JPH11159339A - Internal combustion engine for converting reciprocating motion of piston to rotating motion by rack and pinion mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently take expansive force in the expansion stroke of an internal combustion engine as rotation driving force in the same direction from a gear axle through a piston and a rack and a pinion mechanism. SOLUTION: This internal combustion engine has two streaks of racks 4, 5, instead of a crank mechanism, provided facing each other at the skirt side of a piston to perform reciprocating motion in association with the reciprocating motion of the piston, pinions 6, 7 with the same shape respectively engaged with two streaks of racks 4, 5 and gears 10, 11 separately mounted at the other end of the pinion shaft to be engaged with the gear 12 of a rotation driving shaft (a gear shaft to transmit the rotating motion to the outside of the internal combustion engine). A free mechanism is laid between each of the pinions 6, 7 and its pinion shaft to function in association with the motion of the piston so that the reciprocating motion of the piston can be continuously changed to rotating motion.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine utilizing reciprocating motion of a piston, which utilizes a rack and a pinion instead of a crank mechanism as a method of converting the reciprocating motion of a piston into a rotary motion. The reciprocating motion of the piston is continuously converted into rotary motion through a mechanism (to be precise, the expansion stroke of the piston (expansion stroke in a four-cycle engine, the downstroke in a two-cycle engine, but is generally referred to as an expansion stroke). )), The driving force of the piston rotates a rotary drive shaft (refers to a shaft of a gear that transmits a rotational drive force to the outside of the internal combustion engine; the same applies hereinafter) through a rack, a pinion, etc., and transmits power to the outside of the engine. In other strokes, the inertia of the rotary drive shaft with a flywheel etc. rotates the pinion and moves the piston through the rack. To) the present invention relates to an internal combustion engine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventional internal combustion engine using reciprocating motion of a piston, a reciprocating motion of a piston and a rotating motion of a crankshaft are mutually converted by a crank mechanism.

[0003]

A conventional method of converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion through a crank mechanism is an expansion stroke (an expansion stroke in a four-stroke engine, a downward stroke in a two-stroke engine). The process is the same.
However, there is a disadvantage that a considerable part of the force of the piston from the top dead center to the bottom dead center is not converted into the rotational driving force of the crankshaft and is absorbed by the crankshaft and the inner wall of the cylinder. This is because, during the expansion stroke, the change in pressure applied to the piston from top dead center to bottom dead center, the angle between the movement direction of the piston and the connecting rod at each time, and the connection between the connecting rod and the crank arm. It is clear if the vector is calculated by focusing on the change in the angle. In particular, the strongest pressure when the piston pushes down the piston that has started moving from top dead center to bottom dead center is when the connecting rod and the crank arm are linear or nearly linear on the line connecting the piston center and the crank shaft. There is a disadvantage that much of the piston force is absorbed by the crankshaft. On the other hand, when the piston is pushed up from the bottom dead center to the top dead center by the rotational driving force of the crankshaft, the efficiency is similarly low in structure. The present invention focuses on the inefficiency of a structure that converts reciprocating motion of a piston used in conventional internal combustion engines of automobiles, ships, locomotives and the like into rotational motion by a crank mechanism and extracts power from a crankshaft, and improves this. It was developed for the purpose of doing.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In an internal combustion engine that allows reciprocating motion of a piston, instead of a crank mechanism, two racks of the same shape that reciprocate in conjunction with the reciprocating motion of the piston are provided on the skirt side of the piston. Pinions having the same shape are engaged with the two racks, respectively, and the pinion axes are provided so as to be parallel to each other. (In this mechanism, the two pinions rotate in accordance with the reciprocating motion of the piston, but one pinion always rotates in the opposite direction to the other pinion.) Further, one pinion has the piston The pinion and the pinion shaft are connected only when moving from top dead center to the bottom dead center, and the other pinion is connected so that the pinion and the pinion shaft are connected only when the piston moves from bottom dead center to top dead center. A free mechanism is interposed between the shafts.Gears of the same shape with the pinion shaft as the gear shaft are attached to each pinion shaft separately from the above-mentioned pinion, and both gears contact each other. The gears attached to the rotary drive shaft (meaning the shaft of the gear that transmits the rotational drive force to the outside of the internal combustion engine; the same applies hereinafter) It may be an internal combustion engine which converts the piston reciprocating motion and the rotary motion of the rotary drive shaft to each other.

[0005] In this mechanism, if one of the pinions, which rotates counterclockwise when the piston moves from the top dead center to the bottom dead center, and the pinion shaft are connected by a free mechanism, the pinion shaft and the gears connected to the pinion shaft are also connected to the left. It rotates and generates a clockwise rotation motion on the rotary drive shaft through a gear attached to the rotary drive shaft. At this time, the other pinion performs the opposite clockwise movement and the pinion shaft performs the counterclockwise rotation.However, since the pinion and the pinion shaft are not connected by the free mechanism, the rotation of the rotation drive shaft does not interfere with the clockwise rotation. Do not give. When the piston is moved from the top dead center to the bottom dead center by the rotational drive force of the rotary drive shaft using the inertia force of the flywheel or the like in other strokes other than the expansion stroke, the force transmission order is different from the above. It just reverses. Also, in order to move the piston from the bottom dead center to the top dead center, it is necessary to generate an ascending linear motion on the piston with the rotational drive force of the rotary drive shaft utilizing the inertia force of the flywheel. The pinion connected to the hour pinion shaft is the other pinion described above, and this pinion obtains left rotational movement from the rotational driving force of the rotary drive shaft, but the left rotational movement of this pinion rises linearly through the rack to the piston. Will be generated. By repeating the above, an internal combustion engine that converts the reciprocating motion of the piston and the rotational motion of the rotary drive shaft into each other can be obtained.

