JPH11274000A - Non-linear dielectric element - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a non-linear dielectric element with high reliability in which mechanical strength is excellent, a large pulse voltage can be generated, and the deterioration in the mechanical strength or the generated pulse voltage due to lapse of time is hardly generated, even in the use under a high temperature. SOLUTION: First and second electrodes 3 and 4 are respectively formed on an upper face 2a and lower face 2b of a ceramic element body 2 constituted of dielectric ceramics exhibiting non-linear characteristics in the electric field- charge characteristic. Then, first and second lead terminals 7 and 8 made of metal are connected through connecting materials 9 and 10 with the first and second electrodes 3 and 4 by an alloying processing. The connecting materials 9 and 10 are preberably made of Ag based, or Ag-Pd based or Ag-Au based alloy.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a non-linear dielectric element incorporated in a high-intensity discharge lamp (HID lamp) and used to generate a high-voltage pulse, and more particularly to a non-linear dielectric element formed between an electrode and a lead terminal. The present invention relates to a nonlinear dielectric element having an improved junction.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, the above-mentioned HID lamp has been used as a lamp for realizing high luminance. Some HID lamps of this type require a high-pressure pulse of about 1 to 4 kV at startup, such as a high-pressure sodium lamp or a metal halide lamp. Therefore, in this type of HID lamp, a capacitor having non-linear characteristics is incorporated in order to generate a high-voltage pulse.

For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 5-87940 discloses a high-pressure discharge lamp having a built-in nonlinear capacitor for generating the high-voltage pulse. FIG. 4 shows the structure of the nonlinear capacitor described in this prior art.

The capacitor 51 includes electrodes 53 and 5 formed by applying and baking an Ag paste on both surfaces of a ceramic plate 52 made of barium titanate ceramic.
4 is formed. At the center of the electrodes 53 and 54, bonding materials 55a and 55b containing Ag and low melting point glass are provided.
The lead terminals 56 and 57 are joined via. Except for the portions from which the lead terminals 56 and 57 are drawn out, the entirety is covered with a glass coating layer 58 formed by applying and baking a glass paste.

In the above-mentioned conventional nonlinear capacitor 51, the lead terminals 56 and 57 made of metal are connected to the electrodes 53 and 5 via bonding materials 55a and 55b containing Ag and low melting point glass.
4 respectively. That is, the lead terminals 56 and 57 are joined to the electrodes 53 and 54 by the baking method using the glass-containing joining materials 55a and 55b. Normally, these joining materials 55a and 55b contain a relatively large amount of glass component in order to perform the joining function.

However, the glass-containing bonding material 55a,
In the case of using 55b, if the glass component contained is too large, the glass component diffuses to the grain boundaries of the ceramic plate 52 at the time of baking at the time of joining, causing a problem that the nonlinear characteristics are deteriorated and the generated pulse voltage is reduced. Was.

Further, when the obtained non-linear capacitor 51 is incorporated in an HID lamp, for example, it is exposed to a high temperature of about 300 ° C.
a, 55b diffuses into the ceramic plate 52, further reducing the pulse voltage,
However, there is a problem that the mechanical strength of the steel is reduced.

On the other hand, in order to solve the above problems,
What is necessary is just to reduce the glass component contained in the joining materials 55a and 55b. However, when the content ratio of the glass component decreases, the bonding strength decreases.

On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-177412 discloses that in a non-linear capacitor as described above, the bonding strength is adjusted to a certain value by setting the content of the glass component in the bonding material to 39 to 60% by weight. It is described that reduction of the pulse voltage can be suppressed while maintaining the same.

[0010]

However, even if the proportion of glass in the joining material is controlled, the ceramic particles of the glass component still remain when joining the lead terminals by baking and when used at high temperatures. Diffusion into the field could not be prevented, and reduction in pulse voltage and reduction in mechanical strength could not be prevented.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the disadvantages of the prior art, to prevent the deterioration of the non-linear characteristics due to the process of joining the lead terminals, that is, to prevent the reduction of the pulse voltage, and to be used at a high temperature. It is an object of the present invention to provide a highly reliable non-linear dielectric element in which a decrease in pulse voltage and a decrease in mechanical strength with time do not easily occur.

