JPH11293254A - Apparatus and process for reductive pyrolytic carbonization of combustible waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To treat wastes without causing environmental pollution upon incineration by providing a reduction chamber having double-doors having a structure not permitting simultaneous opening at the inlet and outlet of a carbonization apparatus and filled with nitrogen, filling the carbonization chamber with e.g. heated oxygen-free air to keep the chamber at a specified temperature, and continuously carbonizing combustible wastes moved with e.g. a conveyor system. SOLUTION: Combustible wastes are carbonized by a reduction system instead of incineration. The wastes are fed into the reduction chamber provided at the inlet of the apparatus. The reduction chamber has doors at its outlet and inlet, is filled with nitrogen to establish an oxygen-free state, and the wastes are sent to the carbonization apparatus. The carbonization apparatus is a reduction zone with a combustion gas from petroleum or the like and kept at an inside temperature of 400-500 deg.C. The vaporized waste components are discharged through a duct. The residue in the carbonization apparatus is moved with a conveyor, a turn table, a bucket elevator, or the like, and carbonized by heating for 60-200 min. The carbonized residue is discharged via the reduction chamber on the side of the exit. The char can find utility in soil improvement and water purification.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method for pyrolytic carbonization of combustible waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, regarding the treatment of combustible waste, many of the main points of incineration for discharging dioxins and harmful substances have been pointed out.

[0003] The incineration process pollutes the atmosphere with exhaust gas and pollutes the earth and rivers with rainwater. The incinerated ash is disposed of in landfills, but many problems have been pointed out in its management.

[0004] Therefore, there is increasing interest in methods other than incineration of combustible waste.

[0005] However, a complete treatment method has not yet been established. For fuel made from solid fuel, it seems that it will take time to spread the fuel because a combustion device for the fuel has not been developed.

[0006] If the solidified fuel is incinerated, residual ash is generated.

Therefore, there is a demand for a treatment method other than the incineration treatment.

[0008]

A method other than incineration must be established for the treatment of combustible waste, and the waste must be treated without causing environmental pollution.

[0009]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above object, the reduction type combustible waste carbonization apparatus of the present invention can carbonize combustible waste without burning it.

In this apparatus, waste is quantified, the waste is put into a reduction chamber provided at the entrance of the apparatus, and oxygen (air) brought in from the outside is filled with nitrogen in the reduction chamber, and the oxygen-free state is obtained. And send it to the carbonization unit.

[0011] The carbonization equipment is set in the reduction zone in advance by burning oil and gas, filling with nitrogen, etc.

[0012] The carbonization equipment is provided with a duct for exhausting the vaporized waste content components.

[0013] There is a device that superheats the reducing gas so that the temperature inside the carbonization device is maintained at 400 to 500 ° C.

[0014] The carbonization apparatus can be selected from four methods, one of a conveyor type, a turntable type, a bucket type, and a continuous heating type, depending on the quantity and quality of the material to be processed or the space in which the device is to be arranged. I can do it.

[0015] The waste is reduced to about 400 in the carbonization equipment.
It is heated from ℃ to 500 ℃ for 60 to 200 minutes and carbonized gradually.

The components of the waste vaporize during the heating time and are exhausted from the duct of the device.

The exhausted components are not burnt, but are recovered by an adsorbent or washed with water to form harmless gas and discharged to the outside air.

[0018] The carbonized waste becomes charcoal and is discharged through the reduction chamber at the outlet of the device.

The discharged charcoal can be used for soil improvement and water purification.

