JPH11303239A - Detached house - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a detached house employing an air-conditioning method sucking the air of a living space from the underfloor while the air integrally cooling and heating an underfloor space and the living space is reutilized. SOLUTION: A house space comprising a living space, an attic space and an underfloor space is enclosedly surrounded by a heat insulation board or the like to make high airtightness and high heat insulation. A venting opening 8A opening in the underfloor spaces is provided in a first floor, a ventilation unit 23 incorporating a ventilation fan is set under the floor, a suction duct 23A opening the edge under the floor is connected to the suction side of the ventilation unit 23A, inserted in an insertion hole 1A provided on a continuous footing on the exhaust side of the ventilation unit 23, and the edge connects the exhaust duct 23B opened in the outside air.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a detached house which is housed in a highly airtight and highly insulated state by enclosing a house space with a heat insulating panel. It relates to a detached house with high airtightness and high heat insulation that is used for a healthy and comfortable environment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, not only buildings and condominiums, but also highly airtight and highly insulated wooden detached houses have been provided. These houses are becoming popular as people-friendly houses because they provide a comfortable living space with a comfortable temperature and humidity throughout the four seasons and can save energy for cooling and heating. These detached houses with high airtightness and high heat insulation can reliably control the cooling and heating of the entire living space, secure air circulation, and maintain a constant humidity to prevent mold and mite from forming and dew condensation. Is required to be maintained. In order to maintain a healthy and comfortable living space, fresh air must always flow in.

[0003]

In a conventional detached house with high airtightness and high insulation, the underfloor space is not used at all or merely used as an air intake. . For example, a floor structure made of structural plywood is laid on a floor joist, and a predetermined space is provided under the floor material to provide a heat insulating material, thereby completely separating the underfloor space and the first floor living room from each other. There is a method in which the air is allowed to flow from a ventilation port provided in the cloth base. However, in these methods, the first floor structure is completely airtight,
High insulation must be provided, but it has not always been satisfactory. In addition, there is a problem that construction costs increase in order to achieve complete insulation.

In addition, the first-floor structure has the above-described structure in which a heat insulating material is provided, and an air intake from below the floor is provided on the first-floor, and air flowing from a ventilation port provided on the cloth foundation is supplied to the first-floor living room. There are ways to get it. However, in this method, it is said that cold air under the floor flows into the living space, which not only reduces the efficiency of cooling and heating, but also that taking in the air under the floor is not desirable for health. Also, as in the case where the underfloor is not used at all, there are problems such as an increase in construction cost and incomplete insulation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a detached house in which air-conditioned and heated air is used under the floor to improve the efficiency of air-conditioning while improving the airtightness and the heat insulation of a healthy and comfortable air conditioner. .

[0006]

In order to achieve this object, a detached house according to the present invention is provided with a high airtightness by enclosing a housing space composed of a living space, a back of a cabin, and a space under a floor with a heat insulating board or the like. In a detached house with high heat insulation, a ventilation opening is provided on the first floor to open into the underfloor space, a ventilation unit with a built-in ventilation fan is installed in an appropriate place in the housing space, and the tip of the ventilation unit opens below the floor on the suction side. And a ventilation duct whose tip is open to the outside air is connected to the exhaust side of the ventilation unit. The ventilation unit may be installed on the floor, and an exhaust duct may be passed through a through hole provided in the wall structure, or the ventilation unit may be installed under the floor, and the exhaust duct penetrates a through hole provided in the cloth foundation. It may be. Further, it is preferable that the opening of the intake duct is disposed at a position farthest below the floor from a vent provided on the first floor. In addition, it is preferable that a concrete layer be provided on a sheet made of polyethylene or the like in order to achieve moisture proof between the soil under the floor.

[0007]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A detached house according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings referred to, FIG. 1 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of a detached house according to one embodiment. FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the wall structure of the detached house shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a heat insulating panel used for a wall structure and a roof structure of a building.

First, a detached house according to an embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. In this detached house, a foundation 2 is constructed on a cloth foundation 1 having a ventilation opening 1A, and a pillar 4 as a framed structure is supported on the foundation 2.
A hut beam 5 and a rafter 6 as a roof structure are supported on the roof. The floor structure consists of multiple floor joists 7
A flooring 8 made of structural plywood is laid thereon. Although illustration is omitted, a floor finishing material such as a flooring material is laid on the upper surface of the floor material 7.

