JPH11168987A - Growth of seedling - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for growing seedlings by which additional fertilization after transplanting the seedlings to a regular rice paddy is reduced while guaranteeing excellent plant-growing aptitude and good seedling-growing operability, and the efficiency of the operations from seedling growing until harvesting is improved. SOLUTION: A reinforcing sheet 1 which is a hydrophilization-treatment sheet comprising 50-90 wt.% of not treated and substantially not fibrilated cellulose fiber and has 0.8-5 mm of thickness, 0.1-0.5 g/cm<3> of density, 0.2-1.0 kg/15 mm-width of wet tensile strength and 0.02-0.1 km of wet breaking length is formed, laid on a seedling-growing box, and allowed to include a manure 3 in an amount at least required in the seedling-growing period and required after transplanting the seedlings to a regular rice paddy until harvesting, and seeds are seeded thereon in the method for growing the seedlings.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method for raising seedlings,
More specifically, it is possible to omit or reduce the topdressing work after transplanting to Honda while securing excellent plant growing suitability and good seedling raising workability, and to streamline a series of work from seedling raising to harvesting. The present invention relates to a rational and efficient method for raising seedlings.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art At present, a method of raising rice seedlings is to put cultivated soil as floor soil in a nursery box, irrigate and sow, cover, germinate, green, and transplant the rice seedlings to a rice seedling at the seedling stage. This is a general method, but partly to reduce the amount of fertilizer required during the seedling raising period during seedling raising, as well as to reduce the amount of fertilizer required during the seedling raising period, in order to reduce the topdressing work after the transplantation of Honda. A method of mixing all or most of the fertilizer using a slow-release fertilizer has been used. In the following, not only the amount of fertilizer required during the seedling raising period during such seedling raising, but also the method of blending all or most of the fertilizer amount required from the transplantation to the harvest of Honda is referred to as a seedling box large amount It is sometimes called the fertilizing seedling method.

[0003]

However, in the method of applying a large amount of fertilizer to a nursery box, the amount of fertilizer to be added to the nursery box is large, so that the net cultivated soil that can be incorporated is small, and the rooting becomes insufficient. And the mat formation is likely to deteriorate. When the mat formation is poor, the mat is distorted or broken when the mat is taken out of the nursery box and mounted on the rice transplanter, making the work difficult. Due to these problems, the spread rate of the nursery box mass fertilizing seedling method is still very low, and it is currently implemented only in very limited areas. Therefore, there has been a strong demand for the emergence of a seedling raising method that can solve problems such as failure to attach to a rice transplanter due to poor mat formation in the seedling box mass fertilizing method.

[0004] The inventor of the present invention examined whether the above problem could be solved by laying down some kind of reinforcing sheet when carrying out the method of applying a large amount of seedling raising fertilizing seedlings. As what is likely to be a reference as a reinforcing sheet for this purpose,
In recent years, various synthetic medium mats based on cellulose or inorganic fiber have been developed, and such synthetic medium mats are manufactured by a dry method using a small amount of a binder in order to improve root penetration and prevent rooting. Most of them have a low density and a remarkably weak strength, and there is no one that can sufficiently exhibit the function of reinforcing the mat.

[0005] On the other hand, in the case of the wet paper-making method, the bonding between fibers is generally strong and it is difficult to obtain a mat through which the roots can penetrate. It has been proposed that the resin can be uniformly scattered in the interstices of the fibers, and that the superabsorbent resin absorbs and swells at the time of water absorption to break or loosen the inter-fiber bonds, thereby ensuring root penetration suitability.

However, papermaking using a raw slurry containing a superabsorbent resin in a state of water absorption and expansion may cause problems in the manufacturing process such that the superabsorbent resin in a water absorption state is easily attached to a papermaking net. At the same time, the sheet at the time of water absorption becomes extremely weak, and in some cases, the mat reinforcing power may be insufficient. As described above, at present, there is no sheet that can be used as a reinforcing sheet that meets the purpose or a sheet that suggests such a sheet.

Therefore, the present inventor has studied carefully to obtain a reinforcing sheet that is effective for preventing troubles in mounting on a rice transplanter due to poor mat formation in the seedling box mass application fertilizing seedling method. How to weaken the fiber-to-fiber bond as much as possible so that the root can penetrate, while taking advantage of the advantage of wet papermaking with cellulosic fiber that can form a sheet by the bonding force between fibers (hydrogen bond) without using a binder From the viewpoint of goodness, the study of cellulosic fibers not subjected to chemical treatment and substantially not fibrillated was advanced.

[0008] Such cellulosic fibers have little or no inter-fiber bonding power, but have very low inter-fiber bonding power, and therefore have poor paper-making properties and cannot usually be formed by themselves. It is not applied to papermaking until after a certain degree of inter-fiber bonding force has been imparted by subjecting it to degrading or beating by processing.

However, the present inventor has dared to study a technique for making a paper by using a material unsuitable for such a papermaking in the same form as possible, and as a result, has not received any chemical treatment. Form a sheet containing a high content of substantially non-fibrillated cellulosic fibers,
By setting the thickness and density to a predetermined range, further performing a hydrophilization treatment, and setting the wet tensile strength and the wet breaking length under a predetermined wet condition to a specific range, the seedling box was used as an underlay for a large-scale fertilization seedling method. In such a case, the contradictory functions of root penetration and mat reinforcement can be achieved at the same time.In other words, if the seedlings are grown in such a manner, the root penetration is good, and at the same time, when attached to a rice transplanter, the rooting is small. The present invention has been completed by ascertaining that work can be performed without any trouble by the reinforcing effect of the underlay sheet even if mat formation is poor.

