WO2011012139A1

WO2011012139A1 - A mechanical machine operated by compressed air and generates rotary motion

Info

Publication number: WO2011012139A1
Application number: PCT/EG2010/000030
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ahmed Elshahat Ahmed Elshahat Hikal
Original assignee: Ahmed Elshahat Ahmed Elshahat Hikal
Priority date: 2009-07-26
Filing date: 2010-07-19
Publication date: 2011-02-03

Abstract

This invention relates to a mechanical machine operated by compressed air that generates rotary motion. It can consist of two or four pistons work with an assembly and they move in one direction by means of ratchet wheel or any other method. And groups of gears which are fixed in two main parallel shafts (11,12). The shaft always rotates on the same direction to whether the two pistons (34,35) move together backward or forward or oppositely or one of them stops and the other moves backward or forward. The new designed may be utilized to generate power of sea waves, winds, tide and road humps.

Description

A mechanical Machine Operated by Compressed Air and Generates Rotary Motion

Technical Field;

A mechanical Machine

This invention can be utilized :

1 - to produce friendly environment vehicles .

2- equipment installed undersea .

3- power generators in closed areas .

4- to generate hydropower of sea waves and to improve current

stations of wind power , and to generate power from road

pumps , ships and trains .

Background Art :

There are three types of compressed air engines

1. Aerodynamic engines , which are operted by blades and used

only with light rotary machines .

2. Engines operated by pistons with an assembly of ratchet wheel (Gardner engine) . These types of engines generate movement only during the forward stroke .

3. Cylindrical engines , such as those used with aero vehicles made by India , and the applications of each are determind according to the specific fields .

Problem or feficiency with prior art:

The aspects of deficiency with the prior art are specified as follows ;

1. not aerodynamic engines consume huge_^ amounts of compressed air , while do not generate high pressure . For this reason they are used only with light rotary machines with weak loads ;

2. The pistons of ratchet wheel enignes generate movement only during the forward stroke , while become an overload during backward stroke, therefore they do not utilize the whole input energy ; and 3. A wind of cylindrical engines consists of four strokes, which is subtantially air-consuming .

New Aspects of the invention:

The engine of the present invention differs in four essential points :

1. It generates movement during the piston back - and forth motion, consequently does not cause any overloads .

2. The engine yields continues movement , i.e. upon forward stroke a working piston is ended , the movement is automatically transferred to the other piston , therefore no air is wasted .

3. s is designee can be used without the pistons to generate electrical power of sea waves , winds regardless to their directions , and road pumps (see drawing , 25 , 26 and 27)

4. The machine can be used with undersea equipment without any buffers .

Disclosure of Invention:

Composition of machine

The machine of the invention consists of two separate resources for storing compressed air (two tanks) 1 & 2 drawing 1. Sandwiched between them a device for balancing pressure 3 . Each resource has a regulatory for air exit , and they both are arranged parallel 4 & 5 . Each resource feed a compressor through a spring cock , and both of them 8 & 9 are fixed together by one tie see 6 . Upon receiving the compressed air , the pistons start operating with a straight forward movement 10. This mechanical part consists of two parallel shafts 1 1 & 12 drawing 2 , where the two pistons 34 & 35 are arranged in the space between them . On each of the shafts two rotation means are fixed , and unlike the ratchet wheel 13 , 14 , 15 & 16 they move only on one direction , i.e. the downward shaft can be moved upwardly and vice versa . At the end of each shaft , similar gears 17 & 18 are fixed and mounted between them an output gear 19 to transfer movement from the engine to a gear box

Both pistons 34 & 35 drawing 2 . that operate between the shafts , have a front arm and rear arm (double acting) 28 & 29 drawing 2. At the end of the front arm and the rear arm a chassis is mounted 24 & 25 drawing 2 has a gear rack fixed on its top and bottom 20.21.22.23 drawing 2 to couple with the ratchet wheel fixed on the upper shaft 13 , 14 drawing 2 and the ratchet wheel fixed on the lower shaft 15 ,16 drawing 2 during the back - and forth movement .

