JPH11300225A - Milling apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To sufficiently mill a material to be milled while inhibiting the object from moving in the radial direction. SOLUTION: This milling apparatus comprises a rotary disk 14 in one side of a treatment tank 1 and a plurality of movable cutters 21 installed concentrically at positioned in different radius directions of the rotary disk 14. Further, a plurality of fixed cutters 22 interlocked with the movable cutters 21 are installed in the same side of the treatment tank 1 and partitioning walls 24 for partition the cutter pairs interlocked with each other in the respective radial directions are formed in the same side of the treatment tank 1.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a crusher for finely crushing objects such as wood and plastic which have been coarsely crushed in advance.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A pulverizer of this type includes a centrifugal mill or a disc mill in which a material to be pulverized is sequentially moved radially outward using centrifugal force to perform pulverization. As an example of this, there is a configuration in which a rotating disk is provided in a processing tank, and pins that mesh with each other are provided concentrically on the processing tank side and the rotating disk side. In this case, when the object to be crushed is introduced into the center of the processing tank, the object to be crushed is moved radially outward under centrifugal force, and in this process, the object to be crushed is crushed by the engagement between the pins. And crushed.

[0003]

However, in this case, since a large number of pins are simply arranged in the processing tank,
The object to be crushed is quickly moved in the radial direction, and the crushing may be insufficient.

[0004]

A crusher according to the present invention comprises:
A rotating disk is provided on one side in the processing tank, a plurality of moving cutters are provided concentrically at different radial positions of the rotating disk, and a plurality of fixed cutters meshing with the moving cutter are provided on the processing tank side. A partition is provided on the processing tank side for separating cutter sets meshing with each other at radial positions.

[0005] According to this, the movement of the material to be crushed is prevented by the partition walls, and the material to be crushed can be retained, so that pulverization can be sufficiently performed.

Here, it is preferable that the partition is provided on a lid of the processing tank which is arranged to face the rotating disk.

It is preferable that the fixed cutter is attached to the partition.

It is preferable that the partition has a circular shape along the circumferential direction of the rotating disk, and has a passage opening at a predetermined position in the circumferential direction for passing the material to be ground.

It is preferable that opposing surfaces of the partition wall and the rotating disk are separated from each other at a predetermined interval so as to allow the material to be crushed to pass therethrough.

It is preferable that the movable cutter is detachably attached to a boss portion erecting from the rotating disk so as to be adjustable in projection length.

[0011] Preferably, the engaging portion of the cutter set includes a pointed portion of the movable cutter and an edge portion of the fixed cutter engaged with the pointed portion with a predetermined clearance therebetween. .

[0012] It is preferable that the clearance between the cutters in the cutter set is gradually reduced as it reaches the outer radial position.

Further, it is preferable that the rotating disk is radially divided at a position between the moving cutters and rotated at different rotational speeds.

[0014]

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 9 shows the entire pulverizer according to the present embodiment. Such a crusher includes a processing tank 1 for introducing a material to be crushed and performing a crushing process, a motor 2 for rotating a rotating disk in the processing tank 1, and a support for rotatably supporting the processing tank 1. It is mainly configured with the base 3. As shown in FIG. 10, the processing tank 1 and the support 3 are connected via pins 4. Further, the bolt 5 screwed into the processing tank 1 can be moved in an arc-shaped long hole 6 provided in the support base 3, and the processing tank 1 can be fixed at an arbitrary angular position by tightening the bolt 5. It has become.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show the inside of the processing tank 1, respectively. The processing tank 1 is configured by bolting together a bottomed cylindrical tank body 7 having an open top and a lid 8 which is fitted in the upper open part of the tank body 7 and closes it. The motor 2 is mounted coaxially on the lower surface of the bottom wall 9 of the tank 7. A boss 11 is attached to a rotating shaft 10 of the motor 2, and the rotating shaft 10 and the boss 11 protrude into the processing tank 1. Seal member 12 between boss 11 and bottom wall 9
And a ball bearing 13 are provided.

A rotating disk 14 is provided on the bottom side in the processing tank 1.
Is provided. The rotating disk 14 is fitted to the boss 11 and is integrally fixed by welding. Thus, the rotating disk 14 is directly driven by the motor 2.
The rotating disk 14 is a circular flat plate having a predetermined thickness,
The entire surface of the bottom wall 9 is covered with a predetermined gap 20 therebetween. However, the gap 20 is reduced on the center side, and the gap 20 is sealed by the felt seal 15 provided on the bottom wall 9.