[0012]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a nonlinear dielectric element exhibiting hysteresis in electric field-charge characteristics, wherein the ceramic element is made of dielectric ceramics exhibiting nonlinear characteristics. The first of the body
A first and a second electrode formed on a second surface;
First and second lead terminals respectively joined to the second electrode, wherein the first and second lead terminals are connected to the first and second lead terminals.
Is characterized by being joined to the electrode by alloying via a joining material.

As the joining material, an appropriate metal or alloy capable of joining the lead terminals and the electrodes by alloying can be used. Preferably, an Ag-based metal, more preferably an Ag-Pd-based alloy or an Ag-Pd-based alloy is used. Au-based alloys can be suitably used. However, the bonding material can be appropriately selected according to the material forming the first and second electrodes of the nonlinear dielectric element and the material forming the lead terminals. Alternatively, an alloy may be selected.

In a specific aspect of the first invention, the lead terminal is made of Ni or an alloy thereof, and the first and second electrodes are made of an Ag-based metal. In this case, an Ag-based metal, an Ag-Pd-based alloy or an Ag-Au-based alloy can be suitably used as the joining material, and the lead terminal and the electrode can be firmly joined.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a nonlinear dielectric element exhibiting hysteresis in electric field-charge characteristics, comprising a ceramic body made of dielectric ceramics exhibiting nonlinear characteristics, and first and second ceramic elements. A first and a second electrode formed on the second surface, and a first and a second lead terminal respectively joined to the first and the second electrode; And the first and second electrodes are joined by a solid solution of the same metal element via a joining material.

In the second aspect of the present invention, the joining material may be a material of a surface of the lead terminal which is in contact with the joining material,
The second electrode and the joining material can be made of an appropriate metal or alloy that can be joined by solid solution of the same kind of metal, but an Ag-based metal is preferably used. A
The g-based metal includes not only Ag but also an alloy containing Ag, for example, an Ag-Pd-based alloy or an Ag-Au-based alloy. However, in the second aspect of the invention, the bonding material is appropriately selected from materials constituting the first and second electrodes of the nonlinear dielectric element, materials constituting the lead terminal, and materials constituting the plating layer on the surface of the lead terminal. Therefore, an optimum metal or alloy may be selected according to the type of these materials. In the nonlinear dielectric element according to the second invention, Ag is preferably used as the metal element.

In a specific aspect of the second invention, the first and second lead terminals are made of Ni or an alloy thereof, and at least a surface of the lead terminals that is in contact with a bonding material is made of an Ag-based metal. The first and second electrodes are plated and are made of an Ag-based metal. In this case, an Ag-based metal can be suitably used as the joining material, and the lead terminal and the electrode can be firmly joined.

[0018]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below in more detail by giving non-limiting examples of the present invention.

(First Embodiment) FIG. 1 is a sectional view for explaining a nonlinear dielectric element according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

The nonlinear dielectric element 1 is constituted by using a disc-shaped ceramic body 2. Ceramic body 2
Is formed of an appropriate dielectric ceramic exhibiting a so-called non-linear characteristic showing hysteresis in electric field-charge characteristics. Such dielectric ceramics include:
Although not particularly limited, for example, barium titanate-based ceramics can be used.

Upper surface 2a and lower surface 2b of ceramic body 2
On the upper side, first and second circular electrodes 3 and 4 are formed, respectively. The diameter of the electrodes 3 and 4 is smaller than the diameter of the ceramic body 2. The electrodes 3 and 4 can be made of an appropriate conductive material.
It is formed by baking a conductive paste containing Ag as a main component. However, the electrodes 3 and 4 can be formed by an appropriate method such as vapor deposition, plating, or sputtering, in addition to baking of a conductive paste.

The plane shapes of the ceramic body 2 and the electrodes 3 and 4 are not limited to a circle, but may be other shapes such as a square. Further, on the upper surface 2a and the lower surface 2b of the ceramic body 2, ring-shaped insulating layers 5 and 6 are formed so as to cover the vicinity of the outer periphery of the electrodes 3 and 4.
The insulating layers 5 and 6 can be made of an appropriate insulating material such as glass, resin, and ceramics, and the insulation between the electrodes 3 and 4 is enhanced by the formation of the insulating layers 5 and 6. . Preferably, the insulating layers 5 and 6 are made of ceramics.

At the center of the electrodes 3 and 4, lead terminals 7 and 8
Are joined. The material forming the lead terminals 7 and 8 is not particularly limited, either.
Alternatively, it can be composed of an appropriate metal material such as a Ni-based alloy, Cu or an alloy thereof.

