JPH11195306A - Blind - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To always maintain naural lighting into a room in an optimal state by successively changing inclination of slats over a lower slat from an upper slat, and arranging a drive mechanism to change the inclination of the slats and a control means of the drive mechanism. SOLUTION: Slats 11 extending in the horizontal direction are arranged in a large number with spacing in the vertical direction in a blind 10. Inclination (a slat angle) of the respective slats 11 is successively changed over a lower slat 11 from an upper slat 11 through a motor as a drive mechanism of the slats 11 and a control device of the motor so that the reflected light H reflected by the slats 11 proceeds in the way to come closer to the ceiling 5 of the indoor inmost part B as it becomes upper and to the ceiling 5 of the window side A as it becomes lower. Therefore, the reflected light H from the slats 11 is not directly radiated to a resident K, and the natural light reaches the inmost indoor part B.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a blind mounted on a window.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As shown in FIG. 8, in a case where natural light is actively used for lighting a room 1 in an office space having a limited floor height, as shown in FIG. When opened, direct sunlight is too dazzling.
As shown in (c), a method of installing a reflector (light shelf) 3 or a prism 4 on the window surface 2 has been proposed. However, they have not been widely adopted due to a large change in the form of the building and problems of maintenance and initial costs. Therefore, usually, a blind is installed on the window surface to adjust the lighting.

[0003]

However, the conventional blind as described above has the following problems. First, as is well known, the position of the sun changes every moment during the day, and also changes according to the season. For this reason, if you feel glare due to sunlight in the room or reflect the sunlight on the computer monitor, manually adjust the angle of the blind slats according to the change in the position of the sunlight. Must. This is very inconvenient for the occupants, and may cause troubles in the work itself, so it is difficult to always maintain the optimal lighting in the room by adjusting the blinds manually. is the current situation.

In order to solve such a problem, in recent years, a device which automatically controls a blind has been provided.
Such automatic control blinds include those that control the blind to "open and close" in response to time, those that adjust the blind slats to an angle to "block" the sunlight based on the sun altitude, etc. However, these are all configured to "block" sunlight by opening and closing the blinds or adjusting the slat angle, so that natural light is not guided indoors.

[0005] On the other hand, an illuminance sensor is installed outside or indoors so that the occupants in the room are not affected by sunlight and actively perform "lighting" into the room to guide natural light.
A device that adjusts the slat angle of a blind based on the illuminance detected by a sensor has also been developed. However, such blinds have been difficult to spread because the illuminance sensor used is very expensive.

Further, since the conventional blind has a constant slat angle from top to bottom, even if the opening is adjusted, there is a large difference between the illuminance between the window and the back of the room, or a large amount of light is required to reach the back of the room. When opened, there was a problem that the worker near the window was too dazzling. In addition, there is a case where the angle is made different between the upper slat and the lower slat, but there is also a problem that it is not possible to uniformly illuminate the room.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and it is possible to always maintain an optimal lighting condition in a room, and evenly from the window to the back of the room without excessive glare. It is an object of the present invention to provide a blind that can receive natural light during the day.

[0008]

The invention according to claim 1 is
By arranging a large number of slats extending in the horizontal direction at intervals in the vertical direction and attaching it to the window surface where sunlight shines,
A blind for controlling daylighting in a room, wherein the blind reflects the sunlight reflected by the slat such that an upper slat is directed toward a ceiling in a room and a lower slat is directed toward a ceiling near a window. The inclination angle of the slats is changed sequentially from the upper slats to the lower slats, and a drive mechanism for changing the inclination angle of the slats, and control means for controlling the drive mechanism are provided.
The control means calculates an optimum tilt angle of the slat based on the sun altitude, and controls the drive mechanism so that the tilt angle of the slat is varied by the drive mechanism so as to be the optimum tilt angle. It is characterized by having.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the blind according to the first aspect, in the control means, the sunlight reflected by the slats is directed toward the ceiling at the back of the room as the slats on the upper side are inclined at the optimum inclination angle. The lower slats face the ceiling near the window, and the angle is set so that sunlight does not directly enter the room.

[0010]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a blind according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a side view showing a state in which the blind 10 is attached to the window surface 2, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part of the blind 10.

