JPH11200406A - Backhoe - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a backhoe having a valve unit which has a structure such that even though control valves for controlling the various hydraulic equipment of the backhoe are centralized, the control valves and corresponding control means can be connected together so as to operate in combination. SOLUTION: Control valves B1 to B9 are integrally connected together in a direction perpendicular to the control direction of spools S1 to S9, and an integrated valve unit 32 is placed on the front of a swivel base 6 so that the spool S1 to S9 are controlled in the longitudinal direction. The spools S3, S4, S5, S9 of the control valves B3, B4, B5, B9 corresponding to control means 23R, 23L, 30, 31 located ahead of the valve unit 32 are projected forward, while the spools S1, S2, S6, S7, S8 of the other control valves B1, B2, B6, B7, B8 are projected backward.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a backhoe.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a backhoe, a swivel is provided on a traveling device so as to be swivelable around a vertical axis, and a swing bracket is supported at the front of the swivel so as to be able to swing left and right. A boom is swingably supported by the swing bracket, an arm is swingably supported at the end of the boom, and a bucket is swingably supported at the end of the arm. Is provided with a dozer, and these swing brackets, booms, arms, buckets, and dozers are swung by hydraulic cylinders. The traveling device includes a pair of left and right traveling bodies of a rubber crawler type, and these traveling bodies and the swivel table are driven by a hydraulic motor. Further, a hydraulic take-out unit is provided to drive a hydraulic attachment such as a hydraulic breaker attached in place of the bucket.

A control valve for controlling the swing bracket, a boom, an arm, a bucket, a hydraulic cylinder for a dozer, a hydraulic motor for a traveling body and a swivel base, and a hydraulic drive unit of a hydraulic attachment is a direct-acting spool type switching valve. Has been adopted. When disposing the control valves in a distributed manner, it is difficult to assemble and maintain the control valves in a distributed manner. Therefore, the control valves are connected and integrated in a direction orthogonal to the sliding direction of the spool. So that the arrangement direction of the control valve is the front and rear direction,
Some are arranged on the front left side of the swivel base, and all spools are formed to project rightward.

[0004]

In the prior art, a control valve for a boom for operating a boom, a control valve for an arm for operating an arm, a control valve for a bucket for operating a bucket, and a control valve for a dozer for operating a dozer. , And operating means for operating a turning control valve for turning the swivel table are arranged on both the left and right sides of the driver's seat. Each operating means and each control valve are interlocked and connected by a cable. The strength members for supporting the swing bracket are arranged in the front-rear direction,
Since the swivel motor and swivel joint are located in the center of the swivel base, a small backhoe controls the valve unit that connects and integrates each control valve in the direction orthogonal to the sliding direction of the spool. If the valve is arranged on the front left side of the swivel so that the direction of the valve is in the front-rear direction, and all the spools protrude rightward, it is difficult to connect the cable to the spool in terms of space. There is.

Therefore, a valve unit in which the control valves are connected and integrated in a direction orthogonal to the sliding direction of the spool is arranged so that the arrangement direction of each control valve is the left-right direction.
It is conceivable to arrange it on the front left side of the swivel. In this case, since the operating means for operating the boom control valve, the arm control valve, the bucket control valve, the dozer control valve, and the turning control valve are located behind the valve unit, it is necessary to connect the cables. Considering this, the spool necessarily projects rearward.

On the other hand, operating means for operating the traveling control valve for driving the traveling device, the swing control valve for swinging the boom to the left and right, and the SP control valve for driving the hydraulic attachment are provided in front of the driver's seat in front of the swivel. And is located in front of the valve unit. Further, since the cable is expensive and the traveling control valve, swing control valve, SP control valve and these operating means are relatively close to each other, the control valves and the operating means have a link structure. However, if the spool is protruded backward, the link structure becomes complicated, causing a problem that play is increased.

In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a backhoe in which an optimum arrangement and structure of a valve unit are taken into consideration.

[0008]

The technical means taken by the present invention to achieve the above object is to provide a swivel 6 supported on a traveling device 3 so as to be rotatable around a vertical axis.
The swivel 6 is provided with control valves B1 to B9 for controlling various hydraulic devices, respectively.
Operating means 23R, 23L, 25, 2 for operating
6, 28, 30, and 31, the control valves B1 to B9 are connected and integrated in a direction orthogonal to the operation direction of the spools S1 to S9. S1-9 at the front of the
Are arranged so that the operation directions of the operation units are in the front-rear direction, and the operation means 23R, 2
Control valves B3, B4, B corresponding to 3L, 30, 31
The spools S3, S4, S5 and S9 of the control valves B1, B2 and B9 are projected forward.
6, B7, B8 spools S1, S2, S6, S7, S
8 is configured to protrude rearward.

