JPH11147782A - Compost treatment machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To dissolve the odor pollution of faces and urine with a simple and inexpensive system in the scooping type of compost treatment apparatus. SOLUTION: A switching device 20 is covered with a doubled structure of hood 30 so that the switching device 20 may be almost tightly sealed, and a steam inlet 32 is opened on the hood 30. In the hood, an adsorption material 33 for adsorbing hydrogen sulfide in the steam and a sprinkler 34 for recovering ammonia and dust in the steam by sprinkling water are arranged and a fan 36 is employed to suck the air containing the steam into the hood and then to exhaust the air.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a composting apparatus, and more particularly to a simple and inexpensive apparatus for composting by continuously fermenting and drying manure excreted by livestock and organic sludge by a scoop method. The present invention relates to an apparatus capable of preventing odor pollution of manure by a system.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Recently, how to treat manure excreted from livestock such as cattle, pigs, chickens, and organic sludge from various treatment facilities such as food factories in a livestock farm in relation to environmental problems. Has become a very important issue.

[0003] Usually, this kind of manure is composted using fermentation by aerobic microorganisms and used as a soil improving material. Such compost processing generally includes a sedimentation method and a stirring method. From the viewpoint of increasing the size and continuity of the treatment facility, a scoop method among the stirring methods tends to be used.

In the scoop method, vertical walls are provided on both sides of the floor,
While about 2m of manure is deposited between the vertical walls and the air is fed from below the sediment to grow aerobic microorganisms, ferment and sediment the sediment, A rail is extended along the longitudinal direction of the vertical wall, and while the turning device is running along the rail, the sediment is stirred and turned by the turning device to maintain uniform conditions suitable for the growth of aerobic microorganisms. This is a compost treatment method by continuous fermentation drying that promotes a natural fermentation.

[0005]

However, in the scoop method, since fermentation and drying are generally performed in an open manner, odors are emitted to the environment. However, odors generated from manure of livestock are mainly transmitted to the human body. Harmful hydrogen sulfide, annimore and water vapor occupy the majority, and not only odor pollution is a major problem, but also in winter, it condenses and corrodes building rebar, steel frames, machinery and equipment, There is a problem of shortening the life.

As a method of eliminating the above-mentioned odor pollution, a method of covering the compost treatment facility with a closed building and ventilating the interior of the building can be considered. In that case, however, the ventilation system becomes extremely large and the cost increases. Become.

[0007] In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a compost processing apparatus capable of eliminating odor pollution of manure with a simple and inexpensive system.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems. As a result, in the scoop method, the odor is gradually emitted from the sediment by air from below. When turning back, a large amount of steam is generated from the turning point, and this steam is the main cause of odor pollution, and in the final stage of compost treatment, drying proceeds on the sediment surface layer and the sediment becomes finer Then, it turned out that dust was generated by the reversing operation and combined with the moisture in the atmosphere, which led to the finding that this was also caused by odor.

In view of the above, a method has been considered in which a deodorizing device is mounted on the switching device, and a large amount of steam or dust generated from the turning point of the sediment is sucked to perform the deodorizing treatment. In this case, a desired deodorizing effect is obtained. Above, how to construct a deodorizing device is important.

That is, in the compost treatment apparatus according to the present invention, the manure is deposited between the vertical walls on both sides of the floor, and the deposit is fermented and dried by the aerobic microorganisms while supplying air from below the deposit to compost. On the other hand, while the turning device is running along the longitudinal direction of the vertical wall, the sediment is stirred and turned by the turning device in a continuous fermentation and drying treatment apparatus, and the turning device is run together with the turning device. A hood having a double structure is provided so as to substantially seal the switching device, and the hood has a steam intake for introducing steam mainly containing hydrogen sulfide and ammonia generated at the time of switching the sediment into the hood. A mouth is formed above the turning machine, and a suction port for adsorbing hydrogen sulfide contained in the steam is provided in the hood. A material and a water spraying unit for collecting ammonia and dust contained in the steam by water spraying are provided, while the switching device is equipped with a fan for sucking and exhausting the air containing the steam into the hood. It is characterized by being.