In this mechanism, the rack has a structure in which the rack reciprocates. Therefore, two pistons are paired and their skirt sides are connected by a connecting rod, and the rack is provided on the connecting rod to provide the two racks. If the structure is shared by the pistons, the force of the expansion stroke of one piston (the expansion stroke in a four-stroke engine, but the downward stroke in a two-stroke engine, but collectively referred to as the expansion stroke) is used for the other strokes of the other piston. Can be used directly as the driving force required for the internal combustion engine, so that a very efficient internal combustion engine can be obtained. As a method,
Two pistons are paired, and the skirt side of one piston and the skirt side of the other piston are connected by a connecting rod, and two racks of the same shape are provided on the connecting rod so as to face each other. And pinions having the same shape are engaged with each other, and the respective pinion axes are provided so as to be parallel to each other. Furthermore, one pinion is connected to the pinion shaft only when one piston goes from top dead center to bottom dead center (the other piston goes from bottom dead center to top dead center). A free mechanism is interposed between each pinion and the pinion shaft so that the pinion and the pinion shaft are connected only when the piston moves from bottom dead center to top dead center (the other piston moves from top dead center to bottom dead center) In addition, separately from the above-mentioned pinion, a gear of the same shape having the pinion shaft as a gear shaft is attached to each pinion shaft, and both gears are attached to the rotary drive shaft so that both gears do not contact each other. The internal combustion engine converts the reciprocating motion of the piston and the rotational motion of the rotary drive shaft into each other by meshing with the gears.

In the above, the free mechanism provided in the motion transmitting mechanism between the piston and the rotary drive shaft is provided between the pinion and the pinion shaft. However, instead of interposing the free mechanism between the pinion and the pinion shaft, each free mechanism is provided. A free mechanism having the same effect as above is interposed between the gear mounted on the pinion shaft and the pinion shaft, or the gear mounted on the pinion shaft is mounted not on the pinion shaft but on a unique gear shaft provided in the pinion shaft direction. In addition, each pinion shaft and each gear shaft in the direction of the pinion shaft are connected by a shaft coupling having a free mechanism having the same effect as described above, or a toothless pinion or missing tooth to have a free mechanism having the same effect as above There is a method using a gear.

In this engine, a rack and a pinion are used as a transmission mechanism for converting reciprocating motion and rotary motion between each other.
Because the motion can be interchanged with very little loss,
The internal combustion engine can be significantly more efficient than in the past. Further, in the internal combustion engine using the rack and the pinion mechanism, in order to prevent the positions of the top dead center and the bottom dead center from being shifted, to have a structure capable of withstanding the inertial force of the piston at the top dead center and the bottom dead center, and -Even if the crank mechanism is limited to the power source for driving the camshaft to drive the intake and exhaust valves accurately at the timing of the bottom dead center, the load for driving the crank mechanism should be set appropriately low. If this is the case, almost the same effects can be obtained, and an internal combustion engine with higher efficiency than before can be obtained.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the internal combustion engine of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.

(1) As shown in FIG. 1, in an internal combustion engine utilizing the reciprocating motion of a piston, a slide 2 which reciprocates in conjunction with the reciprocating motion of the piston 1 is fixed to the skirt side of the piston 1, and The sliding portion of the sliding body 2 has a structure in which the hollow 3 provided in the main body of the internal combustion engine slides.

The sliding member 2 has a rack 2 of the same shape.
The racks (rack 4 and rack 5) are provided to face each other, and pinions (pinion 6 and pinion 7) of the same shape are engaged with the two racks, respectively, and the respective pinion shafts (pinion shaft 8 and pinion shaft 9) are engaged. ) Are provided so as to be parallel to each other. (In this mechanism, the two pinions rotate in accordance with the reciprocating motion of the piston, but one pinion always rotates in the opposite direction to the other pinion.)

Further, one pinion allows the pinion and the pinion shaft to be connected only when the piston 1 moves from the top dead center to the bottom dead center, and the other pinion allows the piston 1 to move from the bottom dead center to the top dead center. A free mechanism is interposed between each pinion and the pinion shaft so that only the pinion and the pinion shaft are connected, and each pinion shaft has the same shape as the gear having the pinion shaft as a gear shaft separately from the above-mentioned pinion. (Gears 10 and 11) are attached, and the two gears are attached to a rotary drive shaft (a shaft of a gear that transmits a rotational drive force to the outside of the internal combustion engine; the same applies hereinafter) so that the two gears do not contact each other. Basically, the internal combustion engine has a structure in which a reciprocating motion of a piston and a rotational motion of a rotary drive shaft are mutually converted by meshing with a mounted gear (gear 12). The flywheel 13 is attached to the rotary drive shaft so that smooth rotational energy can be obtained.