[0010] An object of the present invention is to eliminate or reduce the topdressing work after transplanting to Honda while securing excellent plant growing suitability and good seedling raising workability, and to improve the efficiency of a series of work from seedling raising to harvesting. It is an object of the present invention to provide a reasonable and efficient method of raising seedlings.

[0011]

The seedling raising method of the present invention is a hydrophilized sheet containing 50 to 90% by weight of a cellulose fiber which has not been subjected to a chemical treatment and is not substantially fibrillated. The thickness of the sheet is 0.8 to 5
mm, the density is 0.1 to 0.5 g / cm ³ , and 2
Wet tensile strength (measured based on JIS P-8113) and wet tearing obtained by measuring the fiber orientation direction of the sheet after immersion in distilled water at 0 ° C. for 5 minutes and the direction perpendicular to the fiber orientation and obtaining the average of both directions. Each of the lengths (measured based on JIS P-8113) has a wet tensile strength of 0.2 to 1.0 k.
g / 15 mm width and the wet breaking length is 0.02-0.1 k
m, a reinforcing sheet consisting of m is laid on a nursery box, and on the reinforcing sheet, at least an amount of fertilizer necessary for the seedling raising period and an amount of fertilizer necessary for transplantation to Honda and before harvesting. All or most of the fertilizer is supplied and then seeded to grow seedlings.

[0012] In the method for raising seedlings according to claim 1,
On the reinforcing sheet, in order to supply all or most of the fertilizer in the amount required during the seedling raising period and the amount of fertilizer necessary for transplantation from the plant to the harvest, supply it together with the cultivation soil or the synthetic medium You may do so. Further, in the method for raising seedlings according to the first aspect, the seedlings after sowing may be transplanted to the Honda at the stage of seedling or seedling.

[0013] The seedling raising method of the present invention is a hydrophilized sheet containing 50 to 90% by weight of a cellulose fiber which has not been subjected to a chemical treatment and is not substantially fibrillated. Is 0.8 to 5 mm and the density is 0.
1 to 0.5 g / cm ³ and 5
Wet tensile strength (measured based on JIS P-8113) and wet tear length (measured based on JIS P-8113) obtained by measuring the fiber orientation direction of the sheet after immersion for one minute and the direction perpendicular to the fiber orientation direction and calculating the average of both. In each case, a reinforcing sheet having a wet tensile strength of 0.2 to 1.0 kg / 15 mm width and a wet breaking length of 0.02 to 0.1 km was prepared, and the reinforcing sheet was placed in a nursery box. On the reinforcing sheet, together with the cultivation soil or the synthetic medium, not only the amount of fertilizer required during the seedling raising period, but also all or most of the amount of fertilizer required after transplanting to Honda until harvesting. And then, after irrigation, sown, covered with soil, emerged, greened, and transplanted to Honda at the stage of nursery or seedling.

The reinforcing sheet used in the method for raising seedlings of the present invention comprises:
It must contain 50-90%, preferably 60-80%, by weight of cellulosic fibers that have not been subjected to a chemical treatment and are not substantially fibrillated. If the content is less than 50% by weight, the penetration of roots is hindered, and the roots are apt to rise. Conversely, if it exceeds 90% by weight,
The sheetability is deteriorated, and the strength of the obtained sheet is too weak to obtain a sufficient mat reinforcing effect. Cellulose fibers that have not been subjected to chemical treatment and are not substantially fibrillated include various wood fibers such as wood pulverized materials and wood fiberized materials, and wood pulp that has not been subjected to chemical treatment such as mechanical pulp. Can be used.

Further, in the reinforcing sheet used in the method for raising seedlings of the present invention, in order to obtain a predetermined sheet strength, the reinforcing sheet other than the cellulosic fibers which have not been subjected to the above-mentioned chemical treatment and are not substantially fibrillated. It is desirable to use cellulosic fibers in combination. As such a cellulosic fiber, one or two or more selected from coniferous or hardwood chemical pulp, wood pulp such as semi-chemical pulp, various kinds of waste paper, bagasse, straw, linter and the like are used. be able to. The content of the cellulosic fiber in the seedling raising sheet according to the present invention is preferably 5 to 40% by weight. If the content is less than 5% by weight, a predetermined sheet strength may not be obtained. On the other hand, when the content exceeds 40% by weight, the sheet strength becomes too strong, and the penetration of the root may be impaired, and the root may be raised.

[0016] The thickness of the reinforcing sheet used in the seedling raising method of the present invention must be 0.8 to 5 mm, preferably 1.5 to 3 mm. If the thickness is less than 0.8 mm, the strength is insufficient and a sufficient mat reinforcing effect cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if it exceeds 5 mm, the penetration of the root will be hindered and the root will easily rise. The density of the reinforcing sheet used in the seedling raising method of the present invention must be 0.1 to 0.5 g / cm ³ , preferably 0.15 to 0.4 g / cm ³ . If the density is less than 0.1 g / cm ³ , the sheet strength is too weak to obtain a sufficient mat reinforcing effect. On the contrary, 0.5g / c
If it exceeds m ³ , the penetration of the root will be worsened and the root will be more likely to rise.

The reinforcing sheet used in the seedling raising method of the present invention must be subjected to a hydrophilic treatment. Since the reinforcing sheet has not been subjected to a chemical treatment and contains a high content of cellulosic fibers that are not substantially fibrillated, it is necessary to secure the necessary water absorption as a reinforcing sheet unless a hydrophilic treatment is performed. Can not. Hydrophilic treatment is not particularly limited, sulfonic acid type, carboxylic acid type, phosphate ester type, sulfate ester type, various surfactants such as quaternary ammonium salt type or higher alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, A hydrophilicity-imparting agent such as a silicon-based hydrophilizing agent or a PVA-based hydrophilizing agent may be internally added, impregnated, or applied. The amount of the hydrophilicity-imparting agent is not particularly limited, but it is important that the amount is such that the wet tensile strength and wet tear length of the sheet fall within the range specified in the present invention. There is a need.

