JPH11246227A - Noble metal ultra-fine particle having egg shell structure - Google Patents

Noble metal ultra-fine particle having egg shell structure

Info

Publication number
JPH11246227A
JPH11246227A JP10071469A JP7146998A JPH11246227A JP H11246227 A JPH11246227 A JP H11246227A JP 10071469 A JP10071469 A JP 10071469A JP 7146998 A JP7146998 A JP 7146998A JP H11246227 A JPH11246227 A JP H11246227A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
noble metal
ultra
fine particles
egg shell
shell structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP10071469A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP4200202B2 (en
Inventor
Katsuhiko Wakabayashi
勝彦 若林
Norimasa Nakada
法正 中田
Masahiro Kishida
昌浩 岸田
Hideo Osada
秀夫 長田
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to JP07146998A priority Critical patent/JP4200202B2/en
Publication of JPH11246227A publication Critical patent/JPH11246227A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4200202B2 publication Critical patent/JP4200202B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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  • Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an egg shell structured ultra-fine particles having excellent heat resistance and useful as a noble metal catalyst or the like by using the noble metal ultra-fine particles as a core material and surrounding the periphery with a silica layer. SOLUTION: A water in-oil type microemulsion is prepared by adding an aq. solution of a noble metal chloride into an organic solvent solution containing a surfactant and stirring it. The surfactant is preferably polyoxyethylene cetyl ether. Next, hydrazine hydrate is added and allowed to react with the noble metal chloride to form a complex of the noble metal with hydrazine and next, tetraethyl orthosilicate and ammonia are added to hydrolyze the silicate and they are polycondensed. The precipitate containing the ultra-fine particle is filtered, washed, dried, fired at 400-600 deg.C under air flow and brought into contact with hydrogen at 400-500 deg.C to obtain the ultra-fine particles. The ultra-fine particles have 3-50 nm particle diameter as the whole and the particle diameter of the noble metal ultra-fine particles constituting the core part is 1-10 nm.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、貴金属触媒等とし
て有用な貴金属超微粒子に関するものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to noble metal ultrafine particles useful as a noble metal catalyst or the like.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】ロジウム等の貴金属は触媒金属としてシ
リカやアルミナ等の耐熱性の担体金属酸化物に超微粒子
状で担持させた状態で、各種の反応用触媒として広く用
いられている。しかしながら、従来の貴金属触媒の場
合、これを800℃程度の高温に加熱すると、その貴金
属粒子が凝集(シンタリング)し、そのため、触媒の活
性点の減少や、活性点構造等の質的変化が起り、その結
果、触媒の活性や選択性が低下するという問題を生じ
る。
2. Description of the Related Art A noble metal such as rhodium is widely used as a catalyst for various reactions as a catalyst metal supported on a heat-resistant carrier metal oxide such as silica or alumina in the form of ultrafine particles. However, in the case of a conventional noble metal catalyst, when it is heated to a high temperature of about 800 ° C., the noble metal particles aggregate (sinter), and therefore, a decrease in the active site of the catalyst and a qualitative change such as the active site structure are caused. As a result, there arises a problem that the activity and selectivity of the catalyst are reduced.

【0003】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、耐熱性にす
ぐれた貴金属超微粒子を提供することをその課題とす
る。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide ultrafine precious metal particles having excellent heat resistance.

【0004】[0004]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、前記課題
を解決すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、本発明を完成する
に至った。即ち、本発明によれば、貴金属超微粒子を芯
物質とし、その周囲をシリカ層で包囲してなるエッグシ
ェル構造を有する貴金属超微粒子が提供される。
Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have made intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, have completed the present invention. That is, according to the present invention, there is provided a precious metal ultrafine particle having an egg shell structure in which the precious metal ultrafine particle is used as a core material and the periphery thereof is surrounded by a silica layer.

【0005】[0005]