The spools S3, S4, S of the traveling control valves B3, B5 for driving the traveling device 3, the swing control valve B9 for swinging the boom 17 right and left, and the SP control valve B4 for driving the hydraulic attachment.
5, S9 has a forward projecting shape, and a boom control valve B1 for operating the boom 17, an arm control valve B6 for operating the arm 18, a bucket control valve B2 for operating the bucket 19, and a dozer for operating the dozer 5. The control valve B7 and the spools S1, S2, S6, S7, S8 of the turning control valve B8 for turning the swivel base 6 are also characterized by projecting rearward.

[0010]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 shows the entire side structure of the small-sized backhoe 1, which is mainly composed of an upper swing body 2 and a lower traveling device 3. The traveling device 3 includes a pair of right and left traveling members 4 of a rubber crawler type, and the left and right traveling members 4 are connected to a frame F. The crawler belts of the left and right traveling members 4 are driven in reverse by a hydraulic motor M1. It is designed to be circulated. The traveling device 3
A dozer 5 is provided at the front of the frame so as to be vertically swingable. The dozer 5 is vertically swung by a hydraulic cylinder interposed between the dozer 5 and the frame F of the traveling device 3. It is configured to:

The revolving unit 2 includes a revolving base 6 supported by the traveling device 3, an excavating device 7 supported on the front of the revolving platform 6, and a revolving platform 6.
It is mainly constituted by a driver's seat 8 and a four-post canopy 9 provided above. The revolving base 6 is provided on a base member 10 constituting a bottom portion, and is arranged in the front-rear direction. The main structure is such that the upper surface, left and right side surfaces and the front surface are covered with a cover made of a resin plate or a steel plate, and the inside is hollow.

An engine, a radiator, a hydraulic pump, an air cleaner, and the like are arranged behind the swivel 6, and these are covered by a bonnet 13. Base member 10
The outer race of the bearing is fixed to the, the inner race of the bearing is fixed to the frame F of the traveling device 3, the base member 10 is supported to be rotatable around the vertical axis, and the base member A hydraulic motor M2 that drives a drive gear that meshes with an internal gear provided on the inner peripheral side of the inner race of the bearing that supports the base member 10
Is fixed, and the turning table 6 is driven by the hydraulic motor M2.
Can be turned.

At the front ends of the left and right main frame members 11 of the swivel 6,
The support bracket 15 is fixed.
5, a swing bracket 16 is supported so as to be able to swing left and right around the vertical axis, and the swing bracket 16 is a hydraulic cylinder interposed between the swing bracket 16 and the rear portion of the right main frame member. It is configured to swing right and left.

The excavator 7 has a main structure including a boom 17, an arm 18 and a bucket 19. The boom 17 is supported by a swing bracket 16 so as to be swingable around a left-right axis. A bucket 19 is supported at the distal end side of the boom 17 so as to be swingable about the left-right axis, and the bucket 19 is supported at the distal end side of the arm 18 about the left-right axis via a pivot shaft and a link mechanism. I have.

The boom 17 is mounted on the swing bracket 1.
The arm 18 is swung by the expansion and contraction of a boom cylinder 20 interposed between the boom 17 and the middle part of the boom 17, and the arm 18 is expanded and contracted by an arm cylinder 21 interposed between the middle part of the boom 17 and the arm 18. Rocked by the bucket 19
Is swung by a bucket cylinder 22 interposed between the arm 18 and the link mechanism, and the boom cylinder 2
0, the arm cylinder 21 and the bucket cylinder 22 are constituted by hydraulic cylinders.

A hydraulic outlet (not shown) for operating a hydraulic attachment or the like attached in place of the bucket 19 is provided on the front surface of the swivel table 6 or on the distal end side of the arm 18. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the driver's seat 8 is provided at the center in the left-right direction in front of the hood 13 of the swivel 6, and in front of the driver's seat 8, a pair of left and right traveling members that operate the left and right traveling bodies 4 separately Operating levers 23L, 23R
Are arranged on both left and right sides of the driver's seat 8.
4R are arranged.

An operating lever 24 for the bucket boom for operating the boom cylinder 20 and the bucket cylinder 22, an operating lever 26 for the dozer for operating the dozer 5, and an operating lever 25 for the bucket boom are provided on the right operating console 24R.
And a lock lever 27 for locking the lock. On the other hand, on the left operating table 24L, a turning / arm operating lever 2 for operating the hydraulic motor M2 and the arm cylinder 21 is provided.
8 and a lock lever 29 for locking the turning / arm operation lever 28.

