JPH1114913A - Telescope using concave spherical reflector as 1st surface - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a telescope which has a large diameter by lowering the cost and increasing the precision by using the concave spherical reflector as the 1st surface of a reflection type telescope, constituting the reflection type telescope on one side of the optical axis so that neither diffraction nor dimming is caused before incident luminance flux parallel to the optical axis reaches the composite focus position, and actualizing an image with high contrast. SOLUTION: The cost is lowered and the precision is increased by using the concave spherical reflector 1 which can be inspected precisely and polished easily. At the focus position 6 of the concave reflector 1 on the optical axis, the focus of a convex oblate spherical reflector 2 is put and thin luminous flux is used as the incident luminous flux parallel to the optical axis 7. The luminous flux is converged on the composite focus position 5 through a concave hyperbolic reflector 3 and a convex hyperbolic reflector 4. Aberrational corrections are made by >=3 reflectors. The sphericity of the 1st surface is applied to constitute the reflection type telescope on only one side of the optical axis 7 and the incident luminous flux parallel to the optical axis 7 is allowed to reach the composite focus position 5 without causing diffraction or dimming. Further, reflection type binoculars can be constituted by arranging two telescopes like this in parallel to each other.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a concave telescope having a maximum diameter of the first surface of a reflective telescope, which uses a spherical surface instead of an aspheric surface which is difficult to inspect and polish. It can be manufactured at low cost.
The use of reflectors above the surface enables altitude correction. In addition, it is possible to configure a large-diameter reflective telescope parallel to the optical axis by using only one side of the optical axis of the optical system by applying the fact that the concave reflector of the first surface is spherical. It is. In this case, the configuration is such that diffraction or dimming does not occur until the incident light beam parallel to the optical axis reaches the combined focal position, thereby realizing a high-contrast image. Furthermore, by arranging two reflective telescopes of the same specifications, which are configured on only one side of the optical axis, in parallel, a large-diameter reflective binocular telescope has been made possible.
It is about telescopes.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there are Newton type, Cassegrain type, Gregory type, Ritchie Clechan type, and Doll Carcam type in the reflection type telescopes which are practically used. It is. In addition, there are a Pressman-Camichel type and a Thief-Spiegler type using a spherical reflecting mirror on the first surface, but the former is not used because it is not practical, and the latter is oblique to the optical axis. Is practically impossible because only the incident light beam is used, and is hardly used. As described above, most of the conventional reflecting telescopes use an aspherical reflecting mirror on the first surface. Further, since the optical axis passes through the center of the mirror surface between the first surface and the second surface, the second surface and the metal fittings supporting the second surface block a part of the incident light beam, causing diffraction and light reduction to lower the contrast. This has an adverse effect on the image at the focal position. Also, there is no binocular telescope in which two reflection telescopes are arranged in parallel.

[0003]

