JPH11290659A - Operation of membrane module - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an operation method for a membrane module for removing easily droplets formed in a flow path into which gas is introduced. SOLUTION: Gas is introduced from a gas inlet 4 and liquid is introduced from a liquid inlet 11a and the gas-liquid contact operation through a gas-liquid contact membrane is carried out at the time of normal operation. In the case of removing condensate in a gas flow path 18, dry gas of room temperature or higher in place of the normally using gas is introduced from the gas inlet 4 to evaporate and remove the condensate. Or the flow rate of gas flowing in the gas flow path 18 is increased instantly to form the condensate into splashes and exhaust the same together with gas to the outside.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for operating a membrane module used for a gas-liquid contact operation such as dissolving a gas in a liquid or releasing a gas from a liquid.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in many fields such as the chemical industry, a gas-liquid contact operation such as gas dissolution into a liquid (gas dissolution) or gas emission from a liquid (gas emission) is performed.
For example, as gas dissolution, supply of oxygen to a microorganism culture solution in the pharmaceutical field, etc., dissolution of ozone to an ultrapure water line in the electronics industry, supply of oxygen to fish in the fisheries industry, or NO _x (nitrogen oxide) or SO _x Exhaust gas treatment such as (sulfur oxide) may be mentioned, and gas emission may be decarbonation treatment in pure water production.

[0003] A membrane is used for such a gas-liquid contact operation. In a gas-liquid contact operation using a membrane, mass transfer between the two phases, gas and liquid, occurs through the membrane due to the partial pressure difference between the liquid and the gas, thereby dissolving or dispersing the gas. In the gas-liquid contact operation using a membrane, a large contact area per unit volume can be taken, so that efficient gas dissolution or gas dissipation is possible.

As a form of a membrane module used in a gas-liquid contact method using a membrane, a hollow fiber type having high filling efficiency and a spiral type having excellent reliability have been proposed. In particular, in the spiral type membrane module, the mass transfer coefficient per unit area of the membrane is high, and efficient gas-liquid contact operation is possible.

In a spiral type membrane module, for example, a permeable membrane is superimposed on both sides of a fluid flow path material, and a net-shaped flow path material is superposed on the outer side thereof and wound spirally around the outer peripheral surface of a perforated hollow tube. Having a membrane element formed by
The membrane element is formed by being housed in a cylindrical case.

[0006]

However, in the conventional membrane module for gas-liquid contact, depending on the operating conditions of the gas-liquid contact operation, the vapor permeating through the membrane is condensed in the gas flow path, and the permeation performance of the membrane is reduced. And the pressure loss of the gas flow path is increased. In particular, in the spiral membrane module, the gas flow path is narrower than the liquid flow path, and a net-shaped flow path material is inserted in the gas flow path. For this reason, the vapor that has passed through the membrane tends to be condensed in the gas flow path, and the condensed droplets have a significant adverse effect such as a decrease in the performance of the permeable membrane and an increase in pressure loss.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method of operating a membrane module that can easily remove droplets generated in a flow path into which a gas is introduced.

[0008]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for operating a membrane module, in which a liquid is caused to flow through one flow path partitioned by a permeable membrane provided in a membrane module, In an operation method of a membrane module in which a first gas is caused to flow in a flow path to perform a gas-liquid contact operation, during the gas-liquid contact operation, the liquid is intermittently moved to the other flow path while the liquid flows in one flow path. A second gas having a temperature equal to or higher than room temperature is caused to flow instead of the first gas.

In the method for operating a membrane module according to the first invention, during the gas-liquid contact operation, a second gas having a temperature equal to or higher than room temperature is caused to flow through the other flow path instead of the first gas. The condensate generated in the flow path is evaporated by the high-temperature second gas. For this reason, the condensed liquid is evaporated and removed from the other flow path, thereby suppressing an increase in the ventilation resistance in the other flow path and suppressing a decrease in the effective membrane area of the permeable membrane due to the adhesion of the condensed liquid. The efficient gas-liquid contact operation by the module can be continuously performed.