In this mechanism, the pinion 6 which rotates left when the piston moves from the top dead center to the bottom dead center is connected to the pinion shaft 8.
If the free mechanism is set so as to be connected to the gear, the gear 10 connected to the pinion shaft 8 also rotates to the left, and causes the rotation drive shaft to generate right rotation motion through the gear 12 attached to the rotation drive shaft. At this time, the pinion 7 performs the opposite clockwise movement and the pinion shaft 9 performs the counterclockwise rotation. However, since the pinion 7 and the pinion shaft 9 are not connected by the free mechanism, the pinion 7 does not interfere with the clockwise rotation of the rotary drive shaft. Do not give. In order to move the piston from the bottom dead center to the top dead center in other strokes other than the expansion stroke, an upward linear motion is generated in the piston by the rotational drive force of the rotary drive shaft utilizing the inertia force of the flywheel and the like. However, at this time, the pinion connected to the pinion shaft is the pinion 7, and the pinion 7 obtains left rotation from the rotational driving force of the rotary drive shaft. 1 will generate an ascending linear motion. By repeating the above, an internal combustion engine that converts the reciprocating motion of the piston and the rotational motion of the rotary drive shaft into each other can be obtained.

(2) As a method of effectively utilizing the basic principle of the above (1), as shown in FIG. 2, two pistons (pistons 14 and 15) are paired, and the skirt side of one piston and the other piston Are connected by a connecting rod, and two racks of the same shape (rack 16,
The racks 17) are provided to face each other, and pinions (pinions 18, 19) of the same shape are engaged with the two racks, respectively, and the pinion shafts (pinion shafts 20, 21) are parallel to each other. Provided to be.

Further, one pinion is connected to the other pinion so that the pinion and its pinion shaft are connected only when the piston 14 moves from top dead center to bottom dead center (piston 15 moves from bottom dead center to top dead center). A free mechanism is provided between each pinion and each pinion shaft so that the pinion and its pinion shaft are connected only when the piston 14 moves from bottom dead center to top dead center (piston 15 moves from top dead center to bottom dead center). Intervene,
Gears (gears 22 and 23) having the same shape with the pinion shaft as a gear shaft are attached to each pinion shaft separately from the above-mentioned pinion so that both gears do not contact each other. The internal combustion engine has a structure in which a reciprocating motion of the piston and a rotational motion of the rotary drive shaft are mutually converted by meshing with a gear (gear 24) attached to the rotary drive shaft. The flywheel 25 is attached to the rotary drive shaft so that smooth rotational energy can be obtained.

(3) In the above (1) and (2), instead of interposing a free mechanism between the pinion and the pinion shaft, the same effect can be obtained between the gears attached to each pinion shaft and the pinion shaft. Intervene the free mechanism that each has. Alternatively, instead of attaching the gear attached to each pinion shaft to its own gear shaft provided in the direction of the pinion shaft instead of the pinion shaft, instead of interposing a free mechanism between the pinion shafts, each pinion shaft and its pinion shaft Each of the gear shafts in the direction is connected by a shaft coupling having a free mechanism having the same effect. Alternatively, instead of interposing a free mechanism between the pinion and the pinion shaft, the pinion is replaced with a toothless pinion to have the same free effect. Alternatively, instead of interposing a free mechanism between the pinion and the pinion shaft, a gear connected to each pinion shaft may be a toothless gear and have the same free effect.

(4) One embodiment of the free mechanism between the pinion and the pinion shaft in the above (1) and (2) is shown in FIG.
And FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the pinion and the pinion shaft (illustrations of the pinion teeth are omitted).
And a cam 28 fixed to the pinion shaft 27 and having a protruding portion, a gradual gap 29 is provided, into which an appropriate number of rollers 30 having different diameters are inserted.

At this time, the number of the gradually changing gaps 29 is an even number, and the gaps are arranged such that the maximum part and the maximum part are adjacent to the minimum part and the minimum part. Moreover, a hollow 32 is provided in the cam 28 so that a liquid such as oil (hereinafter referred to as oil) passes from the hollow 31 provided in the pinion shaft 27 to the maximum portion of each of the gradual gaps 29. Each of the cams 28 has a hollow 33 so as to communicate with the other end of the hollow (the back surface in FIG. 3 (hollow 34 in FIG. 4)) provided on the pinion shaft 27 through the maximum to minimum portions of the cam.
Is provided.

At this time, the hollows 31, 3 provided on the pinion shaft
4 and the hollow 32 provided in the cam 28, the hollow 33 and the gradual gap 29 are shown in FIG.
FIG. 4 shows a partial sectional view taken in the direction of the arrow at 35... 35 ′ of FIG.
9 illustrates the direction in which the oil flows in a case where the oil flows from the maximum part to the minimum part of FIG.

Even if the hydraulic pressure is applied from the maximum part to the minimum part of the gradual gap 29, since the roller 30 is inserted in the gradual gap 29, almost no oil flows, and the hydraulic pressure is reduced from the maximum part to the minimum. Pressure. At this time, if an appropriate oil pressure is applied, when the rotational motion of the pinion 26 is a driving force, the pinion shaft 27 is formed by the action of the half-gradual gap 29 in which the maximum part and the minimum part are arranged in the same direction and the rollers 30 therein. It rotates in conjunction with it. Conversely, pinion shaft 2
In the case where the rotational motion of 7 is the driving force, the pinion 26 rotates in conjunction with the action of the half-graded gaps 29 arranged in the opposite direction and the rollers 30 therein. That is, the pinion 26
The same effect as when the pinion shaft 27 is fixed is obtained.