【発明の実施の形態】本発明のエッグシェル構造を有す
る貴金属超微粒子は、マイクロエマルジョン法を利用し
て製造することができる。本発明の貴金属超微粒子を製
造するには、貴金属塩化物の水溶液を界面活性剤を含む
有機溶媒溶液中に加え、撹拌し、油中水滴型のマイクロ
エマルジョンを作る。この場合、界面活性剤の選択は重
要で、エッグシェル構造の貴金属超微粒子を安定的に得
るためには、ポリオキシエチレンセチルエーテルを使用
するのが好ましい。このものとは異ったタイプの界面活
性剤を用いても、初期の貴金属超微粒子を得ることがで
きない。前記界面活性剤に含まれるポリオキシエチレン
基において、そのオキシエチレンの平均付加モル数は1
0〜20、好ましくは4〜16である。また、有機溶媒
としては、シクロヘキサンやシクロヘキサノール等の非
水溶性ないし難水溶性のものが用いられる。撹拌温度は
室温〜80℃、好ましくは40〜60℃である。前記貴
金属塩化物の水溶液中濃度は0.1〜1モル/dm3
好ましくは0.2〜0.5モル/dm3であり、界面活
性剤の有機溶媒中濃度は0.1〜1モル/dm3、好ま
しくは0.2〜0.8モル/dm3である。
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The noble metal ultrafine particles having an egg shell structure of the present invention can be produced by utilizing a microemulsion method. In order to produce the noble metal ultrafine particles of the present invention, an aqueous solution of a noble metal chloride is added to an organic solvent solution containing a surfactant and stirred to form a water-in-oil type microemulsion. In this case, the selection of the surfactant is important, and it is preferable to use polyoxyethylene cetyl ether in order to stably obtain the noble metal ultrafine particles having the egg shell structure. Even if a different type of surfactant is used, the initial noble metal ultrafine particles cannot be obtained. In the polyoxyethylene group contained in the surfactant, the average number of moles of oxyethylene added is 1
It is 0-20, preferably 4-16. As the organic solvent, a water-insoluble or hardly water-soluble organic solvent such as cyclohexane or cyclohexanol is used. The stirring temperature is from room temperature to 80 ° C, preferably from 40 to 60 ° C. The concentration of the noble metal chloride in the aqueous solution is 0.1 to 1 mol / dm 3 ,
The concentration is preferably 0.2 to 0.5 mol / dm 3 , and the concentration of the surfactant in the organic solvent is 0.1 to 1 mol / dm 3 , preferably 0.2 to 0.8 mol / dm 3 . .

【0006】次に、前記マイクロエマルジョンに対し、
ヒドラジンハイドレートを加えて貴金属塩化物と反応さ
せ、貴金属とヒドラジン(N24)とのコンプレックス
を形成し、次いでテトラエチルオルソシリケート(TE
OS)とアンモニア水溶液を加えてそのTEOSを加水
分解させ、重縮合させる。この場合の温度は約50℃で
ある。この操作により、貴金属−N24コンプレックス
超微粒子を含む沈殿が得られるが、このものは、液中か
ら濾別し、次いでエタノールで洗浄した後、乾燥し、さ
らに、空気流通過下で400〜600℃で焼成する。こ
の焼成により、超微粒子に付着する界面活性剤は焼失さ
れる。
Next, with respect to the microemulsion,
Hydrazine hydrate is added and reacted with the noble metal chloride to form a complex of the noble metal and hydrazine (N 2 H 4 ), then tetraethyl orthosilicate (TE)
OS) and an aqueous ammonia solution are added to hydrolyze the TEOS to cause polycondensation. The temperature in this case is about 50 ° C. By this operation, a precipitate containing noble metal-N 2 H 4 complex ultrafine particles is obtained, which is separated from the liquid by filtration, washed with ethanol, dried, and further dried under a stream of air. Bake at ~ 600 ° C. By this firing, the surfactant attached to the ultrafine particles is burned off.

【0007】次いで、前記のようにして得られる超微粒
子を400〜500℃で水素と接触させ、貴金属/N2
4コンプレックスを貴金属微粒子とする。前記のよう
にして得られる貴金属超微粒子は、エッグシェル構造の
ものである。即ち、貴金属超微粒子を芯物質とし、その
周囲をシリカ層で包囲した構造を有する超微粒子であ
る。この超微粒子において、それ全体の粒径は3〜50
nm、特に、8〜25nmであり、その芯物質を構成す
る貴金属超微粒子の粒径は1〜10nm、特に、3〜5
nmである。また、そのシリカ層の厚みは、1〜40n
m、特に、3〜10nmである。微粒子中の貴金属含有
量は0.1〜30wt%である。
Next, the ultrafine particles obtained as described above are brought into contact with hydrogen at 400 to 500 ° C., and the noble metal / N 2
The H 4 complex is a noble metal particle. The noble metal ultrafine particles obtained as described above have an egg shell structure. That is, it is an ultrafine particle having a structure in which the precious metal ultrafine particle is used as a core material and the periphery thereof is surrounded by a silica layer. In these ultrafine particles, the total particle size is 3 to 50.
nm, particularly 8 to 25 nm, and the particle size of the noble metal ultrafine particles constituting the core substance is 1 to 10 nm, particularly 3 to 5 nm.
nm. The thickness of the silica layer is 1 to 40 n.
m, especially 3 to 10 nm. The noble metal content in the fine particles is 0.1 to 30 wt%.