On the right side of the traveling operation levers 23L, 23R, there is provided an SP operation pedal 30 for operating a hydraulic attachment or the like, and the traveling operation levers 23L, 23R are provided.
A swing operation pedal 31 for operating a hydraulic cylinder that swings the swing bracket 16 is provided on the left side of the swing bracket 16. A valve unit 32 for controlling the various hydraulic devices of the backhoe 1 is provided in the swivel 6. The valve unit 32 includes control valves B1 to B9 each of which is a direct-acting spool type switching valve for controlling each hydraulic device.
Are connected and fixed in a direction orthogonal to the operation (sliding) direction of the spools S1 to S9.

The valve unit 32 is disposed on the front left side of the swivel base 6 such that the operation directions of the spools S1 to S9 are in the front-rear direction (that is, the arrangement directions of the control valves B1 to B9 are in the left-right direction). ) Are arranged, and from the right,
Boom control valve B for controlling boom cylinder 20
1. A bucket control valve B2 for controlling the bucket cylinder 22, a right traveling control valve B3 for controlling a hydraulic motor M1 of the right traveling body 4, an SP control valve B4 for controlling a hydraulic attachment, and a hydraulic motor M1 for the left traveling body 4.
Control valve B5 for controlling the left traveling, arm control valve B6 for controlling the arm cylinder 21, and dozer control valve B for controlling the hydraulic cylinder swinging the dozer 5.
7, a turning control valve B8 for controlling the hydraulic motor M2,
A swing control valve B9 for controlling a hydraulic cylinder that swings the swing bracket 16 is integrally connected and fixed to a mounting base 46 fixed to the base member 10.

Spools S1, S of boom control valve B1, bucket control valve B2, arm control valve B6, dozer control valve B7, turning control valve B8.
2, S6, S7, and S8 are formed to project rearward, and spools S of a right-side traveling control valve B3, an SP control valve B4, a left-side traveling control valve B5, and a swing control valve B9.
3, S4, S5, and S9 are projected forward. The left and right traveling operation levers 23L and 23R, the SP operation pedal 30, and the swing operation pedal 31 are disposed on the front side of the valve unit 32 in the front-rear direction.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the left and right operation levers 23L and 23R and the left and right
3 and B5 are linked to each other via link mechanisms 33 and 34. A link mechanism 33 for interlocking the right traveling control lever 23R and the right traveling control valve B3 is connected to a cylinder 35 fixed to the lower part of the right traveling control lever 23R extending leftward. Support shaft 36 for supporting body 35
A link 37 fixed to the lower side of the cylindrical body 35 so as to protrude downward, and a front end side pivotally attached to a lower end side of the link 37 by a pivot 38 so as to be rotatable around a left-right axis and a rear end. A link 39 whose side is pivotally attached to the spool S3 of the right-hand traveling control valve B3 so as to be rotatable around a left-right axis.
It is composed of The support shaft 36 is fixed between a pair of left and right support plates 40 fixed on a mounting base 46, and the cylindrical body 35 is fitted to the right side of the support shaft 36 so as to be rotatable around the axis in the left-right direction. I have.

A link mechanism 3 for interlocking the left traveling control lever 23L and the left traveling control valve B5.
Reference numeral 4 denotes an interlocking link 41 fixed to the lower part of the left-side traveling operation lever 23L so as to protrude leftward, a cylinder 42 fixed to the left end side of the interlocking link 41, and a support shaft for supporting the cylinder 42. 36, a link 43 fixed downwardly to the lower side of the cylindrical body 42, and a front end side is pivotally attached to a lower end side of the link 43 by a pivot 44 so as to be rotatable around a left-right axis. An end side is constituted by a link 45 pivotally attached to a spool S5 of the left traveling control valve B5 so as to be rotatable around a left-right axis. The cylindrical body 42 is externally fitted to the left side of the support shaft 36 so as to be rotatable around the axis in the left-right direction.