Conventionally, the reflection type telescope uses an aspherical surface, which is difficult to inspect and grind, for the concave reflector of the first surface, so that the cost is extremely high for finishing with high precision. I was As for aberrations, one surface or two surfaces such as Newton's type using only the first surface reflecting mirror, Cassegrain type or Ritchie-Crechan type using two reflecting mirrors of the first and second surfaces, etc. In most cases, correction was performed. Further, in the conventional reflection type telescope, since the concave reflecting mirror on the first surface is a rotating aspherical surface such as a paraboloid or a hyperboloid which passes through the center of the surface perpendicularly to the optical axis and the rotation axis, the optical axis position is reduced. It is technically impossible to polish the glass while it is removed from the reflecting mirror surface. Therefore, a large-diameter reflective telescope configured so that diffraction and dimming do not occur by the second surface and the brackets supporting the second surface until the incident light beam parallel to the optical axis reaches the combined focal position is impossible. there were. The Pressman-Camichel type in which the first surface reflecting mirror has a spherical surface has extremely large coma aberration and has no practical use. In addition, the Thief-Spiegler type, which is configured so that diffraction and dimming do not occur by the second surface and the brackets supporting the second surface until the incident light beam reaches the combined focal position, only the incident light beam oblique to the optical axis is used. Is used, coma occurs on the entire surface of the image at the focal position, and is not practical. Conventionally, when two reflecting telescopes of the same specification are arranged in parallel and used as a binocular telescope, the optical axis is located at the center of the first surface. It was difficult to match.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention uses a low-cost spherical surface in place of a high-cost aspherical surface for a concave concave mirror on the first surface, so that a large-diameter reflective telescope can be manufactured at low cost. Moreover, high-precision products can be manufactured. Spherical reflectors can be inspected with sufficient precision even with a simple spherical center test such as Foucault test, compared to aspherical surfaces.A spherical surface with the same curvature in any part is suitable for mechanical polishing movement, from the center to the periphery Polishing is easier than an aspherical surface having a continuously changing curvature. Therefore, the inspection equipment can be simplified and the polishing time can be reduced. In addition, the larger the aperture and the smaller the aperture ratio, the more difficult it becomes to manufacture the aspherical surface and the greater the cost difference from the spherical surface. Further, the reflecting mirror of the second surface of the present invention uses a convex surface before the incident light beam converges to the focal position of the first surface, and uses a concave surface at a position where it diverges after the convergence. Then, depending on the positional relationship on the optical axis between the focal point of the first surface reflecting mirror and the focal point of the second surface reflecting mirror, the luminous flux reflected by the second surface is converged or diverged or parallel to the optical axis. It is possible to configure. For example,
When the focal point of the second surface is superimposed on the focal position of the first surface, the light flux becomes parallel to the optical axis. Then, advanced aberration correction can be performed by three or more reflecting mirrors. Furthermore, the present invention makes it possible to provide a reflection type telescope having a spherical first surface at a position away from the optical axis by applying a spherical surface having the same curvature regardless of position and size on one spherical surface. I made it. In this case, if an optical system is configured using a reflecting mirror having a size that can be relatively easily polished even if it is an aspheric surface below the second surface, when a telescope is formed only on one side of the optical axis, , It is possible to cut out the part and take it out. Thereby, the second light beam is reflected by the first surface located at a position distant from the optical axis and reaches the combined focal position on the optical axis.
It has become possible to configure an optical system so that diffraction and dimming do not occur due to a reflector below the surface or its supporting bracket. Therefore, it is possible to provide a reflection telescope that does not adversely affect the image at the focal position, such as lowering the contrast. Further, the present invention arranges two reflection telescopes of the same specification, which are constituted only on one side of the optical axis, side by side, and
The reflective binocular telescope is made possible by arranging the reflecting mirrors on the outside with the optical axis position inside, making the optical axes parallel to each other, and adjusting the optical axis interval to the eye interval. did. Since the conventional reflecting telescope has an optical axis at the center of the first surface, if the aperture becomes larger than a certain size, the two reflecting telescopes of the same specification will have a larger distance between the parallel optical axes than the distance between the eyes. It was too difficult to construct a reflective binocular telescope. On the other hand, in the case of the present invention, the first
Since the distance between the optical axes can be adjusted to the distance between the eyes regardless of the size of the surface, a larger-diameter reflective binocular telescope has been made possible.