In this embodiment, the lead terminals 7 and 8 are
On the side made of Ni and joined to the electrodes 3 and 4, there are large-diameter flange portions 7a and 8a. Flange part 7
a and 8a are larger in diameter than the main body portions of the lead terminals 7 and 8, and therefore, can be joined to the electrodes 3 and 4 with a larger area.

This embodiment is characterized in that the lead terminals 7 and 8 are
The electrodes are joined to the electrodes 3 and 4 via the joining materials 9 and 10, respectively. This joining is achieved by alloying. As the joining materials 9 and 10, depending on the material constituting the lead terminals 7 and 8 and the material constituting the electrodes 3 and 4,
That is, it is made of an appropriate material that can be alloyed and joined with both of them.

In this embodiment, since the lead terminals 7 and 8 are made of Ni and the electrodes 3 and 4 are mainly made of Ag, the joining materials 9 and 10 are made of an Ag-Pd alloy. In joining the lead terminals 7 and 8 to the electrodes 3 and 4 via the joining materials 9 and 10 by alloying, the joining materials 9 and 10 are interposed between the electrodes 3 and 4 and the lead terminals 7 and 8. The heating may be performed with the lead terminals 7 and 8 pressed against the electrodes 3 and 4.

In the nonlinear dielectric element 1 of this embodiment, the lead terminals 7 and 8 are joined to the electrodes 3 and 4 by alloying via joining materials 9 and 10. Therefore, the joining materials 9 and 1
Since 0 does not contain a glass component, even if a heat treatment is performed at the time of joining the lead terminals 7 and 8, a decrease in pulse voltage and a decrease in mechanical strength due to diffusion of the glass component into the ceramic body are unlikely to occur. In addition, for example, when incorporated in an HID lamp and used for generating a pulse voltage, it is exposed to a high temperature of about 300 ° C. A reduction in pulse voltage and a reduction in mechanical strength due to diffusion of the bonding material components into the ceramic body are unlikely to occur.

Next, the effects of the nonlinear dielectric element 1 of the above embodiment will be described based on specific experimental examples. 18m diameter
mx 0.7 mm thick barium titanate disk-shaped ceramic body 2 has upper surface 2a and lower surface 2b with a diameter of 1 mm.
An electrode paste containing Ag as a main component was applied to a thickness of 6 mm and baked to form electrodes 3 and 4. Next, the insulating layers 5 and 6 were formed in a ring shape so as to cover the vicinity of the outer peripheral edges of the electrodes 3 and 4.

Thereafter, Ag-Pd was applied to the center of the electrodes 3 and 4.
A metal paste containing powder as a main component and not containing glass was applied to form bonding materials 9 and 10. Next, the joining material 9,
10, lead terminals 7 and 8 made of Ni are brought into contact with each other,
Heat at a temperature of 600 ° C. and connect lead terminals 7 and 8 to electrodes 3
4 was joined via joining materials 9 and 10. Thus, the lead terminals 7 and 8 were joined to the electrodes 3 and 4 by alloying via the joining materials 9 and 10 to obtain the nonlinear dielectric element 1 of the example.

For comparison, instead of the joining materials 9 and 10,
A bonding material containing Ag powder as a main component and containing 10% by volume of glass frit is used.
A nonlinear dielectric element of a comparative example was obtained in the same manner as in the above example, except that the electrode 8 was heated and joined to the electrodes 3 and 4 at a temperature of 700 ° C.

With respect to the nonlinear dielectric elements of the examples and comparative examples obtained as described above, the circuit shown in FIG.
The pulse voltage generated after standing for 0 hours was measured. In addition,
In FIG. 2, a 400 W high-pressure mercury lamp ballast 12 is connected in series with a power supply 11, and a non-linear dielectric element 1 and a semiconductor switch 13 having a breakover voltage of 150 V are provided downstream of the high-pressure mercury lamp ballast 12. Is connected. V indicates a voltmeter.

