each room to the building. The pit portion of the building is used. The outside air intake of each room installed on the upper and lower floors to take in fresh air from the outside generally has a through hole for air intake formed on the outer wall and a simple air supply inlet is fitted in many cases (FIG. 2).
(A)) Alternatively, a sash ventilation frame can be used (FIG. 2 (b)). In addition, since the ventilation flow changes depending on the position, it is preferable to provide the ventilation flow at a position suitable for the area in consideration of the indoor / outdoor temperature difference, the outside air volume, and the like. In addition, between the living room on the first floor and the pit portion, a ventilation opening such as a door undercut or a rag is provided so that the ventilation grill provided on the ceiling of the pit portion can ventilate the living room on the first floor.

It is preferable to use a heat-insulating material for the exhaust chamber behind the upper hut of the suction grill in order to prevent the material from becoming hot. In addition, it is preferable that the lower duct connecting the exhaust grill and the exhaust chamber and the upper duct installed above the exhaust chamber are made of a heat-insulating material. Further, by using a lightweight metal or the like for the exhaust chamber and the ventilation port, it is possible to reduce the weight of the natural ventilation system.

[0010]

[Embodiment 1] A structure of a naturally ventilated building for a detached house according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 are structural views of a naturally ventilated building for a detached house according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of a naturally ventilated building for a detached house. FIG. 2, FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of the air supply port, FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the ventilation system at the back of the hut, and FIG.
It is a graph which shows the measurement result over a day.

In FIG. 1, (1) is an air supply port for taking in fresh outdoor air into each room on the upper and lower floors, (2) is an exhaust grill provided on the ceiling of each room on the upper floor, (3) is a ventilation passage using a pit,
(4) is a vent to the ventilation hole using the pit, (5) is a suction grill provided on the ceiling of the pit, (6) is an exhaust chamber,
(7) is a building, (7a) and (7b) are ventilation openings, (8) is a duct, and (9) is a vaulted ventilation opening.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, in a detached house having a pit, as shown in FIG. 1, the lower floor is a ventilation path passing through the pit from the air supply opening to the ridge or the back wall of the hut. The present invention relates to the structure of a naturally ventilated building for a detached house having a ventilation path that passes from an air supply opening to the ridge or the back wall of a hut through each room ceiling.

The air supply port (1) of this embodiment uses a circular air supply port having a diameter of about 10 cm as shown in FIG. 2 (a). By installing a filter, pollutants and dust from the outside can be contaminated. Substances can be removed. In addition, in each room on the upper floor, there is no vent hole to the pit portion, and an exhaust grill (2) is provided at the ceiling position of each room near the intake grill (5). The exhaust grill (2) is provided with an air volume adjusting function such as a louver so that each room can be individually adjusted to an appropriate ventilation air volume.

In order to secure a ventilation path from each room on the first floor to the pit, a gap is provided at the lower end of the door to provide a ventilation opening (4).
And In addition, a suction grill (5)
And an exhaust chamber (6) behind the hut,
Both are connected. A lower duct (8) having a diameter of about 100 mm is provided between the exhaust grill (2) and the exhaust chamber (6).
a). In addition, as shown in FIG.
An opening is provided in the lower roof base over a width of 40 to 50 mm,
The building has ventilation openings (7a) and (7b). Furthermore, the upper duct (8
b) is installed to the center of the hut to release the indoor air, and a hood back vent (9) is provided on the outer wall of the hut to form a ventilation path to the outside of the building by using the entire hut as a ventilation path. I have.

In a building having the above structure, buoyancy and wind force generated by a temperature difference between the inside and outside of the building draws indoor air from the ventilation opening of the building, and the air from the pit portion of the building and the exhaust grill of the second floor living room. Is sucked out, and outside air is introduced from an air supply port on the lower floor. Therefore, since the air in each room naturally passes through the building pit or the exhaust grill to the building or the back of the hut, an effective natural ventilation type house can be provided. In addition, the final ventilation port to the outdoor (7a) (7
b) is formed on both sides of the ridge and is not affected by the wind direction. Further, since the wind flows along the roof, a suction effect by a negative pressure is generated. 4 (a) to 4 (c) show the results of actually measuring the ventilation volume over 5 days using this structure. (A) is a graph showing an outdoor wind speed, (b) is a graph showing a comparison between an outside air temperature and an average room temperature, and (c) is a graph showing a ventilation air volume every one hour. As described above, the ventilation air volume of the present invention fluctuates with the fluctuation of the temperature and the wind speed (90 to 160 m ³ / h), but the generally required ventilation frequency is 0.35 to 0.5 times / h.
(In the case of a house with a floor area of 120 m ² ) is secured.
Therefore, by using the building structure as in the present embodiment, it is possible to cover a necessary ventilation volume by natural ventilation.

Embodiment 2 A second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
This will be described with reference to FIGS. This embodiment is similar to the first embodiment.
Except for providing a fan (10) and an air flow sensor (11) as shown in FIG. 5 in the exhaust chamber (6) described above,
It has a structure similar to that of the first embodiment.
If the building structure of this embodiment is used, the airflow sensor (1
The control unit (not shown) determines whether the signal received in 1) is the optimal ventilation volume, and automatically turns ON / OFF the operation.
Can be done. In addition to automatically obtaining the optimal ventilation as described above, it is also possible to set and adjust ON / OFF or the intensity of the ventilation with a switch of the fan according to the occupant's preference. FIGS. 6A and 6B are graphs showing measurement results of the ventilation amount over five days using the building structure of the present embodiment. During the five days, two fan runs were performed in the vicinity of noon of the day, and 100m
It is adjusted so that the ventilation air volume is not less than ³ / h.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the change of the annual variation of the ventilation volume. In this manner, the fan is operated when the air volume in the summer and the middle period is small, and as a result, the required ventilation volume is secured. .

