JPH11236289A - Compost production equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the subject equipment capable of more efficiently composting the raw material by always maintaining the volume of a raw material in a fermenter drum at a level of nearly 80% of the volume of the fermenter drum. SOLUTION: In this equipment, a raw material 2 is charged into a fermenter drum 5 through a charging port hopper 3 and then, the charged raw material 2 is scraped up by flat blades 15a and passed through a combination of two screw vanes 16a and 16b to fill about 80% of the volume of the fermenter drum 5 with the raw material 2. Then, the raw material 2 is unraveled by flat blades 15b and 15c rotated together with the fermenter drum 5 to form compost 18 and the compost 18 is discharged to the outside through an outlet hopper 17 placed in the upper part of the drum 5. Also, the central shaft of the drum 5 is provided with an air blowpipe 14 and air is supplied to the raw material 2 from the outside to maintain an appropriate fermentation state in the fermenter drum 5.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a compost production apparatus, and more particularly to a compost production apparatus for producing a completely matured compost by fermenting and decomposing organic residues.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional cylindrical compost manufacturing apparatus,
The raw material input from the inlet is put into a cylindrical fermenter drum, and the compost is formed while the raw material is fed to the outlet while rotating the drum. A baffle plate or the like is provided on the inner peripheral wall of the drum as a guide portion for feeding the raw material.

[0003]

The volume of the raw material packed in the drum from the charging port gradually decreases as approaching the outlet. This is a good fermentation
It was inconvenient. For example, if the drum diameter is 2.5
m to 3 m, the compost therein is 1.5 m to 2.5 m
m. If more than this,
Due to the weight, the density of the raw material increases and fermentation is difficult.
If the temperature is lower than that, the outside air temperature influences, the temperature of the raw material does not rise, and suitable fermentation hardly occurs. It is therefore important for a suitable fermentation that the proportion of raw material in the drum is always between 70% and 80%. The efficiency of compost production was poor, and a compost outlet had to be provided at the bottom of the drum.

In order to overcome this drawback, the present applicant has proposed an automatic composting apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2710011. However, in this device, the inner peripheral wall of the drum must be provided with a spiral wing portion that is continuously narrowed from the input port to the discharge port, and the interval between them is gradually narrowed. There are drawbacks that it takes time and increases the production cost.

[0005] It is an object of the present invention to provide a compost manufacturing apparatus capable of efficiently producing an aged compost by filling raw materials at a ratio of about 80% of the volume of the fermenter drum.

[0006]

According to the present invention, there is provided a fermenter drum provided with a cylindrical outer peripheral wall made of wire mesh, for composting a raw material, and provided inside the drum for feeding the raw material. A guide portion, an inlet hopper provided at one upper end of the fermenter drum for feeding raw materials, an outlet hopper provided at the other end of the fermenter drum for discharging compost, and the fermenter drum Provided on the central axis of the air supply pipe of a small diameter for sending air, by rotating the guide portion, feed the raw material from the input hopper to the outlet hopper, ferment the raw material during that, In a compost production apparatus in which air is fed into a raw material in the fermenter drum through a number of blowout holes provided in a wall surface of the air supply pipe, the guide unit is integrated with the drum. It consists of a plurality of flat blades attached to the inner surface of the drum and two screw blades combined so as to rotate, and the two screw blades wind up the raw material and increase the proportion of the raw material in the drum. And an outlet hopper is provided above the other end of the drum.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring to FIG. 1, an apparatus for producing a fully-ripened compost according to the present invention will be described. The raw material 2 composed of organic residues transported by the belt conveyor 1 is fed into the fully-ripened compost production apparatus 4 according to the present invention via the input port hopper 3.
The apparatus 4 includes a cylindrical fermenter drum 5, and the drum 5 includes a wire mesh outer wall 6 on an outer peripheral portion, and includes four drum units 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d. By connecting the drum units 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d manufactured in advance to each other, the drum 5 that rotates integrally is assembled.

The mesh of the outer wall 6 has a size of about 0.5 mm. In order to increase the strength, the wire net-like outer wall 5 is reinforced by a metal supporting member 6a extending in the longitudinal direction on the outer peripheral surface.
The plurality of support members 6a are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the drum 5. A plurality of holes 6b are provided in the support material 6a. A portable thermometer is inserted into these holes 6b, and the fermentation temperature of the raw material 2 is measured, so that the fermentation state of the raw material 2 can be known. Each of the drum units 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d has a diameter of 2.5 m and a width of 1.5 m.