The reinforcing sheet used in the seedling raising method of the present invention is 2
After immersion in distilled water at 0 ° C for 5 minutes, JIS P-8
The wet tensile strength measured on the basis of No. 113 is 0.2 to 1.0 kg / 15 on average in the direction perpendicular to the fiber orientation direction.
mm width, preferably 0.3-0.7 kg / 15 mm width. Further, the wet breaking length obtained from the wet tensile strength is 0.02 to 0.1 km, preferably 0.03 to 0.1 km.
It must be ~ 0.07 km. When the above-mentioned wet tensile strength is less than 0.2 kg / 15 mm width or the above-mentioned wet tear length is less than 0.02 km, a sufficient mat reinforcing effect cannot be obtained, and when the mat is taken up when there is little rooting. It is easy to cause troubles such as breakage of the reinforcing sheet. Conversely, the above-mentioned wet tensile strength is 1.0 kg / 15 m
m width or the wet breaking length described above is 0.1 k
If it exceeds m, the bite of the root will be deteriorated, and the root will easily be raised.

The reinforcing sheet used in the seedling raising method of the present invention comprises:
As described above, the cellulosic fiber which has not been subjected to the chemical treatment and is not substantially fibrillated is highly contained, subjected to a hydrophilic treatment, and has a thickness, a density, a wet tensile strength and a wet breaking length. By setting each to a predetermined range, it has both root suitability and mat reinforcing power, but mixes inorganic fillers such as clay and talc or rock wool fibers, glass fibers, and inorganic fibers such as ceramic fibers. Thereby, the inter-fiber bond can be further weakened and the penetration of the root can be improved.

If necessary, binders such as various synthetic resin latexes may be blended.
It is natural that the amount of addition should be kept very small so as not to hinder the penetration of roots. Furthermore, if necessary, ammonium fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, salt salt, urea, or potassium fertilizers such as potassium sulfate, potassium chloride or lime superphosphate, phosphate-based fertilizers such as phosphorus phosphate, or the like, A pH adjuster such as sulfuric acid, citric acid, humic acid, nitrohumic acid, peat moss and the like and a fungicide may be added. In addition, when compounding a fertilizer by internal addition in wet papermaking, it is more effective to use a powdery slow-release fertilizer that is hardly soluble in water.

In order to produce the reinforcing sheet used in the seedling raising method of the present invention, dry molding may be used, but wet papermaking is more preferred. In the case of dry molding, in order to obtain a sheet strength sufficient to exhibit a sufficient mat reinforcing effect, it is indispensable to mix appropriate amounts of binders such as various types of synthetic resin latex, etc. Can be quite difficult to balance. On the other hand, in the case of wet papermaking, even if not necessarily using the above-mentioned binders, it is sufficient to exhibit a sufficient mat reinforcing effect by inter-fiber bonding by hydrogen bonding between cellulosic fibers formed in the papermaking process. Since sheet strength can be obtained, it is possible to achieve both root penetration suitability and mat reinforcing strength.

Here, the case where the reinforcing sheet used in the seedling raising method of the present invention is produced by wet papermaking will be further described. That is, in order to produce the seedling raising sheet of the present invention by wet papermaking, a raw material slurry containing a predetermined amount of a cellulosic fiber that has not been subjected to a chemical treatment and that has not been substantially fibrillated is prepared. What is necessary is just to make a paper by the papermaking method. Then, the above-mentioned various hydrophilicity-imparting agents may be internally added to the raw material slurry, or a sheet may be formed and then impregnated or applied to perform a hydrophilic treatment.

[0023] If necessary, a beating treatment may be performed, but the cellulosic fibers which have not been subjected to the chemical treatment in the raw material slurry and which are not substantially fibrillated are maintained in such a state. It is necessary to maintain a state in which the inter-bonding force is hardly developed. Therefore, beating is performed under very weak conditions in which fibrillation does not substantially occur, or the cellulose fiber that has not been subjected to chemical treatment and is not substantially fibrillated is treated as another route. Devices such as use without beating are required. Regarding papermaking, the raw material slurry may be supplied onto a papermaking net such as an ordinary long net, circular net or inclined net, filtered, dewatered, and then pressed and dried. If necessary, two or more paper layers may be superposed by various combination nets, multi-tank nets or various laminators. In addition, it is easier to obtain a suitable reinforcing sheet for the seedling raising method of the present invention by making the pressing conditions as weak as possible and making the paper layer as bulky as possible.

Next, the soil or fertilizer used in the seedling raising method of the present invention will be described. As the cultivation soil, a commercially available soil-based material or a cultivation material used in ordinary seedlings such as a cultivation material prepared by mixing a fertilizer into sterilized soil and adjusting the pH by a farmer on its own can be used. . Cultivation can be used as needed. In addition, a synthetic medium can be used in place of the soil. As a fertilizer, a fast-acting fertilizer that produces an effect during the seedling raising period and a slow-acting fertilizer that produces an effect after the transplantation of Honda are used in combination. The operation of the fast-acting fertilizer may be in accordance with the conventional method of raising seedlings or seedlings. That is, if necessary, ammonium sulfate,
If a certain amount of nitrogen-based fertilizer such as salt and urea, or potassium-based fertilizer such as potassium sulfate and potassium chloride, or phosphate-based fertilizer such as lime superphosphate, and phosphorus-phosphate, etc. can be blended into the cultivation soil or reinforcing sheet. Good.