【0008】本発明のエッグシェル構造の貴金属超微粒
子において、その貴金属は、ロジウム(Rh)又はそれ
と同等の貴金属であるルテニウム(Ru)や白金(P
t)等であることもできる。
In the ultrafine particles of a noble metal having an egg shell structure of the present invention, the noble metal is rhodium (Rh) or ruthenium (Ru) or platinum (P) which is a noble metal equivalent thereto.
t) and the like.

【0009】[0009]

【実施例】次に本発明を実施例によりさらに詳細に説明
する。
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.

【0010】実施例1 塩化ロジウム(RhCl3)を0.38モル/dm3の濃
度で含む水溶液34重量部を、50℃の温度でポリオシ
キエチレン(15)セチルエーテルを0.5モル/dm
3の濃度で含むシクロヘキサン溶液1重量部に加え、撹
拌して、油中水滴型のマイクロエマルジョンを作った。
次に、このマイクロエマルジョンにヒドラジンハイドレ
ート0.15重量部を添加混合し、Rh/N24コンプ
レックスからなる超微粒子を形成した。次に、テトラエ
チルオルソシリケート(TEOS)7重量部と28wt
%のアンモニア水7重量部を50℃で添加混合し、TE
OSの加水分解と重縮合を行った。これにより、Rh/
24超微粒子を含有する沈殿が得られた。次に、この
沈殿粒子を液中から濾別し、エタノールで洗浄し、80
℃で一晩乾燥し、空気流通過下で500℃で2時間焼成
した。次いで、水素ガスを用いて450℃で2時間還元
した。このようにして得られた超微粒子は、中心部に直
径約4nmのRh超微粒子を1個有し、その周囲が多孔
質のシリカ層で包囲された平均粒子約20nmの超微粒
子からなるエッグシェル構造のものであり、そのRh含
有量は6.6wt%であった。このRh超微粒子は、エ
ッグシェル構造を有することから、耐熱性のすぐれたも
ので、800℃で加熱しても、Rh超微粒子のシンタリ
ングは実質的に生じなかった。
EXAMPLE 1 34 parts by weight of an aqueous solution containing rhodium chloride (RhCl 3 ) at a concentration of 0.38 mol / dm 3 was added at a temperature of 50 ° C. to 0.5 mol / dm of polyoxyethylene (15) cetyl ether.
The resulting mixture was added to 1 part by weight of a cyclohexane solution containing a concentration of 3 and stirred to form a water-in-oil type microemulsion.
Next, 0.15 parts by weight of hydrazine hydrate was added to and mixed with the microemulsion to form ultrafine particles composed of a Rh / N 2 H 4 complex. Next, 7 parts by weight of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and 28 wt.
% Aqueous ammonia at 50 ° C. and mixed.
OS hydrolysis and polycondensation were performed. Thereby, Rh /
A precipitate containing N 2 H 4 ultrafine particles was obtained. Next, the precipitated particles are filtered out of the liquid, washed with ethanol,
C. overnight, and calcined at 500.degree. C. for 2 hours under flowing air. Next, reduction was carried out at 450 ° C. for 2 hours using hydrogen gas. The ultrafine particles thus obtained have one Rh ultrafine particle having a diameter of about 4 nm at the center, and an egg shell composed of ultrafine particles having an average particle size of about 20 nm surrounded by a porous silica layer. It had a structure, and its Rh content was 6.6 wt%. Since the Rh ultrafine particles have an egg shell structure, they have excellent heat resistance. Even when heated at 800 ° C., sintering of the Rh ultrafine particles did not substantially occur.

【0011】比較例1 実施例1において、界面活性剤としてポリオキシエチレ
ン(5)−p−ノニルフェニルエーテルを用いた以外は
同様にして実験を行った。この場合に得られた粒子は、
比較的大きな直径(平均粒径:約300nm)を有し、
エッグシェル構造のものではなく、シリカ粒子中に多数
のRh超微粒子が分散した構造のもので、そのRh含有
量は1.3wt%であった。
Comparative Example 1 An experiment was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polyoxyethylene (5) -p-nonylphenyl ether was used as a surfactant. The particles obtained in this case are:
Has a relatively large diameter (average particle size: about 300 nm),
Rather than having an egg shell structure, it had a structure in which a number of Rh ultra-fine particles were dispersed in silica particles, and the Rh content was 1.3 wt%.