A pulverizing chamber 17 is defined by the rotating disk 14, the lid 8 and the outer peripheral wall 16 of the tank body which are arranged to face each other. The material to be crushed is introduced into the crushing chamber 17 through an inlet 18 provided at the center of the lid 8. The rotating disk 14 slides on the inner peripheral surface of the outer peripheral wall 16 of the tank body when rotating. For this reason, it is conceivable that fine particles on the order of microns enter the gap 20 from the sliding portion. However, the infiltration into the ball bearing 13 is prevented by the felt seal 15 and the seal member 12. Thereby, the durability of the ball bearing 13 is improved. In addition, as shown by a virtual line in FIG.
If a nozzle 19 for injecting air is provided at the center of the crushing chamber, the infiltrated fine particles can flow back and return to the crushing processing chamber 17.

Here, a movable cutter 21 and a fixed cutter 22 for cutting and pulverizing an object to be pulverized are provided on the rotary disk 14 side and the processing tank 1 side, respectively. That is, the rotating disk 14 is provided with a plurality of boss members 23 which stand upward, and this forms a boss portion of the rotating disk 14 so that the movable cutter 21 can be attached. On the other hand, a plurality of partition plates 24 suspended from the lid 8,
The fixed cutter 22 is attached to the outer peripheral wall 16 of the tank body.

As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG.
Is a circular substrate 26 and a diamond-shaped column 27 standing above it.
(Columnar member). A circular insertion portion 28 is formed at the bottom of the rhombic column 27 so as to protrude therefrom.
6 and are integrally welded.
The circular substrate 26 has a pair of bolt insertion holes 25 and is fitted into the hole 30 of the rotating disk 14. A female screw hole 31 coaxial with the bolt insertion hole 27 is also provided on the rotary disc 14.
Is provided, a high tension bolt (not shown) is inserted into the bolt insertion hole 27 from above and screwed into the female screw hole 31 to complete the attachment of the boss member 23 to the rotating disk 14. The boss member 23 is, as shown in FIG.
A plurality of concentric circles are provided at different radial positions of the rotating disk 14 at equal intervals over the entire circumference. The figure is partially omitted.

As shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 5 and FIG.
The moving cutters 21 are mounted on the opposite side surfaces of the moving cutter 7 in an overlapping manner. That is, the movable cutter 21 is provided with a pair of long holes 32 long in the horizontal direction at the top and bottom. Correspondingly, a pair of female screw holes 33 are provided on both side surfaces of the rhombic column 27. Therefore, if a high tension bolt (not shown) is inserted into the long hole 32 from the side and screwed and fastened to the female screw hole 33, the attachment of the moving cutter 21 to the boss member 23 is completed. Thus, two moving cutters 21 are provided for each boss member 23.

The movable cutter 21 is formed in a vertically long rectangular flat plate shape, and one side thereof is formed as a pointed head 34 having a triangular cross section in the entire height direction. It has become. A carbide tip 35 having excellent wear resistance is embedded at the tip of the pointed head 34. The pointed head 34 of the movable cutter 21 projects radially outward of the rotary disk 14 from the rhombic column 27, is directed forward in the rotational direction of the rotary disk 14, and has an edge portion 36 of the fixed cutter 22.
And a predetermined clearance S. As described above, the pointed head 34 and the edge 36 form the meshing part of the cutter set of the movable cutter 21 and the fixed cutter 22.

With the above configuration, the movable cutter 21 is detachably attached to the boss member 23 so as to be able to adjust the projection length. That is, if the bolts that fasten each other are loosened, the protruding length of the movable cutter 21 from the boss member 23 can be adjusted, and the clearance S with the fixed cutter 22 can be adjusted. This allows the grinding diameter of the material to be ground to be adjusted freely,
It becomes extremely convenient. The clearance can be easily adjusted using a jig. Further, if the bolt is removed, the movable cutter 21 can be removed, and polishing when worn can be performed. In this way, running costs and maintenance costs can be reduced. Further, if the lid 8 is removed, the partition plate 24 also comes off, so that the position adjustment and attachment / detachment of the movable cutter 21 and attachment / detachment of the boss member 23 and the fixed cutter 22 are easy.