Examples of the slow-release fertilizer include nitrogen fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, salt ammonium, ammonium nitrate, urea, and calcium nitrate; potassium fertilizers such as potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, and potassium nitrate; A coated slow-release fertilizer in which a granular material composed of one or more fertilizers selected from the group of phosphoric acid fertilizers such as phosphorus phosphate, calcium phosphate, etc. is coated with a coating film and the component elution rate is physically controlled. Or a mixture thereof, or one or two selected from the group consisting of isobutylaldehyde-treated urea fertilizer, acetaldehyde-processed urea fertilizer, formaldehyde-processed urea fertilizer, guanylurea sulfate, oxamide, and the like, and particulates of chemically synthesized slow-release fertilizers. It is possible to use more than one kind of fertilizer, or a fertilizer coated with these or a mixture of these fertilizers. In particular, a sigmoid-type coated slow-release fertilizer is suitable for the method of applying a large amount of a nitrogen-based fertilizer seedling raising box.

The amount of fertilizer varies depending on the type of fertilizer. For example, in the case of a large amount of fertilizer in a nursery box of a nitrogen-based fertilizer, the nitrogen content is about 200 to 240 g per nursery box, that is, a general nitrogen content of about 40% by weight. A sigmoid-type coated slow-release fertilizer weighs about 500-600 g per nursery box. However, it is natural that the fertilization rate can be adjusted depending on the degree of omission or reduction of the top dressing work after Honda transplantation.

The method of fertilizing a nursery box with a slow-release fertilizer that exhibits an effect after transplanting Honda in the seedling raising method of the present invention includes a method of fertilizing the soil after mixing the soil with the slow-release fertilizer, and a method of fertilizing the soil with the slow-effect fertilizer. Any method of applying fertilizer in layers may be used, but layered fertilization requires only one step of fertilizer application in a series of steps for preparing seedlings, and requires more labor to mix with soil. It is more effective because there is no. In the case of layered fertilization, seeds are sown so as to be in contact with the slow-release fertilizer described above, so that the roots can easily catch the slow-release fertilizer. And the slow-release fertilizer brought in will be located near the root, so that the fertilizer application efficiency will be further improved.

It is desirable that irrigation be given sufficiently (about 1 liter per seedling box) so that the underlying seedling sheet is sufficiently moistened. Seeding amount per seedling box, 160 for seedling raising seedlings
-180 g (dry paddy), 200-250 g for dairy seedlings
(Dry paddy). Covering, sprouting, and greening may be performed according to a conventional method, and transplantation to Honda can be performed in a nursery period of 5 to 7 days in the case of nursery seedlings, and in a nursery period of about 3 weeks in the case of seedlings. Transplantation to Honda may be performed in accordance with a standard method.

[0029]

The feature of the seedling raising method of the present invention is that the use of a reinforcing sheet which has the functions of root penetration and mat reinforcement when a rice transplanter has been difficult to achieve at the same time was used.
The problem is that the problem of mat formation failure in the nursery box mass fertilization seedling method and the troubles when mounting it on a rice transplanter can be solved. Although the details of the root-penetration suitability and the mechanism of developing the mat reinforcing force of the reinforcing sheet used in the seedling raising method of the present invention are not yet known, the following is a description of the contents considered by the present inventors.

First, expression of root penetration suitability will be considered. The reinforcing sheet used in the seedling raising method of the present invention has not been subjected to a chemical treatment and contains a high content of cellulosic fibers that are not substantially fibrillated. Pretty weak. In addition, the reinforcing sheet used in the seedling raising method of the present invention has a density of 0.1 to
It is very bulky at 0.5 g / cm ³ and has been subjected to a hydrophilic treatment. Therefore, the seedling box is laid with the reinforcing sheet according to the present invention, and not only the amount of fertilizer required during the seedling period but also all or most of the amount of fertilizer required from the transplantation to harvesting on the reinforcing sheet. If the irrigated water is sufficiently irrigated after the cultivated soil adjusted to contain the water, the irrigated water is absorbed by the reinforcing sheet as soon as it reaches the reinforcing sheet after passing through the cultivated soil. As a result, the reinforcing sheet becomes sufficiently wet, retains water, and its strength is further reduced.

The wet breaking length of the reinforcing sheet used in the seedling raising method of the present invention is 0.02 to 0.1 km, which is a few minutes more than the weakest level of a sheet made of ordinary wood pulp. The strength is extremely weak, about 1 to 1/10 of the above. Thus, the strength is extremely reduced when wet. That is, since the fiber-to-fiber bond becomes extremely weak, the roots that have advanced through the layer consisting of
The fiber-to-fiber bond in the reinforcing sheet used for the seedling raising method of the present invention having a thickness of 5 mm can be pressed and pierced to penetrate.

Next, the development of the mat reinforcing force will be considered. As described above, the wet breaking length of the reinforcing sheet used in the seedling raising method of the present invention is extremely weak, and therefore the root can penetrate. However, the reinforcing sheet used in the seedling raising method of the present invention has a thickness of 0.8 to 5 mm. Due to its thickness, the wet tensile strength of the sheet is 0.2-1.0 kg / 15 mm width. Consider the wet tensile strength of 0.2 to 1.0 kg / 15 mm width. For comparison, the strength of a commercially available seedling raising sheet for underlaying floor and a synthetic medium mat for substituting flooring will be described here. As will be described later (Comparative Example 7), for example, when looking at a commercially available pulp-based seedling-growing sheet carrying a highly water-absorbent resin for underlaying flooring soil, the tensile strength in a normal state is 0.44.
It is 4 kg / 15 mm wide, and the tensile strength when immersed in distilled water at 20 ° C. for 5 minutes is unmeasurable because the sheet is distorted and practically has no strength.

