JP2020135245A - Exterior design support device - Google Patents

Abstract

To automatically obtain a design candidate of an exterior that achieves appropriate light environment.SOLUTION: A design information output unit 16 of an exterior design support device 100 optimizes each variable of an evaluation function including: a variable representing an index relating to direct light to be injected into a space in a building provided with an exterior; a variable representing an index relating to indirect light to be injected into the space in the building or a variable representing an index relating to illuminance of the space in the building; and a variable representing an index relating to cost for creating an exterior to obtain a design candidate of the exterior and output the design candidate.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to an exterior design support device.

Conventionally, there is known a solar radiation shielding evaluation system capable of evaluating an effect such as a sunshade for shielding solar radiation incident on a building (for example, Patent Document 1).

In addition, it has an arithmetic processing means that comprehensively considers the degree of arrival of sunlight, obstacles that block light, and the degree of transmission and reflection at the openings for the amount of light that reaches each opening of the building from the outside. A program that simulates the brightness inside a building is known (for example, Patent Document 2).

Further, a control device for building equipment is known (for example, Patent Document 3). This control device holds equipment control information, which is information that associates future weather information with the control method of building equipment, and builds building equipment based on the acquired future weather information and the held equipment control information. Control.

Further, a solar heat gain calculation system is known (for example, Patent Document 4). This solar heat acquisition amount calculation system acquires the window area of each window and the solar heat acquisition rate of each window based on the design data of the building. Then, the solar heat acquisition amount calculation system calculates the solar heat acquisition amount for each window portion based on the acquired window area of each window portion and the solar heat acquisition rate.

Further, there are known optical environment design support devices that significantly reduce the amount of data used for designing the optical environment from the amount of BIM data data and reduce the processing load when simulating the optical environment (for example, patent documents). 5).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-30455 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2009-128952 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-145992 JP-A-2018-63531 Special Republication 2016-88335 Gazette

When designing an exterior with an opening, it is necessary to assume the light incident from the opening and consider the lighting, shading, ventilation, heat shielding, heat collection, transmission, and the cost of manufacturing the exterior in the building. There is.

In this case, the direct light directly shining into the space of the building causes a factor of raising the temperature in the space of the building, so it is preferable that the amount of the direct light is as small as possible. However, when the amount of direct light decreases, the illuminance in the space of the building cannot be maintained. On the other hand, indirect light is felt to be softer than direct light, and the temperature rise in the space is suppressed as compared with direct light. For this reason, when a large amount of indirect light shines into the space inside the building, an appropriate light environment is realized for the person in the space inside the building. Further, if an attempt is made to create an exterior for realizing such a light environment, the cost for creating the exterior becomes high.

Therefore, it is difficult to design the exterior in consideration of each of the above-mentioned matters.

The techniques of Patent Documents 1 to 5 calculate the illuminance and the like in a building by a computer. However, the techniques of Patent Documents 1 to 5 take into consideration the direct light shining into the space of the building, the indirect light shining into the space of the building or the illuminance in the space of the building, and the cost for creating the exterior. Therefore, it does not design the exterior that realizes an appropriate light environment.

In view of the above facts, an object of the present invention is to automatically obtain an exterior design candidate that realizes an appropriate light environment.

The exterior design support device according to the present invention is an exterior design support device that supports the design of an exterior having an opening, and is an index relating to direct light shining into a space in a building provided with the exterior and an indirect light shining into the space. Each variable of the evaluation function including the index related to light or the index related to the illuminance of the space and the index related to the cost for creating the exterior is optimized, the design candidate of the exterior is acquired, and the design candidate is output. It is an exterior design support device that includes a design information output unit. According to the exterior design support device according to the present invention, it is possible to automatically obtain exterior design candidates that realize an appropriate light environment.

The exterior of the present invention includes an endothelium representing an inner outer wall having an opening and an exodermis located outside the endothelium and representing an outer wall having an opening, and the design information output unit comprises. It is possible to acquire the design candidates of the exodermis and the endothelium as the exterior and output the design candidates. As a result, it is possible to automatically obtain design candidates for a double-structured exterior that realizes an appropriate light environment.

