JPH11188398A - Method and apparatus for treating hydrocarbonaceous waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a hydrocarbonaceous waste treatment method capable of dispensing with a compressor and capable of effectively utilizing the work obtained in an expansion turbine in the generation of electricity or the like. SOLUTION: A slurry 9' prepared by mixing water 8 and a metal oxide 12 with hydrocarbonaceous waste 7 is raised in pressure and temp. to be brought to a supercritical state and supercritical hydrooxidation reaction is performed by oxygen of metal oxide 12 to form a treated fluid 11 and a reduced metal 12' and, thereafter, the treated fluid 11 and the metal 12' are separated at a point of time when subcritical pressure is obtained under vacuum and the energy of the separated treated fluid 11 is utilized for pressurizing and heating the slurry 9' before the fluid 11 is recovered to be treated.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon-based waste.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, hydrocarbon waste such as sludge is
Since carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) are formed in a benzene ring or linear chain, the treatment of such hydrocarbon waste requires the decomposition of carbon and hydrogen by cutting the bond. It is necessary to use a harmless processing fluid such as carbon dioxide and water.

[0003] In order to break the bond between carbon and hydrogen in the hydrocarbon waste, water and heat are added to the hydrocarbon waste to cause reactions such as hydrolysis and thermal decomposition. In order to perform the process efficiently in a short time, the slurry obtained by adding water to the hydrocarbon waste is raised to a pressure higher than the critical pressure (supercritical pressure) and a high temperature above the critical temperature (supercritical temperature) It is effective to carry out a so-called supercritical hydroxylation reaction in which oxygen or air is added to oxidize the mixture while the temperature is raised.

FIG. 2 shows an example of a conventional hydrocarbon waste treatment apparatus, wherein 1 is a slurry tank, 2 is a slurry pump, 3 is a reactor, and 4 is provided coaxially with the slurry pump 2. The expansion turbine 5, a compressor 5 provided coaxially with the expansion turbine 4, a generator 6, which supplies hydrocarbon waste 7 and water 8 to the slurry tank 1, and supplies hydrocarbon waste 7 Of the slurry 9, and the slurry 9 is supercritical pressure (approximately 24 [MPa])
Pressure) and supercritical temperature (approximately 600 [° C])
To the reactor 3 and pressurized to the reactor 3, and oxygen or air 10 is supercritical pressure (approximately 2
4 [MPa], and the temperature is raised to a supercritical temperature (about 600 [° C.]). Processing fluid 1 such as carbon dioxide and water (steam) which breaks down the bond between carbon and hydrogen in hydrogen-based waste 7 and decomposes
1 and the generated processing fluid 11 in a supercritical state
Thus, the expansion turbine 4 is driven to rotate, the slurry turbine 2 and the compressor 5 are driven to rotate by the expansion turbine 4, and the generator 6 is further driven to rotate.

[0005] The processing fluid 11 after the expansion turbine 4 is rotationally driven is recovered and processed.

[0006]

However, as described above, if the pressure of oxygen or air 10 is increased to a supercritical pressure by the compressor 5 and the oxygen or air 10 is heated to the supercritical temperature and fed to the reactor 3 by pressure, the compressor 5 is There is a drawback that the power for rotating and driving is large, the work obtained by the expansion turbine 4 is almost consumed, and the power generation by the power generator 6 can hardly be performed.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object to provide a method and an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon-based waste in which a compressor is not required and work obtained by an expansion turbine can be effectively used for power generation and the like. Things.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a supercritical water-soluble slurry in which water and a metal oxide are mixed in a hydrocarbon waste to a supercritical state, and the temperature of the slurry is raised to a supercritical state. After producing the processing fluid and reduced metal,
The present invention relates to a method for treating a hydrocarbon-based waste, wherein the treatment fluid and the metal are separated when the pressure is reduced to a subcritical pressure.

