JPH11145153A - Method for manufacturing compound semiconductor transistor - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing compound semiconductor transistor

Info

Publication number
JPH11145153A
JPH11145153A JP9307266A JP30726697A JPH11145153A JP H11145153 A JPH11145153 A JP H11145153A JP 9307266 A JP9307266 A JP 9307266A JP 30726697 A JP30726697 A JP 30726697A JP H11145153 A JPH11145153 A JP H11145153A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
emitter
layer
forming
electrode
base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
JP9307266A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Harutaka Nakamura
陽登 中村
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Advantest Corp
Original Assignee
Advantest Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Advantest Corp filed Critical Advantest Corp
Priority to JP9307266A priority Critical patent/JPH11145153A/en
Priority to DE19851382A priority patent/DE19851382A1/en
Publication of JPH11145153A publication Critical patent/JPH11145153A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/66Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/66007Multistep manufacturing processes
    • H01L29/66075Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
    • H01L29/66227Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched, e.g. three-terminal devices
    • H01L29/66234Bipolar junction transistors [BJT]
    • H01L29/6631Bipolar junction transistors [BJT] with an active layer made of a group 13/15 material
    • H01L29/66318Heterojunction transistors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/02Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/12Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed
    • H01L29/20Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor characterised by the materials of which they are formed including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Bipolar Transistors (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing an HBT structure in which a base electrode is in proximity to an emitter and electrode frequency is superior, with good manufacturing yield by a simple process. SOLUTION: There are provided a step of forming a collector layer 2, a base layer 3 and a emitter layer 4 on a compound semiconductor 1, a step of forming an emitter electrode 5 of a specified shape on the emitter layer 4, a step of etching the emitter layer 4 by the use of the emitter electrode 5 as a mask and exposing the base layer 3 other than the lower part of the emitter electrode, a step of forming a sidewall insulation film 6 on a side face of the patterned emitter layer 4 and emitter electrode 5, a step of forming a resist film 9 having an opening in a forming region of a base electrode, and a step depositing a base electrode metal by plating on a surface of the base layer which is exposed to this opening for forming a base electrode 10.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、ヘテロ接合バイポ
ーラトランジスタ(HBT)の製造方法に関し、特にエ
ミッタとベース間の漏れ電流がなく、高周波特性に優れ
たHBTの製造方法に関する。
The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT), and more particularly to a method of manufacturing an HBT having no leakage current between an emitter and a base and having excellent high-frequency characteristics.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】HBTは、エミッタ層としてベース層よ
りもバンドギャップの大きい半導体材料を用いることに
よって、ベース層の不純物濃度を高くしてもエミッタ注
入効率を大きく保つことができること、化合物半導体の
優れた電子輸送特性を活かすことができることなど、ト
ランジスタの高性能化に有利な多くの利点を有してい
る。
2. Description of the Related Art An HBT uses a semiconductor material having a band gap larger than that of a base layer as an emitter layer, so that the emitter injection efficiency can be kept large even if the impurity concentration of the base layer is increased. There are many advantages that are advantageous for improving the performance of a transistor, such as the fact that the electron transport characteristics can be utilized.

【0003】HBTの有する優れた特性を引き出すため
には、寄生の抵抗と容量とを小さくすることが必要であ
り、特に、ベース電極とエミッタ電極を極力近づけるこ
とによりベース抵抗を低減することが重要である。その
ために種々のセルフアライン構造が提案されている。
In order to bring out the excellent characteristics of the HBT, it is necessary to reduce parasitic resistance and capacitance. In particular, it is important to reduce the base resistance by bringing the base electrode and the emitter electrode as close as possible. It is. For that purpose, various self-aligned structures have been proposed.

【0004】例えば、特開平8−139101号公報等
には、図4(a)に示すように、エミッタ電極43を先
行して形成し、そのエミッタ電極43をマスクとして、
ベース層41に対してエミッタ層42を選択的にエッチ
ングする溶液を用いてエミッタメサエッチングを行い、
同時に、ウェットエッチングの等方性を利用して電極外
周部下にアンダーカットを形成した後、図4(b)に示
すように、エミッタメサを含む領域にベース電極44を
蒸着する方法が記載されている。この方法によれば、ア
ンダーカットがあるために、エミッタ電極とベース電極
とは短絡することなくセルフアラインされる。
[0004] For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-139101, an emitter electrode 43 is formed in advance and as shown in FIG.
Emitter mesa etching is performed using a solution for selectively etching the emitter layer 42 with respect to the base layer 41,
At the same time, a method is described in which an undercut is formed under the outer periphery of the electrode by using the isotropic property of wet etching, and then, as shown in FIG. 4B, a base electrode 44 is deposited on a region including the emitter mesa. . According to this method, the emitter electrode and the base electrode are self-aligned without short-circuiting due to the undercut.