Conversely, when hydraulic pressure is applied from the minimum portion to the maximum portion of the gradually changing gap 29, the pinion 26 and the pinion shaft 27 are always free. Therefore, in the present apparatus, one end and the other end of the pinion shaft 27 are connected by pipes (collectively referred to as pipes and hoses; the same applies hereinafter), and hollows 31, 32, 33,
34 and the gradual gap 29 are filled with oil, and a suitable hydraulic pressure is simultaneously applied from the hollow at one end of the pinion shaft 27 to the hollow at the other end, and the direction of the hydraulic pressure is controlled according to the situation. A free mechanism in an internal combustion engine can be realized.

This mechanism can also be used immediately as a free mechanism between the gear and the pinion shaft (used as a gear shaft) and a free mechanism for a shaft coupling in the above (3).

As is apparent from the above, the free mechanism is different from the conventional free mechanism, and can freely and repeatedly set the free and the connection independently of the speed and the rotating direction between the respective rotating objects. In addition to this, it is possible to easily generate a constant-speed linear reciprocating motion and the like by the rotational driving force, so that a new application range such as a printing machine besides an internal combustion engine can be expected.

(5) Various methods are conceivable for implementing the structure of the internal combustion engine using the basic principle of the internal combustion engine of the present invention. As an example, the positions of the top dead center and the bottom dead center of the piston are changed. There is no camshaft drive to make the structure that can withstand the inertial force of the piston at the top dead center / bottom dead center and to drive the intake and exhaust valves accurately at the timing of the top dead center / bottom dead center. An embodiment of a two-cylinder engine incorporating a crank mechanism as a power source will be described with reference to FIG.
This embodiment can be applied to other multi-cylinder engines such as a four-cylinder engine.

A sliding member 38 and a sliding member 39 which reciprocate in conjunction with the reciprocating movement of the piston are fixedly mounted on the skirt side of the piston 36 and the piston 37, and the sliding portion of each sliding member is as described in (1) above. Sliding the hollow provided in the body of the internal combustion engine increases the height of the internal combustion engine. Therefore, in the present embodiment, in order to set the height of the internal combustion engine low, The projections are provided on both sides of the sliding body, and the projections engage with grooves provided in the internal combustion engine body (engine block, etc.) to slide in accordance with the movement of the piston. Makes accurate reciprocating movement without deviation. The protrusion is omitted in FIG. 5 and will be described later with reference to FIG.

The other end of each sliding body (the part not fixed to the piston) is provided with a crank mechanism 40 and a crank mechanism 41 which function in conjunction with the reciprocating movement of the sliding body. An appropriate flywheel 43 is mounted to keep the rotation direction of the crankshaft constant.

Since the present embodiment is a two-cylinder engine, the phase of the piston 36 and the piston 37 on the movement stroke is 180.
゜ Set by shifting. Also, two racks of the same shape (rack 44, rack 45 and rack 46, rack 47) are provided facing each other on each sliding body, and pinions (pinion 48, pinion 49) of the same shape are provided on each of the two racks.
And the pinion 50 and the pinion 51) are engaged with each other, and the respective pinion shafts (pinion shafts 5 and 51) are engaged.
2, pinion shafts 53) are provided so as to be parallel to each other, and pinion bearings (omitted in the drawing) are provided on both sides of each pinion, and the pinion described in (4) above is provided between each pinion and its pinion shaft. A free mechanism between the pinion shafts is interposed.

As a method of implementing the free mechanism (4) in this embodiment, the pinion bearings on both sides of each pinion are used as a pair, and oil is applied to the outside of one pinion bearing, the inside of the bearing, and the inside of the pinion shaft. One hollow provided, one hollow of the cam, a gradual gap, the other hollow of the cam, the other hollow provided inside the pinion shaft, the inside of the other bearing, the other bearing outside, so as to communicate with the other, What is necessary is just to make it function according to the Example of the free mechanism of said (4).

In this mechanism, each of the two pinions, which rotate in accordance with the reciprocating motion of each piston, is always in the opposite direction to one pinion (pinion 48 or pinion 50) and the other pinion (pinion 49 or pinion 51). Since the rotary motion is performed, the free mechanism between the pinion and the pinion shaft allows the pinion 48 and the pinion 50 to connect the pinion and the pinion shaft only when the piston moves from the top dead center to the bottom dead center. The pinion 49 and the pinion 51 are set such that the pinion and the pinion shaft are connected only when the piston moves from the bottom dead center to the top dead center.

In addition to the above-described pinion, gears (gears 54 and 55) having the same shape and having the pinion shaft as a gear shaft are attached to each pinion shaft, and both gears are brought into contact with each other. The gears (gears 56) attached to the rotary drive shaft are engaged with each other so as not to be disturbed.

A suitable flywheel 57 is attached to the shaft of the gear 56 so that smooth rotational kinetic energy can be taken out.
The driving force of the internal combustion engine is extracted from the rotational motion of the engine. In this mechanism, the gear 56 is rotated in the direction of the arrow. To rotate the gear 56 in the opposite direction, the relationship between the fixed state and the free state of the pinion and the pinion shaft may be reversed.

At the top dead center of the piston 36, the pinion 48 is fixed from free to the pinion shaft.
Since 9 changes from fixed to free, the state between the two pinions and the pinion shaft is instantaneously free. (Similarly, between the two pinions and the pinion shaft is in a free state at the bottom dead center.) This also applies to the top dead center and the bottom dead center of the piston 37. Therefore, in order not to shift the positions of the top dead center and the bottom dead center of the piston, to have a structure that can withstand the inertial force of the piston at the top dead center and the bottom dead center, and to match the timing of the top dead center and the bottom dead center In this embodiment, a crank mechanism 40 and a crank mechanism 41 are provided as a power source for driving a camshaft for accurately driving an intake / exhaust valve and the like. In addition, it is limited to the above purpose and incorporates a crank mechanism,
Moreover, if the load for driving the crank mechanism is set appropriately low, it is possible to manufacture an efficient internal combustion engine as the object of the present invention.