Further, in the design information output unit of the present invention, the amount of the direct light as an index related to the direct light is small, and the amount of the indirect light as an index related to the indirect light is large or the illuminance in the space. Designing the exterior by optimizing each variable of the evaluation function so that the illuminance of the space as an index of the above is high and the cost of creating the exterior as an index of the cost is low. Can be made to get candidates. This automatically obtains exterior design candidates such that the amount of direct light is reduced, the amount of indirect light is increased, the illuminance of the space is increased, and the cost for creating the exterior is reduced. be able to.

In addition, the design information output unit of the present invention can output the design candidate satisfying a predetermined condition from the plurality of design candidates. As a result, it is possible to automatically obtain exterior design candidates that satisfy preset conditions.

In addition, the design information output unit of the present invention has each of the evaluation function in which a predetermined weight is given to the index related to the direct light, the index related to the indirect light or the index related to the illuminance of the space, and the index related to the cost. The variable can be optimized and the design candidate can be output. As a result, exterior design candidates can be automatically obtained in consideration of high-priority indicators.

According to the present invention, it is possible to automatically obtain an exterior design candidate that realizes an appropriate light environment.

It is a block diagram which shows the exterior design support device which concerns on this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the exterior of the building of this embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the component of the exterior of this embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of the graph which shows the value of each index of the exterior design candidate. It is a flowchart which shows the content of the design support processing routine of the exterior design support device which concerns on this embodiment. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the processing flow of a design support processing routine. It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the exterior of a double structure.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[First Embodiment]

<Structure of exterior design support device of this embodiment>

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of the exterior design support device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Functionally, as shown in FIG. 1, the exterior design support device 100 can be represented by a configuration including a reception unit 10, a computer 12, and a display unit 20.

The exterior design support device 100 supports the design of an exterior having an opening. Specifically, the exterior design support device 100 automatically generates design candidates for the exterior of the building. The exterior of the building to be designed in this embodiment is, for example, the exterior X as shown in FIG. The exterior X has an opening, and light enters through the opening into the living space surrounded by the exterior X.

The exterior X of the present embodiment is composed of an aluminum shade S as shown in FIG. The shade S has a pattern as shown in FIG. 3, and includes an aluminum portion AL formed of aluminum and an opening O. Therefore, light shines into the building A through the opening O. Therefore, the amount of solar radiation that reaches the inside of the building is controlled by the shade S.

Glass (not shown) is installed in the opening O of the exterior X. The glass in the opening O may be provided with a light adjusting means such as a light control film. In this case, the degree of light transmittance changes according to the change in the transmittance of the light control film.

The aluminum portion AL of the exterior X may be composed of a single aluminum panel or a double aluminum panel. Specifically, the glass may be installed on top of a single aluminum panel, or the glass may be installed so as to be sandwiched between the double aluminum panels. When the aluminum panels of the exterior X are double, the shapes of the openings may be the same or different.

The exterior design support device of the present embodiment automatically generates design candidates for the exterior X by optimizing the position and shape of the opening O of the exterior X.

The reception unit 10 receives design condition information which is information on the condition of the exterior to be designed. The design condition information sets the size of the exterior and the like.

The computer 12 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a ROM (Read Only Memory) that stores programs for realizing each processing routine, a RAM (Random Access Memory) that temporarily stores data, and a memory as a storage means. , Network interface, etc. are included. Functionally, the computer 12 includes an information storage unit 14 and a design information output unit 16 as shown in FIG.

The information storage unit 14 stores the design condition information received by the reception unit 10.

The design information output unit 16 has an evaluation function including an index related to direct light shining into the space inside the building having an exterior, an index related to indirect light shining into the space inside the building, and an index related to the cost for creating the exterior. Optimize each variable. The design information output unit 16 optimizes each variable of the evaluation function in which a predetermined weight is given to the index related to direct light, the index related to indirect light, and the index related to cost. Then, the design information output unit 16 acquires an exterior design candidate such that the evaluation function has an optimum value, and outputs the design candidate.

Specifically, the design information output unit 16 relates to a decrease in the amount of direct light as an index related to direct light, a large amount of indirect light as an index related to indirect light, and a cost. Each variable of the evaluation function is optimized to obtain exterior design candidates so that the cost for creating the exterior as an index is reduced.