The underground floor 9 is covered with a moisture-proof polyethylene film 9C over the sand layer 9B laid on the crushed stone layer 9A in order to prevent moisture under the floor, and a concrete layer 9D is cast thereon. It is preferable that the outer peripheral portion of the moisture-proof polyethylene film 9C rises along the inner surface of the cloth foundation 1 and is continuous with a structural face material described later. The concrete layer 9D functions as a heat storage body, and stores cold or warm heat.

The wall structure includes an interior base material 10 nailed or screwed to the indoor side surface of the pillar 4, a structural face material 11 nailed or screwed to the outdoor surface of the pillar 4, Insulated ventilation shell 12 attached to the outdoor surface of structural panel 11
And a wall cladding 13 that is nailed or screwed to the wood layer 12A of the heat-insulated ventilation shell 12.

The interior base material 10 has a thickness of 2 to 6 mm.
Plywood, chip plywood or particle board. A vinyl cloth or the like is stuck on the indoor side surface of the interior base material 10. In addition, a waterproof polyethylene film or the like is attached to the exterior surface of the interior base material 10 in order to prevent, for example, water vapor in the heated room air from permeating into the interior of the wall. Similarly, a waterproof polyethylene film or the like is affixed to the indoor side surface of the structural surface material 11 in order to prevent water vapor contained in the outside air from permeating into the inside of the wall.

In the above embodiment, the case in which the interior base material 10 is provided has been described. However, by forming a ventilation layer on the outdoor side of the structural face material 2, the structural face material 2 and the hard foamed resin described later are formed. Due to the heat insulating effect of the heat insulating layer, it is also possible to omit the interior base material 14 and directly represent the indoor side of the structural face material 2.

On the outdoor surface of the structural surface material 11,
Hard foamed urethane having a density of 30 to 40 kg / m3 is foamed in-situ to form a hard foamed resin heat-insulating layer 14 as an external heat-insulating structure. Since the hard foamed urethane foamed in situ has a high self-adhesive property, the hard foamed resin heat insulating layer 14 is, as shown in FIG.
Is continuously integrated with the hard foamed resin heat insulating layer 12B.
The hard foamed resin insulation layer 14 is
The air permeable layer 15 of about 20 to 30 mm is formed between them. The wall cladding 13 is made of, for example, a fire siding material having a thickness of about 10 mm.

The hard foamed resin insulation layer 14 is also formed as a part of the wall structure on the outer surface of the fabric base 1 by foaming in-situ. Then, the surface of the hard foamed resin heat insulating layer 14 formed on the outer surface of the cloth foundation 1 is covered with a mortar 16 constructed via a metal lath. Cloth foundation 1
The underfloor space is completely insulated by providing a hard foamed resin heat-insulating layer on the outer surface of the car.

The roof structure is provided with a ceiling member 17 provided below the shed 5, a structural surface member 11 nailed or screwed to the upper surface of the rafter 6, and an upper surface of the structural surface material 11. It has an insulated ventilation shell (not shown) and a roof base plate 18 that is nailed or screwed to the wood layer of the insulated ventilation shell. The roof base plate 18 has, for example, a thickness of 7 to 12 mm.
The roofing material 20 is laid on the upper surface of the structural plywood through a roof foundation material 19 such as asphalt felt.

The ceiling material 17 is made of, for example, plywood, chip plywood or particle board having a thickness of about 2 to 6 mm, similarly to the interior base material 10, and a vinyl cloth or the like is stuck on its indoor surface. Is done. For example, a waterproof polyethylene film or the like may be attached to the upper surface of the ceiling member 17 in order to prevent water vapor in the air in the heated room from passing through the cabin. Similarly, structural face material 1
A waterproof polyethylene film or the like may be attached to the lower surface of 1 in order to prevent water vapor contained in the outside air from permeating into the space behind the cabin.

In the above embodiment, the case where the ceiling material 17 is provided in the same manner as the interior base material 14 has been described. However, due to the heat insulating effect of the structural face material 2 and the hard foamed resin heat insulating layer 14, the ceiling material 17 is provided. May be omitted and the indoor side of the structural face material 2 may be directly represented.

The structural face material 11 as the above-mentioned wall structure and the heat-insulated ventilation shell 12 are pre-configured as a heat-insulating panel 21 as shown in FIG. This heat insulation panel 21
Is a pair of left and right heat-insulated ventilation shells 1 on one side of the structural face material 11.
2 is additionally provided. The heat-insulated ventilation shell 12 has a laminated structure of a wood layer 12A and a hard foamed resin heat-insulating layer 12B, and the hard foamed resin heat-insulating layer 12B is adhered and fixed to one surface of the structural face material 11. The structural face material 11 as the roof structure and the heat-insulated ventilation shell edge (not shown) are similarly configured.