【0005】しかし、この方法では、エミッタ電極とそ
の下のアンダーカットの形状の厳密に制御する必要があ
り、またエミッタ層42の側壁はむき出しのままである
ので、ベース電極44を形成する際に金属が垂直に蒸着
されるように蒸着条件をも厳密に制御する必要があっ
た。
However, in this method, it is necessary to strictly control the shape of the emitter electrode and the undercut thereunder, and since the side wall of the emitter layer 42 is exposed, It was necessary to strictly control the deposition conditions so that the metal was deposited vertically.

【0006】そこで、例えば特開平5−275444号
公報には、図5(a)に示すようにエミッタ層52およ
びエミッタ電極53の側壁に絶縁膜55を形成し、ベー
ス電極金属54を全面に蒸着した後、図5(b)に示す
ように、レジスト57をリフトオフし、続いて斜めイオ
ン・ミリング法を適用することにより、図に矢印で指示
してあるようにイオンの照射を行って、Ti/Pt/A
u膜のうち、ベース層51とコンタクトしている部分及
びエミッタ電極53とコンタクトしている部分を切り離
すことでベース電極58を形成する方法が記載されてい
る。
Therefore, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-275444, an insulating film 55 is formed on the side walls of the emitter layer 52 and the emitter electrode 53 as shown in FIG. After that, as shown in FIG. 5B, the resist 57 is lifted off, and then, by applying an oblique ion milling method, ion irradiation is performed as indicated by an arrow in the figure, and Ti is irradiated. / Pt / A
A method of forming a base electrode 58 by separating a portion of the u film that is in contact with the base layer 51 and a portion that is in contact with the emitter electrode 53 is described.

【0007】しかし、この方法では、側壁絶縁膜の膜厚
が薄いために金属膜をエッチングをする際に非常に正確
なエッチングコントロールが必要であり、歩留まりを上
げることは極めて困難である。
However, in this method, since the thickness of the side wall insulating film is thin, very accurate etching control is required when etching the metal film, and it is extremely difficult to increase the yield.

【0008】[0008]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、このような
従来の問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、ベース電極
とエミッタ電極を近接させた高周波特性の優れたHBT
構造を、簡単な工程により歩留まり良く製造する方法を
提供することを目的とする。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of such a conventional problem, and has an HBT having a high frequency characteristic in which a base electrode and an emitter electrode are arranged close to each other.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for manufacturing a structure by a simple process with a high yield.

【0009】[0009]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、化合物半導体
基板上に、コレクタ層、ベース層、エミッタ層を形成す
る工程と、前記エミッタ層の上に、所定形状のエミッタ
電極を形成する工程と、前記エミッタ電極をマスクとし
て前記エミッタ層をエッチングし、エミッタ電極下部以
外のベース層を露出させる工程と、所定形状にパターン
された前記エミッタ層およびエミッタ電極の側面に側壁
絶縁膜を形成する工程と、少なくともベース層上のベー
ス電極を形成する領域に開口を有するレジスト膜を形成
する工程と、前記レジスト膜の開口に露出しているベー
ス層表面にメッキによりベース電極金属を成膜してベー
ス電極を形成する工程とを有する化合物半導体トランジ
スタの製造方法である。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention comprises a step of forming a collector layer, a base layer, and an emitter layer on a compound semiconductor substrate, and a step of forming an emitter electrode having a predetermined shape on the emitter layer. Etching the emitter layer using the emitter electrode as a mask to expose a base layer other than under the emitter electrode, and forming a sidewall insulating film on a side surface of the emitter layer and the emitter electrode patterned in a predetermined shape. Forming a resist film having an opening at least in a region where a base electrode is formed on the base layer; and forming a base electrode metal by plating on a surface of the base layer exposed at the opening of the resist film. Forming a compound semiconductor transistor.