One of the features of the present invention is that the switching device is covered with a hood having a double structure, and steam and dust generated at the time of the switching are sucked and removed in the hood. Thereby, the odor pollution in the case of composting by the scoop method can be reduced.

The hood of the double structure may have any structure as long as it is substantially sealed except for the steam intake. It is sufficient that the hood substantially covers the upper part of the switching device. However, it is preferable to provide a seal that seals the space between the switching device and the deposit so as to prevent the vapor from scattering outside.

The adsorbent may be any adsorbent as long as it can adsorb hydrogen sulfide. For example, when iron oxide is used, it can be reused by exposing it to oxygen after the adsorption, so that it is optimal in terms of cost.

Although water droplets still exist in the suction air after the hydrogen sulfide adsorption treatment and the ammonia and dust sprinkling treatment, the water droplets also adsorb ammonia, dust and, to a lesser extent, hydrogen sulfide. There is a tendency that it is discharged to the atmosphere as it is by the fan, which is not preferable in relation to the pollution problem. Therefore, a demister section for adhering and removing water droplets in the suction air is preferably provided in the hood on the upstream side of the suction of the fan to remove water droplets that cause a pollution problem and discharge the water droplets to the atmosphere. As the demister part, for example, a net having a small mesh, for example, a wire net can be used.

If the water from which the ammonia and the dust are recovered is drained as it is, there is a concern about pollution. Therefore, the switching device is equipped with a water tank for collecting water sprayed in the hood and / or water attached and removed in the demister part,
It is preferable to provide a circulating device for circulating water between the water tank and the sprinkling section and to use the circulating device.

When composting manure, the rate of fermentation by aerobic microorganisms generally varies depending on the installation location of the apparatus, for example, in a cold region. Furthermore, due to the structure of the scoop-type compost treatment device, the heat of fermentation near the vertical wall is easily absorbed by the vertical wall, so that the fermentation situation often varies depending on the location of the accumulation. However, in many cases, the switching operation is performed based on the experience and feeling of the worker, and if the switching operation is performed in a situation where the fermentation is not sufficient,
The odor emitted by the air from below when the switching operation is not performed increases, and the effect of reducing the odor pollution cannot be expected. Therefore, it is desirable to start the switching operation at an accurate time and to make the fermentation state uniform throughout the apparatus.

That is, it is desirable that the timing of turning back the sediment is accurate in accordance with the state of fermentation and maturation of the sediment in order to achieve the deodorizing effect. The state of fermentation and maturation of this sediment is closely related to the temperature of the sediment, and it is said that the temperature at a position of 500 mm from the surface of the sediment most accurately indicates the state of fermentation and maturation. Therefore, the switching device supports a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the sediment so as to be movable up and down, and a driving device for inserting the temperature sensor at a predetermined distance below the surface of the sediment is provided. It is preferable to further comprise a control device for controlling the running of the turning device and the turning operation of the turning device.

The control device may be mounted on the switching device, or may be provided separately from the switching device to perform control using radio or the like. The driving device of the temperature sensor can be constituted by an appropriate actuator such as a fluid cylinder such as an airlin lid, or a combination of a driving motor and a gear.

As described above, in order to achieve the deodorizing effect, it is preferable to prevent the absorption of fermentation heat by the vertical walls. Therefore, it is preferable to fix a sheet-like heat insulating material made of a urethane foam having a solidified surface to almost the entire inner surfaces of the vertical walls on both sides.
In that case, since the surface of the urethane foam is solidified,
High durability against manure.

Further, as described above, when the turning-over time is performed accurately, a ripe compost can be produced. Also, the feed may be mixed with weed seeds, etc.
If this is excreted from livestock and excreted together with manure and composted, the seeds of weeds may germinate.However, by properly controlling the temperature and ripening the manure, the seeds of weeds will not germinate. You can do it.