The tensile strength of the lead terminals 7 and 8 of each of the nonlinear dielectric elements of the above Examples and Comparative Examples was measured using a tensile tester in the initial state and at a temperature of 300 ° C.
It was measured after leaving for 00 hours. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0033]

[Table 1]

As can be seen from Table 1, the nonlinear dielectric element 1 of the embodiment has a larger value than the nonlinear dielectric element of the comparative example.
It can be seen that not only the mechanical strength and the pulse voltage in the initial state are high, but also the mechanical strength and the pulse voltage are sufficient even after applying the voltage at a temperature of 300 ° C. for 5000 hours. In particular, in the nonlinear dielectric element of the comparative example, the mechanical strength and the generated pulse voltage significantly decreased after being left at a temperature of 300 ° C. for 5000 hours. It can be seen that the temperature does not decrease so much.

(Second Embodiment) FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a nonlinear dielectric element 21 according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In the non-linear dielectric element 21, the insulating layers 5A, 6 are formed so as to cover not only the outer peripheral edges of the electrodes 3, 4 formed on the upper surface 2a and the lower surface 2b of the ceramic body 2 but also the central region.
A is formed. In the center of the insulating layers 5A and 6A, through holes are formed in order to join the lead terminals 7 and 8 via the joining materials 9 and 10. The other points are the same as those of the nonlinear dielectric element 1 of the first embodiment.

Also in the nonlinear dielectric element 21 of this embodiment, the lead terminals 7 and 8 are joined to the electrodes 3 and 4 via the joining materials 9 and 10 by alloying. Therefore, similarly to the nonlinear dielectric element 1 of the first embodiment, excellent mechanical strength and a large generated pulse voltage can be obtained, and these characteristics hardly deteriorate with time.

In the first and second embodiments described above,
As the joining material between the electrodes 3 and 4 mainly composed of Ag and the lead terminals 7 and 8 composed of Ni, the joining materials 9 and 10 containing Ag-Pd as a main component and containing no glass were used. May be another metal or alloy such as an Ag-Au alloy. When alloying at a low temperature is required, a low melting point metal such as Sn, Pb, In, or Cd or an alloy thereof may be used instead of Pd. However, in order to increase the bonding strength of the lead terminals 7 and 8, it is preferable to use Ag-Pd or an Ag-Au-based alloy that does not generate an intermetallic compound as the bonding materials 9 and 10.

(Third Embodiment) The third embodiment corresponds to the second embodiment of the present invention. The nonlinear dielectric element according to the third embodiment is different from the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 except that the joining structure of the lead terminal and the first and second electrodes via the joining material is different. It has the same configuration as the nonlinear dielectric element according to the example. Therefore, the other points will be omitted by using the description of the first embodiment. With reference to FIG. 1, only the differences between the nonlinear dielectric element of the third embodiment and the nonlinear dielectric element of the first embodiment will be described.

In the nonlinear dielectric element of the third embodiment, the lead terminals 7 and 8 shown in FIG.
Are joined via the joining materials 9 and 10, and this joining is achieved by solid solution of the same kind of metal.

That is, the first and second lead terminals 7 and 8
Material of the surface which comes into contact with the joining materials 9 and 10, and the joining materials 9 and 10
And the materials forming the first and second electrodes 3 and 4 all contain the same metal element. By heating the bonding materials 9 and 10, the same kind of metal element contained therein is solidified. Melts and joins are achieved.

The material constituting the surface of the first and second lead terminals 7 and 8 that comes into contact with the joining materials 9 and 10 is the same as the material used when a plating layer or the like is not formed on the surfaces of the lead terminals 7 and 8. , The materials constituting the lead terminals 7 and 8,
When a coating layer is formed by plating or the like on the surfaces of the lead terminals 7 and 8 that come into contact with the bonding materials 9 and 10, the material is a material constituting the coating layer.

The metal material containing the same metal element is
Not only pure metals but also alloys and the like are included. As an example, when the first and second lead terminals 7 and 8 are made of Ni, and a plating layer made of Ag is formed on the surfaces of the lead terminals 7 and 8, an Ag-based metal is used as the bonding material 9 or 10. But,
Ag-based metal is used for the first and second electrodes 3 and 4. In this case, Ag moves to the other side beyond the interface between the lead terminals 7 and 8 and the joining materials 9 and 10 due to heating, and forms a solid solution, so that the lead terminals 7 and 8 and the joining materials 9 and 10 are joined. . Similarly, the bonding materials 9 and 10 and the first and second electrodes 3 and 4
Ag migrates to the other side over the bonding interface with the Ag and forms a solid solution, and the two are bonded.