On the other hand, referring to FIGS. 2, 3 and 8, the partition plate 24 is formed in a circular or ring shape that makes one round along the circumferential direction of the rotary disk 14, and a circular plate formed on the lid 8 is formed. It is fitted in the fitting groove 36 and is fixed by a bolt (not shown). The partition plate 24 hangs down toward the rotating disk 14, and its tip surface is opposed to the upper surface of the rotating disk 14, so that a relatively small gap T is formed between the partition plate 24 and the upper surface.

The fixed cutter 22 is an inner peripheral portion 38 of the partition plate 24.
It is embedded and attached to. That is, the fixed cutter 22 is vertically long and rectangular in cross section, and has female screw holes 37 at four locations in the vertical direction. A groove 39 having the same shape is also formed in the inner peripheral portion 38 of the partition plate 24, and the fixed cutter 22 is fitted into the groove 39.
Four bolt insertion holes 40 corresponding to the female screw holes 37 are formed through the partition plate 24, and bolts (not shown) are inserted into the bolt insertion holes 40 from outside in the radial direction, and these are screwed into the female screw holes 37. Thus, the fixed cutter 22 is attached to the partition plate 24. At the entrance of the bolt insertion hole 40, a seat 4 for seating the head of the bolt is provided.
1 is formed. The above configuration is similarly applied to a portion where the outer peripheral wall 16 of the tank body and the fixed cutter 22 are attached.

Here, as shown in FIG. 1, since the boss member 23 is attached as described above, the movable cutter 21 is mounted.
Are different radial positions of the rotating disk 14, here 3
At a plurality of radial positions, a plurality of concentric circles are arranged at a predetermined pitch in the circumferential direction. A plurality of fixed cutters 22 are arranged adjacent to the moving cutter 21 at each radial position at a constant pitch in the circumferential direction, and two partition plates 24 having different diameters are provided concentrically so as to separate these cutter sets. ing. Thus, the partition plate 24 constitutes the partition of the present invention. In addition, it can be said that the partition plate 24 partitions the grinding processing chamber 17 in the radial direction in accordance with the position of the cutter assembly. Therefore, each of the pulverization processing chambers 17 partitioned by the partition plate 24 is divided into the first, second, and third pulverization processing chambers 4 from the radial inside.
2, 43, 44.

As shown in FIG. 1, each partition plate 24 is provided with a passage port 45 through which the material to be pulverized in each of the pulverization processing chambers 42 is passed. Passage port 45 is circumferential direction 90
Are provided at the same interval in the circumferential direction. on the other hand,
The tank outer peripheral wall 16 is provided with only one discharge port 46 for discharging the object to be processed after the pulverization process is completed. The discharge port 46 is also provided at the same circumferential position as one passage port 45. The opening area of the discharge port 46 is made larger than that of the passage port 45.

Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described.

When the motor 2 is started, the rotating disk 1
4 is rotated, and accordingly, all the moving cutters 21 are rotated about the axis of the rotating shaft 10 of the motor 2 in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. In this state, when a coarsely crushed object is introduced from the introduction port 18 in advance, the crushed material is first crushed in the first crushing processing chamber 42 into a cutting shape by the engagement between the movable cutter 21 and the fixed cutter 22. . At this time, since there are a plurality of movable cutters 21 and a large number of fixed cutters 22 are provided, the number of cuttings per rotation is considerable.

Since the intermeshing portion between the cutters or the first crushing chamber 42 is partitioned by the partition plate 24, the material to be crushed does not immediately move radially outward due to centrifugal force. The pulverized material can be retained for a predetermined time and repeatedly pulverized. Thereby, pulverization can be sufficiently performed, and pulverization does not become insufficient.

During the pulverization, the object to be pulverized passes through the passage 45 when it reaches the passage port 45, and then passes through the next second pulverization processing chamber 4.
Go to 3. Further, it moves to the second pulverization processing chamber 43 through a slight gap T below the partition plate 24. As described above, since the residence time of the object to be crushed is determined by the total opening area of the passage port 45 and the gap T, it is possible to perform efficient crushing by appropriately setting this. In particular, the crushed material accumulates at the bottom, and the crushing is positively performed on the bottom side. However, since the crushed material immediately after crushing can be directly discharged from the gap T, clogging of the crushed material is prevented. As described above, the interval of the gap T is optimally determined so as to balance the movement and the stay of the crushed object.