Therefore, the left-right running operation lever 23
L and 23R are supported so as to be able to swing back and forth around the axis of the support shaft 36 in the left and right direction. When the operation levers 23L and 23R are tilted forward, the spool S is moved through the link mechanisms 33 and 34.
When the traveling body 4 moves forward and falls backward, the spools S3 and S5 are pushed through the link mechanisms 33 and 34.
Is pulled out, and the traveling body 4 moves backward.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 7, a swing arm 48 is fixed to the lower surface of the SP operation pedal 30 so as to project downward, and the swing arm 48 is fixed to the upper surface of the swivel 6. A support shaft 49 fixed to the support base 49 and supported in the front-rear direction cylindrical body 50 so as to be relatively rotatable is supported by the support shaft 51 so as to be swingable left and right around the axis in the front-rear direction. The SP operation pedal 30 and the SP control valve B4 are connected to a link mechanism 52.
Are linked together. This link mechanism 52
An interlocking rod 53 pivotally attached to the lower end of the swing arm 48 via a ball joint and extending to the left, and an oscillating lever pivotally attached to the left end of the interlocking rod 53 via a ball joint. A cylindrical body 56 rotatably fitted around a vertical axis on a support shaft 55 fixed to a lower front portion of the swing lever 54 and fixed to the mounting base 46 so as to protrude upward. When,
A link 57 fixed to the cylindrical body 56 so as to project leftward;
A link 58 is pivotally connected to the link 57 so as to be rotatable around the vertical axis, and is rotatably connected to the spool S4 of the SP control valve B4 so as to be rotatable about the vertical axis. Thus, the link mechanism 52 is simplified.

Therefore, when the SP operation pedal 30 is swung to the right, the spool S4 is pulled out via the link mechanism 52, for example, the hydraulic motor of the hydraulic attachment rotates forward, and the SP operation pedal 30 is swung to the left. When you do
When the spool S4 is pushed in, the hydraulic motor of the hydraulic attachment rotates in the reverse direction. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 8, on the lower surface side of the swing operation pedal 31,
An oscillating arm 59 is fixed in a downwardly protruding manner. The oscillating arm 59 is rotatably fitted in a front-rear direction cylindrical body 61 which is fixed to a support table 60 fixed to the upper surface of the revolving base 6 so as to be relatively rotatable. The support shaft 62 is swingably supported by a support shaft 62 around a longitudinal axis.

The swing operation pedal 31 and the swing control valve B9 are linked to each other by a link mechanism 63. The link mechanism 63 is pivotally attached to the lower end side of the swing arm 59 via a ball joint and extends to the left, and is pivotally connected to the left end side of the interlock rod 64 via a ball joint. The swinging lever 65 is attached to a support shaft 66 fixed to a lower front portion of the swinging lever 65 and protruding upward from the mounting base 46 so as to be rotatable about a vertical axis. The fitted cylinder 67, a link 68 fixed to the cylinder 67 so as to protrude to the left, and a pivot 68 pivotally attached to the link 68 about a vertical axis.
A link 69 pivotally mounted on the spool S4 of the control valve B4 so as to be rotatable around an axis in the vertical direction, so that the link mechanism 63 is simplified.

Therefore, when the swing operation pedal 31 is swung to the right, the spool S4 is pulled out via the link mechanism 63, the swing bracket 16 swings to the right, and the swing operation pedal 31 is moved to the left. When you rock,
When the spool S4 is pushed in, the swing bracket 16 swings to the left. As shown in FIG. 9, the bucket boom operation lever 25 is
R is swingably supported in the front-rear direction and also in the left-right direction by the support member 71 of the R via the support mechanism 72,
This support mechanism 72 and the spool S1 of the boom control valve B1 and the spool S2 of the bucket control valve B2 are connected to a boom cable 73 composed of a push-pull cable.
And an interlocking connection by a bucket cable 74.

Then, the bucket / boom operation lever 2
5 swings forward, the boom 17 swings upward,
When the bucket boom operation lever 25 is swung to the rear side, the boom 17 swings downward, and when the bucket boom operation lever 25 is swung to the right side, the bucket 1 is moved.
9 is dumped, and the bucket boom operation lever 25 is moved.
Is swung to the left, the bucket 19 performs a scraping operation (squeezing operation).

As shown in FIG. 9, the turning / arm operating lever 28 is supported by a support member 75 of the left operating table 24L.
Are supported by a support mechanism 76 so as to be swingable in the front-rear direction and in the left-right direction.
And the spool S6 of the arm control valve B6 and the spool S8 of the turning control valve B8 are connected to an arm cable 77 and a turning cable 7 made of a push-pull cable.
8 are interlockingly connected.

When the swing / arm operation lever 28 is swung forward, the arm 18 performs a dumping operation (swings forward). When the swing / arm operation lever 28 is swung rearward, the arm 18 is swung. When the swiveling arm 18 swings (swings rearward) and the swing / arm operation lever 28 swings rightward, the swivel table 6 swings rightward, and the swing / arm operation lever 28 swings leftward. When swung, the swivel 6 turns leftward.