For example, the design information output unit 16 determines an exterior design candidate x'that maximizes the evaluation function f (x) as shown in the following equation (1). When the evaluation function f (x) is optimized, the opening pattern representing the position and shape of the opening O among the exterior design candidates changes. Then, a design candidate for the exterior having an opening pattern such that the value of the evaluation function f (x) becomes large is specified.

f (x) = α ・ A (x) ＋ β ・ B (x) ＋ γ ・ C (x) (1)

When optimizing the evaluation function f (x), for example, an existing optimization method can be used. In this embodiment, a case where a genetic algorithm, which is an example of an optimization method, is used will be described as an example.

A (x) in the above equation (1) is a function representing the amount of direct light, and the smaller the amount of direct light shining into the space inside the building, the larger the value. Further, B (x) is a function representing the amount of indirect light, and the larger the amount of indirect light shining into the space inside the building, the larger the value. Further, C (x) is a function representing the cost for creating the exterior, and the smaller the cost for creating the exterior, the larger the value. α, β, and γ are predetermined weighting coefficients for each index. Each value of α, β, and γ is preset by the user. By weighting each index, it is possible to automatically obtain exterior design candidates in consideration of the index having a high priority.

When optimizing the evaluation function f (x), a problem related to Pareto optimization may occur. The Pareto optimum in the present embodiment means, for example, a state in which the amount of direct light also increases when the amount of indirect light is increased. Alternatively, the Pareto optimum in the present embodiment means, for example, a state in which the cost for producing the exterior increases when the amount of indirect light is increased. In response to such a problem, in the present embodiment, it is possible to weight each index and set which index is prioritized to generate the exterior design candidate. Therefore, exterior design candidates can be automatically obtained in consideration of Pareto optimization.

As shown in FIG. 3, the exterior X of the present embodiment needs to have an opening O formed in the aluminum portion AL. In order to form this opening O, it is necessary to process the aluminum portion AL with a laser. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the short processing length of the aluminum portion by the laser is reflected in C (x). For example, a function C (x) is preset so that the value of C (x) becomes smaller as the processing length of the exterior design candidate x by the laser becomes longer.

When the design information output unit 16 maximizes the evaluation function f (x) using the genetic algorithm, a plurality of design candidates are generated in the process. FIG. 4 shows an explanatory diagram for explaining each of the design candidates at this time. Each axis of the graph shown in FIG. 4 represents less direct light, more indirect light, and less cost to create the exterior. One point in the three-dimensional graph shown in FIG. 4 represents one design candidate. Depending on the shape and size of the opening, the amount of direct light, the amount of indirect light, and the cost for making one design candidate are determined.

Then, the design information output unit 16 outputs a design candidate satisfying a predetermined condition from a plurality of design candidates. For example, the design information output unit 16 outputs design candidates whose cost for creating the exterior is less than or equal to the preset cost. As a result, for example, when a budget is set, design candidates that can be created within the budget are output.

Further, for example, the design information output unit 16 outputs a design candidate in which the amount of direct light is equal to or less than a preset value. As a result, for example, when the amount of direct light is predetermined as a design condition, a design candidate satisfying the design condition is output.

Similarly, for example, the design information output unit 16 outputs a design candidate in which the amount of indirect light is equal to or greater than a preset value. As a result, for example, when the amount of indirect light is predetermined as a design condition, a design candidate satisfying the design condition is output.

The design information output unit 16 may recommend a design candidate satisfying a predetermined condition to the designer among the exterior design candidates.

The display unit 20 displays the design candidates output by the design information output unit 16. The display unit 20 is realized by, for example, a display or the like. The designer who is a user confirms the design candidates displayed on the display unit 20, and selects, for example, a preferable design candidate from the design candidates. Then, the design candidate selected by the user becomes the exterior of the building to be constructed.

<Action of exterior design support device>

Next, the operation of the exterior design support device 100 will be described with reference to FIG. When the computer 12 of the exterior design support device 100 receives the design condition information by the reception unit 10, it stores it in the information storage unit 14. Then, when the computer 12 of the exterior design support device 100 receives the instruction signal for starting the design support process, the computer 12 executes the design support process routine shown in FIG.

<Design support processing routine>

In step S100, the design information output unit 16 acquires the design condition information stored in the information storage unit 14. Then, the design information output unit 16 sets the initial state of the exterior design candidate according to the design condition information. For example, the design information output unit 16 sets a virtual exterior design candidate as shown in FIG. 6A as an initial state.

