JPH11304386A - Heat storage system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heat storage system of simple structure in which ice is produced continuously and stored as cold heat. SOLUTION: The heat storage system comprises a heat exchanger 11 for cooling an antifreeze solution through heat exchange with cold heat generated from a refrigerating machine 9, a cooler 7 being fed with low temperature antifreeze solution circulating from the heat exchanger 11, a gas transporting machine 8 (fan) for supplying air to the cooler 7, a tank 1 storing a liquid heat storing material 2 (water, calcium chloride 6, saline, or the like) being frozen with air cooled by the cooler 7, and an outlet 4 for ejecting air of 0 deg.C or below from the cooler 7 made in the liquid heat storing material 2 in the tank 1. Fine bubbles 3 ejected from a large number of holes of the outlet 4 touch the liquid heat storing material 2 directly to produce a solid heat storage material (ice pieces) 2-a which floats to stand in the tank 1 thus storing cold heat.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a latent heat storage material (melting point 0).
The present invention relates to a heat storage system in which cold heat is applied to water having a melting point of 28 ° C. and calcium chloride hexahydrate having a melting point of 28 ° C. to solidify the solidified heat effectively.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional heat storage system, a coil heat exchanger is provided in water stored in a tank, and water around the heat exchanger is supplied while a refrigerant flows through the heat exchanger. Some freeze and store cold heat. In this heat storage system, heat is stored while growing ice thickly on the outer surface of the heat exchanger. Therefore, when the ice is thickened, the thermal resistance of the crystal layer is large, and the ice making speed is reduced. In order to compensate for this, the refrigerant temperature must be lowered, and there is a disadvantage that the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator decreases as the temperature decreases.

For this reason, there is a system in which crystals (ice) grown in the heat exchanger are dynamically removed while the crystals (ice) grown in the heat exchanger do not grow so thickly in the heat exchanger (for example, JP-A-3-230035). However, this dynamic ice thermal storage system requires intermittent ice making and de-icing, which increases the number of valves and piping systems,
A refrigerant reservoir (accumulator) for securing a heat source for deicing is also required, which has a drawback that the configuration of the refrigeration cycle becomes complicated.

Further, as a device for cooling water by blowing air into water, the inside of a cooling tank filled with water is depressurized, and fine bubbles of compressed air are ejected upward from ejection nozzles installed in the water. There is a device that cools water in a cooling tank by cold generated by adiabatic expansion of the compressed air. This is originally aimed at a cooling device that does not use a refrigerant such as Freon or ammonia, and has a different purpose and configuration from the present invention (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 9-170791).

There is also a basic study in which an additive of ethylene glycol is added to water to form an aqueous solution, and crystals grown on a horizontal heat transfer surface immersed in the aqueous solution are easily separated. (Proceedings of the 34th Japan Heat Transfer Symposium, D34
2 (1997-5)). However, this known example does not disclose a specific means for industrially producing a large amount of crystals in a tank.

Further, the low-concentration hygroscopic aqueous solution in the heat storage tank is fed into a tube of an ice making heat exchanger to be filled, a refrigerant is dropped outside the tube, and ice is formed in the tube by the heat of evaporation of the refrigerant. There is a method in which ice is transferred by supplying a hot gas to the outer periphery of the tube after the ice making and by feeding an aqueous solution into the tube, but the constitution is different from that of the present invention (JP-A-5-340654, JP-A-6-340654). −
No. 147706).

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a heat storage system capable of producing crystals (ice) continuously from a heat exchanger and simplifying the structure of a refrigeration cycle.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, a first heat storage system of the present invention comprises a cooler supplied with cold heat from a refrigerator via a circulation pipe, and air supplied to the cooler. A gas transporter for feeding, a tank for storing the liquid latent heat storage material frozen by the air cooled by the cooler, and an outlet for blowing the cooling air supplied through a pipe from the cooler into the liquid latent heat storage material. And

A second heat storage system according to the present invention includes a cooler supplied with cold heat from a refrigerator via a circulation pipe;
A tank for immersing the cooler in a liquid heat medium and storing the cooler;
A gas transporter that injects air into the liquid heat medium in the tank, a tank that stores a liquid latent heat storage material that is frozen by the air cooled by the cooler through the liquid heat medium in the tank, and a tank. And a blow-out port for blowing cooling air supplied through a pipe from the inside of the liquid latent heat storage material.

A third heat storage system according to the present invention comprises a compressor, a condenser, a decompression device and a heat exchanger constituting a refrigeration cycle, and a heat exchanger immersed in a liquid heat storage material. The heat exchanger consists of a pipe, and the heat exchanger consists of pipes.The heat exchanger is installed in the liquid heat storage material so that the heat transfer surface is almost vertical, so that the heat transfer area in the tank can be increased. In addition, a crystal movement channel is secured so that crystals detached from the heat transfer surface can easily float, and the liquid heat storage material is easily separated from the pipe surface by the solid heat storage material that freezes on the pipe surface. It is characterized by containing an additive. The liquid heat storage material is water, and the additive is any of organic ethylene glycol and inorganic calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and the like.