A gantry 7 is provided below the fermenter drum 5. The output of the motor 8 provided on the gantry 7 is a gear 9
Is connected to the chain 10. The chain 10 is wound around a wire mesh outer wall 6 of the fermenter drum 5. Since the outer ring portion 13 of the drum 5 is in contact with the roller 12 on the base 11 of the gantry 7, the drum 5
Outputs an anticlockwise rotation about the central axis.

[0010] A vent pipe 14 extends along the center axis of the drum 5. The ventilation tube 14 is for sending air containing oxygen for promoting fermentation to the raw material 2. However, even if the amount of oxygen to be supplied is too large, the fermentation temperature is lowered, and it becomes difficult to perform suitable fermentation.
It is important to regulate the supply of oxygen.

When the fermentation starts, the water in the raw material 2 evaporated by the heat of the fermentation is radiated to the outside through the mesh of the wire mesh outer wall 6 of the fermenter drum 5. Therefore, the moisture in the raw material decreases in a short time. The air flowing through the pores of the ventilation tube 14 supplies sufficient oxygen to ferment the bacteria. Further, since the inside of the fermenter drum 5 has a higher pressure than the outside, the outside air does not enter.

On the inner peripheral wall of the drum 5, flat blades 15
a, 15b, 15c, and screw blades 16a, 16b
Is attached. These flat blades 15a, 15
b and 15c and the screw blades 16a and 16b are welded to the inside of the drum 7, so that they rotate integrally with the drum 7. Flat blades 15a, 15
b, 15c are welded to the inner surface of the support member 6a, and have a length of 50 cm in a radial direction and a length of 50 cm to 1 m in an axial direction, respectively.
Is a square shape. As shown in FIG. 2, four flat plate blades 15a near the inlet 3 are attached at intervals of approximately 90 degrees and extend in the radial direction. The raw material 2 input from the input hopper 3 is supplied to the drum unit 5a.
Occupies about 50% of the internal volume. Next, raw material 2
Are the two screw blades 16a, 16
b.

In FIG. 1, the screw blades 16a and 16b viewed from the line III-III are shown in FIG.
The outer ends of the screw blades 16a and 16b are welded to the inner peripheral wall surfaces of the drum units 5a and 5b, and are separated at the inner end so as not to contact the air supply pipe 14 along the central axis. Is rotated counterclockwise with the drum 5. In the vicinity of the input hopper 3, 50% of the raw material 2 is forcibly fed by being wound up by two layers of screw blades 3 rotating simultaneously.
It occupies about 80% of the volume in the drum 5.

Next, the raw material 2 occupying about 80% is guided in the drum unit 5c while being loosened by the four flat blades 15b. The flat blade 15b is mounted in the same structure as the flat blade 15a near the immersion hopper 3 as shown in FIG. Raw material 2 is then transferred to drum unit 5
Guided to d. Eight flat blades 15c are welded to the support member 6a in the drum unit 5d. By eight flat plate blades 15c rotating together with the drum 5,
The lifted raw material 2 becomes a compost 18 and is discharged to a belt conveyor 19 from an outlet hopper 17 provided at an upper portion of the drum 5.

FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 show the internal structure of the air supply pipe 14. A plurality of blowout holes 21 are provided on the wall surface of the air supply pipe 14. Four small tubes 20a, 20b, 20c, and 20d are provided in the air supply tube 14.
Each of the small tubes 20a, 20b, 20c, and 20d is provided with a flow meter 22 and a valve 23, respectively, to adjust the flow rate of air. Each capillary 20a, 20, 20c, 20d
Extend to positions corresponding to the left ends of the drum units 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, respectively, and are opened in the air supply pipe 14. Therefore, the amount of air sent into each of the drum units 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d through the outlet hole 21 of the air supply pipe 14 is freely adjusted. The fermentation temperature is measured by a thermometer inserted into the hole 6b, and when the fermentation state is known, each capillary 20a, 20, 20c,
The amount of air passing through 20d is adjusted to maintain the fermentation conditions in a favorable state.