[0010] A method for operating a membrane module according to a second aspect of the present invention is the configuration of the method for operating a membrane module according to the first aspect, wherein the pressure of the second gas in the other flow path is controlled by the pressure of the liquid in one flow path. It is set below the pressure.

In this case, by setting the pressure of the second gas to be equal to or lower than the pressure of the liquid in one of the flow paths, the second gas intended for drying the condensate passes through the permeable membrane and passes through the liquid. It can be prevented from mixing on the side.

According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for operating a membrane module, wherein a liquid is caused to flow through one flow path partitioned by a permeable membrane provided in the membrane module, and a first gas is caused to flow through the other flow path. In the method of operating a membrane module performing a gas-liquid contact operation, the gas-liquid contact operation is intermittently stopped, and while the gas-liquid contact operation is stopped, the liquid in one of the flow paths is discharged, and then the other and the other flows are stopped. A second gas having a temperature equal to or higher than room temperature is caused to flow through the passage.

In the method for operating a membrane module according to the third invention, the gas-liquid contact operation is stopped, the liquid is discharged from one of the flow paths to empty the inside of the membrane module, and then the one flow path and the other are discharged. The condensate generated in the other flow path in a state in which the liquid component on one flow path side is prevented from permeating to the other flow path side by flowing the second gas at room temperature or higher through the second flow path. Can be removed by evaporation with the hot second gas. Thus, it is possible to suppress an increase in the ventilation resistance of the other flow path, suppress a decrease in the effective membrane area of the permeable membrane, and continue the efficient gas-liquid contact operation by the membrane module.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for operating a membrane module, wherein a liquid flows through one flow path partitioned by the membrane module, and a first gas flows through the other flow path to perform a gas-liquid contact operation. In the operating method of the membrane module to be performed, the gas-liquid contact operation is intermittently stopped, the liquid in one flow path is discharged while the gas-liquid contact operation is stopped, and then the first gas is replaced in the other flow path. The second gas at room temperature or higher.

In the method for operating a membrane module according to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the gas-liquid contact operation is stopped, the liquid is discharged from one of the flow passages to empty the inside of the membrane module, and the other flow passage is cooled to room temperature. By causing the second gas to flow, the condensate generated in the other flow path in a state where the liquid component is prevented from permeating from one flow path side to which the liquid flows to the other flow path side Can be removed by evaporation with the hot second gas. Thus, it is possible to suppress an increase in the ventilation resistance of the other flow path, suppress a decrease in the effective membrane area of the permeable membrane, and continue the efficient gas-liquid contact operation by the membrane module.

According to a fifth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for operating a membrane module according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the second gas is a dry gas.

In this case, by introducing a dry gas at room temperature or higher into the other flow path in which the condensed liquid has been generated, the condensed liquid can be removed from the other flow path by promoting the evaporation of the condensed liquid.

According to a sixth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for operating a membrane module, comprising: flowing a liquid through one of the flow paths partitioned by a permeable membrane provided in the membrane module; and flowing a gas through the other flow path. In the operation method of the membrane module performing the contact operation, the flow rate of the gas flowing to the other flow path during the gas-liquid contact operation is intermittently changed.

In the method for operating a membrane module according to a sixth aspect of the present invention, during the gas-liquid contact operation, the flow rate of the gas is intermittently changed so that the condensate generated in the other flow path is sprayed, It can be discharged to the outside together with the gas. This suppresses an increase in the airflow resistance of the other flow path and suppresses a decrease in the effective membrane area of the permeable membrane, whereby the efficient gas-liquid contact operation by the membrane module can be continuously performed.

A method for operating a membrane module according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is the method for operating a membrane module according to the sixth aspect of the invention, wherein the supply amount of a gas source for supplying gas to the membrane module is changed by changing the supply amount of the gas. It changes the flow velocity.

In this case, the flow rate of the gas flowing through the other flow path can be instantaneously increased by changing the supply amount of the gas supply source. Thereby, the condensed liquid in the other flow path can be scattered and discharged to the outside together with the gas.

According to an eighth aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for operating a membrane module according to the sixth aspect of the invention, wherein the on-off valve provided in a pipe for guiding gas to the other flow path is opened and closed. By doing so, the flow velocity of the gas is changed.