A fourth heat storage system according to the present invention comprises a compressor, a condenser, a decompression device and a heat exchanger which constitute a refrigeration cycle, and a storage device which stores the heat exchanger and is disposed horizontally. A pipe and a tank for storing a liquid heat storage material supplied by a pump through a pipe connected to one end of the storage pipe, and the heat exchanger includes a heat transfer surface extending in a longitudinal direction of the storage pipe; Contains an additive that makes it easier for the solid heat storage material that freezes on the cooling pipe surface to separate from the cooling pipe surface, and the tank receives solid heat storage material that is frozen by the heat transfer surface of the cooling pipe from the other end of the storage pipe. And

The first and second heat storage systems of the present invention utilize the following first principle. That is, the first principle is that air is introduced around a cooler connected to a refrigerator and the air is cooled to a low temperature (below the freezing point of the latent heat storage material, for example, 0 ° C. or less when the latent heat storage material is water). Then, the air is injected into the latent heat storage material in the heat storage tank, and the latent heat storage material is gradually solidified and stored while cooling by direct contact between the cooling air and the latent heat storage material. Such an operation can be performed continuously, and an intermittent operation of cooling or heating the cooler does not need to be performed.

Further, the third and fourth heat storage systems of the present invention utilize the second principle described below. That is, the second principle is that when a solute is added to a latent heat storage material, for example, when ethylene glycol is added to water by several weight%, crystals of the latent heat storage material once grow around a heat exchanger installed in the latent heat storage material. Later, it will automatically leave the heat exchanger immediately. That is, the crystal grows in a dendritic manner due to the presence of the solute, and is easily detached by buoyancy. Since the heat transfer surface of the heat exchanger extends in the vertical direction, the detached crystal easily floats through the gap between the horizontally adjacent pipes in the heat exchanger. The present invention uses such a basic principle, and specific embodiments will be described below.

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring to FIGS. 1 to 13, some examples of a heat storage system using the first principle in which a liquid latent heat storage material is frozen by direct contact between the liquid latent heat storage material and cooling air to store cold heat. A specific example will be described.

The heat storage system shown in FIG. 1 generally includes a refrigerator 9, a heat exchanger 11 for exchanging heat with the cold generated by the refrigerator 9 to cool the antifreeze, and a heat exchanger 11. A cooler 7 to which the cooled antifreeze is supplied through the formed circulation pipes 12 and 13, a gas transporter 8 for supplying air to the cooler 7, and heat exchange with the antifreeze in the cooler 7. Latent heat storage material 2 (water,
A tank 1 for storing calcium chloride hexahydrate and the like, and an outlet 4 which is provided in the liquid latent heat storage material 2 in the tank 1 and ejects air supplied from a cooler 7 through a pipe 5. . An antifreeze such as ethylene glycol is sealed in a circulation loop formed between the heat exchanger 11 and the cooler 7 in the refrigerator 9 and circulated by a pump 10 provided in an outgoing pipe 13, thereby freezing. The cold generated in the machine 9 is transported from the heat exchanger 11 to the cooler 7. The cooler 7 is formed of a meandering finned pipe, housed in the envelope 6, and installed in the tank 1 above the surface of the liquid latent heat storage material 2. The envelope 6 is connected through a pipe 5 to the outlet 4 immersed in the liquid heat storage material 2. The outlet 4 has many small holes.

When air is introduced into the cooler 7 by driving the gas transporter 8, the air is cooled below the freezing point of the liquid latent heat storage material 2 (hereinafter referred to as the liquid heat storage material 2) and blows through the pipe 5. The liquid is ejected from the outlet 4 into the liquid heat storage material 2. This cooling air floats in the liquid heat storage material 2 as fine bubbles 3. In this process, the liquid heat storage material 2 is gradually cooled by the cooling air, and a part thereof starts to solidify. The liquid heat storage material 2 is solidified to form an ice-like latent heat storage material (solid) 2-a (hereinafter, referred to as “solid”).
(Referred to as a solid heat storage material 2-a), the amount of which gradually increases and heat storage proceeds. In this way, the heat storage system of the present embodiment can continuously solidify the liquid heat storage material 2 in the tank 1. In this solidification process, the operation of intermittently cooling and heating the cooler as in the dynamic heat storage system described in the section of the related art is unnecessary,
Therefore, the cycle constituting the refrigerator 9 may have a simple system configuration.