In the first pulverization processing chamber 42, since the pulverization can be performed while the object to be pulverized is pressed against the partition plate 24 by centrifugal force, the pulverization can be performed efficiently.

The second and third pulverization processing chambers 44,
Grinding in 45 is performed similarly. And such 3
Through the stages of the pulverization process, the material to be pulverized is gradually atomized,
Finally, it is pulverized to a micron unit. The material to be crushed in the third crushing processing chamber 45 is discharged when reaching the discharge port 46. As shown in FIG. 10, a suction side of a blower 47 is connected to the discharge port 46 to suck the material to be ground near the discharge port 46, and the first to third crushing processing chambers 43.
, The internal pressure is reduced in order to facilitate movement in the discharge direction.

As described above, in such a pulverizer, the pulverization efficiency can be improved, a large amount of pulverization can be obtained, and fine pulverization can be performed to a sufficient particle size, so that preferable characteristics as a pulverizer can be obtained.

The grinding efficiency is determined by the number of engagements of the cutter per one rotation of the disk. In such a grinding machine, the number of the movable cutters 21 and the fixed cutters 22 can be increased infinitely as long as the space allows. By increasing the number of times, the pulverization efficiency can be greatly improved, and the amount of pulverization per unit time can be significantly increased.

The number of cutters may be increased in the circumferential direction, or may be increased in the radial direction as shown in FIG. That is, in the illustrated example, cutter sets are provided at four locations in the radial direction, and pulverization is performed at the four locations. It is also possible to reduce the number of cutters in the circumferential direction and the radial direction by the reverse idea. In FIG. 13, the moving cutter 21 is used.
In addition, only the rotation trajectory P of the movable cutter 21 and the radial position Q of the fixed cutter 22 are shown, omitting the fixed cutter 22.

Further, even if such pulverizers are provided in series in multiple stages, the pulverization efficiency can be improved. In the example of FIG. 10, the processing tanks 1 of two pulverizers are arranged at different heights and alternately inclined. In addition, as shown in FIG. 11, four processing tanks 1 may be used, and as shown in FIG. 12, the processing tanks 1 may be arranged in steps.

Here, if the treatment tank 1 is appropriately inclined so that the discharge port 46 is at the bottom, the material to be crushed easily comes out of the discharge port 46 under the influence of gravity, and the pulverization efficiency can be improved. For this reason, the processing tank 1 can be fixed at an arbitrary angular position. Note that the angle at which the maximum efficiency is obtained differs depending on the model, the type of the object to be ground, and the like. The processing tank 1 can be used even if it is inclined vertically. Incidentally, if the processing tank 1 is inclined in this way, the processing tank 1 can be fixed in a desired posture during work such as adjusting the position of the movable cutter 21, which is very convenient.

In such a crusher, the passage port 45 of each partition plate 24 is provided at the same circumferential position, and the discharge port 46 is provided at the same circumferential position as one of the passage ports 45. For this reason, the passage port 45 and the discharge port 46 are aligned in the radial direction, and the object to be crushed appears to pass straight. However, since the moving cutter 21 and the boss member 23 are actually rotating at a high speed, the object to be ground at the moment when it comes out of the passage opening 45 is repelled and moved in the circumferential direction. Therefore, there is no particular problem in such an arrangement.

However, it is possible to change these circumferential positions. For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 14, the passage port 45 or the discharge port 46 shifts in the direction opposite to the disk rotation direction as going radially outward. Therefore, the stagnation in each of the crushing processing chambers 43 is more positively performed, and the crushing efficiency can be increased.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 (b), the fixed cutter 22 is mounted so as to be inclined with respect to the disk radial direction such that the front surface 48 faces forward in the disk rotational direction, and is fixed rearward in the disk rotational direction. At the edge portion 36 of the movable cutter 21. This is because the sharpened blades or corners perform the cutting-like pulverization and, at the same time, form the escape area 49 for allowing the pulverized material after the cutting to escape. Conversely, FIG.
If the fixed cutter 22 is not inclined as shown in FIG.
Since the crushing is performed so as to be crushed by the front surface 48 of the fixed cutter 22, the crushing efficiency is deteriorated. Since such a pulverizer performs pulverization in a cutting shape, pulverization can be performed reliably and with high efficiency.