【0012】なお、界面活性剤として他のもの、例え
ば、ポリオキシエチレン(23)ラウリルエーテル、セ
チルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミド、ナトリウムビス
(2−エチルヘキシル)スルホサクシネート等を用いた
場合にも、エッグシェル構造の超微粒子は得られず、前
記比較例1で得られたのと同様の構造の粒子が得られる
だけであった。
Incidentally, when other surfactants such as polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate and the like are used, an egg shell structure is also used. Was not obtained, and only particles having the same structure as that obtained in Comparative Example 1 were obtained.

【0013】[0013]

【発明の効果】本発明の貴金属超微粒子は、その周囲が
シリカ層で被覆されたエッグシェル構造のものであるた
め、高い熱安定化を有し、800℃程度の高温に加熱し
てもシンタリングを殆んど生じない。従って、本発明の
貴金属超微粒子は、耐熱性の良い貴金属触媒として有利
に用いることができる。
The precious metal ultrafine particles of the present invention have a high heat stabilization because they have an egg shell structure whose periphery is covered with a silica layer. Almost no rings. Therefore, the noble metal ultrafine particles of the present invention can be advantageously used as a noble metal catalyst having good heat resistance.

Claims (4)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 貴金属超微粒子を芯物質とし、その周囲
をシリカ層で包囲してなるエッグシェル構造を有する貴
金属超微粒子。
1. Noble metal ultrafine particles having an egg shell structure in which noble metal ultrafine particles are used as a core material and the periphery thereof is surrounded by a silica layer.
【請求項2】 貴金属超微粒子の粒径が1〜10nmで
ある請求項1の貴金属超微粒子。
2. The noble metal ultrafine particle according to claim 1, wherein the noble metal ultrafine particle has a particle size of 1 to 10 nm.
【請求項3】 貴金属超微粒子が金属ロジウムである請
求項1又は2の貴金属超微粒子。
3. The noble metal ultrafine particle according to claim 1, wherein the noble metal ultrafine particle is metal rhodium.
【請求項4】 請求項1〜3のいずれかの貴金属超微粒
子からなる貴金属触媒。
4. A noble metal catalyst comprising the noble metal ultrafine particles according to claim 1.
JP07146998A 1998-03-05 1998-03-05 Noble metal ultrafine particles with egg shell structure Expired - Fee Related JP4200202B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP07146998A JP4200202B2 (en) 1998-03-05 1998-03-05 Noble metal ultrafine particles with egg shell structure

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP07146998A JP4200202B2 (en) 1998-03-05 1998-03-05 Noble metal ultrafine particles with egg shell structure

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH11246227A true JPH11246227A (en) 1999-09-14
JP4200202B2 JP4200202B2 (en) 2008-12-24

Family

ID=13461505

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP07146998A Expired - Fee Related JP4200202B2 (en) 1998-03-05 1998-03-05 Noble metal ultrafine particles with egg shell structure

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP4200202B2 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006064684A1 (en) * 2004-12-14 2006-06-22 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Catalyst, exhaust gas clarifying catalyst, and method for producing catalyst
JP2007229594A (en) * 2006-02-28 2007-09-13 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Catalyst for cleaning exhaust gas and its manufacturing method

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101591640B1 (en) 2014-10-13 2016-02-05 한림대학교 산학협력단 Core containing platinum nanodots assemblies and silica shell nanoparticles and synthetic method thereof
KR101877262B1 (en) * 2016-10-26 2018-07-11 한림대학교 산학협력단 Assemblies of Au and core-shell Au/Pt Nanoparticles within Silica Nanotubes and synthetic methods thereof

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006064684A1 (en) * 2004-12-14 2006-06-22 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Catalyst, exhaust gas clarifying catalyst, and method for producing catalyst
JP2008212935A (en) * 2004-12-14 2008-09-18 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Catalyst for purification of exhaust gas
JP4631934B2 (en) * 2004-12-14 2011-02-16 日産自動車株式会社 Exhaust gas purification catalyst
US8080494B2 (en) 2004-12-14 2011-12-20 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Catalyst, exhaust gas purifying catalyst, and method of producing the catalyst
JP2007229594A (en) * 2006-02-28 2007-09-13 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Catalyst for cleaning exhaust gas and its manufacturing method

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