When the liquid heat storage material 2 is evaporative (such as water), frost may be formed around the cooler 7. As a countermeasure against this, the interval between the fins constituting the cooler 7 may be increased so that air can flow even if frost is formed. When such a heat storage operation is completed, the refrigerator 9 is stopped and the pump 10 is also stopped. In this way, the cooler 7 is heated by the invading heat from the surroundings,
The frost around the cooler 7 melts, and the liquid generated by the thawing falls into the tank 1 from the drain 6-a of the envelope 6. After the heat storage operation, if necessary, the refrigerator 9 may be operated in a reverse cycle to supply a high-temperature refrigerant to the cooler 7 and heat to melt the frost quickly. In addition, a heater is provided in the cooler 7, and the cooler 7 is heated by inputting the heater to remove frost.
You may take the method of returning inside.

In any case, during the heat storage operation, the bubbles 3 are continuously jetted into the liquid heat storage material 2 in the tank 1 so that the heat storage operation can be continuously performed. Bubbles 3 are air,
There is no harm such as sticking to the outlet 4 and clogging the outlet 4 as in the case of using a liquid heat medium such as Freon or silicone oil. In addition, there is no possibility that the liquid heat storage medium 2 is trapped in the liquid heat storage material 2 and the replenishment amount is reduced so that the cold storage operation is not stopped. Also, since it is air, it does not harm the human body even if it leaks to the outside. Also, when the solid heat storage material 2-a is used for cooling or the like while freezing the ice during the heat radiation, the stirring movement of the bubbles 3 in the liquid heat storage material 2 can be performed by driving the gas transporter 8. -A is effective because it promotes thawing and can significantly improve the thawing speed.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a modification of the heat storage system shown in FIG. In the heat storage system of this modified example,
A partition plate 14 is provided in the liquid heat storage material 2 in the tank 1 in parallel with the side wall of the tank 1, and an outlet 4 is provided at the bottom between the side wall of the tank 1 and the plate 14. The heat exchange is performed by direct contact between the liquid heat storage material 2 and the low-temperature air bubbles while floating the air bubbles 3 in the liquid heat storage material 2 above the liquid heat storage material 4. In this way, a portion where the bubbles 3 can float can be reliably secured by the plate 14, and it is less likely to become entangled with a large lump of the solid heat storage material 2-a in the tank 1.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a modification of the heat storage system shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, the envelope 6 is horizontally arranged so that air from the gas transporter 8 flows in the horizontal direction.
On the other hand, in this modification, the gas transporter 8 and the cooler 7
Are arranged side by side up and down, and the envelope 6 is arranged so as to suck air from the gas transporter 8 from above. In this case, after the frost around the cooler 7 is thawed, the liquid generated by the thawing can be poured into the pipe 5 extending downward as it is, and the drain 6-a provided in the envelope 6 shown in FIG.
Becomes unnecessary.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another modification of the heat storage system shown in FIG. In this modified example, a pipe 5 connected to an envelope 6 installed in the tank 1 is once taken out of the tank 1 and then arranged so as to be connected to an outlet in the tank 1. This makes it easier to find leaks when the long pipe 5 corrodes and leaks air or liquid.
Also, repair of the pipe becomes easy.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a modification of the heat storage system shown in FIG. This is one in which an opening is provided in the upper wall of the tank 1 so as to protrude from the opening, and the envelope 6 is detachably attached. The air cooled by the cooler 7 in the envelope 6 is sucked by the gas transporter 8 and supplied from the envelope 6 to the outlet 4 in the tank 1 through the pipe 5 descending through the outside of the tank 1. Is done. If the envelope 6 can be detached from the upper wall of the tank 1 in this manner, maintenance and inspection of the cooler 7 and the gas transporter 8 become easy. Also in this case, the drain 6-a becomes unnecessary.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a modification of the heat storage system shown in FIG. In this, the envelope 6 is provided on the side wall of the tank 1. If there is no space above the tank 1, it is effective to provide the space on the side wall in this way. If the envelope 6 can be removed similarly to FIG. 5, the cooler 7 and the gas transporter 8 can be removed.
Maintenance inspection becomes easy. Also in this case, drain 6-
a becomes unnecessary.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing another modification of the heat storage system shown in FIG. In this modification, two refrigerators (9
A, 9B), and two corresponding coolers (7A, 7B)
B) used in combination.
That is, the cooler 7A and the refrigerator 9A are connected to the pipe 12A,
13A, the pump 10A and the valve 17 are connected so as to form a circulation path as shown in the figure, and the refrigerant (antifreeze or the like) is circulated inside by the pump 10A. Similarly, the cooler 7B and the refrigerator 9B are connected to form a circulation path by pipes 12B and 13B, a pump 10B and a valve 16. Cooler 7
A and 7B are sequentially stored in the envelope 6 in the tank 1,
The gas transporter 8 is disposed in front of the cooler 7A.