In other words, according to the present invention, manure is deposited between the vertical walls on both sides of the floor, and the deposit is fermented and dried by aerobic microorganisms while supplying air from below the deposit to be composted. In a stacking treatment device by continuous fermentation drying in which the turning device is driven to stir and turn the sediment by the turning device while running the turning device along the longitudinal direction of the vertical wall,
A temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the deposit is supported on the turning device so as to be vertically movable, and a driving device for inserting the temperature sensor at a predetermined distance below the surface of the deposit is provided. It is possible to provide a compost processing device provided with a control device that receives a signal and controls running of the turning device and turning operation of the turning device.

As described above, a sheet-like heat insulating material of a foamed urethane system having a solidified surface is fixed to almost the entire inner surface of each of the vertical walls on both sides to prevent absorption of fermentation heat by the vertical walls. Not only can the temperature distribution of the compost be uniformed, and unripe compost can be prevented from remaining, but also the number of days for the compost to fully ripen can be shortened. According to the experiments of the present inventors, it has been confirmed that it is possible to shorten the compost in a cold region by about 5 to 7 days in order to mature the compost.

That is, according to the present invention, manure is deposited between the vertical walls on both sides of the floor surface, and the deposit is fermented and dried by aerobic microorganisms while supplying air from below the deposit to be composted. In a stacking treatment device by continuous fermentation drying in which the turning device is driven to stir and turn the sediment by the turning device while running the turning device along the longitudinal direction of the vertical wall,
A compost treatment apparatus can be provided, in which a sheet-like heat insulating material of urethane foam having a solidified surface is fixed to almost the entire inner surface of each of the vertical walls on both sides.

[0024]

According to the present invention, the switching device is covered with a hood having a double structure, and the steam and dust generated at the time of the switching are sucked into the hood and removed.
It is possible to reduce odor pollution when composting by the scoop method. In addition, even when the switching operation is not performed, the odor emitted by the air below the deposit can be deodorized by running the switching device, whereby odor pollution can be significantly reduced.

Further, since the steam which causes the odor is sucked by running together with the switching device, the deodorizing system can be constructed very small and simple in structure, and does not increase the cost.

[0026]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below in detail with reference to specific examples shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 show a compost processing apparatus by continuous fermentation drying according to the present invention. In the figure, a building (not shown) having an open side is built on the ground F, and a vertical wall 1 having a height of about 2 m is placed on the ground F in the building.
0 and 10 are about 100m long with an interval of about 3m
A plurality of air supply pipes 11 are laid on the ground F between the vertical walls 10, 10 over substantially the entire length in the longitudinal direction.

On the upper surfaces of the vertical walls 10, 10, a rail 1 is provided.
2 and 12 are installed in the longitudinal direction, and on the rails 12 and 12, a switching device 20 is movably mounted. In this switching device 20, a frame 21 has a substantially square shape, and wheels 22... Are rotatably supported in the front, rear, left, and right directions. Is provided, and the wheels 22... Travel on the rails 21 back and forth by the traveling drive 23.

Further, the rear end side of the turning machine 24 is supported on the frame 21 by a support shaft 25 so that the front end side thereof can be tilted. The tilt driving device 26 stores the retracted state (see the dashed line in FIG. 1) and the folded state (see FIG. 1). (See the solid line in FIG. 1).

In the turning machine 24, the front and rear support shafts 2
Wheels are attached to both ends of the wheels 5 and 25, chains 27 and 27 are stretched between the front and rear wheels, and a plurality of turning blades 28 are provided between the right and left chains 27 and 27.
, And the chains 27, 27 are driven by the return drive unit 29, and the return blades 28 are provided.
Is transported between the wheels, so that the sediment is scooped up, dropped, stirred and turned back.

Further, the frame 21 is provided with a noren 80 for hermetically sealing the space between the sediment W and the hood 30.
Are supported substantially over the switching device 20, and the hood 3
Reference numeral 0 denotes a double structure in which the upper surface is substantially closed, the front half of the upper surface is inclined downward, and a water tank 31 is formed in the vertical portion on the tip side. At the rear end side of the hood 30, a flat triangular and side triangular leveling portion 39 formed by connecting two right triangular plates at their oblique sides is formed. The surface is made even.