In this case, the flow rate of the gas flowing through the other flow path can be instantaneously increased by opening and closing the on-off valve. Thereby, the condensed liquid generated in the other flow path can be scattered and discharged to the outside together with the gas.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for operating a membrane module according to any one of the first to eighth aspects, wherein the membrane module comprises a pair of continuous or independent permeable membranes. Is spirally wound around the outer peripheral surface of the perforated hollow tube by stacking the second flow path material on the outer side with the first flow path material interposed therebetween, thereby forming a spiral membrane element. An inner peripheral side portion and an outer peripheral side portion of the first flow path formed by the first flow path material are sealed, and a second flow path formed by the second flow path material between the permeable membranes. Both ends of the flow path are sealed, the spiral membrane element is housed in a cylindrical container, and the cylindrical container has a first fluid port at each of both ends and a first fluid port at at least one end and an outer peripheral portion, respectively. Spiral membrane element in cylindrical container with two fluid ports A first space formed on each end side and a second space formed on the outer peripheral side of the spiral membrane element are separated, the first space communicates with the first fluid port, and the second space is formed. A spiral-type membrane module in which a space communicates with a second fluid port on the outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical container and the inside of the perforated hollow tube communicates with a second fluid port on at least one end of the cylindrical container; One of the flow path and the second flow path is one flow path, and the other of the first flow path and the second flow path is the other flow path.

In this case, since the condensate generated in the other flow path of the spiral type membrane module is removed, an efficient gas-liquid contact operation by the hollow fiber membrane module can be continuously performed. .

[0026]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a spiral type membrane module will be described as an example of a membrane module according to the present invention. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the spiral membrane module, and FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a membrane element of the spiral membrane module of FIG.

The spiral type membrane module 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes a cylindrical container 2 and a spiral type membrane element 10 inserted inside the cylindrical container 2. The cylindrical container 2 has a cylindrical body. A gas inlet 4 is formed at one end 3 of the body, and a gas outlet 6 is formed at the other end 5 of the body. One or more liquid outlets 7 are formed in the body of the cylindrical container 2.

In FIG. 2, a spiral-type membrane element 10 includes a gas-liquid contact member 14 on both sides of a gas-liquid contact member 13 and a liquid passage member 15 on one surface of the gas-liquid contact member 14. With liquid supply pipe (hollow hollow pipe)
It is configured by spirally winding around an eleventh. The circumferential side of the gas-liquid contact film 14 on both sides of the gas flow path material 13 wound in a spiral shape (the liquid supply pipe 11
Side and the outer peripheral side are joined or sealed.

One end of the liquid supply pipe 11 penetrates the one end 3 of the cylindrical container 2 to form an inlet 11 a, and the other end is sealed with a resin 16. A plurality of supply holes 11b are formed in the pipe wall of the liquid supply pipe 11 so that the pressure loss with respect to the flow of the supply liquid can be suppressed low. Note that a slit may be provided instead of the supply hole 11b.

The spiral type membrane element 10 has a gas-liquid contact portion 1 where gas and liquid come into contact via a gas-liquid contact film 14.
0a and sealing portions 10b and 10c located at both ends thereof. In the gas-liquid contact portion 10a, the spiral space into which the liquid flow path member 15 is inserted forms a liquid flow path (one flow path) 18. The liquid flow path 18 spirally extends from the supply hole 11b of the liquid supply pipe 11 around the liquid supply pipe 11, and reaches a space 18a between the inner wall of the cylindrical container 2 and the outer peripheral surface of the spiral membrane element 10. Thereafter, it communicates with the liquid outlet 7. The spiral space in which the gas flow path member 13 is inserted in the gas-liquid contact portion 10a forms a gas flow path (the other flow path) 19.

In the sealing portions 10 b and 10 c, both ends of the liquid flow path 18 formed by the liquid flow path member 15 and both ends of the space 18 a inside the pressure vessel 2 are sealed with a resin agent 17. Both ends of the gas flow path 19 formed by the gas flow path member 13 between the gas-liquid contact films 14 are open.