The refrigerator 9B is operated so as to generate cold heat at a lower temperature than the refrigerator 9A. For example, when the liquid heat storage material 2 is water, the surface temperature of the cooler 7B is -5 ° C. to -10 ° C.
The surface temperature of the cooler 7A is adjusted to be about 0 to 2 ° C. The cooler 7A close to the gas transporter 8 includes:
Fresh air is introduced, where most of the moisture in the air is dehumidified, but without frost due to the temperature of 0-2 ° C. The dew, that is, water attached to the cooler 7A flows down, and the water
Is returned into the tank 1 from the drain 6-a attached to the tank. The air dehumidified by the cooler 7A is introduced into the cooler 7B. Since most of the air has been dehumidified, even if the surface temperature of the cooler 7B is -5C to -10C, frost hardly adheres and good operation is continued.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a modification of the heat storage system shown in FIG. In this modification, the system shown in FIG. 7 uses an antifreeze liquid, whereas the system shown in FIG. 7 employs a direct expansion method. In addition, two refrigerators generate two temperatures, and coolers 7A and 7B are set to different temperatures. To control. The refrigerator 9 uses the compressor 20 and the condenser 21 in common, and forms two refrigeration cycles (compression of refrigerant → condensation → adiabatic expansion → evaporation) from the decompression devices 22 and 23 and the coolers 7A and 7B. I have. One refrigeration cycle connects the compressor 20, the condenser 21, the pressure reducing device 23, and the cooler 7A with piping (27,
26, 29), and the other refrigeration cycle comprises a B loop in which the compressor 20, the condenser 21, the pressure reducing device 22, and the cooler 7B are connected by pipes (31, 30, 29). The refrigeration cycle is one in which a refrigerant such as Freon is sealed.

In the A loop, the refrigerant is adiabatically compressed by the compressor 20, then liquefied by releasing the heat of condensation in the condenser 21, becomes a low temperature while being adiabatically expanded by the decompression device 23, and evaporates in the cooler 7A. Then, the air supplied around the cooler 7A is cooled. This refrigerant is adjusted to the freezing point of the liquid heat storage material 2 (about 0 to 2 ° C. in the case of water). There is a method of adjusting the temperature of the refrigerant by adjusting the thickness and length of the pipe of the pressure reducing device 23.
There is also a method in which a signal from a temperature sensor (such as a thermistor) 34 provided on the outlet side of the pressure reducing device 23 of the pipe 27 is input to the controller 32, and the opening degree of the motor-operated valve 25 is adjusted by the amount of this signal. May be used in combination. On the other hand, in the B loop, the refrigerant becomes a low temperature while being adiabatically expanded by the pressure reducing device 22, and the cooler 7B further cools the air already cooled by the cooler 7A. The degree of throttling of the B loop decompression device 22 is deeper than that of the A loop decompression device 23, and the temperature of the cooler 7B is lower than that of the cooler 7A (−5 ° C. to −10 ° C.). The refrigerant discharged from each of the coolers 7A and 7B joins at the pipe 29, returns to the compressor 20, and repeats the same cycle as before.

The pipe 31 on the exit side of the decompression device 22 in the B loop
The temperature of the refrigerant flowing into the inside can be further improved by inputting the signal of the temperature sensor 33 provided therein to the controller 32 and finely adjusting the opening of the motor-operated valve 24 provided on the pipe 31 by the amount of this signal. Temperature control is possible. In this embodiment, the pressure reducing device 23 and the electric valve 25 and the pressure reducing device 22 and the electric valve 24 are arranged in series, but they may be arranged in parallel with each other. Thus, for example, when the liquid heat storage material 2 is water, the surface temperature of the cooler 7A is adjusted to about 0 to 2 ° C, and that of the cooler 7B is adjusted to about -5 ° C to -10 ° C. Thereby, the air introduced into the envelope 6 by the gas transporter 8 enters the cooler 7A and is almost dehumidified, then enters the cooler 7B and is cooled to about -7 ° C. Through the air outlet 4, it is jetted into the liquid heat storage material 2. In this process, almost no frost is formed around the cooler 7B.

In the heat storage system shown in FIGS. 1 to 8, the envelope 6 accommodating the cooler 7 is located inside the tank 1, but is provided outside the tank 1 and is located above the tank 1. Alternatively, a method may be adopted in which air existing in the portion is introduced into the envelope 6 using a suction duct.

The embodiment shown in FIGS. 9 to 13 corresponds to FIG.
The heat storage system shown in FIG. 8 to FIG. 8 relates to a heat storage system having a different heat transfer system to the cooler. The heat storage system shown in FIG. 9 generally includes a refrigerator 9 and a heat exchanger 11 that exchanges heat with cold generated by the refrigerator 9 to cool antifreeze.
Circulation pipes 12, 13 formed between the heat exchanger 11
Cooler 7 to which the cooled antifreeze is supplied via
A tank 37 for immersing the cooler 7 in a heat medium (an antifreeze such as ethylene glycol or silicone oil) 40 and a gas transporter 8 for injecting air into the liquid heat medium in the tank 37 ( An air compressor or a Kranz blower), a tank 1 for storing a liquid heat storage material 2 (water, calcium chloride hexahydrate, etc.) frozen by the air cooled by the cooler 7, and a liquid heat storage material 2 in the tank 1. And an outlet 4 for ejecting cooling air supplied from the tank 37 through the pipe 5.