The blind 10 is formed by arranging a large number of slats 11 extending in the horizontal direction at intervals in the vertical direction, and the reflected light H reflected on the slats 11 is such that the upper slats 11 are closer to the ceiling 5 in the back B of the room. , The inclination angle (slat angle) β of each slat 11 is sequentially changed from the upper slat 11 to the lower slat 11 so that the lower slat 11 approaches the ceiling 5 near the window A. That is, the above-mentioned reflection mode is achieved by sequentially setting the slat angle β smaller as going from the upper slat 11 to the lower slat 11. By setting in this way, the reflected light H from the slat 11 does not directly hit the resident K, and natural light reaches the interior B of the room.

In this case, as shown in FIG. 2, the slat 11 is held at intervals in the vertical direction by a ladder (ladder string) 12, so that the ladder tape (the front side) on the front side in the slat width direction of the ladder 12 is provided. When the slat support pitch PA of the string) 12A is constant, the front ladder tape 12A
The slat angle β can be changed by sequentially changing the slat support position shift dimension dk of the rear ladder tape (rear string) 12B based on the slat support position based on the calculation. Alternatively, the slat support pitch PB of the rear ladder tape 12B is calculated by calculation.
k may be obtained, and the rear end of the slat 11 may be supported at the pitch PBk.

Next, how to set the inclination angle of the slat 11 will be described. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a relationship between incident light from the sun and light H reflected by the slat 11. here,
The profile angle of the sun ray is P (°), the slat angle is β (°), the distance from the window surface where the reflected light H reaches the ceiling surface is d, and the distance of the reflection slat from the ceiling surface is h. . However, the profile angle P is defined by the following equation from the sun altitude hs, the sun direction αs, and the window direction αw. tan (P) = tan (hs) / cos (αs-αw)

In order to find the relationship between P, β, d, and h,
Considering the principle of reflection in FIG. 4, since γ = P + 90 ° −β θ = γ + 90 ° −β, θ = 180 ° −2β + P (1) Becomes From FIG. 3, tan θ = h / d (2) From the expressions (1) and (2), tan (180 ° − 2β + P) = h / d (3)

When the values d, P, and h are determined and β is determined, the following expression is obtained from the equation (3): 180 ° −2β + P = tan ⁻¹ (h / d). Therefore, β = [180 ° + P-tan ⁻¹ (h / d)] / 2 (4)

The slat support pitch PBk of the rear ladder tape 12B is equal to the difference [dk−d (k−) between the slat support pitch PA of the front ladder tape 12A and the ladder tape.
1)], it can be obtained by the following equation. PBk = PA- [dk-d (k-1)] (5)

Therefore, if each slat 11 is supported on the basis of the slat support pitch PBk, a desired change in the slat angle β can be obtained. by the way,
As described in Japanese Patent Application No. 9-127659 filed by the present applicant, when the slat angle β is changed in this manner, the difference [dk-d (k-
1)] does not show much difference even if the solar altitude changes.
That is, since the slat support pitch PBk does not cause a great difference depending on the sun altitude, once the blind 10 on which the slat 11 is attached at this pitch is created, it is not necessary to change the slat interval even if the sun altitude changes. . Then, like the ordinary blind, if the angle of the entire slat 11 is changed by operating the ladder tape 12 like the ordinary blind, the reflected light H from the slat 11 does not directly hit the resident K, The state where natural light reaches the back B can be maintained.

As shown in FIG. 2, the blind 10 as described above is provided with a controller 15 for adjusting the inclination angle of the slat 11. This controller 1
Reference numeral 5 denotes a motor (drive mechanism) 16 for operating the ladder tape 12 to change the inclination angle of the slat 11, and a control device (control means) 1 for controlling the operation of the motor 16.
7, and can be switched between an automatic control mode by the control device 17 and a manual mode in which the inclination angle of the slat 11 can be manually adjusted.

The control device 17 has a built-in clock 18. Based on the date and time data output from the clock 18, a sun altitude calculation program, a lighting slat angle calculation program, The operation of the motor 16 is controlled by the light shielding slat angle calculation program.