Further, as a film material of the gas-liquid contact film 14,
Polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene, fluororesin such as polyvinylidene fluoride or poly-4-fluoroethylene, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, a film made of silicone resin or polyolefin, fluororesin, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, in silicone resin A composite film made of a plurality of materials can be used.

With the above-described structure, the gas 30 flows from the gas inlet 4 into the inlet space 3a of the one end 3 of the cylindrical container 2, and passes through the gas flow path 19 opened at the end face of the spiral membrane element 10. The gas flows into the outlet space 5a at the other end 5 of the cylindrical container 2, and is led out of the gas outlet 6 to the outside.

The liquid 25 is supplied to the inside of the liquid supply pipe 11 from the liquid inlet 11a, and flows through the liquid flow path 18 formed between the gas-liquid contact film 14 and the supply hole 11b in the pipe wall of the liquid supply pipe 11. The liquid flows spirally in a direction orthogonal to the liquid supply pipe 11 through the liquid supply pipe 11, and is drawn out from the liquid outlet 7 of the cylindrical container 2. By providing a plurality of liquid outlets 7, the flow of the liquid in the liquid flow path 18 can be made uniform.

At the gas-liquid contact portion 10 a of the spiral type membrane element 10, a liquid flowing spirally in a direction substantially perpendicular to the liquid supply pipe 11 and a gas flowing parallel to the liquid supply pipe 11 are formed by a gas-liquid contact film. 14 via contact. Thereby, the target component of the gas is transmitted to the liquid side, or the target component of the liquid is transmitted to the gas side.

In the spiral membrane module having the above structure, the following three methods are applied as a method for removing the condensate generated in the gas flow path 19.

The first method is a method of intermittently supplying a dry gas at room temperature or higher to the gas flow path 19 during the gas-liquid contact operation. As the dry gas, any gas that does not affect the gas-liquid contact process may be used. For example, air or nitrogen that is hardly dissolved in a liquid is preferably used. The higher the temperature of the dry gas is, the higher the temperature is, the better. However, a temperature from room temperature to 80 ° C. is generally used. In particular, the temperature of the dry gas is preferably set to a temperature higher than room temperature.

Further, the gas pressure at the gas inlet 4 of the spiral type membrane module 1 is adjusted so that the dry gas does not permeate through the gas-liquid contact membrane 14 to the liquid side. It is set to be smaller than the hydraulic pressure at.

When such a dry gas is supplied into the gas passage 19, the liquid (water) condensed in the gas passage 19 is evaporated and dried, and is discharged from the gas outlet 6 to the outside together with the dry gas. Thereby, the inside of the gas flow path 19 is kept in a dry atmosphere.

In the second method, after the supply of the liquid 25 to the spiral type membrane module is intermittently stopped and the liquid in the liquid flow path 18 is discharged, the gas flow path 19 and the liquid flow path 18 This is a method of introducing a dry gas at room temperature or higher into the apparatus.
In this method, not only the gas flow path 19 side but also the liquid flow path 1
Since the inside of the spiral type membrane module 1 is simultaneously dried by introducing a drying gas also on the 8 side, compared with the first method,
The inside of the gas flow path 19 can be further dried sufficiently. The drying gas may be introduced only into the gas flow path 19 to dry the inside of the gas flow path 19.

As the dry gas introduced into the gas flow path 19 and the liquid flow path 18, a dry gas at room temperature or higher is used as in the case of the first method. Further, the pressure of the dry gas introduced into the gas flow path 19 and the pressure of the dry gas introduced into the liquid flow path 18 may be the same or different.