Therefore, it is considered that the sheet is hardly used and the mat has no reinforcing power when it is actually used as an underlay of the above-mentioned cultivated soil and is moist under normal seedling raising conditions. Similarly, when the sheet strength of a commercially available inorganic fiber-based synthetic medium mat having a thickness of 18 mm is measured similarly, the tensile strength in a normal state is 0.204 kg / 15 mm width,
Tensile strength after immersion in distilled water at 20 ° C. for 5 minutes is 0.088 kg /
It is 15 mm wide. Therefore, the tensile strength of the reinforcing sheet used in the seedling raising method of the present invention after immersion in distilled water at 20 ° C. for 5 minutes was 0.2%.
The 1.0 kg / 15 mm width is 2.3 to 11.4 times stronger than that of the inorganic fiber-based synthetic medium mat having a thickness of 18 mm. Therefore, due to this excellent wet tensile strength,
The mat reinforcing power inherent to the reinforcing sheet used in the seedling raising method of the present invention is developed, and even if the rooting is small and the mat formation is poor, such a reinforcing sheet serves as a support to reinforce the mat. This is a very useful property that can be worn.

[0034]

Next, the present invention will be described more specifically based on the following examples. The measurement of each item in this example was performed by the following method. Sheet thickness: JIS P-8118 Sheet density: JIS P-8118 Sheet tensile strength: JIS P-8113 (however, measurements were made in the fiber orientation direction and a direction perpendicular to this direction, and the average of both was determined. ) Sheet breaking length: From the above sheet thickness, sheet density and sheet tensile strength I asked more. Wet tensile strength of the sheet: Measured according to JIS P-8113 after immersion in distilled water at 20 ° C. for 5 minutes (however, measured in the fiber orientation direction and the direction perpendicular thereto, and the average of both) was determined.

Sheet wet tear length: From sheet thickness, sheet density, and sheet wet tensile strength, sheet wet tear length (km) = sheet wet tensile strength (kg / 15 mm width)求 め Calculated from sheet thickness (mm) × sheet density (g / cm ³ ) × 15. Root penetrability 1, rice seedling mat mounting workability 1 at the time of seedling seedling, provided with a wooden frame so as to have an area of 25cm × 20cm in a rice seedling raising box, spread a sheet in the enclosure, Commercially available soil is put on the sheet as flooring, and sigmoid-type coated slow-release fertilizer (nitrogen content 4%) is placed on the sheet.
0% by weight, elution inhibition period 30 days, total elution period 100 days. The same applies hereinafter. ) After fertilizing 175 g and sufficiently irrigating, seeding 65 g of rice germ seeds,
The soil was covered with 0 g, and budding and greening were performed according to a conventional method, and the occurrence of root climbing was observed, and the situation of root penetration from the back surface of the sheet was observed. At the time when the seedlings were grown, the mat was taken out of the frame, and the workability of attaching the mat to the rice transplanter was examined. Root penetration 2, matting strength of seedling mat, rice transplanter mounting workability of seedling mat 2, rice planting suitability: 57cm x 2
A sheet cut to 7.5 cm is laid in a nursery box for paddy rice, a commercially available soil is put on the sheet as flooring, and 550 g of a sigmoid-type coated slow-release fertilizer is fertilized on the sheet, and sufficiently irrigated. , Seed 200g of rice germ paddy, then cover about 1000g, budding and greening by a conventional method,
While observing the occurrence of rooting, the penetration of roots from the back surface of the sheet was observed. Further, at the time when the seedlings were grown, the mat strength and the mounting workability when picking up the mat from the nursery box and mounting it on the rice transplanter were examined, and transplantation to the Honda was performed using a normal rice transplanter to evaluate the suitability for rice transplantation.

It should be noted that root penetration 1, root penetration 2, mat strength at the time of seedling seedling, workability at the time of seedling mat installation on rice transplanter 1, workability at the time of seedling mat installation at rice transplanter 2, and rice planting The suitability was evaluated based on the following evaluation criteria. (A) Root penetration 1 and root penetration 2 ◎: There is almost no occurrence of root rising and no local root rising is observed. (Average rate of occurrence of root climbing ≒ 0%) 〜 to ◎: Almost no root climbing occurs, but slight local rooting is observed. (Average rate of occurrence of rooting is less than 5%) ○: There is almost no rooting, but there is local rooting. (Average root-incidence rate of 5% or more and less than 10%) ×: Roots are partially entangled, but roots occur frequently on the whole and are not possible. (A) Mat strength of mat at seedling seedling 100 mm wide from 27.5 cm long end of mat at seedling seedling mat
Was cut and placed on a table, one end was fixed, and the other end was pulled with a spring gauge to measure the load at break.

(C) Workability of attaching the rice transplanter to the mat at the time of the seedling seedling 1, Workability of attaching the rice transplanter to the mat at the time of the seedling 2 ◎: The solid mat is formed by the support of the underlay sheet, as shown in FIG. Even if the mat is lifted with one hand, it does not break or lose its shape. Therefore, work such as mounting to a rice transplanter can be performed very efficiently and with peace of mind. ：: A fairly firm mat is formed by the support of the underlay sheet, and almost no breakage or deformation occurs even when the mat is lifted with one hand as shown in FIG. Therefore, work such as mounting to a rice transplanter can be performed efficiently and safely. △: Despite the shape retention of the mat to some extent, it may break or lose its shape if not carefully handled.
Installation work on rice transplanters must be done carefully. ×: There is no or insufficient reinforcement by the underlay sheet, it is easy to break or lose its shape, and the underlay sheet itself is also easily broken. Must be done carefully.

(D) Suitability for rice transplanting A: There is almost no lack of stock, the mat has good slipperiness on the rice transplanter, and rice transplanting can be carried out without any problem. In addition, root block formation is good, and the state of capturing slow-release fertilizer by the block is also good. : The occurrence of lack of stock is small and the slipperiness of the mat on the rice transplanter is good, so that rice transplanting can be performed without any problem. In addition, the root block formation was almost good, and the blockage of slow-release fertilizer was generally good. ×: Since the mat was insufficiently formed, the mat was apt to break or lose its shape, so that a seedling removing plate had to be used when mounting the rice transplanter. The occurrence of lack of stock is relatively high,
Since the block formation of the root is poor and the block is not a good block, the state of capturing the slow-release fertilizer by the block is also poor.