Hereinafter, the control contents of the control device 17 will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

(Step S1) First, it is determined whether or not it is a control time based on the date and time data output from the clock 18. That is, in order to operate the blind 10 only during a time when a person is in the room, such as during working hours, it is determined whether the blind operating time is a preset blind operating time.

(Step S2) Next, if it is a control time, control is performed at predetermined time intervals, for example, every one minute.
It is determined whether it is a new control execution time.

(Step S3) Further, the blind 10
Is in the automatic control mode.

(Step S4) The above steps S1 to S
When condition 3 is satisfied, the calculation of the solar altitude is subsequently performed as follows.

Here, the position of the sun on the sky is generally expressed by the sun altitude hs and the sun azimuth αs. The sun altitude hs and the sun azimuth αs, latitude ψ, declination δ, hour angle From the triangle formula on the sphere, there is a relationship between ι and sin (hs) = sin (ψ) sin (δ) + cos (ψ) · cos (δ) · cos (ι) ·· (6). However, sun azimuth αs; true south is 0 °, west is positive, and east is negative. Latitude ψ; North latitude is positive. Declination δ: Indicates the sun altitude from the equatorial plane of the celestial sphere, with the north side of the celestial sphere taken as positive. Hour angle ι; meridian and hour circle (a great circle including the celestial north pole and the sun)
, The angle on the meridian is 0 °, and it is positive to the west.

By the way, it takes one day until the sun departs from the meridian and then intersects the meridian (this is called "true sun day").
At this time, the angle ι = 360 °. Since this true sun day varies every day throughout the year, one day of an average length throughout the year is used as the average sun day. And
The times determined from the true solar day and the average solar day are called true solar time τ and average solar time τm, respectively, and the difference is the equation of time ε
And the relationship is as follows: ε = τ−τm (7)

In each region, the average solar time of a specific land is used as the local standard time (in Japan, the average solar time of Akashi City, Hyogo Prefecture, 135 km east longitude is used nationwide as Japan Standard Time). There). And the longitude L
If the average solar time τm of the land of s is used as the standard time even in the land of longitude L, then the average solar time τm and the standard time T are: τm = T + (L−Ls) / 15 ... (8) holds. However, L and Ls are positive for east longitude and negative for west longitude.

From the above relationships (7) and (8), τ = T + (L−Ls) / 15 + ε (9) Furthermore, there is a relationship of ι = 15 (τ−12) (10) between the hour angle ι and the true solar time τ. Therefore, the following relationship holds: ι = 15 (T−12) + L−Ls + 15ε (11)

From the relations (6) to (11), a program for calculating the sun altitude hs corresponding to the data of the date and time is input, and the program is output from the clock 18 via the step S3 by this program. The sun altitude at the time is calculated from the data of the date and time. Table 1 shows the results (every hour) of calculating the solar altitude hs on a certain day in Tokyo, for example, based on the above relationships (6) to (11).

[0030]

[Table 1]

In the above step S4, the sun altitude hs is calculated based on the data of the date and time. Instead, for example, the date and time (for example, 1
The data of the solar altitude corresponding to each minute) may be created in advance and stored. In that case, the solar altitude data corresponding to the data of the date and time output from the clock 18 is output.

(Step S5) After the solar altitude is calculated in step S4, the lighting slat angle of the blind 10 (see FIG. 1; optimum inclination angle; reflected light H reflected on the slat 11) in step S5 and thereafter The angle of the slat 11 toward the ceiling 5 at the back of the room B toward the ceiling 5 of the room B as the slat 11 approaches, and the angle of the slat 11 toward the ceiling 5 at the window A as the lower slat 11 is calculated. At this time, a specific slat 11 (for example, The slats 11A) are targeted. The lighting slat angle β1 corresponding to the solar altitude hs calculated in step S4 can be obtained by substituting the calculated solar altitude hs for the profile angle P in the above equation (4). FIG. 6 shows an example of the result.