As a method of starting the internal combustion engine, a flywheel 57 or a flywheel 43 is started by a starting motor.
However, when starting from the flywheel 57, the flywheel 43 must be devised unless something is devised.
Rotation direction at startup is not determined. Conversely, when starting from the flywheel 43, there is no problem because the rotation direction of the flywheel 57 is always determined by the setting of the free mechanism regardless of the rotation direction of the flyhole 43.

As is apparent from the present embodiment, when the present invention is applied to a multi-cylinder engine, each pinion that rotates in conjunction with the reciprocating motion of each piston in accordance with the stroke of each piston and the pinion shaft between the pinions. What is necessary is just to make a free mechanism work according to the above-mentioned method.

(6) In the embodiment of the two-cylinder engine of the above (5), a method of changing the mounting method of the crank mechanism to lower the height of the internal combustion engine, The projections provided in the directions will be described with reference to FIG. 6, but the present embodiment can be applied to other multi-cylinder engines such as a four-cylinder engine.

FIG. 6 shows a piston, a sliding member fixed to the skirt side of the piston, a crank mechanism attached to the sliding member, and a sliding member provided on the sliding member so that the sliding member moves in the same direction as the piston moves. FIG.
FIG. 6A is a front view (a sectional view of only the sliding body), and FIG. 6B is a side view of FIG.

In order to reduce the height of the internal combustion engine, the structure in which the crank mechanism 61 is connected to the pin mechanism 60 provided on the sliding body 59 fixed to the piston 58 is such that the pin mechanism 60 is positioned as close to the piston as possible. To be provided.

The rack 62 and the rack 6 provided on the sliding body 59
A projection 64 and a projection 65 are provided on the surface of the sliding body 59 in the direction perpendicular to the direction 3. Further, each protruding portion (protruding portion 64, protruding portion 65) is a main body (engine block, etc.) of the internal combustion engine.
When the sliding body 59 reciprocates in accordance with the reciprocating movement of the piston 58, the groove and the protrusion slide smoothly. With this structure, the sliding body 59 can reciprocate exactly in accordance with the reciprocating motion of the piston without blurring.

[0040]

The embodiment of the present invention has the above structure,
Since the expansion force in the expansion stroke of the internal combustion engine can be taken out as a rotational driving force in the same direction from the gear shaft through the piston, the rack and the pinion mechanism more efficiently than before, the application of the present invention makes it very efficient An internal combustion engine can be manufactured. For example, when this mechanism is incorporated in an internal combustion engine of a vehicle, the driving torque per displacement can be greatly improved as compared with the conventional one, so that the displacement per vehicle weight can be made smaller than before and the vehicle can be more fuel-efficient. In addition, since the rotational driving force is obtained from the gear shaft substantially in proportion to the pressure applied to the piston during the expansion stroke, an automobile having a high response that is sensitive to the movement of the accelerator can be obtained. In addition, if this mechanism is adopted in internal combustion engines of automobiles around the world, it will also save enormous petroleum resources.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view (image) of a main mechanism of a single cylinder internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view (image) of a main mechanism of a two-cylinder internal combustion engine (opposite piston type) of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view (image diagram) of an embodiment relating to a free mechanism of a pinion and a pinion shaft, and does not show the unevenness of the teeth of the pinion.

FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view (image diagram) of the pinion mechanism shown in FIG. 3 as viewed in the direction of the arrows at 35... 35 ′, and the roller 30 in FIG. 3 and the unevenness of the pinion teeth are not shown.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Fig. 1 1 Piston 2 Slide 3 Hollow 4 Rack 5 Rack 6 Pinion 7 Pinion 8 Pinion shaft 9 Pinion shaft 10 Gear 11 Gear 12 Gear 13 Flywheel Fig. 2 14 Piston 15 Piston 16 Rack 17 Rack 18 Pinion 19 Pinion 20 Pinion shaft 21 3 and 4 26 Pinion 27 Pinion shaft 28 Cam 29 Gradual gap 30 Roller 31 Hollow 32 Hollow 33 Hollow 34 Hollow 35... 35 ′ is the sectional position of FIG. Piston 37 Piston 38 Sliding body 39 Sliding body 40 Crank mechanism 41 Crank mechanism 42 Crankshaft 43 Flywheel 44 Rack 45 Rack 46 Rack 47 Rack 48 Pinion 49 Pinion 50 Pinion 51 Pin On 52 the pinion shaft 53 the pinion shaft 54 gear 55 gear 56 gear 57 flywheel 6 58 piston 59 slide 60 pin mechanism 61 crank mechanism 62 the rack 63 the rack 64 projecting portion 65 projecting portion

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] October 20, 1998

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Claims

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Claims]

[Procedure amendment 3]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0004

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[0004]