The heat medium 40 stored in the tank 37 is cooled to a low temperature by the cooler 7 (-5 when the liquid heat storage material is water).
(About 10 ° C. to 10 ° C.). The air injected into the heat medium 40 by the gas transporter 8 is cooled while floating as air bubbles 41 in the heat medium 40, and then passes through the pipe 5 from the outlet 4 to the liquid heat storage in the tank 1. The liquid heat storage material 2 is jetted into the material 2, whereby the liquid heat storage material 2 is gradually solidified.

The cold stored as described above is taken out and used when desired. In this embodiment, the tank 1 and the fan coil unit 42 (a combination of a coil constituting a heat exchanger and a blower fan) are thermally connected using pump 43 pipes 44 and 45. The liquid heat storage material 2 in the tank 1 is introduced into the fan coil unit 42 from the pipe 45 by the pump 43,
It is returned inside. In this process, the solid heat storage material 2-a is melted, and the cool heat is radiated from the fan coil unit 42 and used for cooling. In such an operation, when the gas transporter 8 is driven and air is introduced into the liquid heat storage material 2 through the outlet 4, the solid heat storage material 2-a is quickly melted, and the heat radiation rate can be increased. it can. At this time, if necessary, the refrigerator 9 is driven, and the generated cold heat can be transported to the cooler 7 to pre-cool the bubbles 41. Further, in this embodiment, the cooler 7 may be omitted, and the antifreeze flowing in the pipes 12 and 13 and the pump 10 and the heat medium 40 in the tank 6 may be simplified to be the same.

FIG. 10 is a view showing a modification of the heat storage system shown in FIG. This modification is configured to introduce the air in the tank 1 into the tank 37 instead of introducing outside air into the tank 37 by the gas transporter 8 (air compressor) as in the heat storage system shown in FIG. is there. For this purpose, a pipe 5-a connecting the upper space 15 of the tank 1 to the bottom of the tank 37, and a gas transporter 8 (strong blower, Kranz blower, etc.) surrounded by an envelope 6 around the pipe 5-a ). With this configuration, relatively low-temperature air in the space above the tank 1 can be introduced into the heat medium 40 in the tank 37, and energy saving of the refrigerator 9 can be achieved. When the heating medium 40 put in the tank 37 is water-insoluble such as silicon oil,
Moisture may be liberated at the lower or upper part of the heat medium 40 and gradually increased. This is caused by the use of valves and pipes and pumps (neither is shown) as necessary.
It is good to return inside. When the heat medium 40 is hygroscopic and water-soluble like ethylene glycol or the like, it is necessary to heat the heat medium 40 to vaporize the water and return it to the tank 1 as necessary. In this embodiment, this steam is
A pipe 36 branched from the pipe 5 and connected to the upper part of the tank 1
And a valve 35 are provided, and the valve 35 is opened and returned into the tank 1. The heating of the heat medium 40 in the tank 37 is preferably performed when the cold storage operation is completed. This heating may be performed by heating the heat medium 40 using a heater, or by performing a reverse cycle operation of the refrigerator 9.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a modification of the heat storage system shown in FIG. In this modification, a divided tank 1-a is provided beside the tank 1, and the tank 1 and the divided tank 1-a are connected to each other by an outlet pipe 46 at the upper part and by an inlet pipe 47 at the lower part. Further, an air outlet 4 is arranged in the divided tank 1-a. With such a configuration, the upward movement of the bubbles 3 in the divided tank 1-a does not interfere with the solid heat storage material 2-a in the tank 1, and can be performed smoothly.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a modification of the heat storage system shown in FIG. In this modification, the dividing tank 1-a is arranged at a position higher than the tank 1, a duct 48 is provided above the dividing tank 1-a, and an opening is provided in the upper wall of the tank 1, so that the duct 48
And the opening in the upper wall of the tank 1. Further, a pipe 49 connecting the bottom of the tank 1 and the divided tank 1-a is provided, and a pump 52 and a valve 50 are provided in the pipe 49. The solid heat storage material 2-b generated in the divided tank 1-a easily flows down the duct 48 by gravity and falls into the tank 1. Division tank 1
When the liquid heat storage material 2 runs short in the area a, the pump 52 provided in the pipe 49 is driven to open the valve 50 to replenish the liquid heat storage material 2 to the divided tank 1-a.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a modification of the heat storage system shown in FIG. In this modification, the dividing tank 1-a is long in the horizontal direction as shown in the figure, and the cool air that has passed through the heat medium 40 in the tank 37 is branched from the pipe 5 into a plurality of pipes 5-a. From a, 5-b, 5-c and 5-d, a valve 51-
By opening a, 51-b, 51-c and 51-d, bubbles 3 are introduced into the liquid heat storage material 2 in the dividing tank 1-a. Since the division tank 1-a is horizontally long, it is easy to install it in a building having no space in the vertical direction.