(Step S6) By the way, at the lighting slat angle β1 obtained in the above step S5, even if the resident K is not irradiated with the reflected light H from the slat 11, depending on the sun altitude, the resident K may be directly exposed. Light may pass through the gap between the slats 11 and directly enter the room. In this case, as shown in FIG. 7, it is necessary to set the angle of the slat 11 to an angle at which direct light does not directly enter (optimal inclination angle; this is referred to as “light-shielding slat angle”) β2. In other words, "shadow slat angle"
<In the case of “lighting slat angle” (arrow (a) in FIG. 6)
In the following step S7, it is necessary to set the angle of the slat 11 to the light shielding slat angle β2.

(Step S7) In such a case, s ・ tan (P) ・ cos (90 ゜ −β2) = PB holds in FIG.
k−PA · sin (90 ° −β2)... The light shielding slat angle β2 is obtained from the relationship (12).

(Step S8 and thereafter) After that, the data of the lighting slat angle β1 calculated in step S5 or the shading slat angle β2 calculated in step S7 is output to the controller 15 of the blind 10 (step S8).
8, S9), the operation of the motor 16 is controlled based on the data, and the slat 11 is adjusted to a predetermined slat angle (lighting slat angle β1 or shading slat angle β2) (step S10).

According to the blind 10 described above, the blind 10 changes the inclination angle of the slat 11 sequentially from the upper slat 11 to the lower slat 11, and the sunlight reflected on the slats 11, 11,. The lower slat 11 is directed toward the ceiling 5 near the window A, and the lower slat 11 is directed toward the ceiling 5 near the window A. Further, a motor 16 that changes the inclination angle of the slat 11
And a control device 17 for controlling the motor 16. The control device 17 controls the slat 1 based on the sun altitude.
1 is calculated, and the motor 1 is set so that the inclination angle of the slat 11 becomes the lighting slat angle β1.
6 is controlled. In this way, by controlling the angle of the slats 11 every moment according to the sun altitude, the optimum state, that is, the reflected light H from the blind 10 does not directly hit the resident K, and the reflected light Since H becomes the indirect light that illuminates the room after hitting the ceiling 5, it is possible to automatically maintain a state in which the room is not dazzled, and the room is uniformly illuminated with soft light from the window A to the back B of the room. As a result, it is possible to realize an automatically controlled blind 10 for the purpose of “lighting” instead of light shielding. In addition, since it is not necessary to use an expensive illuminance sensor outside the room, the blind 10 can be provided at low cost. In addition, by using the blind 10 in which the slat angle is changed, indoor glare (glare) does not always occur, and as a result, there is no need to provide an indoor light sensor for sensing glare in the room and control the price. By suppressing the rise, it is possible to achieve more excellent cost performance. Furthermore, with the above configuration, it can be completely separated from the lighting control, so that it is easy to respond during construction, repair, maintenance and the like, and regardless of the type of lighting control method, the blind can be controlled by any type of lighting. Can be installed in combination.

Furthermore, according to the blind 10 described above, the control device 17 adjusts the inclination angle of the slat 11 such that the sunlight reflected by the slat 11 moves toward the ceiling 5 in the interior B as the upper slat 11 moves, The configuration is such that the slat 11 is closer to the ceiling 5 near the window A and the light-shielding slat angle β2 is set so that sunlight does not directly enter the room. As a result, it is possible to realize the blind 10 having a function of combining daylighting and blocking direct light,
It is possible to create an even better indoor environment.

In the above embodiment, the blind 10 has been described with respect to the case where the slat support pitch PA of the front ladder tape 12A is fixed and the slat support pitch PBk of the rear ladder tape 12B is changed. Slat support pitch P of side ladder tape 12B
B (because it is not changed as described later, “k” in the code
Is set to a constant value smaller than the front slat support pitch PA (for example, when the slat width = 25 mm, the front slat support pitch PA = 21 mm, the rear slat support pitch PB = 20.7 mm). Even so, the slat inclination angle can be changed stepwise. However, in this case, it is necessary to find the optimum value of the rear slat support pitch PB according to the slat width and the front slat support pitch PA. Further, as for the configuration of the blind 10 itself, other than the above may be adopted.

The configuration of the control device 17 itself (hardware) and the control method (software) by the control device 17 are not intended to be limited to those described in the above embodiment.
If the gist of the present invention, that is, the blind is controlled by the solar altitude, it goes without saying that other items such as control conditions, calculation formulas, control priorities, control programs, and the like may be adopted.