Example 1 A wood fiber that has not been subjected to chemical treatment and is substantially not fibrillated and used newspaper are mixed and disintegrated in a disintegrator to obtain a weight ratio of the wood fiber: used newspaper = 70. : 30% by weight of a cellulose-based fiber dispersion, a sulfonic acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol-based hydrophilizing agent in a solid content of 2.5% by weight based on the weight of the cellulosic fiber, and a silicon-based hydrophilizing agent with a cellulose-based hydrolyzing agent. 0.5 solids based on fiber weight
% By weight, and sufficiently dispersed and mixed with a stirrer for hydrophilic treatment.
For sheet A, the thickness, density, tensile strength, tear length, wet tensile strength, wet tear length, root penetration 1, and rice seedling mat installation workability 1 for the seedling mat were measured. Are shown in Table 1. The floor soil amount was 400 g.

Example 2 In Example 1, the amount of the sulfonic acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol-based hydrophilizing agent was 1.0% by weight based on the weight of the cellulosic fiber, and the amount of the silicon-based hydrophilizing agent was changed to the cellulosic fiber. Sheet B was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the solid content was set to 0.2% by weight based on the fiber weight. Sheet B
The thickness, density, tensile strength, tear length, wet tensile strength, wet tear length, root penetrability 1 and workability of the rice transplanter on the mat at the time of the seedling seedling 1 were measured, and the results were shown in the table. 1 is shown.

Example 3 In Example 1, the amount of the sulfonic acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol-based hydrophilizing agent was 0.5% by weight based on the weight of the cellulosic fiber, and the amount of the silicon-based hydrophilizing agent was changed to the cellulose-based fiber. Sheet C was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the solid content was 0.1% by weight based on the fiber weight. Sheet C
The thickness, density, tensile strength, tear length, wet tensile strength, wet tear length, root penetrability 1 and workability of the rice transplanter on the mat at the time of the seedling seedling 1 were measured, and the results were shown in the table. 1 is shown.

Example 4 In Example 1, the weight ratio of the wood fiber which had not been subjected to the chemical treatment in the cellulosic fiber dispersion liquid and which was not substantially fibrillated to the waste newspaper was the weight ratio of the wood fiber:
Sheet D was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the used newspaper was 85:15. For the sheet D, the thickness, density, tensile strength, tear length, wet tensile strength, wet tear length, root penetration 1 and workability of the rice transplanter mounting work 1 on the seedling mat were measured. Are shown in Table 1. However, the amount of floor soil is 3
20 g.

Example 5 In Example 2, the weight ratio of the wood fiber which had not been subjected to the chemical treatment in the cellulosic fiber dispersion liquid and which was not substantially fibrillated to the used newsprint was expressed by weight ratio:
Sheet E was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the used newspaper was 60:40. For the sheet E, the thickness, density, tensile strength, tear length, wet tensile strength, wet tear length, root penetration 1, and matt seedling mounting workability 1 for the seedling mat were measured. Are shown in Table 1.

Example 6 In Example 1, after the hydrophilization treatment, a cyclic nitrogen compound-based fungicide was further added to the cellulosic fiber at a solid content of 60 ppm based on the weight of the cellulosic fiber. Sheet F in the same manner as in Example 1 except that nitrogen content was 30% by weight, and the same applies to the following.
I got Regarding the sheet F, the thickness, density, tensile strength, tear length, wet tensile strength, wet tear length, root penetration 1, and rice transplanter mounting workability 1 of the seedling mat were measured.
The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 1 A sheet G was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the sulfonic acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol-based hydrophilizing agent and the silicon-based hydrophilizing agent were not added. For the sheet G, the thickness, density, tensile strength, tear length, wet tensile strength, wet tear length, root penetrability 1 and workability of the rice transplanting machine 1 of the mat at the time of seedling seedling were measured, and the results were obtained. Are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 2 In Example 1, the weight ratio of the wood fiber which had not been subjected to the chemical treatment in the cellulosic fiber dispersion liquid and which was not substantially fibrillated to the waste newspaper was the weight ratio of the wood fiber:
Sheet H was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that used newspaper was 40:60. For the sheet H, the thickness, density, tensile strength, tear length, wet tensile strength, wet tear length, root penetrability 1, and workability of the seedling mat for rice transplanter 1 at the time of seedling seedling were measured. Are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 3 A sheet I was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the sheet was increased to fall outside the scope of the present invention. For the sheet I, the thickness, density, tensile strength, tear length, wet tensile strength, wet tear length, root penetration 1, and workability of the rice seedling mounting machine 1 of the mat at the time of seedling were measured. Are shown in Table 1. However, the amount of floor soil was 320 g.

Comparative Example 4 A sheet J was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the sheet was reduced to fall outside the scope of the present invention. For the sheet J, the thickness, density, tensile strength, tear length, wet tensile strength, wet tear length, root penetration 1, and the matability of the seedling mat during rice transplanter 1 were measured. Are shown in Table 1.