[0005]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention uses a concave spherical surface, which is easy to manufacture, as the reflecting mirror on the first surface of the telescope to reduce the cost and further increase the accuracy. This is a telescope in which the incident light beam is converged or diverged by the reflecting mirror on the first surface and the reflecting light beam on the second surface is converted into a thin light beam parallel or nearly parallel to the optical axis, and aberration correction is performed by three or more reflecting mirrors. Further, the present invention applies the fact that the optical system of this telescope has a spherical reflector on the first surface at a position away from the optical axis by applying that the reflective mirror on the first surface is a spherical surface. This is a reflection type telescope configured so that an incident light beam reaches a combined focal position without causing diffraction or dimming. The present invention is a reflection type binocular telescope in which two telescopes having the first surface reflector at positions away from the optical axis are arranged in parallel. An optical system and a telescope, in which an incident light beam is converted into a thin light beam parallel to the optical axis by a first surface reflecting mirror and a second surface reflecting mirror, and aberration correction is performed by four surface reflecting mirrors, will be described with reference to the drawings. The focal point of the convex spherical reflecting mirror 2 of the second surface is superimposed on the focal position 6 of the concave spherical reflecting mirror 1 of the first surface on the optical axis 7,
The incident light beam parallel to the optical axis 7 is converted into a thin light beam parallel to the optical axis 7 by the first surface and the second surface. Further, the light is converged to the combined focal position 5 by the concave hyperboloid reflecting mirror 3 on the third surface and the convex hyperboloid reflecting mirror 4 on the fourth surface. Further, the optical system is constituted by only one side of the optical axis 7, and the incident light beam parallel to the optical axis 7 is reflected by the concave spherical reflecting mirror 8 of the first surface located at a position distant from the optical axis 7. The reflection mirror 9 and the reflection mirror 10, which are cut for one side, are not affected by the support fittings and the like on the way through the reflection mirror 11, and therefore do not cause diffraction or dimming. It is a reflective telescope that is configured to reach. Then, a reflection type telescope having an optical axis 7 passing through the center of the first surface reflecting mirror 1 and the center of the reflecting mirror surface below the second surface reflecting mirror 2, and a first telescope having a first surface located at a position distant from the optical axis 7. Each of the optical axes 7 of the reflecting telescope having the concave spherical reflecting mirror 8 and the second convex convex spherical reflecting mirror 9 or less on the second surface cut for one side of the optical axis 7 are superimposed on one another, and the positional relationship between the optical axes 7 is determined. It is shown in a state viewed from the front. Further, two reflecting telescopes of the same specification, which are constituted only on one side of the optical axis 7 in this manner, are arranged in parallel, and the reflecting mirrors 8 on the first surface are outside and the optical axis 7 is inside. This is a reflection type binocular telescope configured according to the distance between eyes.

[0006]

As described above, by using a spherical surface for the first surface reflecting mirror, it is possible to produce a high-precision large-diameter reflecting telescope at low cost. Aberration can be highly corrected by using three or more reflecting mirrors. By applying this optical system, a spherical reflecting mirror on the first surface is provided on one side of the optical axis at a position distant from the optical axis, and an incident light beam parallel to the optical axis
A reflecting telescope that reaches the combined focal point without diffracting or dimming is constituted by a sub-surface reflecting mirror and their supporting hardware. This reflective telescope reaches the combined focal point without the incident light beam being disturbed on the way, so there is no adverse effect due to disturbances such as diffraction images or dimming, and the contrast of the image can be dramatically increased, and the limit is full. It also makes it possible to demonstrate resolution. Further, two reflecting telescopes of the same specification constituted only on one side of the optical axis in this way are arranged in parallel, the reflecting mirror positions on the first surface of each other are outside, and the optical axis positions are inside, By configuring the distance between the optical axes to match the distance between the eyes, a large-diameter reflective binocular telescope becomes possible.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an optical system of a telescope constituted by a reflecting mirror.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a reflection type telescope constituted by only one side of an optical axis.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a mutual relationship between a front view of a reflection type telescope having an optical axis at the center of a reflection mirror surface and a front view of a reflection type telescope formed only on one side of the optical axis with the optical axis position superimposed. .

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a reflective binocular telescope in which two reflective telescopes configured on only one side of the optical axis are arranged in parallel.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Concave spherical reflector on the first surface 2 Convex spherical reflector on the second surface 3 Concave hyperboloid reflector on the third surface 4 Convex hyperboloid reflector on the fourth surface 5 Composite focal position of this optical system 6 First Focus position of concave spherical reflector on surface 7 Optical axis 8 Concave spherical reflector for first surface of reflective telescope constructed on one side of optical axis 9 Convex spherical reflection on second surface cut for one side of optical axis Mirror 10 Concave hyperboloid reflector of third surface cut for one side of optical axis 11 Convex hyperboloid reflector of fourth surface cut for one side of optical axis 12 Eyepiece 13 Reflection type configured on one side of optical axis Telescope barrel 14 Reflective telescope barrel with optical axis at center of reflective mirror surface 15 Second type of reflective telescope with optical axis at center of reflective mirror surface
Surface support bracket 16 Connection bracket for turning left and right telescopes into binoculars

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A telescope in which an incident light beam is made thin on a first surface and a second surface using a concave spherical reflecting mirror on a first surface, and aberration is corrected by three or more reflecting mirrors. 2. The telescope according to claim 1, wherein the optical axis position of the optical system does not coincide with the central axis of the incident light beam parallel to the optical axis. 3. The telescope according to claim 2, wherein the telescope is configured as a binocular telescope.