The heat storage system shown in FIGS.
The present embodiment relates to an embodiment of a heat storage system using the second principle of the present invention. The second principle is that, by using a liquid containing a solute as a liquid heat storage material, for example, an aqueous solution obtained by adding ethylene glycol to water, ice chips grown around a heat exchanger installed in the liquid heat storage material are naturally separated. It is to do.

The heat storage system shown in FIG. 14 has a tank 1 containing a liquid heat storage material 2 such as water, and a tank 1 immersed in the liquid heat storage material 2.
And a compressor 20, a condenser 21 and a decompression device 23 which are connected to the heat exchanger 60 by pipes (29, 28, 27) to form a refrigeration cycle. Have been. A refrigerant such as Freon is sealed in the refrigeration cycle.

In this heat storage system, the refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle is adiabatically compressed by the compressor 20, liquefied by releasing heat of condensation in the condenser 21, and adiabatically expanded by the pressure reducing device 23 to a low temperature. The low-temperature refrigerant evaporates and gasifies in the heat exchanger 60, returns to the compressor 20, and repeats the cycle of adiabatic compression again. At this time, since the heat exchanger 60 has a low temperature, the liquid heat storage material 2 around the heat exchanger 60 is cooled, and a part of the heat storage material is solidified on the outer surface of the heat exchanger 60, and the solid heat storage material 2-b is formed. Is generated.

In the present invention, by adding a small amount of additive to the liquid heat storage material 2, after the solid heat storage material 2-b is formed on the surface of the heat exchanger 60, the heat exchanger is immediately activated by buoyancy. It is detached from 60 and floats above. As the additives, when the liquid heat storage material 2 is water, there are organic ethylene glycol and inorganic calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and the like. To some extent.

A feature of this embodiment is that the heat exchanger 60 is a coil that bends an elliptical pipe having an elongated cross section sequentially into a U-shape to meander in a plane, and that the major axis of the pipe cross section is a coil. That is, they are arranged in the liquid heat storage material 2 such that the coil surfaces are horizontal to each other. That is, the pipes are vertically arranged such that the major axis of the pipe cross section is vertical in the liquid. By thus configuring the heat exchanger 60 and arranging it vertically,
The solid heat storage material 2-b generated on the vertical surface of the pipe becomes susceptible to buoyancy, whereby the solid heat storage material 2-b is easily separated from the pipe. That is, by the addition of the additive to the liquid heat storage material 2 and the vertical arrangement of the heat exchanger 60, the solid heat storage material 2-b is easily peeled off from the surface of the heat exchanger 60, and the horizontal pipe in the tank 1 is formed. The solid heat storage material 2-b is easily moved upward due to the decrease in the area occupied by the solid heat storage material 2b.
-B can be made continuously. In addition, since the heat exchangers 60 are arranged horizontally, whereas the heat exchangers 60 are arranged vertically, the number of pipes of the heat exchanger 60 can be increased in the tank 1 to increase the heat transfer area. The ice making speed per volume can be increased. In this embodiment, if the density of the liquid heat storage material is higher than that of the liquid, such as calcium chloride hexahydrate having a melting point of 28 ° C., the heat exchanger 6
0 is preferably arranged in the upper part of the tank 1. In this case, the solid heat storage material 2-b generated around the heat exchanger 60 sinks downward while descending in the liquid heat storage material 2. Further, the heat exchanger 60 may be one in which a number of pipes having a cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. 14 are connected in parallel between a manifold on the inlet side and a manifold on the outlet side of the refrigerant. This is effective in reducing pressure loss during movement.

FIGS. 15 to 23 show a heat exchanger 60 having a different configuration or a different pipe cross-sectional shape from the heat exchanger 60 shown in FIG. In FIG. 14, the pipe cross section of the heat exchanger 60 is streamlined, and there is a pointed part at the top and bottom.
The heat exchanger 60 has flat surfaces on both sides and a rectangular cross section. In this case, a heat exchanger can be relatively easily manufactured.

The heat exchanger shown in FIG. 16 has a plurality of coils 60-a, 60-b, 60-
The heat transfer surface area is increased as a whole by stacking c in the vertical direction. By doing so, the ice making speed per volume in the tank 1 is improved.

The heat exchanger shown in FIG. 17 has a plurality of coils 60-a, 60-b, 60-c, 60-
d, 60-e are stacked in the vertical direction, and a filler (solder, heat conductive plastic, etc.)
Into a heat transfer surface. In this way, the round pipe can be effectively used, and when the evaporative liquid is introduced into the heat exchanger 60 as a refrigerant, the pressure resistance design becomes easier as compared with FIG.

The heat exchanger shown in FIG. 18 has coils 60-a, 60-b, 60-c, 6 made of pipes having an elliptical cross section.
0-d are connected in the vertical direction by a heat conductive rib 61-a. Heat exchanger (copper etc.) 6
There is a method of brazing 0 and a rib (such as copper) 61-a, and in the case of aluminum, it can be manufactured by being integrally formed by a roll bonding method.