As the structural face material 11, a thickness of 7 to 7 is usually used.
Structural plywood of about 12 mm is used. The structural surface material 11 may be a composite plate of a gypsum board, a particle board, a calcium silicate plate, a pulp cement plate, or the like and a structural plywood. The width and length of the structural panel 11 are set according to the wall structure and the roof structure.
It is set to a range of 00 mm and a length of 1800 to 2400 mm.

The pair of left and right heat-insulated ventilation shell edges 12 are 50 to 250 mm from the left and right side edges of the structural face material 11 so that the left and right side edges of the structural face material 11 can be nailed to columns or frames.
It is arranged close to the inside. This heat-insulated ventilation shell 1
2 is, for example, a wood layer 12A and a hard foamed resin heat insulating layer 12
B and B are laminated to form a plate-like laminate having a thickness of about 40 to 60 mm, and these laminates can be cut out and formed into a rod shape having a width of about 30 mm. The thickness of each of the wood layer 12A and the hard foamed resin heat insulating layer 12B at each heat insulating ventilation shell 12 is set to about 20 to 30 mm.

The foamed resin constituting the hard foamed resin heat insulating layer 12B has a density of 30 to 40 kg / m3 because it has high water resistance and a tough closed cell structure.
Is used. Hard foamed polystyrene may be used as long as it has the same performance.

In the detached house constructed as described above, the hard foamed resin heat insulating layer 14 attached to the outdoor surface of the structural face material 11 by in-situ foaming of the hard foamed urethane has the left and right heat-insulated ventilation rims 12. And is continuous with the hard foamed resin heat insulating layer 12B in the width direction. That is, the detached house is highly insulated by covering the wall structure and the roof structure without gaps with the hard foamed resin heat insulating layers 14 and 12B. Further, in this detached house, a waterproof polyethylene film or the like is stuck on the outside surface of the interior base material 10 and the ceiling material 17 to form a structural face material 1 as a wall structure and a roof structure.
When a waterproof polyethylene film is attached to the indoor side surface of 1, the airtightness can be further improved.

In this building, the ventilation layer 1
By circulating outside air through the inside of 5, the inside of the wall structure and the roof structure is prevented from being wet. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the inside of the wall structure and the roof structure from becoming wet and prevent the occurrence of dew condensation inside, regardless of environmental changes in temperature and humidity throughout the winter and summer seasons. Can be prevented and the durability of the building can be improved. Further, in summer, the thicker the outside of the wall and roof becomes, the more intense the outside air flows inside the ventilation layer 15, so that the heat radiation effect is further enhanced. Therefore, a substantially constant room temperature can be maintained throughout the four seasons.

Here, as shown in FIG. 1, one embodiment of an air conditioning method which is a feature of the present invention will be described. An air supply grill 22 is installed on an upper part of a wall in a room while communicating with outside air. On the floor, a ventilation opening 8A that opens under the floor is provided in the floor material 8, a ventilation fan is built in, and a ventilation unit 23 is installed on the dirt 9 under the floor. 23 exhausts air from under the floor.

The air vents 8A may be provided at a plurality of locations on the first floor in consideration of air flow efficiency. For example, a plurality of the vents 8A may be provided at four corners or near a wall of each living room. The ventilation unit 23 is connected with an intake duct 23A and an exhaust duct 23B. The front end of the intake duct 23A is opened at a substantially central portion under the floor, and the front end of the exhaust duct 23B is opened to the outside air through a through hole 1A provided in the cloth foundation 1.

Since the distal end of the intake duct 23A is open at a remote position without being connected to the vent 8A, the air in the living space is sucked from the vent 8A and flows into the underfloor space. Once flowing into the underfloor space, the air is sucked from the opening at the tip of the intake duct 23A by the ventilation unit 23 and exhausted from the exhaust duct 23B. Thus, fresh outside air is introduced into the room through the intake grill 22.

The position of the vent 8A is preferably determined in consideration of the circulation of the air in the living space without stagnation not only on the first floor but also on the second floor. It is preferable to provide it in a closet or the like instead of providing it. Further, in the above-described embodiment, the configuration is described in which the ventilation unit 23 is installed in the soil under the floor and the exhaust duct 23B is made to pass through the through hole 1A provided on the cloth foundation. However, the tip opening of the intake duct 23A is arranged below the floor. If so, the installation position of the ventilation unit and the position through which the exhaust duct penetrates are not limited to the above embodiment.