In an internal combustion engine utilizing the reciprocating motion of a piston, an appropriate number of racks which reciprocate in conjunction with the reciprocating motion of the piston are provided on the skirt side of the piston instead of the crank mechanism, and a pinion and a rack are provided. A suitable number of pinions with a free mechanism that can freely connect and free the pinion shafts to the rack (the minimum number of pinions is 2 at least, so if there is only one rack, the number of pinions must be on the same rack). At least two pinions are arranged at an appropriate interval.) The pinion shaft and the rotary drive shaft (transmitting the rotational driving force to the outside of the internal combustion engine) in consideration of the rotational direction of each pinion in each stroke of the piston, Between the pinions and the free mechanism between the pinion shafts. The role of each pinion is divided into two groups, and the pinion of one group connects the pinion and the pinion shaft only when the piston moves from the top dead center to the bottom dead center. In a cycle engine, the downward stroke is generally referred to as the expansion stroke.) At the time of this, the force that pushes down the piston causes these pinion shafts to rotate through the rack and pinion, and the rotation of these pinion shafts becomes the rotation drive shaft. Make the rotary motion in the desired direction, and in other strokes, make these pinion shafts rotate with the rotary drive force of the rotary drive shaft using the inertia force of the flywheel, etc., and further rotate these pinion shafts The movement is structured so that the piston performs a linear movement from top dead center to bottom dead center through the pinion and the rack. The nonion connects the pinion and the pinion shaft only when the piston moves from the bottom dead center to the top dead center, and makes these pinion shafts rotate by the rotational drive force of the rotary drive shaft using inertia force such as a flywheel. An internal combustion engine that converts the rotational motion of these pinion shafts into a linear motion from bottom dead center to top dead center through the pinion and rack to the piston and converts the reciprocating motion of the piston and the rotational motion of the rotary drive shaft to each other. do it. A specific example of a structure using the above basic principle will be described below.

[Procedure amendment 4]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0005

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

In an internal combustion engine utilizing the reciprocating motion of a piston, instead of a crank mechanism, two racks of the same shape which reciprocate in conjunction with the reciprocating motion of the piston are provided facing each other on the skirt side of the piston. 2
Pinions having the same shape are engaged with the strip racks, and the pinion axes are provided so as to be parallel to each other. (In this mechanism, the two pinions rotate in accordance with the reciprocating motion of the piston, but one pinion always rotates in the opposite direction to the other pinion.) Further, one pinion has the piston The pinion and the pinion shaft are connected only when moving from top dead center to the bottom dead center, and the other pinion is connected so that the pinion and the pinion shaft are connected only when the piston moves from bottom dead center to top dead center. A free mechanism is interposed between the shafts.Gears of the same shape with the pinion shaft as the gear shaft are attached to each pinion shaft separately from the above-mentioned pinion, and both gears contact each other. The gears attached to the rotary drive shaft (meaning the shaft of the gear that transmits the rotational drive force to the outside of the internal combustion engine; the same applies hereinafter) A structure for converting the piston reciprocating motion and the rotary motion of the rotary drive shaft to each other through a simple structure if the basic structure can be implemented as an internal combustion engine.
In this mechanism, the piston rotates leftward when moving from top dead center to bottom dead center during an expansion stroke (an expansion stroke in a four-stroke engine, a downward stroke in a two-stroke engine, but is generally referred to as an expansion stroke). When the pinion and the pinion shaft are connected by a free mechanism, the pinion shaft and the gear connected to the pinion shaft also rotate counterclockwise, and generate a right rotation motion on the rotary drive shaft through the gear attached to the rotary drive shaft. At this time, the other pinion performs the opposite clockwise movement and the pinion shaft performs the counterclockwise rotation.However, since the pinion and the pinion shaft are not connected by the free mechanism, the rotation of the rotation drive shaft does not interfere with the clockwise rotation. Do not give. When the piston is moved from the top dead center to the bottom dead center by the rotational drive force of the rotary drive shaft using the inertia force of the flywheel or the like in other strokes other than the expansion stroke, the force transmission order is different from the above. It just reverses. Also, in order to move the piston from the bottom dead center to the top dead center, it is necessary to generate an ascending linear motion on the piston with the rotational drive force of the rotary drive shaft utilizing the inertia force of the flywheel. The pinion connected to the hour pinion shaft is the other pinion described above, and this pinion obtains left rotational movement from the rotational driving force of the rotary drive shaft, but the left rotational movement of this pinion rises linearly through the rack to the piston. Will be generated. By repeating the above, an internal combustion engine that converts the reciprocating motion of the piston and the rotational motion of the rotary drive shaft into each other can be obtained.

[Procedure amendment 5]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0006

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

In this mechanism, the rack has a structure in which the rack reciprocates. Therefore, two pistons are paired and their skirt sides are connected by a connecting rod, and the rack is provided on the connecting rod to provide the two racks. With the structure shared by the pistons, the force of the expansion stroke of one piston can be directly used as the driving force required for the other stroke of the other piston, so that a very efficient internal combustion engine can be provided. . As a method, two pistons are paired, and the skirt side of one piston and the skirt side of the other piston are connected by a connecting rod,
Two racks of the same shape are provided on the connecting rod so as to face each other, pinions of the same shape are engaged with the two racks, and the pinion shafts are provided so as to be parallel to each other. Furthermore, one pinion is connected to the pinion shaft only when one piston goes from top dead center to bottom dead center (the other piston goes from bottom dead center to top dead center). A free mechanism is provided between each pinion and each pinion shaft so that the pinion and the pinion shaft are connected only when the piston moves from bottom dead center to top dead center (the other piston moves from top dead center to bottom dead center). In addition, each pinion shaft, separately from the above-mentioned pinion, separately attached gears of the same shape with the pinion shaft as a gear shaft, and both gears are attached to the rotary drive shaft so that both gears do not contact each other. The internal combustion engine converts the reciprocating motion of the piston and the rotational motion of the rotary drive shaft into each other by meshing with the mounted gears.