In this embodiment, the fixed cutter 22 is connected to the partition plate 24.
It is embedded and attached. In this case, the mounting space and the number of components are minimized, and the partition plate 24 can be given a role as a support member. However, a support member for the fixed cutter 22 is separately provided, or the fixed cutter 22 is
The partition plate 24 can be prevented from being shared by, for example, directly attaching the partition plate 24.

In the present embodiment, the partition plate 24 is made to make one round in the circumferential direction. However, the partition plate 24 can be appropriately divided in the circumferential direction.

On the other hand, in such a crusher, the moving cutter 21 is provided on one rotating disk 14, and all the moving cutters 21 are rotated at the same rotation speed. It is conceivable that the size of the cutter increases and the durability of the cutter deteriorates. Therefore, in this case, the rotating disk may be radially divided at the position between the moving cutters, and each rotating disk may be rotated at a different rotation speed. Specifically, the radially outer rotating disk is rotated at a lower rotation speed than the radially inner rotating disk. By doing so, the peripheral speed of the movable cutter 21 on the radially outer side can be reduced, and the durability of the cutter can be improved. The number of divisions is not limited, and the motor may be rotated by a common motor via a speed reduction mechanism, or may be rotated by separate motors. Note that the motor 2 according to the present embodiment uses a high-output motor having 16 poles.
Grinding on the radially outer side, which requires a relatively large amount of force, can be reliably performed.

Further, the clearance S between the movable cutter 21 and the fixed cutter 22 may be gradually reduced toward the outside in the radial direction. In this way, coarse pulverization is performed in the first
The particle size can be gradually reduced, for example, in the second pulverization processing chamber 43, for medium pulverization, and in the third pulverization processing chamber 44, for fine pulverization. In the same way, the partition plate 24 and the rotating disk 1
4 can also be changed for each partition plate 24. For example, it is conceivable to gradually decrease the distance toward the outside in the radial direction.

Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention can adopt various other embodiments.

[0047]

As described above, according to the present invention, an excellent effect that the material to be crushed is retained by the partition walls and crushing can be sufficiently performed is exhibited.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a processing tank, in which a lid is omitted.

FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional front view of a processing tank.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing an engagement portion between a movable cutter and a fixed cutter.

FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic plan views showing the arrangement of the fixed cutter, wherein FIG. 4A shows a case where there is no inclination, and FIG.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional plan view of the boss member.

FIG. 6 shows an attached state of the boss member to the rotating disk,
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 5.

7A and 7B show a moving cutter, wherein FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional plan view and FIG. 7B is a front view.

FIG. 8 is a front view of the fixed cutter.

FIG. 9 is an overall view of a crusher.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of use of a crusher.

FIG. 11 is a view showing another example of use of the crusher.

FIG. 12 is a view showing another example of use of the crusher.

FIG. 13 is a schematic partial plan view showing another embodiment of the crusher.

FIG. 14 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the crusher.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Processing tank 8 Lid 14 Rotating disk 21 Moving cutter 22 Fixed cutter 23 Boss part 24 Partition plate 34 Pointed head 36 Edge part 45 Passage port S Clearance T Gap

Claims (9)

[Claims] A rotating disk provided on one side of the processing tank;
A plurality of movable cutters are provided concentrically at different radial positions of the rotating disk, and a plurality of fixed cutters meshing with the movable cutter are provided on the processing tank side, and the respective radial cutters are provided on the processing tank side. A pulverizer characterized in that a partition for separating cutter sets meshing with each other at a position is provided. 2. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein the partition wall is provided on a lid of the processing tank disposed opposite to the rotating disk. 3. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein the fixed cutter is attached to the partition. 4. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the partition wall has a circular shape along the circumferential direction of the rotating disk, and has a passage opening at a predetermined position in the circumferential direction for passing the material to be crushed. Machine. 5. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein opposing surfaces of the partition wall and the rotating disk are separated from each other at a predetermined interval so as to allow an object to be crushed to pass therethrough. 6. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein said movable cutter is detachably attached to a boss portion rising from said rotary disk so as to be adjustable in projection length. 7. An engaging portion of the cutter set includes a pointed portion of the movable cutter and an edge portion of the fixed cutter engaged with the pointed portion with a predetermined clearance. A crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 6. 8. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein a clearance between the cutters in the cutter set is gradually reduced as the cutters reach an outer radial position. 9. The crusher according to claim 1, wherein the rotating disk is radially divided at a position between the moving cutters and rotated at different rotation speeds.