In step S102, the design information output unit 16 uses a genetic algorithm to optimize each variable of the evaluation function as shown in the above equation (1), so that the position and shape of the opening of the exterior design candidate is optimized. Etc. are calculated. By the optimization processing of the evaluation function by the design information output unit 16, the amount of direct light is as small as possible, the amount of indirect light is as large as possible, and the cost for creating the exterior is as low as possible. Each is acquired.

For example, in the process of optimizing the evaluation function by the design information output unit 16, exterior design candidates as shown in FIG. 6B are virtually generated. As shown in FIG. 6B, the position and shape of each opening of the exterior changes from the initial state, and a design candidate having the position and shape of the opening such that the value of the evaluation function becomes large is available. Will be generated.

When calculating the amount of direct light and the amount of indirect light, the annual amount of solar radiation is taken into consideration as shown in FIG. 6C. T shown in FIG. 6C represents the locus of the sun during the year. As shown in FIG. 6C, the design information output unit 16 simulates the amount of solar radiation in the place where the building A to be constructed is planned to be constructed, and the amount of direct light per year that shines into the inside of the building A. And calculate the amount of indirect light. Then, the design information output unit 16 is an exterior in which the evaluation function of the above equation (1) is optimized based on the annual amount of direct light and indirect light shining into the interior of the building A obtained by simulation. Calculate design candidates for.

In step S104, the design information output unit 16 outputs a design candidate satisfying a predetermined condition from the plurality of design candidates obtained in step S102. For example, if the cost for creating the exterior is set in advance, the design information output unit 16 outputs a design candidate that is less than or equal to the cost.

As described in detail above, the exterior design support device of the first embodiment creates a variable representing an index related to direct light shining into the space inside the building, a variable representing an index related to indirect light shining into the space, and an exterior. Each variable of the evaluation function including the variable representing the index related to the cost is optimized, the design candidate of the exterior having the opening is acquired, and the design candidate is output. As a result, it is possible to automatically obtain exterior design candidates that realize an appropriate light environment. In addition, the exterior can be automatically obtained in consideration of the cost of creating the exterior. The appropriate light environment is, for example, an environment in which the amount of direct light shining into the building is as small as possible and the amount of indirect light in the building is as large as possible. In such an environment, the large amount of indirect light makes the user in the building feel that the environment inside the building is soft, and the temperature rise in the space is suppressed as compared with the case where the amount of direct light is large. ..

In addition, it is possible to shorten the examination of the exterior design, which has required a lot of time. Specifically, the final exterior design can be selected in a short time from the exterior design candidates obtained by the exterior design support device of the present embodiment.

Further, by using a genetic algorithm as an optimization method, design candidates corresponding to the evaluation function can be generated, and the optimum exterior design candidates can be proposed appropriately and efficiently.

[Second Embodiment]

Next, the second embodiment will be described. The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the exterior to be designed has a double structure. Since the configuration of the exterior design support device according to the second embodiment has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are given and the description thereof will be omitted.

The exterior of the design object in the second embodiment includes an endothelium representing an inner outer wall having an opening and an exodermis located outside the endothelium and representing an outer wall having an opening.

FIG. 7 shows an explanatory diagram for explaining the exterior of the design target in the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, the exterior of the design object in the second embodiment is configured to include the endothelium N and the exodermis G. Each of the endothelium N and the exodermis G in the second embodiment is composed of a shade S as shown in FIG.

When light shines into the building A through the opening O of the endothelium N and the exodermis G, the amount of solar radiation (light amount) reaching the living space in the building A is controlled by the shade S having a double structure of the endothelium N and the exodermis G. Will be done. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, an intermediate region M is formed between the exodermis G and the endothelium N. Direct light shines into the intermediate region M, becomes indirect light in the intermediate region M, and the amount of indirect light shining into the living space surrounded by the endothelial N increases. As a result, an appropriate light environment is realized in the living space.

In addition, for example, glass which is an example of a shield may be installed in a part of the opening O of the endothelium N and the exodermis G. Further, a light adjusting means such as a light control film may be attached to the glass of the opening O of the endothelium N and the outer skin G. In this case, the light adjusting means such as a light control film installed on the endothelium N and the outer skin G may be controlled.