According to the compost production apparatus of the present invention, it takes about four days for the raw material to become compost, and the first raw material has a water content of 65%.
% Is about 60% in the manufactured compost. Following this primary fermentation, the compost is sent to a secondary fermenter 24. As shown in FIG. 6, the secondary fermentation tank 24 includes a partition chamber 25 having a U-shaped cross section. A plurality of separated tubes 26 are provided on the floor of the partition 25. The tube 26 is made of vinyl chloride or stainless steel. Each tube 26 is connected to a rotary blower 27. The compost is piled up in each partition room 25. The air sent from the rotary blower 27 is blown into the compost through the pores of the pipe 26. Such air prevents the proliferation of spoilage bacteria and supplies oxygen necessary for the fermentation bacteria. As in the case of primary fermentation, even if too much oxygen is supplied, the fermentation temperature of the compost is lowered, so that the amount of supply must be adjusted appropriately.

The compost is cut back at intervals of 3 to 5 days. The turning operation is an operation of turning over the compost using a machine such as a tire loader. By repeating this process and leaving it for one month, the moisture of the compost falls to 45% to 50%, and a suitable compost is produced. Conventional products have a water content of 40
% Or less, but because the product of the present invention has a lot of moisture,
There is an advantage that it is not easily scattered in the wind.

[0018]

According to the present invention, by providing the plate blade and the two screw blades, the raw material in the fermenter drum is sent while occupying 70 to 80% of the volume of the drum, thereby performing fermentation. It is possible to always maintain the optimum condition and produce compost efficiently. Fermentation comparable to ordinary sedimentation fermentation, which takes about one month, can be performed in about four days. Due to the increased amount of compost in the total volume, an outlet hopper, which was conventionally mounted at the bottom, can be provided at the top of the drum, similar to an input hopper. Because the outlet is high, it is suitable for mounting on a belt conveyor. Further, the amount of air sent into the raw material can be adjusted through an air supply pipe having a plurality of small tubes connected to a flow meter and a valve therein, so that the fermentation state can be suitably maintained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of an apparatus for producing a fully matured compost according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an attached state of a flat plate blade in a fermenter drum according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows a screw blade, III- in FIG.
Line III vertical sectional view.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the flow of air in four thin tubes provided inside an air supply pipe.

FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of an air supply pipe provided with four thin tubes.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a secondary fermenter for fermenting compost following primary fermentation.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1,19 Belt conveyor 2 Raw material 3 Input port hopper 4 Compost production device 5 Fermenter drum 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d Drum unit 6 Wire mesh outer peripheral wall 6a Support material 6b Hole 7 Mount 8 Motor 9 Gear 10 Chain 11 units 12 Roller 13 Outer ring part 14 Ventilation pipe 15a, 15b, 15c Flat plate blade 16a, 16b Screw blade 17 Exit hopper 18 Compost 19 Belt conveyor 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d Small tube 21 Blow hole 22 Flow meter 23 Valve 24 Secondary fermentation tank 25 Partition room 26 Tube 27 Rotary blower

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A fermenter drum provided with a cylindrical outer peripheral wall made of wire mesh for composting a raw material, a guide provided inside the drum for feeding the raw material, and one end of the fermenter drum An inlet hopper provided at an upper portion for feeding raw materials, an outlet hopper provided at the other end of the fermenter drum for discharging compost, and an air hopper provided at a center axis of the fermenter drum are provided. With a small diameter air duct for
By rotating the guide portion, the raw material is sent from the input port hopper to the outlet hopper, and the raw material is fermented during that time. In a compost manufacturing apparatus adapted to be fed into a raw material in a fermenter drum, the guide portion is configured to rotate integrally with the drum, and a plurality of flat blades attached to an inner surface of the drum,
Composed of two screw blades, the two screw blades wind up the raw material and increase the ratio of the raw material in the drum, and an outlet hopper is provided at the upper end of the other end of the drum. A compost manufacturing apparatus characterized in that: (2) From the input port hopper to the outlet hopper,
The compost manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the flat plate blade, the screw blade, and the flat plate blade are provided in this order. 3. A plurality of reinforcing supports are provided in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical outer peripheral wall of the fermenter drum, and radially-oriented flat blades are attached to the inner peripheral surfaces of these supports. 1 or 2 compost manufacturing apparatus. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the fermenter drum comprises a plurality of connected drum units. 5. A plurality of small tubes are provided in an air supply tube, one end of each of the small tubes is connected to a flow meter and a valve, and the other end is opened in the air supply tube at a position corresponding to one end of each drum unit. The compost production apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the amount of air supplied to the raw material through the outlet of the air supply pipe is adjusted thereby to perform suitable fermentation.