【0010】本発明では、このようにベース電極の形成
をメッキを用いて行うので、エミッタとベース間の距離
は、側壁絶縁膜の厚さだけで決まる。このためエミッタ
とベース間の距離を短くできると共に、複雑で微細なエ
ッチング加工を必要とせず、工程が簡略化され歩留まり
が向上する。また、エミッタ側面を側壁絶縁膜で覆って
いるのでエミッタとベース間の短絡もない。
In the present invention, since the base electrode is formed by plating, the distance between the emitter and the base is determined only by the thickness of the sidewall insulating film. For this reason, the distance between the emitter and the base can be shortened, and complicated and fine etching is not required, the process is simplified, and the yield is improved. Further, since the side surface of the emitter is covered with the sidewall insulating film, there is no short circuit between the emitter and the base.

【0011】[0011]

【発明の実施の形態】次に、図面を参照しながら本発明
を詳細に説明する。
Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

【0012】まず、図1(a)に示すように化合物半導
体基板1上に、コレクタ層2、ベース層3、エミッタ層
4を順次形成する。ここで、化合物半導体基板として
は、GaAs、InP等の基板であり、通常半絶縁性の
基板を用いる。コレクタ層、ベース層、エミッタ層を形
成する材料は、GaAs、AlGaAs、InGaA
s、InP等から、格子整合や用途に合わせて適宜選択
して気相成長等により形成することができる。例えば、
化合物半導体基板として、半絶縁性のGaAs基板を用
いて、コレクタ層をn−GaAs、ベース層をp−Ga
As、エミッタ層をn−AlGaAs等で形成すること
ができる。また、化合物半導体基板とコレクタ層の間に
+−GaAsサブ・コレクタ層を設けたり、エミッタ
層の上にn+−InGaAsサブ・エミッタ層等を設け
たり、さらに必要に応じてその他の層を設けてもよい。
First, as shown in FIG. 1A, a collector layer 2, a base layer 3, and an emitter layer 4 are sequentially formed on a compound semiconductor substrate 1. Here, the compound semiconductor substrate is a substrate of GaAs, InP or the like, and usually a semi-insulating substrate is used. Materials for forming the collector layer, the base layer, and the emitter layer are GaAs, AlGaAs, and InGaAs.
s, InP or the like can be formed by vapor phase growth or the like by appropriately selecting according to lattice matching or use. For example,
A semi-insulating GaAs substrate is used as the compound semiconductor substrate, and the collector layer is n-GaAs and the base layer is p-Ga
As and the emitter layer can be formed of n-AlGaAs or the like. Further, an n + -GaAs sub-collector layer is provided between the compound semiconductor substrate and the collector layer, an n + -InGaAs sub-emitter layer is provided on the emitter layer, and other layers are provided as necessary. It may be provided.

【0013】尚、ベース層の不純物濃度はなるべく高い
方が好ましく、1×1019cm-3以上が特に好ましい。
Incidentally, the impurity concentration of the base layer is preferably as high as possible, particularly preferably 1 × 10 19 cm -3 or more.

【0014】次に、図1(b)に示すように、エミッタ
層の上にエミッタ電極5形成する。形成方法は、どのよ
うな方法でも良いが、例えば予めエミッタ電極を形成す
る部分に開口を有するレジスト膜を形成し、その後Ti
/Pt/Auの3層構造の金属膜等を成膜した後、レジ
スト膜をリフトオフすることで形成することができる。
Next, as shown in FIG. 1B, an emitter electrode 5 is formed on the emitter layer. Any method may be used for forming the resist film. For example, a resist film having an opening in a portion where an emitter electrode is to be formed is formed in advance, and then a
After forming a metal film or the like having a three-layer structure of / Pt / Au, the resist film can be formed by lift-off.

【0015】次に、図1(c)に示すように、エミッタ
電極をマスクとしてエミッタ層4を、反応性イオンエッ
チング等を用いて垂直方向にエッチングすると共に、ベ
ース層3の表面を露出させる。
Next, as shown in FIG. 1C, the emitter layer 4 is vertically etched using reactive ion etching or the like using the emitter electrode as a mask, and the surface of the base layer 3 is exposed.