A huge amount of trial and error is required when designing an exterior opening composed of such an endothelium N and an exodermis G. Therefore, in the second embodiment, for the exterior including the endothelium N and the exodermis G, design candidates for the exodermis and the endothelium as the exterior are obtained by optimizing the evaluation function shown in (1) above.

The design information output unit 16 of the second embodiment optimizes each variable of the evaluation function represented by the above equation (1), acquires design candidates for the exodermis and endothelium as the exterior, and outputs the design candidates. As a result, it is possible to automatically obtain design candidates for a double-structured exterior that realizes an appropriate light environment.

As described in detail above, the exterior design support device of the second embodiment has an endothelium representing an inner outer wall having an opening and an exodermis representing an outer wall located outside the endothelium and having an opening. For the exterior composed of inclusions, each variable of the evaluation function is optimized so that the amount of direct light is small, the amount of indirect light is large, and the cost for creating the exterior is low. To obtain exterior design candidates. As a result, it is possible to automatically obtain design candidates for a double-structured exterior that realizes an appropriate light environment.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications and applications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

For example, in the present embodiment, the case where the amount of indirect light is used as an index regarding the indirect light shining into the space in the building has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this. Instead of the index related to the indirect light shining into the space inside the building, the index related to the illuminance of the space inside the building may be used. In this case, for example, DLA (annual daylight illuminance probability) may be used as an index regarding the illuminance of the space in the building.

Further, in the above embodiment, the case where a genetic algorithm is used as an example of the optimization method has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, an optimization method different from the genetic algorithm may be used.

Further, in the above embodiment, for example, when a light adjusting means such as a light control film is installed in the opening, it is conceivable that the light adjusting means adjusts the light emitted into the building. In this case, for example, the light adjusting means automatically responds to the passage of time or changes in the weather, and the light shining into the building is adjusted so that the optimum light environment is always realized in the building. The following can be considered.

Designing an exterior used in this way requires a lot of trial and error, and it takes a lot of time to study. On the other hand, the exterior design support device of the present embodiment optimizes each variable of the evaluation function in consideration of each index, acquires an exterior design candidate having an opening, and outputs the design candidate. The designer, who is the user, can select the final exterior in a short time. For example, the amount of direct light and the amount of indirect light in the building can be calculated in consideration of dimming by the light adjusting means, and exterior design candidates can be automatically generated.

In addition, although the mode in which the program according to the present invention is stored (installed) in advance in the storage unit (not shown) has been described above, the program according to the present invention includes a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, a micro SD card, and the like. It is also possible to provide the form recorded on the recording medium of.

10 Reception unit 12 Computer 14 Information storage unit 16 Design information output unit 20 Display unit 100 Exterior design support device

Claims (5)

An exterior design support device that supports the design of exteriors with openings.
An evaluation function including an index related to direct light shining into a space in a building having the exterior, an index related to indirect light shining into the space or an index related to the illuminance of the space, and an index related to the cost for creating the exterior. An exterior design support device including a design information output unit that optimizes each variable of the above, acquires the exterior design candidate, and outputs the design candidate. The exterior is composed of an endothelium representing an inner outer wall having an opening and an exodermis located outside the endothelium and representing an outer wall having an opening.
The design information output unit acquires design candidates for the exodermis and the endothelium as the exterior, and outputs the design candidates.
The exterior design support device according to claim 1. The design information output unit is such that the amount of the direct light as an index related to the direct light is small and the amount of the indirect light is large as an index related to the indirect light or the amount of the indirect light is large as an index related to the illuminance of the space. Each variable of the evaluation function is optimized to obtain design candidates for the exterior so that the illuminance of the space is high and the cost for creating the exterior as an index related to the cost is low.
The exterior design support device according to claim 1 or 2. The design information output unit outputs the design candidate satisfying a predetermined condition from the plurality of design candidates.
The exterior design support device according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The design information output unit optimizes each variable of the evaluation function in which a predetermined weight is given to the index related to the direct light, the index related to the indirect light or the index related to the illuminance of the space, and the index related to the cost. , Output the design candidate,
The exterior design support device according to any one of claims 1 to 3.