Example 7 A wood fiber which has not been subjected to a chemical treatment and which has not been substantially fibrillated, and a used newspaper are mixed and disintegrated with a pulper, and the weight ratio of the wood fiber: used newspaper = 70: 30 is determined. A cellulosic fiber-dispersed raw material is obtained, and then a sulfonic acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol-based hydrophilizing agent is added at a solid content of 2.5% based on the weight of the cellulose-based fiber, and a silicon-based hydrophilizing agent is added at a solid content of 0% based on the weight of the cellulosic fiber. 0.5 wt%, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred and mixed for hydrophilization treatment. Then, the mixture was supplied onto a fourdrinier net to form a paper layer, wound up to a predetermined thickness with a wind-up roll, and cut. It was pressed and dried to obtain a sheet K. Regarding sheet K, thickness, density, tensile strength, tear length, wet tensile strength, wet tear length, root penetration 2, mat strength for seedling mat, workability of seedling mat for rice transplanter 2 , And rice planting suitability were measured, and the results are shown in Table 2. The floor soil amount was 1250 g.

Example 8 In Example 7, the weight ratio of the wood fiber which had not been subjected to the chemical treatment in the cellulosic fiber-dispersed raw material and which was not substantially fibrillated to the used newspaper was determined by comparing the wood fiber: used newspaper. Sheet L was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7, except that = 80: 20. Regarding the sheet L, thickness, density, tensile strength, tear length, wet tensile strength, wet tear length, root penetration 2, mat strength at the time of seedling mat, workability of the rice transplanter at the time of seedling mat 2 , And rice planting suitability were measured, and the results are shown in Table 2. The floor soil amount was 1000 g.

Example 9 In Example 7, the weight ratio of the wood fiber which had not been subjected to the chemical treatment in the cellulosic fiber-dispersed raw material and which was not substantially fibrillated to the used newspaper was determined by comparing the wood fiber to the used newspaper. Sheet M was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7, except that = 60: 40. Regarding the sheet M, thickness, density, tensile strength, tear length, wet tensile strength, wet tear length, root penetration 2, mat strength at the time of seedling mat, workability of rice transplanter at the time of seedling mat 2 , And rice planting suitability were measured, and the results are shown in Table 2.

Example 10 In Example 7, the amount of the sulfonic acid-modified polyvinyl alcohol-based hydrophilizing agent was 1.0% by weight based on the weight of the cellulosic fiber, and the amount of the silicon-based hydrophilizing agent was changed to the weight of the cellulosic fiber. After the hydrophilization treatment, the cyclic nitrogen compound-based fungicide was further added with a solid content of 60 ppm based on the weight of the cellulosic fiber, and a water-insoluble powdery slow-release fertilizer was added to the cellulosic fiber. To solid content
Sheet N was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7, except that 0% by weight was added and the mixture was sufficiently stirred and mixed. About sheet N, thickness,
Density, tensile strength, tear length, wet tensile strength, wet tear length,
The root penetration 2, the mat strength at the time of the seedling seedling, the rice transplanter mounting workability 2 of the mat at the time of seedling seedling, and the suitability for rice planting were measured, and the results are shown in Table 2.

Comparative Example 5 Root penetration 2, mat strength at the time of seedling mat, workability of rice mating machine at the time of seedling mat 2, and rice planting when only normal soil was used and no reinforcing sheet was used Suitability was measured, and the results are shown in Table 2. The floor soil volume is 12
The weight was 50 g.

Comparative Example 6 For newsprint, thickness, density, tensile strength, tear length, wet tensile strength, wet tear length, root penetration 2, mat strength for seedling mat, rice planting for seedling mat Machine mounting workability 2 and rice planting suitability were measured, and the results are shown in Table 2. The amount of floor soil was 1250 g.

Comparative Example 7 A commercially available pulp-based seedling-growing sheet supporting a highly water-absorbent resin for underlaying of a commercially available flooring soil, thickness, density, tensile strength, breaking length, wet tensile strength, wet breaking length, root penetration 2 The mat strength at the time of the seedling mat, the rice transplanter mounting workability 2 of the mat at the time of seedling seedling, and the rice planting suitability were measured, and the results are shown in Table 2. In addition,
The amount of floor soil was 1250 g.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 8 Using only normal cultivation soil, under newspaper,
When normal seedling raising was carried out without applying a slow-release fertilizer coated with sigmoid tie, root penetration 2, mat strength at the time of seedling mating, rice transplanter mounting workability at the time of seedling mat 2 and The rice planting suitability was measured, and the results are shown in Table 2. The floor soil amount was 1800 g.

[0057]

According to the seedling raising method of the present invention, as can be seen from Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 8 and Tables 1 and 2, the seedlings have not been subjected to any chemical treatment and are substantially not treated. High content of non-fibrillated cellulosic fibers,
The thickness and density should be within the specified range, the hydrophilization treatment should be performed, and the seedling box should be subjected to a large number of fertilizing seedling methods using a reinforcing sheet with the specified range of the wet tensile strength and the wet breaking length under the specified wet conditions. As a result, while maintaining excellent plant growth suitability and good seedling raising workability, it is possible to omit or reduce topdressing work after transplanting Honda, and to improve a series of workability and efficiency from seedling raising to harvesting Can be.

The particularly excellent point of the seedling raising method of the present invention is that
By using a reinforcing sheet that combines the ability of root penetration and mat reinforcement during rice transplanter installation work, which has been difficult to achieve until now, it is possible to attach the rice transplanter to the rice transplanter due to poor mat formation in the seedling box mass application fertilizing seedling method This is a problem that could be solved during work. In other words, according to the seedling raising method of the present invention, even when the mat is poorly formed due to a small net cultivation amount due to the seedling box mass application fertilizing seedling method when attached to a rice transplanter, the mat reinforcing effect of the reinforcing sheet does not hinder. Work can be done.

The mat reinforcing effect of such a reinforcing sheet will be further described. Seedling raising mat using the seedling raising method of the present invention.
The mat strength of 0) can be determined by the conventional nursery box mass fertilization method (nothing is laid under the floor soil (Comparative Example 5), newspaper is laid (Comparative Example 6), (Comparative Example 7), 2.2 to 2.5 times stronger than
Nursery seedling box Compared with a general seedling raising seedling that does not apply a large amount of fertilizer (Comparative Example 8 (newspaper was laid under the floor soil)), it is 1.4 to 1.5 times as strong and extremely remarkable mat. It can be seen that the reinforcing effect is exhibited.