【0016】次に、図2(a)に示すように、エミッタ
層4およびエミッタ電極5の側面に側壁絶縁層6を形成
する。形成方法は、例えば、SiON膜等をCVD等に
より全面に形成した後、ドライエッチングによりエッチ
バックすることで形成することができる。
Next, as shown in FIG. 2A, a sidewall insulating layer 6 is formed on the side surfaces of the emitter layer 4 and the emitter electrode 5. For example, it can be formed by forming an SiON film or the like on the entire surface by CVD or the like, and then etching back by dry etching.

【0017】次に、図2(b)に示すように、レジスト
膜を塗布した後、露光・現像によりベース電極を形成す
る領域に開口を有するレジスト膜9を形成する。この開
口は、ベース層上のベース電極形成部分だけでなく側壁
絶縁膜6の部分も開口内に入るように形成するのが好ま
しく、図のようにエミッタ部分全体を開口内に入るよう
にするのが簡便で好ましい。尚、この図の紙面方向にお
けるレジストパターン形状は、素子構造によって適宜決
める。
Next, as shown in FIG. 2B, after applying a resist film, a resist film 9 having an opening in a region where a base electrode is to be formed is formed by exposure and development. This opening is preferably formed so that not only the base electrode forming portion on the base layer but also the portion of the side wall insulating film 6 enters the opening. As shown in the drawing, the entire emitter portion enters the opening. Is simple and preferred. Note that the resist pattern shape in the direction of the paper of FIG.

【0018】次に、図2(c)に示すように、前記のレ
ジスト開口に、電解メッキにより、例えばPt/Auの
積層膜のベース電極10を形成する。電解メッキの際に
直流電源との接続は、ベース層のどの位置でコンタクト
をとってもよく、例えば化合物半導体基板の周辺付近に
もレジストの開口を設け、この開口から露出しているベ
ース層とコンタクトをとればよい。このとき、ベース層
のコンタクト部分に例えばAuZn、AuBe等のオー
ミック金属を蒸着等により形成すると、直流電源との電
気的接続を確実に行うことができる。ベース層の不純物
濃度が非常に高い場合は、オーミック金属を設ける必要
は通常はない。
Next, as shown in FIG. 2C, a base electrode 10 of a laminated film of, for example, Pt / Au is formed in the resist opening by electrolytic plating. In the case of electrolytic plating, connection with a DC power supply may be made at any position on the base layer.For example, an opening of a resist is provided near the periphery of the compound semiconductor substrate, and the base layer exposed from this opening is contacted with the base layer. What should I do? At this time, when an ohmic metal such as AuZn or AuBe is formed on the contact portion of the base layer by vapor deposition or the like, electrical connection with a DC power supply can be reliably performed. If the impurity concentration of the base layer is very high, it is not usually necessary to provide an ohmic metal.

【0019】次に、レジスト膜を剥離すると、図3に示
すようなトランジスタ構造が完成する。このように、ベ
ース電極とエミッタ層との距離は、側壁絶縁膜の厚さの
みで決まるので、レジストの形成では精度を必要としな
いことがわかる。
Next, when the resist film is removed, a transistor structure as shown in FIG. 3 is completed. As described above, since the distance between the base electrode and the emitter layer is determined only by the thickness of the side wall insulating film, it can be seen that precision is not required for forming the resist.

【0020】[0020]

【発明の効果】本発明によれば、ベース電極の形成をメ
ッキを用いて行うので、エミッタとベース間の距離は、
側壁絶縁膜の厚さだけで決まる。このためエミッタとベ
ース間の距離を短くできると共に、複雑で微細なエッチ
ング加工を必要とせず、工程が簡略化され歩留まりが向
上する。また、エミッタ側面を側壁絶縁膜で覆っている
のでエミッタとベース間の短絡もない。即ち、本発明に
よれば高周波特性の優れたHBT構造を、簡単な工程に
より歩留まり良く製造することができる。
According to the present invention, since the base electrode is formed by plating, the distance between the emitter and the base is
It is determined only by the thickness of the sidewall insulating film. For this reason, the distance between the emitter and the base can be shortened, and complicated and fine etching is not required, the process is simplified, and the yield is improved. Further, since the side surface of the emitter is covered with the sidewall insulating film, there is no short circuit between the emitter and the base. That is, according to the present invention, an HBT structure having excellent high-frequency characteristics can be manufactured by a simple process with a high yield.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明の製造方法を模式的に示した図である。FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing a production method of the present invention.