The third method is a method of intermittently increasing the flow rate of the gas 30 supplied to the gas flow path 19 during the gas-liquid contact operation, and discharging the condensed liquid to the outside in the form of droplets accompanying the gas. It is. As a method of increasing the flow rate of the gas 30 supplied to the gas flow path 19, a method of rapidly increasing the flow rate of the gas supply source, or intermittently opening and closing the solenoid valve (open / close valve) 20 provided in the gas supply path Is used. In the latter method, when the solenoid valve 20 is closed, the gas pressure on the upstream side of the solenoid valve 20 increases. Thereafter, when the solenoid valve 20 is opened, the flow velocity of the gas supplied from the solenoid valve 20 is instantaneously increased, and flows in the gas flow path 19 at a higher speed than before. At this time, the condensate in the gas flow path 19 is scattered by the flow of the gas, and is discharged from the gas outlet 6 to the outside together with the gas. Thereby, the condensed liquid in the gas flow path 19 is discharged. In this case, when the electromagnetic valve 20 is opened, it is necessary to control the gas pressure at the gas inlet 4 so as not to exceed the liquid pressure at the inlet of the liquid supply pipe 11.

The membrane module to which the above-described method for removing condensed liquid can be applied is not limited to a spiral type membrane module, but may be a capillary type or a tubular type.

The above spiral type membrane module 1
Can be used for gas dissolution for dissolving a target gas in a liquid or gas adsorption for purifying exhaust gas. The liquid is not particularly limited, but a liquid having a large contact angle of 90 ° or more with respect to the film material of the gas-liquid contact film 14 is used. For example, water, an aqueous solution of an organic substance, an aqueous solution of an inorganic substance, an aqueous dispersion , Body fluids and the like are used. Examples of the gas include, but are not limited to, air, oxygen, ozone, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, SO _x (sulfur oxide), and N 2.
_Ox (nitrogen oxide), mercaptan, halogen, hydrogen halide, lower alcohol, lower hydrocarbon, halogenated hydrocarbon or a mixture thereof is used.

Further, in the spiral type membrane module 1 described above, it is possible to use the fluids introduced into the liquid flow path 18 and the gas flow path 19 in reverse. That is, a liquid may be introduced from the gas inlet 4 and a gas may be introduced from the liquid inlet 11a.

[0046]

Example 1 A spiral type membrane module of Example 1 having the structure shown in FIG. 1 was manufactured using MF (microfiltration) membrane NTF-1122 manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation.
The module size is 40mm in diameter and 2mm in length.
80 mm and the effective membrane area is about 0.4 m ² .

The spiral-type membrane module of Example 1 was deoxygenated to an oxygen concentration of 0.1 ppm or less from the fluid inlet by N ₂ (nitrogen) bubbling.
Of tap water is continuously supplied at a rate of 1 L / min, dry air having a temperature of 19 to 21 ° C. is continuously supplied at a rate of 0.5 L / min from a gas inlet, and water discharged from a liquid outlet of a spiral type membrane module is supplied. The dissolved oxygen concentration was measured. During this normal operation, water vapor that has passed through the membrane condenses in the air-side flow path,
The pressure loss of the air side flow path increases with time. Therefore, the third method of the present invention intermittently increased the air flow rate to 2.5 L / min for 30 seconds once an hour.

FIG. 3 shows the change with time of the dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) and the pressure loss of the air-side flow path at this time. As shown in FIG. 3, the operation is performed by intermittently increasing the air flow rate (flushing).
By doing so, it was possible to suppress an increase in pressure loss in the air-side flow path, suppress a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration, and perform a stable gas-liquid contact operation.

[Comparative Example] For comparison, FIG. 3 shows changes with time in the dissolved oxygen concentration and the pressure loss in the air-side flow path when flushing was not performed under the same conditions as in Example 1. As shown in FIG. 3, the pressure loss in the air-side flow path increased and the dissolved oxygen concentration decreased as compared with Example 1 in which flushing was performed. Further, when the pressure loss in the air-side flow path exceeds the liquid pressure, bubbles are generated through the membrane, so that efficient gas-liquid contact operation cannot be performed.

Example 2 The operation was stopped after 200 hours without flushing under the same conditions as in Example 1, and the water in the spiral type membrane module was discharged (drain out).
Thereafter, dry air at a temperature of 40 ° C. was passed through the gas inlet and the liquid inlet at a flow rate of 5 L / min for 60 minutes. As a result, the pressure loss in the air-side flow channel which increased to 0.2 kgf / cm ² during operation was recovered to the initial value of 0.04 kgf / cm ² . The dissolved oxygen concentration also recovered from 7.9 mg / L to the initial value of 8.4 mg / L.