Embodiment 3 A third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
A description will be given based on FIGS. This embodiment is similar to the second embodiment.
This embodiment has the same structure as that of the second embodiment except that a damper (12) is provided as shown in FIG. 8 instead of the fan (10). If the building structure of this embodiment is used, it is possible to obtain an optimum air volume by adjusting the angle of the damper (12) stepwise when the external air volume is large. FIG. 9 is a graph showing annual measured values of ventilation using the building structure of the present embodiment. Excessive ventilation can be suppressed by controlling the damper (12) in the middle of winter and when the wind is strong. It has become possible.

Embodiment 4 A fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
This will be described with reference to FIGS. In the present embodiment, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 0, in the exhaust chamber (6) of the first embodiment,
The present invention relates to a natural ventilation system in which a fan (10), an air flow sensor (11), and a damper (12) are provided, and both of them are controlled according to ventilation air flow to adjust natural ventilation. As shown in FIG. 11, an optimum ventilation is obtained by using both the fan (10) and the damper (12). Also, according to the air volume at that time,
When the wind is strong, the damper (12) opens and closes automatically to suppress excessive ventilation, and when the wind is light, the fan (10) is automatically driven to maintain the required ventilation, enabling fine ventilation control. Become. It is also possible to increase the ventilation according to the resident's preference.

[0019]

According to the present invention, each room is provided with an air supply port for introducing fresh air from the outside, an exhaust grill connecting the room and the back of the hut on the ceiling of each room on the upper floor, and a room on each lower room. By providing ventilation holes from each room to the pit portion ventilation path, it is possible to make the ventilation volume of each room and the whole almost constant, and to damage the appearance of the building because the building itself is used as a ventilation path And natural ventilation at low cost was made possible. In addition, by providing the ventilation opening at the top of the building, it is possible to promote the ventilation rate by utilizing the indoor / outdoor temperature difference and the suction effect of wind power. In addition, indoor air is collected in the exhaust chamber behind the hut, the indoor air is released from the upper duct at the center of the hut, and the hood or the back of the hut is ventilated to the outside. It is preferable because the ventilation of air can be performed at the same time.

By providing a damper and a flow rate sensor in the exhaust chamber, it is possible to suppress excessive ventilation in the middle of winter and strong winds. In addition, by providing a fan and an airflow sensor in the exhaust chamber, it became possible to improve the shortage of ventilation during the mid-air-conditioning, summertime, and when there is no wind. Furthermore, by providing a damper, a fan, and a flow rate sensor in the exhaust chamber, the ventilation rate throughout the year can be automatically maintained in an optimum range or a range desired by the occupant.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural sectional view of a natural ventilation building for a detached house according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of an air supply port of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a vaulted ventilation facility according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing measurement results when a natural ventilation building for a detached house according to Example 1 of the present invention is used.

FIG. 5 shows the inside of the exhaust chamber (fan) according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
Schematic sectional view of

6A is a graph showing measurement results when a fan according to the second embodiment of the present invention is used. FIG. 6B is a graph showing the operation status of the fan according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing annual ventilation when a fan is used in Example 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view of the inside of an exhaust chamber (damper) according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a graph showing the amount of ventilation when a damper according to the third embodiment of the present invention is used.

FIG. 10 is a configuration and a schematic sectional view of a natural ventilation system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a graph showing the amount of ventilation when the natural ventilation system of Example 4 of the present invention is used.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Air supply opening 2 Exhaust grill 3 Pit use ventilation path 4 Vent 5 Suction grill 6 Exhaust chamber 7 Building 7a Ventilation opening 7b Ventilation opening 8a Lower duct 8b Upper duct 9 Backside ventilation opening 10 Fan 11 Airflow sensor 12 Damper

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Hajime Yada 1-1-88 Oyodonaka, Kita-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Inside Sekisui House Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Toshio Tani 1-chome, Oyodonaka, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka No. 88 Sekisui House Co., Ltd.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A building having a pit passing through the upper and lower floors, an outdoor air supply port in each room on each floor, an exhaust grill on a ceiling in each room on an upper floor, and a ventilation passage using a pit from each room on a lower floor. A ventilation grill is provided on the ventilation hole and pit ceiling,
Exhaust chamber, hood back ventilation opening on the back of the upper part of the intake grille, ventilation hole on the ridge, and the exhaust grille and the exhaust chamber are connected by a duct, and the duct is provided on the upper part of the exhaust chamber to the center of the back of the hut. Characteristic structure of natural ventilation building for detached houses. 2. A structure of a natural ventilation building for a detached house, wherein a fan and an air flow sensor are provided in the exhaust chamber according to claim 1. 3. The structure of a natural ventilation building for a detached house, wherein a damper and an air flow sensor are provided in the exhaust chamber according to claim 1. 4. An exhaust chamber according to claim 1, wherein a fan and / or a damper and an air flow sensor are provided. A natural ventilation system characterized by artificially adjusting the amount of ventilation caused by the natural action to escape through the fan and the damper.