Further, when a plurality of blinds 10 are controlled by one control device 17, the inclination angle of the slat calculated by the controller is output to each blind 10 and the motor 16 of each blind 10 is controlled. Good.

Other than the above, any configuration may be adopted as long as it does not depart from the gist of the present invention, and it is needless to say that the above-described configurations may be appropriately selectively combined. No.

[0042]

As described above, according to the blind according to the first aspect, the sunlight reflected by the slat is directed toward the ceiling at the back of the room as the upper slat is directed toward the ceiling near the window as the lower slat is directed. A drive mechanism for changing the inclination angle of the slats sequentially from the upper slat to the lower slat, and varying the inclination angle of the slat, and control means for controlling the drive mechanism. Then, the optimum tilt angle of the slat is calculated, and the drive mechanism is controlled so that the tilt angle of the slat becomes the optimum tilt angle. According to such a blind, the control means adjusts the inclination angle of the slat to an optimal angle by controlling the driving mechanism for adjusting the inclination angle of the slat in accordance with the sun altitude every moment. As a result, the optimal lighting state can always be automatically maintained. Thereby, blind control for the purpose of lighting can be realized. Further, since an expensive illuminance sensor is not used indoors or outdoors, an automatic control blind can be provided at very low cost. Furthermore, with the above configuration, it can be completely separated from the lighting control, so that it is easy to respond during construction, repair, maintenance and the like, and regardless of the type of lighting control method, the blind can be controlled by any type of lighting. Can be installed in combination.

According to the second aspect of the invention, in the control means, the optimal inclination angle is such that the sunlight reflected by the slats is directed toward the ceiling at the back of the room as the upper slat is directed, and toward the ceiling near the window as the lower slat is directed. The angle is set so that sunlight does not directly enter the room. This makes it possible to realize a blind having a function of both daylighting and blocking direct light, and to create a more excellent indoor environment.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view showing an example of a blind according to the present invention, and is a side view showing a schematic configuration of the blind.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged side view of a main part of the blind.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a relationship between incident light and reflected light in the blind.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between incident light and reflected light on each slat of the blind.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a control method in control means provided in the blind.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a relationship between a solar altitude calculated by the control means and an optimum inclination angle of a slat.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the angle of inclination of the slat and the incident light when direct light is blocked in the slat.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a conventional lighting method.

[Explanation of symbols]

 5 ceiling 10 blind 11 slat 16 motor (drive mechanism) 17 control device (control means) A window side B interior of room β1 lighting slat angle (optimal tilt angle) β2 shading slat angle (optimal tilt angle)

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Kazuhiko Fukuchi 1-3-2 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Corporation (72) Inventor Kenji Tamiya 1-3-2 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Corporation Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Yoshifumi Tai 1-3-2 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kazuto Nakamura 1-2-3 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Corporation (72) Inventor Naoko Oyama 1-3-2 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Corporation (72) Inventor Tatsuo Nobe 2-3-2 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Corporation (72 Inventor Michiya Suzuki 1-3-2 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo Shimizu Corporation

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A blind for adjusting lighting in a room by arranging a large number of slats extending in a horizontal direction at intervals in a vertical direction and attaching the slats to a window surface through which sunlight is radiated. The inclination angle of the slats is gradually changed from the upper slat to the lower slat so that the sunlight reflected on the slat is directed toward the ceiling at the back of the room as the upper slat is directed toward the ceiling near the window as the lower slat is directed. A drive mechanism for varying the tilt angle of the slat, and control means for controlling the drive mechanism, wherein the control means calculates an optimal tilt angle of the slat based on the sun altitude, and the drive mechanism The brass is characterized in that the drive mechanism is controlled so that the inclination angle of the slat is varied to achieve the optimal inclination angle. India. 2. The blind according to claim 1, wherein the control means adjusts the optimum inclination angle such that sunlight reflected by the slats is directed toward a ceiling in the interior of the room as the upper slats and closer to the window as the lower slats approach the window. Blinds characterized by being set at an angle that faces the ceiling and does not allow sunlight to enter the room directly.