The Ag-based metal includes not only Ag but also Ag.
As described above, an Ag-Pd alloy, an Ag-Au alloy, and the like are included. Further, as the same kind of metal, A
Not limited to g, it is also possible to use Cu, Ni, Zn, Al, W, Cr and the like, and is not necessarily limited to Ag.

As described above, also in the third embodiment,
Since a metal material is used as the bonding materials 9 and 10 and bonding is achieved by solid solution of a metal element, it is not necessary to include glass powder. Therefore, there is no problem caused by the diffusion of the glass from the joining materials 9 and 10 into the ceramic body 2.
Further, as described above, the first and second lead terminals 7 and 8 are joined to the first and second electrodes 3 and 4 by the solid solution so that the joining materials 9 and 1 are joined.
Since the bonding is performed through 0, the initial bonding strength can be increased, and the reduction in the pulse voltage can be prevented as will be apparent from the examples described later.

Next, specific experimental examples will be described. Upper surface 2a and lower surface 2b of disk-shaped ceramic body 2 made of barium titanate having a diameter of 18 mm and a thickness of 0.7 mm
Then, an electrode paste containing Ag as a main component was applied so as to have a diameter of 16 mm, and baked to form electrodes 3 and 4.
Next, the insulating layers 5 and 6 were formed in a ring shape so as to cover the vicinity of the outer peripheral edges of the electrodes 3 and 4.

Thereafter, a metal paste containing Ag powder as a main component and containing no glass was applied to the centers of the electrodes 3 and 4 to obtain bonding materials 9 and 10. Next, the lead terminals 7 and 8 made of Ni but having a surface plated with Ag are brought into contact with the joining materials 9 and 10 and heated to a temperature of 600 ° C. to connect the lead terminals 7 and 8 to the electrodes 3. , 4 via bonding materials 9, 10.

In this case, the electrodes 3 and 4 contain Ag, the joining materials 9 and 10 mainly contain Ag powder, and the lead terminals 7 and
8, a plating layer made of Ag is formed on the surface of the lead terminal 8, the lead terminals 7, 8, the electrodes 3, 4, and the bonding materials 9, 10.
Are joined by diffusion and solid solution of Ag atoms. Thus, a nonlinear dielectric element according to the third example was obtained.

For comparison, instead of the joining materials 9 and 10,
A bonding material containing Ag powder as a main component and containing 4% by volume of glass frit is used, and lead terminals 7, 8 are connected through the bonding material.
A non-linear dielectric element of a comparative example was obtained in the same manner as in the above example, except that was bonded to electrodes 3 and 4 by heating at a temperature of 700 ° C.

With respect to the nonlinear dielectric elements of the examples and the comparative examples obtained as described above, the generated pulse voltage in the initial state and the temperature of 300.degree. And the pulse voltage generated after standing for 5000 hours was measured.

The tensile strength of the lead terminals 7 and 8 of the nonlinear dielectric elements of the above Examples and Comparative Examples was measured using a tensile tester in an initial state and after standing at a temperature of 300 ° C. for 5000 hours. . The results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0051]

[Table 2]

As is clear from Table 2, the nonlinear dielectric element according to the third embodiment not only has higher mechanical strength and pulse voltage in the initial state, but also has a higher It can be seen that even after a voltage is applied for 5000 hours at a temperature of ° C., sufficient mechanical strength and pulse voltage are exhibited. In particular, in the nonlinear dielectric element of the comparative example, the mechanical strength and the generated pulse voltage were significantly reduced after being left at a temperature of 300 ° C. for 5000 hours. It can be seen that the voltage does not decrease so much.

[0053]

In the nonlinear dielectric element according to the first invention, the first and second lead terminals are connected to the first and second lead terminals via a bonding material.
It is bonded to the second electrode by alloying, and it is not necessary to use a glass-containing material as a bonding material.
Therefore, in the conventional nonlinear dielectric element, since the glass-containing conductive bonding material is used for bonding the lead terminals, when the bonding material is baked or used at a high temperature, the glass component is not bonded to the grain boundary in the ceramic body. However, in the nonlinear dielectric element according to the first invention, there is a problem that the pulse voltage is reduced or the mechanical strength of the ceramic body is reduced. Does not occur. Therefore, it is possible to provide a non-linear dielectric element which is excellent in mechanical strength, can generate a large pulse voltage, hardly causes deterioration of these characteristics over time, and has high performance and excellent reliability. .