On one side of the upper gear rack of each piston , a longitudinal cam 26.27 drawing 3 is arranged to organize the compressed air get into and out of valves 32 , 33 drawing 3 . Such valves are mounted beside the gear rack chassis and they deliver the movement to the engine according to the strokes of the pistons drawing 9

The valves arranged beside the right piston (R) operate the left piston (L) drawing 12 and the valves arranged beside the left piston operate the right piston drawing 1 1 . The operation method is carried out as follow :

1. Valves 2 , 3 , feed the right piston , where valve 2 feeds

chamber 2 and valve 3 feeds chamber 4 of strokes 2 & 4 drawing 1 1 .

2. Valves 1 & 4 discharges air from the opposite of the working

right piston , where valve 1 discharges chamber 4 and valve 4 discharges chamber 2 of strokes 2 & 4 drawing 1 1 .

3. Valves 6 & 7 feed the left piston , where valve 6 feeds chamber

1 of left piston and valve 7 feeds chamber 3 of left piston strokes 1 & 3 drawing 12 .

4. Valves 5 & 8 discharge air from the opposite side of the

working left piston , where valves 5 discharges chamber 3 and valve 8 discharges chamber 1 of strokes 1 & 3 drawing 12 .

When there is a vibration at the time of operation , valves are installed to separate the compressed air from the working piston at the end , not at the beginning , of its movement and the beginning of the other piston's movement . These additional valves are installed behind or beside the discharge valves to work together at the same moment of the end movement of the working valves and in the presence of the system adopted : valves No. ^'1 , 4 , 5 , 8 .

Its installation and connection methods are shown according to Plate 21 .

The out put gear 19 drawing 2 always rotates on the same direction whether the two pistons move together backward , forward or oppositely or one of them stops and the other moves backward or backward drawing 5 .

The new machine characterized in that it provides back-and forth movement

. There are three different constructions for the machine .

The gear rack fixed on the both pistons 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 fig 1 drawing

6 is arranged between the two shafts to couple with the ratchet wheel 13 , 15 , 14 , 16 from inside fig 1 drawing 6 as previously explained in drawing 4 .

A modified toothed gear rack at the bottom is fixed on both pistons 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 fig 2 drawing 6 outside the shafts to couple with the ratchet wheel 13 , 15 , 14 , 16 from outside fig 2 drawing 6 .

3. The gear rack 20 , 21 fig 3 drawing 6 fixed on one of the

pistons between the two shafts to couple with the upper and ratchet wheels 13.15 from inside fig 3 drawing 6 . Arranging the other rack gear after replacing the teeth , from up to down ^' 22 , 23 fig 3 drawing 6 , on the other piston outside the shafts from up to down to couple with ratchet wheel from out side 14 , 16 fig 3 drawing 6 .

Another way to arrange rack gear beside the pistons to increase the number of the ratchet wheels to match with the number of rack gears according to drawing 7 :

1. Arranging the rack gear fixed beside the two pistons chassis D 20 ,

21 , 22 , 23 R & L between the two shafts to couple with the ratchet wheels D 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 R & L from inside drawing 7 .

2. Arranging the rack gear fixed beside the two pistons D 20 , 21 , 22 ,

23 R & L outside the shafts after modifying the tooth of the gear rack to suit coupling with ratchet wheels D 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 R & L from outside fig 5 drawing 8 .

Arranging the rack gear fixed beside one of the pistons D 20 , 21 R & L between the two shafts to couple with the ratchet D 13 , 15 R & L from inside and the rack gear is fixed beside the other piston D 22 , 23 R & L outside the shafts , after modifying the rack gear teeth to suit the coupling with the ratchet wheel D 14 , 16 R , L from outside Fig 6 drawing 8 .

In other aspect , a movable rack gear with inclined teeth 36 , 37 drawing 22 is operated with a lock 38 , 39 through a small piston 40 , 41 as a substitute to the ratchet wheel , that is replaced with fixed gears on the shafts with inclined teeth 43 , 44 that couple with the rack gears at the top and bottom during the back-and forth movement . This system is applied with heavy loads . Therefore , it has different feed and discharge system to connect the valves with the pistons drawing 23 .

The machine could be used to generate power by converting the random motion into regular one moves in one direction drawing 24 , through removing the pistons and using single up and down ratchet wheel in two ways : First : removing the pistons and using single up and down ratchet wheel 14 , 16 drawing 25 and moving the rack gear 22 , 23 , drawing 25 by a gear linked to shaft 45 drawing 25 that takes its movement from any random movement and converting it to regular unidirectional movement via output gear 19 drawing 25 .