The heat exchanger shown in FIG. 19 has a plurality of coils 60-a, 60-b,
0-c are arranged vertically. In this way, the solid heat storage material 2- generated in the lower heat exchanger 60-a
Even if b rises upward, it will not be caught on the way. When the liquid heat storage material 2 changes phase and becomes solid, such as calcium chloride hexahydrate having a melting point of 28 ° C., and becomes heavier than the liquid state, the liquid heat storage material 2 is arranged in a triangular shape in reverse to FIG. When b sinks to the lower part, it does not catch.

The heat exchanger shown in FIG. 20 has longitudinally arranged coils 60-a and 60-b formed of flat pipes with internal ribs made by extrusion of aluminum or the like. If the flat type pipe is made thin, the solid heat storage material 2-b
Does not get caught on the way when moving in the vertical direction.

The heat exchanger shown in FIG. 21 has coils 60-a, 60-b, and 60-c each formed of a pipe having a rhombic cross section and arranged vertically. In this case, the solid heat storage material 2-
No matter when b moves to the upper part or the lower part, it does not get caught on the way.

The heat exchanger shown in FIG. 22 is obtained by rounding the sharp corners of a pipe having a rhombic cross section shown in FIG. In this way, the solid heat storage material 2-b does not get caught in the sharp portions in FIG.

The heat exchanger shown in FIG. 23 is composed of coils 60-a and 60-b made of pipes having an inverted triangular cross section that is long in the vertical direction.
18 and FIG. 2 as a result.
As in the example shown in FIG. 0, the space occupied by the pipe in the horizontal direction is reduced, and the solid heat storage material 2-b is easily moved in the passage formed between the pipes in the horizontal direction.

FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a so-called modification of the heat storage system shown in FIG. In this modification, the fan coil unit 42 is connected to the tank 1 so as to form a circulation path with the pipes 63 and 62 and the pump 43, and a pipe 64 with a valve 65 is provided in parallel with the fan coil unit 42. is there. When taking out the cold stored in the tank 1, the valve 65 provided in parallel with the fan coil unit 42 is closed, the valve 68 provided in series with the fan coil unit 42 is opened, and the pump 43 is driven while driving the pump 43. The liquid heat storage material 2 is passed through the pipe 63, the radiator 42, and the pipe 62,
Pipes 67-a, 67 provided to be branched from the pipe 62.
Valves 66-a, 66- attached to -b, 67-c
b, 66-c is opened and returned into the tank 1. As a result, the solid heat storage material 2-b gradually melts and the fan coil unit 42
Allow to cool. On the other hand, at the time of heat storage, the valve 68 is closed, the valve 65 is opened, and the pump 43 is driven to drive the liquid heat storage material 2 in the tank 1 into the pipes 63 and 64, the valve 65, the pipe 62,
It is returned into the tank 1 via the pipes 67-a, 67-b, 67-c. In this way, the heat exchangers 60-a and 60-b are forcedly convected, so that the solid heat storage material 2-b generated on those surfaces is easily peeled off from those surfaces and moved upward. Become.

FIG. 25 is a configuration diagram of a modification of the heat storage system shown in FIG. In this modification, the tank 1 is long in the vertical direction, and a heat exchanger 60 having a flat surface in the vertical direction is provided on the side wall of the tank 1. In this way, tank 1
There is an advantage that a small installation space is required.

FIG. 26 is a block diagram of a heat storage system according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
It is sectional drawing. In this heat storage system, a long pipe 1-a is provided as a storage pipe in a horizontal direction above a tank 1, and a cross section is vertically long inside the pipe 1-a, and a plurality of holes are tandemly arranged inside. The heat exchangers 60-a, 60-b, 60-c, which are formed of cooling pipes extending in the horizontal direction, are arranged in parallel in the horizontal direction, and the pump 43 is driven around the heat exchangers to store the liquid heat storage material 2 in the tank 1 around the heat exchangers. It is introduced into the pipe 1-a via the connection pipes 63 and 62. The liquid heat storage material 2 around the heat exchangers 60-a, 60-b, and 60-c solidifies and turns into a solid heat storage material 2-b, and rides on the movement of the liquid heat storage material 2 in the pipe 1-a. The solid heat storage material 2 falls into the tank 1 from the pipe 1-a,
-B accumulates. Such a method uses a heat exchanger 6 in the tank 1.
This is effective when it is impossible to provide 0-a, 60-b, and 60-c, and is effective when increasing the capacity of an existing water heat storage tank. Further, since the pipe 1-a is long in the horizontal direction, it is not necessary to take up much space in the vertical direction. In this embodiment, a part of the pipe 1-a, particularly, in this example, the pipe 1-a is used to facilitate filling of the pipe 1-a with the liquid heat storage material 2.
It goes without saying that more effective operation can be achieved by taking measures to narrow the outlet, such as by providing a contact plate below the outlet of -a.