[Procedure amendment 6]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0007

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

In the above specific example, the number of racks is two, but the number of racks may be an appropriate number. For example, the number of racks may be one, and in this case, an appropriate number of racks are provided on the same rack at appropriate intervals. (At least two are required), and a mechanism is provided so that each pinion shaft is divided into one that rotates in the same direction as the rotary drive shaft and one that rotates in the opposite direction to the rotary drive shaft. What is necessary is just to make the free mechanisms between the two groups of pinions and the pinion shafts function alternately and appropriately for each group. (A variety of methods are conceivable as a method of providing the pinion shaft with a function different in the direction of rotation from the rotary drive shaft rotating in the same direction. One example is that the pinion shaft of one group is a gear provided on the pinion shaft. Is directly meshed with the gear of the rotary drive shaft, and the other group of pinion shafts is made possible by meshing the gear provided on the pinion shaft with another gear meshed with the gear of the rotary drive shaft.) In the above description, the free mechanism provided in the motion transmitting mechanism between the piston and the rotary drive shaft is provided between the pinion and the pinion shaft, but instead of interposing the free mechanism between the pinion and the pinion shaft, the free mechanism is mounted on each pinion shaft. A free mechanism with the same effect as above is interposed between the gear and its pinion shaft, or the gear attached to the pinion shaft is not a pinion shaft. Attach to a unique gear shaft provided in the direction of the pinion shaft, and connect each pinion shaft and each gear shaft in the direction of the pinion shaft with a shaft joint having a free mechanism having the same effect as above, or to obtain the same effect as above. There is a method using a missing tooth pinion to provide a free mechanism.

[Procedure amendment 7]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0016

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

(3) In the above (1) and (2), a similar effect can be obtained between the gears mounted on each pinion shaft and the pinion shaft instead of interposing a free mechanism between the pinion and the pinion shaft. Free mechanisms are interposed. Alternatively, instead of attaching the gear attached to each pinion shaft to its own gear shaft provided in the direction of the pinion shaft instead of the pinion shaft, instead of interposing a free mechanism between the pinion shafts, each pinion shaft and its pinion shaft Each of the gear shafts in the direction is connected by a shaft coupling having a free mechanism having the same effect. Alternatively, instead of interposing a free mechanism between the pinion and the pinion shaft, the pinion may be replaced with a toothless pinion to have the same free function effect.

[Procedure amendment 8]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0039

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

The rack 62 and the rack 6 provided on the sliding body 59
A projection 64 and a projection 65 are provided on the surface of the sliding body 59 in the direction perpendicular to the direction 3. Each projection (projection 64, projection 65) has a structure that engages with a groove provided in a main body (engine block or the like) of the internal combustion engine, and when the sliding body 59 reciprocates in accordance with the reciprocation of the piston 58. In addition, a structure in which the groove and the projection portion slide smoothly is provided. With this structure, the sliding body 59 can reciprocate exactly in accordance with the reciprocating motion of the piston without blurring. The same effect can also be obtained by providing a structure in which a projection is provided on the main body (engine block or the like) of the internal combustion engine and a groove is provided on the sliding body 59.

[Procedure amendment 9]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0040

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[0040]

The embodiment of the present invention has the above structure,
Since the expansion force in the expansion stroke of the internal combustion engine can be taken out as a rotational driving force in the same direction from the gear shaft through the piston, the rack and the pinion mechanism more efficiently than before, the application of the present invention makes it possible to obtain a more efficient internal combustion than before. Can manufacture engines. For example, when this mechanism is incorporated in an internal combustion engine of a vehicle, the driving torque per displacement can be greatly improved as compared with the conventional one, so that the displacement per vehicle weight can be made smaller than before and the vehicle can be more fuel-efficient. In addition, since the rotational driving force is obtained from the gear shaft almost in proportion to the pressure applied to the piston during the expansion stroke, it is possible to realize a highly responsive vehicle that responds sensitively to the movement of the accelerator. Also, if this mechanism is incorporated into the internal combustion engines of automobiles around the world, it will also save enormous petroleum resources.

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] November 13, 1998

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] Brief description of drawings

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view (image) of a main mechanism of a single cylinder internal combustion engine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view (image) of a main mechanism portion of an embodiment of a two-cylinder opposed piston type internal combustion engine according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view (image diagram) of an embodiment relating to a free mechanism of a pinion and a pinion shaft, and does not show the unevenness of the teeth of the pinion.

FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view (image diagram) of the pinion mechanism shown in FIG. 3 as viewed in the direction of the arrows at 35... 35 ′, and the roller 30 in FIG. 3 and the unevenness of the pinion teeth are not shown.

FIG. 5 is an in-line two-cylinder internal combustion engine according to the present invention, which has a structure capable of withstanding the inertial force of the piston at the top dead center and the bottom dead center, and accurately inhales and exhausts the timing at the top dead center and the bottom dead center. FIG. 4 is a perspective view (image) of a main mechanism portion of an embodiment in which a crank mechanism is incorporated only in a power source for driving a camshaft for driving a valve and the like.

FIG. 6 illustrates a method of reducing the height of the internal combustion engine by changing the mounting method of the crank mechanism in the embodiment in FIG. 5, and a protrusion provided on the sliding body, which is omitted in FIG. It is an image figure of a front view (partial sectional view) and a side view of a piston, a sliding body, and a crank mechanism.