Second : removing the pistons and using single up and down ratchet wheel 14 , 16 drawing 26 and replacing the up and down rack gear with to equal gears 46 , 47 drawing 26 . They are connected together with the up and down ratchet wheel . One of the two gears as an input movement gear 46 drawing 26 to utilize the rotary motion either to the left or to the right converting so to a rotary motion that operates the output gear 19 drawing 26 always on the same direction . The way is used to generate power from the see waves 50 Fig 7 drawing 28 , even if the water level decreased or increased 51 Fig 8 drawing 28 . In addition to improving the efficiency of wind miles drawing 27 .

Operation Method of the Machine :

When operation paddle 7 (drawing 1) is pressed , two spring cock 8 , 9 for compressed air are opened . Each spring cock has separate resource for air supply 1 , 2 . The air is supplied to any of the two pistons according to the sequences of strokes drawing 9. The spring cock is opened to start the next stroke of one piston and then closes the valves to start the other piston (via longitudinal cams 26 , 27 fixed on the pistons drawing 2) .

The longitudinal cam has two functions :

1 - At the beginning of the working piston stroke , it elevates the pressure of the two valves which was operating the last stroke (it closes the valves) of the other piston see drawing 3 .

2- At the end of the working piston stroke , it presses the two valves which operating the next stroke to maintain the movement (it opens the valves) of the other piston see drawing 3 .

Two sources of air are provided due to the fact that the operated piston is effected upon feeding air for the next stroke coming from the other piston . It should be noted that the pistons move reciprocally , i.e. the left piston (L) moves downwardly , The L upwardly , and then R downwardly drawing 9 .

Prevents occurrence of double strokes from the same piston for two reasons : - the stopping piston should maintain compressed air to press operating valves of the working piston .

- to facilitate the second piston stroke because the compressed air

valves is opened before the end of the first piston ends its stroke , but the second piston is standstill until the first piston starts when the compressed air valve is opened in a very smooth movement , therefore the reciprocal movement seems natural.

It is noted that , The feed valve 2,3,6,7 drawing 3 latter starts work before discharge valve 1,4,5,8 because the first rod of the cam 31 drawing 3 is longer than the last rod 30 drawing 3 , consequently the displacement of the feed valve comes first to the discharge valve .

Before illustrating how the machine works , first a guide to the motion of the strokes is needed , the left piston (L) moves downwardly according to the first stroke then the right piston (R) moves upwardly according to the second stroke then the left piston (L) moves upwardly according to the third stroke then the right piston (R) moves downwardly according to the forth stroke see drawing 9

1. When the Left pistons starts moving Downwardly according to stroke (1 ) it elevates pressure V(3) and V(4) which was operated the last stroke(4) Right piston(it closes the valves) the valve (3) was feeds compressed air to the last stroke (4) in chamber (4) and the valve (4) was discharges stored air on the opposite side of the last stroke (4) in chamber (2). see drawing (13) .

2. And when the Left piston ends Downwardly movement according to stroke (1) it presses V (2) and V (1) which operate the next stroke(2) (it opens the valves ) , first it presses V (2) which feeds compressed air to next stroke (2) in chamber (2) of the Right piston . then it presses V(I) which opens air outlet of next stroke (2) on the opposite side in chamber (4) of the Right piston , So the Right piston smoothly moves Upwardly according stroke (2). see drawing (14)

3. Then the Right piston starts moving Upwardly according to stroke (2) it elevates pressure V(5) and V (6) which was operated the last stroke ( 1 ) left piston (it closes the valves) . the valve (6) was feeds compressed air to the last stroke (1) in chamber (1) in left piston and the valve (5) was discharges stored air on the opposite side of the last stroke (1) in chamber (3) . see drawing (15) .

4. And when the Right piston ends Upwardly movement according to stroke (2) it presses V(7) and V(8) which operate the next stroke (3) (it opens the valves) first , it presses V(7) which feeds compressed air to next stroke (3) in chamber (3) of the Left pistons . then it presses V (8) which opens air outlet of next stroke (3) on the opposite side in chamber (1) of the Left piston , So the Left piston smoothly moves Upwardly according stroke (3) .see drawing (16)

5. Then the Left piston starts moving Upwardly according to stroke (3) it elevates pressure V (I) and V (2) which operate the last stroke (2) right piston (it closes the valves) . The valve (2) was feeds compressed air to the last stroke (2) in chamber (2) and the valve ( 1) was discharges stored air on the opposite side of the last stroke (2) in chamber (4). see drawing ( 17)

6. And when the Left piston ends Upwardly movement according to stroke (3) it presses V(3) and V(4) which operate the next stroke

(4) (it opens the valves) first it presses V(3) which feeds compressed air to next stroke (4) in chamber (4) of the Right piston . then it presses V(4) which opens air outlet of next stroke (4) on the opposite side in chamber (2)of the Right piston, So the Right piston smoothly moves Downwardly according stroke (4) . see drawing (18) .