[0020]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. First, a basic carbonization device will be described with reference to FIG. In general, when making charcoal, put wood in a furnace or kettle and ignite,
When the temperature of the furnace or kiln reaches a certain temperature due to the heat, close the furnace or kiln entrance and leave it. Heated wood loses oxygen in the furnace or oven and cannot burn, but receives indoor temperature to evaporate vaporized components and leave carbon content. The apparatus of the present invention moves the processed material from the first reduction chamber to the second carbonization processing unit 3 without igniting the combustibles that have been input. The reduction chambers 1 and 3 are filled with nitrogen to prevent inflow of oxygen from outside air. The carbonization treatment unit 2 keeps the temperature in the unit from 400 ° C to 500 ° C and puts it in the reduction zone by filling with nitrogen and heating and burning. In addition, the reduction chamber of No. 3 is ignited when the carbonized charcoal is exposed to the outside air with high temperature, so it serves as a cooling room.

The reduction chamber shown in FIG. 2 can be used horizontally or vertically. Doors are provided at the entrance 4 and the exit 5 and the door 4 opens when waste is put in. When the door 4 is open, the door 5 is closed. After the waste has been charged, close the door of 4 and fill the reduction chamber with nitrogen. When the oxygen concentration in the room becomes less than about 5%, open door 5 and waste enters the carbonization equipment. The double door prevents external air from flowing into the carbonization equipment.
Double doors can use a vertical sliding type, a horizontal sliding type or a flip-up door.

Since the type (shape) of the carbonization apparatus is intended for continuous carbonization of waste, the conveyor system shown in FIG. 3, the turntable system shown in FIG. 4, the bucket system shown in FIG. 5, and the continuous heating shown in FIG. Four types of methods are available.

Although the basic functions of the carbonization equipment are the same for each type, each type can be selected according to the nature and shape of the waste. In addition, each type of carbonization equipment is required because the temperature setting and the processing time of the waste differ depending on the nature.

[0024]

According to the present invention, flammable waste can be safely carbonized without relying on incineration that generates pollution, and at the same time, the coal discharged (produced) from the apparatus of the present invention can be used as fuel or fuel. It can be used for soil improvement and water purification.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the basic concept of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a reduction chamber before and after a carbonization device.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of each type (shape) of a carbonization apparatus.

[Explanation of symbols]

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] July 27, 1998

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Brief description of drawings

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the basic concept of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a reduction chamber before and after a carbonization device.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a conveyor type carbonization apparatus.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a turntable type carbonization apparatus.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a bucket type carbonization apparatus.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a continuous superheating type carbonization apparatus.

[Description of References] From FIG. 1 1-Reduction chamber inlet 2-Carbonization treatment device 3-Reduction chamber outlet From Fig. 2 4-Door 5-Door

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A reduction chamber having a double door is provided at an inlet for sending waste to an apparatus for carbonizing flammable waste and an outlet for discharging waste. The double door of the reduction chamber has a structure in which the inlet door and the outlet do not open at the same time, and the reduction chamber is filled with nitrogen to make it an oxygen-free chamber to prevent outside air from flowing into the carbonization equipment. 2. The combustible waste carbonization apparatus is a room in a reduction zone filled with heated oxygen-free air or nitrogen. The temperature inside the apparatus is maintained at about 400 ° C. to about 500 ° C. The wastes are continuously moved from the inlet to the outlet and carbonized. One method of transferring waste is a conveyor system. This is a scraper type conveyor system with a plate that has a 1-span capacity that can store the capacity of the anoxic chamber according to claim 1 by passing the carbonization processing unit through a duct or a pipe and passing through an endless chain. 3. The carbonization treatment apparatus is formed in a columnar shape, and the waste is put into a box in the apparatus in which the circumference of the carbonization treatment apparatus can be accommodated by 6 to 8 in which the capacity of the reduction chamber according to claim 1 can be stored. In addition, a turntable system in which the bottom of a cylindrical carbonization device moves and carbonizes on a rotating turntable. 4. The shape of the carbonization device is made rectangular,
Bucket method in which waste is put in a bucket in advance and carbonized by moving the entire bucket inside the device 5. A continuous heating system in which a carbonization treatment device is provided by continuously arranging the reduction chambers of claim 1 and heating and carbonizing each of the chambers (in this case, the waste moves in a bucket, but the temperature drops. (Available for late waste)