Further, the present invention provides a slurry tank for producing a slurry in which water and a metal oxide are mixed with a hydrocarbon waste, and a slurry produced in the slurry tank is pressure-fed to a supercritical state and pressure-fed. And a reactor that is supplied with a slurry whose pressure has been raised to a supercritical state by the operation of the slurry pump and generates a processing fluid and reduced metal by a supercritical hydroxylation reaction of metal oxide with oxygen. And a decompressor for reducing the processing fluid and the metal generated by the supercritical water oxidation reaction in the reactor to a subcritical pressure, and separating the processing fluid and the metal reduced in pressure to a subcritical pressure in the depressurizer The present invention relates to an apparatus for treating hydrocarbon-based waste, comprising: a separator; and an expansion turbine driven by the processing fluid separated by the separator and driving the slurry pump. That.

According to the above means, the following effects can be obtained.

In the method for treating hydrocarbon-based waste according to the present invention, a slurry in which water and a metal oxide are mixed with the hydrocarbon-based waste is pressurized and heated to a supercritical state, and the slurry is supercritically treated with oxygen of the metal oxide. After the hydroxylation reaction is performed and the processing fluid and the reduced metal are generated, the processing fluid and the metal are separated when the pressure is reduced to a subcritical pressure, and the separated processing fluid is After the energy is used for the pressurized heating of the slurry, it is collected and processed.

In the hydrocarbon waste treatment apparatus of the present invention, when the hydrocarbon waste, water and metal oxide are supplied to the slurry tank, a slurry is generated, and the slurry is generated in the slurry tank. The resulting slurry is pressurized to a supercritical pressure by a slurry pump and heated to a supercritical temperature and sent to a reactor, where a supercritical hydroxylation reaction is performed by oxygen of a metal oxide, and a hydrocarbon is produced. A harmless or extremely harmless processing fluid and reduced metal are generated by breaking the bond between carbon and hydrogen in the system waste, and a processing fluid generated by a supercritical hydroxylation reaction in the reactor. After the metal is decompressed to a subcritical pressure in a pressure reducer, the metal is separated in a separator, and the processing fluid separated in the separator is introduced into an expansion turbine and driven by the expansion turbine. After being recovered are processed, also,
The slurry pump is driven by the expansion turbine.

As a result, in the method and apparatus for treating hydrocarbon-based waste according to the present invention, the pressure of oxygen or air is increased to a supercritical pressure by a compressor and the temperature is increased to a supercritical temperature as in the prior art, and the oxygen or air is fed to the reactor. Eliminates the need for pumping, the power used to drive the compressor to rotate,
It can be used for power generation by a generator, etc., and the efficiency becomes very good.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an example of an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, parts denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 2 represent the same items. Water 8 and a metal oxide 12 (eg, Fe ₂ O ₃ ) are mixed to form a slurry 9 ′. MPa] and supercritical temperature (approximately 600 [° C.]) and pressure-feed to the reactor 3, where a supercritical hydroxylation reaction is performed by the oxygen of the metal oxide 12 in the reactor 3. This causes the carbon-hydrogen waste 7 to break the bond between carbon and hydrogen and decompose to produce a processing fluid 11 such as carbon dioxide and water (steam) and a reduced metal 12 ′. Raw by supercritical water oxidation reaction It has been processed fluid 11 and the metal 12 '
And the subcritical pressure (about 17 [MP
a)), and the processing fluid 11 and the metal 12 ′ whose pressure has been reduced to a subcritical pressure in the pressure reducer 13 are separated in a separator 14 using specific gravity separation or the like.
The expansion turbine 4 is driven to rotate by the processing fluid 11 separated at 4, and the slurry pump 2 is
And the generator 6 are configured to be rotationally driven.

Incidentally, water (steam) of the processing fluid 11 separated by the separator 14 becomes saturated steam, and if the saturated steam is sent to the expansion turbine 4 as it is, erosion may occur. Is configured to superheat the processing fluid 11 separated by the separator 14 in the superheater 15 using the heat medium obtained by the decompressor 13 or the like, and to guide saturated steam to the expansion turbine 4 as superheated steam. In a case where there is no possibility that erosion will occur even if the saturated steam is directly sent to the expansion turbine 4, the superheater 15 is not necessarily provided.