[Explanation of symbols]

FIG. 1 1 piston 2 sliding body 3 hollow 4 rack 5 rack 6 pinion 7 pinion 8 pinion shaft 9 pinion shaft 10 gear 11 gear 12 gear 13 flywheel

FIG. 2 14 piston 15 piston 16 rack 17 rack 18 pinion 19 pinion 20 pinion shaft 21 pinion shaft 22 gear 23 gear 24 gear 25 flywheel

FIG. 3 and

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of 26 pinion 27 pinion shaft 28 cam 29 gradually changing gap 30 roller 31 hollow 32 hollow 33 hollow 34 hollow 35... 35 ′ in FIG. 3 in FIG.

FIG. 5 shows a piston 36, a piston 38, a sliding body 39, a sliding body 40, a crank mechanism 41, a crank mechanism 42, a crankshaft 43, a flywheel 44, a rack 45, a rack 46, a rack 47, a rack 48, a pinion 49, a pinion 50, a pinion 51, a pinion 52, a pinion shaft 53, a pinion shaft 54, and a gear. 55 gear 56 gear 57 flywheel

FIG. 6: 58 piston 59 sliding body 60 pin mechanism 61 crank mechanism 62 rack 63 rack 64 projecting portion 65 projecting portion

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI F16H 19/04 F16H 19/04 J

Claims (8)

[Claims] In an internal combustion engine utilizing reciprocating motion of a piston, two racks of the same shape which reciprocate in conjunction with the reciprocating motion of the piston are provided facing each other on the skirt side of the piston. The pinions having the same shape are engaged with the racks, and the pinion axes are provided so as to be parallel to each other. (In this mechanism, the two pinions rotate in accordance with the reciprocating motion of the piston, but one pinion always rotates in the opposite direction to the other pinion.) Further, one pinion has the piston The pinion and the pinion shaft are connected only when going from top dead center to bottom dead center.
On the other pinion, a free mechanism is interposed between each pinion and the pinion shaft so that the pinion and the pinion shaft are connected only when the piston moves from the bottom dead center to the top dead center. Separately from the pinion, a gear of the same shape with the pinion shaft as a gear shaft is attached to each, and both of the gears are rotationally driven shafts (gears that transmit rotational driving force to the outside of the internal combustion engine so that the two gears do not contact each other. An internal combustion engine that converts the reciprocating motion of the piston and the rotational motion of the rotary drive shaft into and out of each other by meshing with the gears mounted on the 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein two pistons are paired and the skirt side of one piston and the skirt side of the other piston are connected by a connecting rod. Two racks of the same shape are provided facing each other, pinions of the same shape are engaged with the two racks, and the pinion axes are provided so as to be parallel to each other. further,
One pinion is connected to the pinion shaft only when one piston goes from top dead center to bottom dead center (the other piston goes from bottom dead center to top dead center), and the other pinion is connected to one piston A free mechanism is interposed between each pinion and the pinion shaft so that the pinion and the pinion shaft are connected only when the pinion moves from bottom dead center to top dead center (the other piston moves from top dead center to bottom dead center). In addition, a gear having the same shape with the pinion shaft as a gear shaft is attached to each pinion shaft separately from the above-described pinion, and both gears are attached to a rotary drive shaft so that both gears do not contact each other. Internal combustion engine that reciprocates between the reciprocating motion of the piston and the rotational motion of the rotary drive shaft by meshing with each other 3. A piston and a rotary drive shaft between a gear attached to each pinion shaft and each of the pinion shafts, instead of interposing a free mechanism between the pinion and the pinion shaft. An internal combustion engine that converts reciprocating motion of a piston and rotational motion of a rotary drive shaft into each other by interposing a free mechanism having the same effect as in the above-described claim 1 and claim 2 in transmitting the motion of the piston. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the gears mounted on each pinion shaft are mounted not on the pinion shaft but on a unique gear shaft provided in the direction of the pinion shaft, respectively, and a free space is provided between the pinion shafts. Instead of interposing a mechanism, each pinion shaft and each of the gear shafts in the direction of the pinion shaft have a free mechanism having the same effect as that of the first and second aspects in the movement transmission between the piston and the rotary drive shaft. Internal combustion engines that are connected by shaft couplings and convert the reciprocating motion of the piston and the rotational motion of the rotary drive shaft to each other 5. In each of the first and second aspects, instead of interposing a free mechanism between the pinion and the pinion shaft, each of the pinions is transmitted in motion between the piston and the rotary drive shaft. Internal combustion engine that converts a reciprocating motion of a piston and a rotary motion of a rotary drive shaft into a toothless pinion having an effect similar to that of the free mechanism 2 6. In claim 1 and claim 2, instead of interposing a free mechanism between the pinion and the pinion shaft, a gear connected to each pinion shaft is used for transmitting the motion between the piston and the rotary drive shaft. An internal combustion engine comprising a toothless gear having the same effect as the free mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reciprocating motion of the piston and the rotational motion of the rotary drive shaft are mutually converted. 7. In order to utilize the basic principle of claim 1 or 2, a piston, a rack, a pinion with a free mechanism interposed, a gear with a free mechanism interposed, a shaft coupling with a free mechanism interposed or An internal combustion engine which is appropriately provided with a toothless pinion or a toothless gear and converts between reciprocating motion of a piston and rotational motion of a rotary drive shaft. 8. Other engines such as a steam engine utilizing the basic principle of claim 1, claim 2, claim 3, claim 4, claim 5, claim 6, or claim 7.