In addition, in the conventional method of applying a large number of seedling raising fertilizing seedlings, mat formation tends to be poor even at the seedling stage, and it is impossible to mount a rice transplanter at the nursery stage at all. For example, as described above, the mat strength of the mat at the time of seedling by the nursery box mass fertilization seedling method is considerably stronger than that of a general seedling raising seedling that does not perform the nursery box mass fertilization, and therefore the root of the mat is less. Therefore, even if the mat strength becomes a little weaker, the rice transplanter can still be mounted sufficiently, so depending on the selection of conditions such as the strength of the reinforcing sheet and the time of raising seedlings, a large amount of fertilizing seedlings can be applied to the seedling raising seedling box. It is considered that the law can be applied. Furthermore, since the reinforcing sheet used in the seedling raising method of the present invention also has a function of substituting the floor soil, depending on the selection of conditions such as the thickness of the reinforcing sheet, the amount of fertilizer applied to the seedling raising box, the time of raising the seedling and the period of raising the seedling, etc. It is also conceivable to use no cultivation soil or synthetic medium at all.

As described above, the conventional method of applying a large amount of fertilizing seedlings in a nursery box has an excellent effect of omitting or reducing the additional fertilization work after transplanting the Honda, but has a very low penetration rate because the mat formation tends to be defective. However, according to the seedling raising method of the present invention, the seedling raising method can be carried out in large quantities without worrying about poor mat formation. Therefore, the seedling raising method of the present invention is a seedling raising method that can widely and widely spread the nursery box fertilizing seedling method.

In addition, according to the seedling raising method of the present invention, since a large number of roots penetrate the reinforcing sheet, the roots and the reinforcing sheet form a block integrally, so that the seedling box can be used in a large number of fertilizing seedling methods. The trapping of the slow-release fertilizer by the roots becomes extremely good, and more fertilizer is applied near the roots at the time of transplantation to Honda, so that the fertilization efficiency is further improved. As a result, it is possible to omit or reduce the topdressing work after the transplantation of Honda by the nursery box mass fertilizing seedling method. Since the slow-release fertilizer trapped in the root is fertilized in the vicinity of the root at the time of Honda transplantation, the efficiency and effectiveness of the fertilizer effect is improved, and good survival is obtained (compared to the case of topdressing after Honda transplantation) And the fertilization rate is reduced by 30 to 40%.) A large amount of soil to be fertilized in the nursery box can be reduced by 30 to 40%. Even during the seedling raising period, the fertilizer concentration in the bed soil is constantly maintained at a high level that does not cause any obstacles, so that the seedlings grow well. You can enjoy all the advantages such as.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a drawing showing a state in which a mat obtained by a seedling raising method of the present invention is lifted with one hand.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Reinforcement sheet 2 Floor soil or synthetic medium mat 3 Slow release fertilizer 4 Seedling

[Table 1]

[Table 2]

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A cellulose fiber, which has not been subjected to a chemical treatment and is not substantially fibrillated, has a particle size of 50 to 90%.
A hydrophilizing treatment sheet containing 0.8% to 5% by weight and a density of 0.1 to 0.5 g / cm.
^The wet tensile strength (JIS P−3) obtained by measuring the fiber orientation direction and the direction perpendicular to the fiber orientation direction of the sheet after immersion in distilled water at 20 ° C. for 5 minutes.
8113) and wet tear length (JIS P-
8113), a wet sheet having a wet tensile strength of 0.2 to 1.0 kg / 15 mm width and a wet tear length of 0.02 to 0.1 km was prepared. It was laid in a nursery box, and on the reinforcing sheet, at least an amount of fertilizer necessary for the nursery period and all or most of the amount of fertilizer necessary for transplantation from the plant to harvest were supplied. A method for raising seedlings, comprising seeding the seedlings later to grow the seedlings. 2. In order to supply the fertilizer in an amount required during the seedling raising period and all or most of the amount of fertilizer required from the transplantation to the Honda to the harvest on the reinforcing sheet, cultivation or cultivation is performed. 2. The method for raising seedlings according to claim 1, wherein said method is supplied together with a synthetic medium. 3. The seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the seedling after sowing according to claim 1 is transplanted to a Honda at a dairy seedling stage or a seedling stage. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cellulose fibers which have not been subjected to a chemical treatment and are not substantially fibrillated are 50 to 90%.
A hydrophilizing treatment sheet containing 0.8% to 5% by weight and a density of 0.1 to 0.5 g / cm.
^The wet tensile strength (JIS P−3) obtained by measuring the fiber orientation direction and the direction perpendicular to the fiber orientation direction of the sheet after immersion in distilled water at 20 ° C. for 5 minutes.
8113) and wet tear length (JIS P-
8113), a wet sheet having a wet tensile strength of 0.2 to 1.0 kg / 15 mm width and a wet tear length of 0.02 to 0.1 km was prepared. Spread in a nursery box, and on the reinforcing sheet, together with cultivation or synthetic medium, not only the amount of fertilizer required during the seedling raising period, but also all or most of the amount required from transplantation to Honda until harvest. A method for raising seedlings, comprising supplying a fertilizer, irrigating and then sowing, covering the soil, germinating, greening, and transplanting to the Honda at the stage of dairy seedling or seedling. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cellulose fibers are wood fibers. 6. The method for raising a seedling according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophilized sheet is a papermaking sheet. 7. The fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer supplied as a whole or most of the fertilizer necessary for transplanting from the transplantation to the Honda until harvesting is a coated slow-release fertilizer.
7. The method for raising a seedling according to 4, 5 or 6.