Accordingly, the ventilation unit 23 is installed, for example, on the first floor, and an intake duct whose tip opens below the floor is connected to the intake side of the ventilation unit, and the exhaust duct on the exhaust side of the ventilation unit penetrates the fabric base. It may be configured to penetrate the wall structure without opening and open to the outside air.
Further, the tip of the air intake duct 23A is not necessarily limited to be opened at the central portion under the floor, and may be arranged at the farthest position under the floor from the vent 8A.

In this case, the air supply grill 22 is installed on the upper part of the indoor wall, and the air in the living space is supplied to the air intake duct 23A through the ventilation port 8A at an almost central position in the underfloor space.
Therefore, the air conditioning in the room is performed from above to below. As a result, at the time of cooling and heating, the warm air staying in the upper part of the room falls downward and is mixed with the cool air.
Therefore, it is possible to ventilate the room while improving the efficiency of cooling and heating.

According to the present invention, the underfloor space can be integrally managed by circulating the cooled and heated air, similarly to the living space. By providing the vent 8A, the underfloor space can be cooled and heated integrally with the living space by effectively utilizing the air that has been cooled and heated even in the underfloor space, and a heat storage element that stores cold or warm heat of the floor material. Function can also be used. Therefore, it is not necessary to lay a heat insulating board on the lower surface of the floor material, and a comfortable floor surface can be obtained.

The somewhat dirty air in the living space is exhausted from below the floor without discharging or staying in the room, and the living space is maintained at about 20 ° C. throughout the four seasons to provide a healthy and comfortable living space. You can get space. Furthermore, by installing the ventilation unit 23 in the underfloor space, the living space can be used more effectively.

[0032]

As described above, according to the detached house of the present invention, the underfloor space can be cooled and heated in the same manner as the living space, so that there is no need for a heat insulating board to be laid on the lower surface of the floor material. Costs can be reduced. In addition, by utilizing the air in the living space also under the floor, the upper and lower surfaces of the first floor can be kept at the same temperature, and the entire housing space can be kept at almost the same temperature. Therefore, the first floor is not cooled from under the floor, which is effective as an energy saving measure. Further, since the complete air-conditioning management can be performed up to the underfloor space, the humidity can always be kept constant. Therefore, generation of mold and mite and dew condensation can be prevented, and not only excellent durability but also a healthy and comfortable living space can be obtained.

Further, the air supply grill is installed in the upper part of the room, and the ventilation unit draws the room air through the intake duct by the operation of the ventilation fan, so that the room is ventilated from above to below. As a result, at the time of cooling and heating, fresh outside air is introduced into the room through the intake grill, and warm air staying above the room falls downward and is mixed with cool air. In this manner, the room can be ventilated while improving the efficiency of cooling and heating.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partial longitudinal sectional view of a building equipped with an indoor ventilation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the wall structure of the building shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a heat insulating panel used for a wall structure and a roof structure of a building.

[Description of Signs] 1: Cloth foundation 1A: Insertion hole 2: Base 4: Pillar 5: Shed bar 6: Rafter 7: Floor joist 8: Floor material 8A: Vent 9: Soil 9A: Crushed stone layer 9B: Sand layer 9C: Moisture-proof polyethylene film 9D: Concrete layer 10: Interior base material 11: Structural surface material 12: Insulated ventilation shell 12A: Wood layer 12B: Hard foamed resin insulation layer 13: Wall exterior material 14: Hard foamed resin insulation layer 15: Ventilation Layer 16: Mortar 17: Ceiling material 18: Roof base plate 19: Roof base material 20: Roofing material 21: Heat insulation panel 22: Air supply grill 23: Ventilation unit 23A: Intake duct 23B: Exhaust duct

Claims (5)

[Claims] In a detached house having a high airtightness and high heat insulation by enclosing a housing space composed of a living space, a back of a cabin, and a space under the floor with a heat insulating board or the like, a ventilation opening opening into the underfloor space on the first floor. A ventilation unit with a built-in ventilation fan is installed in the appropriate place in the residential space, and an intake duct with a tip opening below the floor is connected to the intake side of the ventilation unit, and the tip is open to the outside air on the exhaust side of the ventilation unit A detached house with a connected exhaust duct. 2. The detached house according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation unit is installed on a floor, and an exhaust duct is passed through a through hole provided in a wall structure. 3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the ventilation unit is installed under the first floor.
The detached house according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust duct is passed through a through hole provided in the cloth foundation. 4. The air intake duct according to claim 1, wherein the opening of the intake duct is disposed at a position farthest below the floor from a vent provided on the first floor. The detached house described. 5. The detached house according to claim 1, wherein a concrete layer is provided on a sheet made of polyethylene or the like between the soil under the floor.