As described above, according to the operation method of the membrane module according to the present invention, the condensate generated in the gas flow path can be effectively removed, and a stable gas-liquid contact operation can be maintained for a long time. be able to.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a spiral-type membrane module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a membrane element of the spiral-wound membrane module of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing changes over time in dissolved oxygen concentration and pressure loss in an air flow path.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Spiral type membrane module 2 Cylindrical container 4 Gas inlet 6 Gas outlet 7 Liquid outlet 10 Spiral type membrane element 10a Gas-liquid contact part 11 Liquid supply pipe 11a Liquid inlet 13 Gas flow path material 14 Gas-liquid contact film 18 Gas flow path 19 Liquid Flow path 20 On-off valve 25 Liquid 30 Gas

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A liquid is made to flow through one flow path partitioned by a permeable membrane provided in a membrane module, and the first liquid flows through the other flow path.
In the method for operating a membrane module performing a gas-liquid contact operation by flowing a gas, the first liquid is intermittently supplied to the other flow path while the liquid flows in the one flow path during the gas-liquid contact operation. A method of operating a membrane module, characterized by flowing a second gas having a temperature equal to or higher than room temperature in place of the above gas. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of the second gas in the other flow path is set to be equal to or lower than the pressure of the liquid in the one flow path. 3. A liquid is allowed to flow through one of the flow paths partitioned by a permeable membrane provided in the membrane module, and the first flow is passed through the other flow path.
In the method of operating a membrane module performing a gas-liquid contact operation by flowing a gas, the gas-liquid contact operation is intermittently stopped, and the liquid in the one flow path is stopped while the gas-liquid contact operation is stopped. A method for operating a membrane module, comprising, after discharging, flowing a second gas having a room temperature or higher through the one and the other flow paths. 4. A method of operating a membrane module in which a liquid flows in one flow path partitioned by a membrane module and a first gas flows in the other flow path to perform a gas-liquid contact operation.
After intermittently stopping the gas-liquid contact operation and discharging the liquid in the one flow path during the stop of the gas-liquid contact operation,
A method for operating a membrane module, wherein a second gas having a temperature equal to or higher than room temperature is caused to flow in the other flow path instead of the first gas. 5. The method for operating a membrane module according to claim 1, wherein the second gas is a dry gas. 6. A method for operating a membrane module in which a liquid flows in one flow path partitioned by a permeable membrane provided in a membrane module and a gas flows in the other flow path to perform a gas-liquid contact operation, The method of operating a membrane module, wherein the flow rate of the gas flowing through the other flow path is intermittently changed during the gas-liquid contact operation. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the flow rate of the gas is changed by changing a supply amount of a supply source that supplies the gas to the membrane module. 8. The operation of the membrane module according to claim 6, wherein a flow rate of the gas is changed by opening and closing an on-off valve provided in a conduit for guiding the gas to the other flow path. Method. 9. The outer peripheral surface of a perforated hollow tube, wherein the membrane module comprises a pair of continuous or independent permeable membranes sandwiching a first channel material and a second channel material stacked on the outside. A spiral membrane element is formed by spirally winding the first channel member formed between the permeable membranes by the first channel member. While being sealed, both ends of a second flow path formed by the second flow path material between the permeable membranes are sealed, and the spiral membrane element is housed in a cylindrical container, The cylindrical container has a first fluid port at each of both ends and a second fluid port at least at one end and an outer peripheral portion, respectively, at both ends of the spiral membrane element in the cylindrical container. The first space formed and the spiral membrane element A second space formed on an outer peripheral portion side is separated, the first space communicates with the first fluid port, and the second space communicates with the second space of the outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical container.
A spiral-type membrane module communicating with a fluid port and the inside of the perforated hollow tube communicating with the second fluid port at at least one end of the cylindrical container, wherein the first flow path and the second One of the flow paths is the one flow path, and the first
The method for operating a membrane module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the other of the first flow path and the second flow path is the other flow path.