Further, since the characteristics are hardly deteriorated with time, a device incorporating a nonlinear dielectric element, for example, HID
The life of the lamp can be extended.

Further, in the structure according to the third aspect, an Ag-Pd-based alloy or an Ag-Au-based alloy is used as a joining material. The second lead terminal can be firmly joined to the first and second electrodes, respectively.

In the nonlinear dielectric element according to the second aspect of the present invention, the bonding between the first and second lead terminals and the first and second electrodes is performed by the solid solution of the same metal element via the bonding material. Since it has been fulfilled, it is not necessary to use a material containing glass as a bonding material. Therefore, in the conventional nonlinear dielectric element, there is a problem that the pulse voltage is reduced or the mechanical strength of the ceramic body is reduced due to the glass component penetrating into the grain boundaries in the ceramic body. On the other hand, such a problem does not occur in the nonlinear dielectric element according to the second invention. Therefore, it is possible to provide a nonlinear dielectric element which is excellent in mechanical strength, can generate a large pulse voltage, hardly causes deterioration of these characteristics with time, has high performance, and has excellent reliability. It becomes possible.

Also, since the characteristics hardly deteriorate with the passage of time, a device incorporating a nonlinear dielectric element, for example, HID
The life of the lamp can be extended. Further, in the second invention, when Ag is used as the same kind of metal element, the lead terminal-joining material-first and second electrodes are joined by diffusion and solid solution of Ag. It easily diffuses and forms a solid solution, and these are firmly integrated, and since Ag is excellent in conductivity, the reliability of electrical connection is also enhanced.

Further, the lead terminal is made of Ni or an alloy thereof, at least the surface in contact with the bonding material is plated with an Ag-based metal, and the first and second electrodes are made of Ag.
When using an Ag-based metal as the joining material, the first and second lead terminals are firmly joined to the first and second electrodes by the diffusion and solid solution of Ag. Can be.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view for explaining a nonlinear dielectric element according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram for explaining a circuit for evaluating characteristics of the nonlinear dielectric elements of the embodiment and the comparative example shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view for explaining a nonlinear dielectric element according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a conventional nonlinear capacitor.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Nonlinear dielectric element 2 ... Ceramic body 2a, 2b ... Upper and lower surfaces as first and second surfaces 3, 4 ... First and second electrodes 5, 6 ... Insulating layer 7, 8 ... First , Second lead terminal 9, 10 ... joining material 21 ... nonlinear dielectric element

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Yoshitaka Kageyama 2-26-10 Tenjin, Nagaokakyo-shi, Kyoto, Japan Inside Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A non-linear dielectric element exhibiting hysteresis in electric field-charge characteristics, comprising: a ceramic body made of dielectric ceramics exhibiting non-linear characteristics; and a first and a second surface of the ceramic body. First and second electrodes, and first and second electrodes respectively joined to the first and second electrodes.
Characterized in that the joining between the first and second lead terminals and the first and second electrodes is achieved by alloying via a joining material. Body element. 2. The nonlinear dielectric element according to claim 1, wherein the bonding material is made of an Ag-based metal. 3. The bonding material according to claim 1, wherein the bonding material is Ag-Pd-based or Ag-Pd-based.
2. The nonlinear dielectric element according to claim 1, wherein the nonlinear dielectric element is made of an Au-based alloy. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said first and second lead terminals are made of Ni or an alloy thereof, and said first and second electrodes are made of an Ag-based metal. 3. The nonlinear dielectric element according to item 1. 5. A nonlinear dielectric element exhibiting hysteresis in electric field-charge characteristics, comprising: a ceramic body made of dielectric ceramics exhibiting nonlinear characteristics; and a first and a second surface of the ceramic body. First and second electrodes, and first and second electrodes respectively joined to the first and second electrodes.
That the first and second lead terminals and the first and second electrodes are joined by a solid solution of the same metal element via a joining material. Characterized by a nonlinear dielectric element. 6. The nonlinear dielectric element according to claim 5, wherein said metal element is Ag. 7. The first and second lead terminals are made of Ni or an alloy thereof, and at least a surface of the lead terminals that is in contact with a bonding material is plated with an Ag-based metal. 6. The electrode of claim 5, wherein said electrode is made of an Ag-based metal.
Or the nonlinear dielectric element according to 6.