It is needless to say that the technology having features in each embodiment of the present invention described above can be used in combination with the heat storage system of another embodiment.

[0055]

According to the present invention, there is provided a heat storage system which utilizes the first principle of solidifying a liquid latent heat storage material by direct contact between cooling air and liquid latent heat storage material and storing cold heat as ice. Alternatively, a solute is added to the liquid latent heat storage material, and crystals (ice) of the latent heat storage material are easily separated and floated around a heat exchanger installed in the liquid latent heat storage material, and floated, and heat is stored as ice. The system utilizes the principle of the above, so that the liquid latent heat storage material can be solidified continuously and stored in the tank, the refrigeration cycle configuration is simplified, the ice making speed is improved, and the refrigeration cycle The cycle efficiency was improved, and it became practical and convenient.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a heat storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a modified example of the heat storage system shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a modified example of the heat storage system shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of another modified example of the heat storage system shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a modified example of the heat storage system shown in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a modified example of the heat storage system shown in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of another modified example of the heat storage system shown in FIG.

8 is a configuration diagram of a modified example of the heat storage system shown in FIG.

FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram of a heat storage system according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a modified example of the heat storage system shown in FIG.

11 is a configuration diagram of a modified example of the heat storage system shown in FIG.

FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram of a modified example of the heat storage system shown in FIG.

FIG. 13 is a configuration diagram of a modified example of the heat storage system shown in FIG.

FIG. 14 is a configuration diagram of a heat storage system according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

15 is a diagram showing another coil shape of the heat exchanger for the heat storage system shown in FIG.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of another coil of the heat exchanger.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of another coil of the heat exchanger.

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of another coil of the heat exchanger.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of another coil of the heat exchanger.

FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of another coil of the heat exchanger.

FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of another coil of the heat exchanger.

FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of another coil of the heat exchanger.

FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of another coil of the heat exchanger.

24 is a configuration diagram of a modification of the heat storage system shown in FIG.

25 is a configuration diagram of a modification of the heat storage system shown in FIG.

FIG. 26 is a configuration diagram of a heat storage system according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a sectional view taken along line A-A ′ of FIG. 26;

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 tank 1-a storage pipe 2 liquid heat storage material 2-a, 2-b solid heat storage material (ice) 3 bubble 4 outlet 6 envelope 7 cooler 8 gas transporter 9 refrigerator 10 pump 11 heat exchanger 14 Plate 15 Space 20 Compressor 21 Condenser 22, 23 Pressure reducing device 24, 25 Motorized valve 32 Controller 33, 34 Temperature sensor 37 Tank 40 Heat medium 41 Bubbles 42 Fan coil unit 43 Pump 48 Duct 52 Pump 60 Heat exchanger

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A cooler supplied with cold heat from a refrigerator via a circulation pipe, a gas transporter for supplying air to the cooler, and a liquid latent heat frozen by the air cooled by the cooler A heat storage system comprising: a tank for storing a heat storage material; and an outlet for blowing cooling air supplied through a pipe from the cooler into the liquid latent heat storage material. 2. A cooler to which cold heat is supplied from a refrigerator via a circulation pipe, a tank for immersing the cooler in a liquid heat medium and storing the cooler, and injecting air into the liquid heat medium in the tank. A gas transporter, a tank for storing a liquid latent heat storage material that is frozen by air cooled by the cooler through the liquid heat medium in the tank, and cooling air supplied through a pipe from the tank. A heat storage system comprising: a blowout port for blowing out the liquid latent heat storage material. 3. A heat exchanger comprising a compressor, a condenser, a decompression device and an evaporator constituting a refrigeration cycle, and a tank for immersing the heat exchanger in a liquid heat storage material and storing the heat exchanger. The heat transfer surface of the vessel is arranged so that its heat transfer surface extends in the vertical direction, and the liquid heat storage material includes an additive that makes it easier for the solid heat storage material frozen to the pipe surface to separate from the pipe surface. Heat storage system. 4. A heat exchanger comprising a compressor, a condenser, a decompression device and an evaporator constituting a refrigeration cycle, a storage pipe for storing the heat exchanger and disposed horizontally, and one end of the storage pipe. A tank for storing a liquid heat storage material supplied by a pump through a connecting pipe, wherein the heat exchanger includes a heat transfer surface extending in a longitudinal direction of the storage pipe, and the liquid heat storage material is a solid that freezes on the surface of the cooling pipe. A heat storage system comprising: an additive for facilitating detachment of a heat storage material from a surface of a cooling pipe; wherein the tank receives, from the other end of the storage pipe, a solid heat storage material frozen by the heat transfer surface. 5. The liquid heat storage material is water, and the additive is any of organic ethylene glycol and inorganic calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and the like. The heat storage system according to claim 3.