【図2】図1に引き続き、本発明の製造方法を模式的に
示した図である。
FIG. 2 is a view schematically showing the manufacturing method of the present invention, following FIG. 1;

【図3】図1、図2に引き続き、本発明の製造方法を模
式的に示した図である。
FIG. 3 is a view schematically showing the manufacturing method of the present invention, following FIGS. 1 and 2;

【図4】従来の製造方法を示す図である。FIG. 4 is a view showing a conventional manufacturing method.

【図5】従来の製造方法を示す図である。FIG. 5 is a view showing a conventional manufacturing method.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1 化合物半導体基板 2 コレクタ層 3 ベース層 4 エミッタ層 5 エミッタ電極 6 側壁絶縁膜 9 レジスト膜 10 ベース電極 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Compound semiconductor substrate 2 Collector layer 3 Base layer 4 Emitter layer 5 Emitter electrode 6 Side wall insulating film 9 Resist film 10 Base electrode

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 化合物半導体基板上に、コレクタ層、ベ
ース層、エミッタ層を形成する工程と、 前記エミッタ層の上に、所定形状のエミッタ電極を形成
する工程と、 前記エミッタ電極をマスクとして前記エミッタ層をエッ
チングし、エミッタ電極下部以外のベース層を露出させ
る工程と、 所定形状にパターンされた前記エミッタ層およびエミッ
タ電極の側面に側壁絶縁膜を形成する工程と、 少なくともベース層上のベース電極を形成する領域に開
口を有するレジスト膜を形成する工程と、 前記レジスト膜の開口に露出しているベース層表面にメ
ッキによりベース電極金属を成膜してベース電極を形成
する工程とを有する化合物半導体トランジスタの製造方
法。
A step of forming a collector layer, a base layer, and an emitter layer on a compound semiconductor substrate; a step of forming an emitter electrode having a predetermined shape on the emitter layer; Etching the emitter layer to expose the base layer other than under the emitter electrode; forming a sidewall insulating film on the side surfaces of the emitter layer and the emitter electrode patterned in a predetermined shape; Forming a resist film having an opening in a region where a resist film is formed; and forming a base electrode by forming a base electrode metal by plating on a surface of the base layer exposed to the opening of the resist film. A method for manufacturing a semiconductor transistor.
【請求項2】 前記レジスト膜形成する工程が、ベース
層上のベース電極を形成する領域と側壁絶縁膜を含む開
口を有するレジスト膜を形成する工程である請求項1記
載の化合物半導体トランジスタの製造方法。
2. The method of manufacturing a compound semiconductor transistor according to claim 1, wherein the step of forming a resist film is a step of forming a resist film having a region on a base layer for forming a base electrode and an opening including a sidewall insulating film. Method.
JP9307266A 1997-11-10 1997-11-10 Method for manufacturing compound semiconductor transistor Withdrawn JPH11145153A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

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JP9307266A JPH11145153A (en) 1997-11-10 1997-11-10 Method for manufacturing compound semiconductor transistor
DE19851382A DE19851382A1 (en) 1997-11-10 1998-11-07 Producing compound semiconductor hereto-junction bipolar transistor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP9307266A JPH11145153A (en) 1997-11-10 1997-11-10 Method for manufacturing compound semiconductor transistor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH11145153A true JPH11145153A (en) 1999-05-28

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Family Applications (1)

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JP9307266A Withdrawn JPH11145153A (en) 1997-11-10 1997-11-10 Method for manufacturing compound semiconductor transistor

Country Status (2)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH11145153A (en)
DE (1) DE19851382A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100491089B1 (en) * 2002-12-06 2005-05-24 한국전자통신연구원 Heterojunction bipolar transistor and manufacturing method thereof
CN107895696A (en) * 2017-11-03 2018-04-10 厦门市三安集成电路有限公司 A kind of high-precision HBT preparation technologies

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100491089B1 (en) * 2002-12-06 2005-05-24 한국전자통신연구원 Heterojunction bipolar transistor and manufacturing method thereof
CN107895696A (en) * 2017-11-03 2018-04-10 厦门市三安集成电路有限公司 A kind of high-precision HBT preparation technologies

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19851382A1 (en) 1999-05-20

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