A steam intake port 32 is formed in the double structure portion on the upper surface side of the frame 21 so as to be located above the turning machine 24. A hydrogen sulfide adsorption made of iron oxide is formed in the double structure portion of the hood 21. A material 33 is disposed, a sprinkler 34 for removing ammonia and dust is provided in front of the member 33, and a demister 35 made of a wire mesh or the like is disposed in front of the member 33, and a fan 36 is provided in front of the demister 35. An extending duct 37 is connected. In addition, a water circulation system (not shown) including a circulation pump and piping is provided between the water tank 31 and the water sprinkling section 34.

At the rear end of the frame 21, temperature sensors 40, 40 are provided.
Are attached to both ends of a horizontal arm 51, and the horizontal arm 51 is supported by a rod 53 of an air cylinder 52. An air supply pipe 54 and an air recirculation pipe 55 are connected to the air cylinder 52. The upstream ends of the two pipes 54 and 55 are branched into two, and a solenoid valve 56 and a manual switching valve 57 are provided.
The solenoid valve 56 and the manual switching valve 57 are connected to a compressor 58 via an air unit 58, and thus a driving device 50 for inserting the temperature sensors 40, 40 at a position 500 mm from the surface of the deposit W. Is configured.

A control device 60 is mounted on the frame 21. The control device 60 controls the operation of the drive device 50 by opening and closing the electromagnetic valve 56 at a preset timing, while controlling the running of the switching device 20 by receiving the signal of the temperature sensor 40 wirelessly or by wire, The temperature sensor 4 controls the operation of the switching device 24, further controls the operation of the fan 36 and the pump of the water circulation system, and analyzes the optimal timing of the switching operation.
A signal of 0 is automatically recorded.

The heat insulating material 7 is provided on the inner surfaces of the vertical walls 10 and 10.
No. 0 is fixed with an adhesive over the entire surface, a sheet-like heat insulating material of a foamed urethane type having a solidified surface is used as the heat insulating agent 70, and the fermentation heat of the deposit W is absorbed by the vertical walls 12, 12. Is to be reduced.

When the manure W is composted, the vertical wall 10,
It is piled up to about 2m between 10 and the lower piping 1 for air supply
Are supplied from below the sediment W by sending air. Then, the aerobic microorganisms contained in the sediment W proliferate and ferment the sediment W, and the temperature b of the sediment W is reduced as shown in FIG.
As shown in (2), the temperature rapidly rises to the maximum temperature equal to or higher than the atmospheric temperature a and then falls.

At this time, at a preset timing, the temperature sensors 40, 40
m, the temperature of the sediment W is measured. When the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature, for example, 59 ° C. at the first time (for example, M in FIG. 4), the control device 60 causes the switching device 20 to operate. At a low speed, for example, 250 to 500 mm / mi.
n at the same time, the reversing machine 24 is tilted downward and operated, and the lower sediment W is scooped and dropped by being scooped up by the reversing machine 24 and dropped, and the aerobic microorganisms are removed. Maintain conditions suitable for growth.

When the turning device 20 travels to the end of the vertical walls 10 and 10 and the whole of the deposit W is turned, the turning device 24 is tilted upward, and the turning device 20 is
It is returned at a rapid speed toward the beginning of 0 and 10. At this time, the leveling portion 39 leveles the surface of the deposit W.

On the other hand, the cut-back sediment W is fermented again by the aerobic microorganisms maintained under conditions suitable for growth, and the temperature b of the sediment W rises again from near the atmospheric temperature and falls. When the predetermined temperature (see M in FIG. 4) is reached, switching back is started again.

When the turning of the sediment W is started as described above, a large amount of steam including hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and dust is generated from the turning point, which causes odor pollution. At the same time as the start, the fan 36 and the circulation pump are operated, and the steam generated from the turning point is sucked into the double structure of the hood 30 from the intake port 32 together with the air, and the hydrogen sulfide contained in the steam is absorbed by the adsorbent 33. Ammonia and dust contained in the vapor are removed by adsorption, and dissolved or adhered to the water sprayed from the water spraying section 34 in contact with the water sprayed thereto, and the water droplets in the air are adhered and removed by the demister section 35 to become clean and odorless. Air is discharged from the fan 36 to the atmosphere.