The metal 1 separated by the separator 14
2 ′ is brought into contact with air using a fluidized bed or the like (not shown) to be reused as the metal oxide 12.

Next, the operation of the illustrated example will be described.

When hydrocarbon waste 7, water 8, and metal oxide 12 (eg, Fe ₂ O ₃ ) are supplied to the slurry tank 1, a slurry 9 'is generated and is generated in the slurry tank 1. The slurry 9 ′ is pressurized to a supercritical pressure (about 24 [MPa]) by the slurry pump 2 and raised to a supercritical temperature (about 600 [° C.]), and the reactor 3
And a supercritical hydroxylation reaction is carried out by the oxygen of the metal oxide 12 in the reactor 3.

When a supercritical hydroxylation reaction is carried out by the oxygen of the metal oxide 12 in the reactor 3, carbon and hydrogen in the hydrocarbon waste 7 are disconnected and decomposed to produce carbon dioxide and water (steam). Etc. and a reduced metal 12 ′ are generated, and the processing fluid 11 and the metal 1 generated by the supercritical hydroxylation reaction in the reactor 3.
2 ′ is a subcritical pressure (about 17 [M
After the pressure is reduced to about [Pa]), it is separated in the separator 14.

The processing fluid 11 separated by the separator 14 is superheated in the superheater 15 and then introduced into the expansion turbine 4. After rotating the expansion turbine 4, the processing fluid 11 is recovered and processed. The slurry pump 2 and the generator 6 are rotationally driven by the expansion turbine 4.

The metal 1 separated by the separator 14
2 ′ is made into the metal oxide 12 again by being brought into contact with air using a fluidized bed or the like (not shown) and is reused.

As a result, oxygen or air 10
Need not be increased to a supercritical pressure by the compressor 5 and raised to a supercritical temperature and sent to the reactor 3 by pressure.
The power used to rotationally drive the compressor 5 can be used for power generation by the generator 6, and the efficiency is greatly improved.

In this way, the compressor 5 can be dispensed with,
The work obtained by the expansion turbine 4 can be effectively used for power generation by the generator 6 and the like.

It should be noted that the method and apparatus for treating hydrocarbon-based waste of the present invention are not limited to the above-described illustrated examples, and that various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Of course.

[0026]

As described above, according to the method and apparatus for treating hydrocarbon-based waste of the present invention, a compressor can be dispensed with and the work obtained by an expansion turbine can be effectively used for power generation and the like. This can provide an excellent effect.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic configuration diagram of an example of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an overall schematic configuration diagram of a conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Slurry tank 2 Slurry pump 3 Reactor 4 Expansion turbine 7 Hydrocarbon waste 8 Water 9 'Slurry 11 Processing fluid 12 Metal oxide 12' Metal 13 Pressure reducer 14 Separator

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A slurry in which water and a metal oxide are mixed in a hydrocarbon-based waste is pressurized and heated to a supercritical state, and a supercritical hydroxylation reaction is caused by oxygen of the metal oxide to be reduced to a processing fluid. A method for treating a hydrocarbon-based waste, comprising reducing the pressure of the processing fluid and the metal to a subcritical pressure after the metal has been produced. 2. A slurry tank for producing a slurry in which water and a metal oxide are mixed with a hydrocarbon-based waste, and a slurry pump for pressurizing and raising the temperature of the slurry produced in the slurry tank to a supercritical state. A reactor which is supplied with a slurry whose temperature has been raised to a supercritical state by the operation of the slurry pump and generates a processing fluid and a reduced metal by a supercritical hydroxylation reaction of metal oxide with oxygen; A decompressor for reducing the processing fluid and the metal generated by the supercritical water oxidation reaction to a subcritical pressure in the reactor; a separator for separating the processing fluid and the metal reduced in pressure to a subcritical pressure in the depressurizer; An expansion turbine driven by the processing fluid separated by the separator and driving the slurry pump.