As shown in FIG. 10, the dozer operating lever 26 has a boss portion 26a at the lower end of the lever 26 which is rotatable about a left-right axis via a support shaft 79 on a right operating table 24R. The boss portion 2 is supported and can swing back and forth.
An arm 80 is fixed to 6a so as to project downward, and this arm 80 and the spool S7 of the dozer control valve B7 are
They are linked and connected via a dozer cable 81 made of a push-pull cable.

When the dozer operating lever 26 is swung forward, the spool S7 is pushed in and the dozer 5
Is pivoted downward, and when the dozer operation lever 26 is pivoted rearward, the spool S7 is pulled out, and the dozer 5 is pivoted upward.

[0033]

According to the present invention, the control valves B1 to B9 for controlling various hydraulic devices of the backhoe are connected and integrated in a direction orthogonal to the operation direction of the spools S1 to S9.
The integrated valve unit 32 is disposed at the front of the swivel 6 such that the operating directions of the spools S1 to S9 are in the front-rear direction, and the operating means 23R, 23L, 30 located forward of the valve unit 32 are arranged. , 31 corresponding to spools S3, S4, S of control valves B3, B4, B5, B9
5 and S9 are projected forward, and the spools S1 and S of the other control valves B1, B2, B6, B7 and B8.
Since S2, S6, S7, and S8 are configured to protrude rearward, even if the control valves B1 to B9 are centrally arranged, the control valves B1 to B9 and the corresponding operating means 23R are provided. , 23L, 25, 26, 28, 30, 3
Valve unit 32 having a structure capable of satisfactorily interlocking connection with 1
Can be provided.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan sectional view of a swivel base.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the backhoe.

FIG. 3 is a front view of the backhoe.

FIG. 4 is a side view showing an arrangement of a valve unit.

FIG. 5 is a rear view of the backhoe.

FIG. 6 is a partial front sectional view showing an interlocking structure between the operating means and the control valve.

FIG. 7 is a plan view showing an interlocking structure between an operating means and a control valve.

FIG. 8 is a plan view showing an interlocking structure between an operating means and a control valve.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing an interlocking structure between an operating means and a control valve.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing an interlocking structure between an operating means and a control valve.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 3 traveling device 6 swivel 23L traveling operating lever 23R traveling operating lever 25 bucket / boom operating lever 26 dozer operating lever 28 swing / arm operating lever 30 SP operating pedal 31 swing operating pedal 32 valve unit B1 boom Control valve B2 Bucket control valve B3 Travel control lever B4 SP control valve B5 Travel control lever B6 Arm control valve B7 Dozer control valve B8 Turning control valve B9 Swing control valve S1 Spool S2 Spool S3 Spool S4 Spool S5 Spool S6 Spool S7 Spool S8 Spool S9 Spool

Claims (2)

[Claims] A turning table (6) supported on a traveling device (3) to be rotatable about a vertical axis, and a control valve for controlling various hydraulic devices on the turning table (6). (B1-9) and each control valve (B1
9) operating means (23R), (23R)
L), (25), (26), (28), (30), (3
In the backhoe provided with 1), each of the control valves (B1 to 9) is provided with a spool (S1 to S1).
The integrated valve unit (32) is connected and integrated in a direction orthogonal to the operation direction of (9), and the operation direction of the spools (S1 to S9) is set at the front of the swivel (6) so as to be in the front-rear direction. Operating means (23R), (23L), (3)
(B3), (B3) corresponding to (0), (31)
4), spools (B5) and (B9) (S3), (S3)
4), (S5) and (S9) are projected forward,
Other control valves (B1), (B2), (B6),
(B7), (B8) spools (S1), (S2),
A backhoe characterized in that (S6), (S7) and (S8) are configured to protrude rearward. 2. A travel control valve (B3) for driving a travel device (3), a swing control valve (B9) for swinging a boom (17) to the left and right, and an SP control for driving a hydraulic attachment. The spools (S3), (S4), (S5), and (S9) of the valve (B4) project forward, and the boom control valve (B1) for operating the boom (17) and the arm (18) are operated. Arm control valve (B6), bucket control valve (B2) for operating bucket (19), dozer control valve (B7) for operating dozer (5), swing control valve for swinging swivel (6) (B8) spools (S1), (S2),
2. The backhoe according to claim 1, wherein (S6), (S7), and (S8) are formed to project rearward.