7. Then the Right piston starts moving Downwardly according to stroke (4) it elevates pressure V(7) and V(8) which operate the last stroke (3)left piston (it closes the valves) . The valve (7) was feeds compressed air to the last stroke (3) in chamber (3) and the valve (8) was discharges stored air on the opposite side of the last stroke (3) in chamber ( 1 ) . see drawing (19) .

8. And when the Right piston ends Downwardly movement according to stroke (4) it presses V(5) and V(6) which operate the next stroke (1) (it opens the valves) first , it presses V(6) which feeds compressed air to next stroke (1) in chamber (1) of the Left piston .

then it presses V (5) which opens air outlet of next stroke (1) on the opposite side in chamber (3) of the Left piston , So the Left piston smoothly moves Downwardly according stroke (1). see drawing (20) .

To sum up , the machine works according to the strokes 1 , 2 , 3 then 4 from the left piston to the right piston as shown in drawing 9 .

If a vibration occurred when the machine works , an additional valves ϊ , 4 , 5 & 8 , drawing 21 , are arranged to cut off the air feeding the operated piston upon the end of the stroke , not at the beginning of the other . Brief description of the drawings :

Drawing 1: General scheme to the engine with detailed description of the accessory parts .

Drawing 2: stereo figure shows the method the ratchet wheel and gears on movement shafts and the arrangement of the toothed gears on the chassis of the piston arms .

Drawing 3: stereo figure of the machine with a vertical section shows how the cam opens and closes the valves at the started and end of pistons strokes

Drawing 4 : scheme shows the method of arranging the toothed gear beside the piston anduse of both upper and lower ratchet wheel .

Drawing 5 : scheme shows the machine movement .

Drawing 6 : scheme of different engines structures upon the upper and lower rack gears are arranged .

Drawing 7 : scheme shows two methods to composite after arranging the rack gear beside the pistons .

Drawing 8: scheme shows figures of the machine after arranging the tack gear besid the piston .

Drawing 9 : shows the arrangement of the pistons movement tracks .

Drawing 10: scheme shows the way of connecting the inputs and outputs of the pistons with the chambers and air stores .

Drawing 11 : scheme shows connecting the inlets and outlets of the right piston to the chambers of the left comperessor .

Drawing 12: scheme shows connecting the inlets and outlets of the left piston to the chambers of the piston .

Drawing 13 : scheme shows the start of the first stroke from the left piston in downward direction to elevate the pressure of operation valves of last stroke 4 . Number 3 and 4 . (it closes the valves)

Drawing 14 : scheme shows the end of stroke 1 from the left piston to press operation valves of next stroke 2 . Number 2 and 1 . (it opens the valves)

Drawing 15 : scheme shows the start of the stroke 2 from the right piston in upward direction to elevate the pressure of operation valves of last stroke 1.

Number 6 and 5 . ( it closes the valves )

Drawing 16 : scheme shows the end of stroke 2 from the right piston to press operation valves of next stroke 3 . Number 7 and 8 . ( it opens the valves )

Drawing 17 : scheme shows the start of the third sroke from the left piston in upward direction to elevate the pressure of operation valves of last stroke

2 . Number 2 and 1. ( it closes the valves ) Drawing 18 scheme shows the end of stroke 3 from the left piston to press operation valves of next stroke 4 Number 3 and 4 . ( it opens the valves )

Drawing 19 scheme shows the start of the fourth stroke from the right piston in downward direction to elevate the pressure of opposite valves of last stroke 3 Number 7 and 8 . ( it closes the valves )

Drawing 20 scheme shows the end of stroke 4 from the right piston to press operation valves of next stroke 1 Number 6 and 5 . ( it opens the valves )

Drawing 21 scheme shows a method for dealing with a shock that may occur when the machine to work .

Drawing 22 scheme shows in details how the toothed gear between the two gears fixed on the shafts which work instead of the ratchet wheel .