Water to which ammonia and dust are dissolved and adhered,
The water collected by the demister unit 35 flows down along the lower surface of the double structure of the hood 30, is collected in the water tank 31, and is sent again to the water spraying unit 34 by the circulation pump. When the water in the water tank 31 becomes dirty, it is replaced with fresh water and treated by an appropriate method, and the adsorbent 33 can be regenerated by contact with oxygen.

At the time of non-turning, the odor is diffused by the air from the lower air supply pipes 11. Therefore, while the switching device 24 is kept in the housed state, the switching device 20 is run, and the fan 3
6 and the circulating pump is activated to take in the odor
It can be deodorized by sucking from the double into the double structure portion of the hood 30.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a main part showing a preferred embodiment of a compost processing apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view showing a main part of the apparatus.

FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing a temperature sensor and a driving device in the device.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between temperature and the number of days of compost for explaining the operation of the device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Vertical wall 20 Switching device 24 Switching device 30 Hood 31 Water tank 32 Steam intake 33 Adsorbent 34 Sprinkling part 35 Demister part 36 Fan 40 Temperature sensor 50 Drive device 60 Control device 70 Insulation material

Claims (7)

[Claims] Claims: 1. Manure is deposited between the vertical walls on both sides of a floor, and while the air is supplied from below the sediment, the sediment is fermented and dried by aerobic microorganisms to be composted. In a stacking treatment apparatus by continuous fermentation and drying in which sediment is stirred and turned by the turning machine while running the turning apparatus along, the hood of the double structure which is run with the turning apparatus is provided in the turning apparatus. A steam inlet for taking in steam mainly containing hydrogen sulfide and ammonia generated at the time of turning over the sediment into the hood is provided in the hood. The hood is provided with an adsorbent for adsorbing hydrogen sulfide contained in the steam, and water is contained in the steam by sprinkling. While the sprinkler unit for recovering ammonia and dust are is provided, the compost processing device to the crosscut apparatus characterized by fan for exhausting by suction air containing the vapor in the hood is mounted. 2. The compost processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a demister section for adhering and removing water droplets in suction air is provided in the hood at an upstream side in a suction direction of the fan. 3. A water tank for recovering water sprinkled in the hood and / or water adhered and removed in the demister part is mounted on the turning device, and a water tank is provided between the water tank and the sprinkler part. The composting treatment device according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a circulation device for circulating water. 4. The turning device is provided with a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the deposit, which is vertically movable, and a driving device for inserting the temperature sensor at a predetermined distance below the surface of the deposit. The compost processing device according to claim 1, further comprising a control device that receives the signal of the temperature sensor and controls the running of the turning device and the turning operation of the turning device. 5. The compost treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a sheet-like heat insulating material of a urethane foam type having a solidified surface is fixed to substantially the entire inner surface of each of the vertical walls on both sides. 6. Sediment is deposited between the vertical walls on both sides of the floor, and while the air is supplied from below the sediment, the sediment is fermented and dried by aerobic microorganisms to be composted. A continuous fermentation-drying deposition processing device in which the sediment is stirred and turned by the turning device while running the turning device along, the temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the sediment is vertically movable in the turning device. A control device that is supported and that inserts the temperature sensor at a predetermined distance below the surface of the deposit is provided. The control device receives a signal from the temperature sensor and controls the running of the turning device and the turning operation of the turning device. A compost processing device comprising: 7. Manure is deposited between the vertical walls on both sides of the floor surface, and the sediment is fermented and dried by aerobic microorganisms while supplying air from below the sediment to compost, while the compost is formed in the longitudinal direction of the vertical wall. In a stacking treatment apparatus by continuous fermentation drying in which sediment is stirred and turned by the turning machine while running the turning apparatus along, the inner surfaces of the both side vertical walls have a solidified urethane foam-based sheet-like heat insulating material. Is composted on almost the entire surface thereof.