Drawing 23 scheme shows the valves connected to the pistons chambers in case of free toothed gear .

Drawing 24 scheme shows the advantage of applying the new system over the old system that utilizes the wave to generate power .

Drawing 25 scheme shows in details how the new mechanical structure is installed to generate power of the sea waves .

Drawing 26 scheme shows a structure of the system that is compatible with the movement of sea waves and tide for the purpose of generating power .

Drawing 27 scheme shows a method to utilizes the machine to improve the wind miles

Drawing 28 scheme shows the way of utilizes the novel system to generate power from sea waves and tide .

Claims

1- Mechanical machine generates a rotary motion by pistons that are operated by compressed air . The machine consists of tow parallel shafts 1 1 & 12 . On each shaft , two rotation means are mounted on the same direction as the ratchet wheel 13 , 14 , 15 & 16 . All ratchet wheels on the shafts move on the same direction , i.e the shaft can move upwardly and downwardly and vise versa . At the end of both shafts two gears 17 & 18 are fixed , and a mediated gear is inserted between them to convey movement , that is the out put gear 19 . Two pistons 34 , 35 are arranged between the two shafts . Each piston has front and rear arms ( double acting ) 28 , 29 . Two chassis are fixed on the arms 24 & 25 . Two toothed gears 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 are fixed on the top and bottom of the chassis to couple the ratchet wheels 13 , 14 , 15 & 16 during the back-and-forth stroke . Beside each piston , a longitudinal cam 26 , 27 is fixed on the pistons arms chassis to control the ingress and egress of compressed air 32 & 33 according to the sequence of the strokes drawing 2 , 3 & 4 .

The exit gear 19 always rotates on the same direction to whether the two pistons move together backward , forward or oppositely or one of them stops and the other moves backward or forward .

2- A method to composite the mechanical machine according to claim 1

, includes mounting two toothed gears at the top and bottom of the pistons outside the ratchet wheel Fig 2 drawing 6 .

3- A method to composite the mechanical machine according to claim 1

, includes sandwiching two toothed gears of frist piston between the upper and lower ratchet wheels from inside and two toothed gears of second piston from outside the upper and lower ratchet wheels from outside Fig 3 drawing 6 .

4- A method to composite the mechanical machine according to claim 1

, includes fixing a toothed gear beside the pistons , where a rack gear is sandwiched between the two shafts to couple with ratchet wheel from the inside drawing 7 .

5- A method to composite the mechanical machine according to claim 1

, includes arranging a rack gear fixed beside the pistons outside the two shafts to couple the ratchet wheel from outside Fig 5 drawing 8

6. A method to composite the mechanical machine according to claim 1 , includes arranging a rack gear fixed beside the pistons , where the rack gear of the first piston arranged between the shafts couples with the ratchet wheel from inside and the rack gear of the other piston arranged outside the shafts , couples with the ratchet wheel from outside Fig 6 drawing 8 .

7. A method to composite the mechanical machine according to claim 1

, includes replacing the sole directional motion of ratchet wheel with inclined fixed toothed gears 43 & 44 mouted on the two shafts , and mounting movable toothed gears 36 & 37 instead of the fixed ones to function as the ratchet wheel drawing 22 . This is the feed and discharge system drawing 23 .

8. A method to generate electrical power from the machine according to

claim 1 , includes removing the piston and using an upper and alower rack gear 22 & 23 by a gear or motion arms 45 . The out put gear 19 always moves on the same direction drawing 25 regardless to the movement direction .

9. A method to generate electrical power from the machine according to claim 1 , includes removing the piston and using upper and lower ratchet wheels 14 & 16 . The toothed gears 22 & 23 that operate between the ratchet wheels 14 & 16 are replaced with two gears 46 & 47 connected together and with the upper and lower ratchet wheels . One of the two gears is operated by an input movement gear 46 and the out put gear 19 always moves on the same direction drawing 26 regardless to the movement direction .

10. The valves motion system , includes operating elements 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 & 6 .It depends on two basic motions ; at the beginning of its stroke , the piston closes the valves that oprates the previous last stroke of the first piston . At the end of its stroke , the piston opens the valves to operate the next stroke drawing 13 to 20 .

If a vibration occurred when the mchine starts , an additional valves , drawing 21 , are arranged to cut off the air feed the operated piston upon the end of the stroke , not at the beginning of the other .