JPH11119109A - Transmission microscope and stereoscopic observation device attachable to and detachable from the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a transmission microscope capable of stereostatic observa tion. SOLUTION: This transmission microscope comprises a stage 410 for mounting a sample 409, an illumination system irradiating the sample 409 with illuminating light through a condenser lens 406, an observation optical system for forming the image of a light beam transmitted through the sample among the illuminating light beams and two partial areas 405a, 405b, arranged on the pupil plane of the condenser lens 406 in the optical path of the illumination system and being eccentric to the optical axis (m) of the condenser lens 406, and provided with a dividing means 405 transmitting the light from the sample 409 through the two partial areas and dividing it into two light beams, a deflecting means 404 arranged in the optical path of the illumination system, deflecting two light beams transmitted through the dividing means and taking them out of the optical path of the illumination system and binocular eyepiece parts 417, 418 for stereostatic observation of the sample 409 on which two deflected light beams are made incident and form their images, respectively.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a transmission microscope, and more particularly, to a transmission microscope having a stereoscopic observation function and a stereoscopic observation apparatus detachable from the transmission microscope.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When it is desired to perform various operations on a minute object, the operation is often performed while performing a magnified observation using a microscope. For example, in biological experiments, very thin microelectrodes may be inserted into living cells, or, if necessary, microstructured cutters may be used to cut tissue.
Since it is impossible for such a movement to perform a small amount of operation by hand, a device called a manipulator or a microactuator is widely used. If this device is used, the electrodes and the cutter can be moved by minute amounts.

In practice, however, it is not easy to guide the tip of the manipulator or microactuator into the field of view of the microscope. When the manipulator is far away from the focal position of the microscope, it is difficult to determine whether or not the manipulator is within the field of view because the image is not clearly seen. In addition, even if it can be guided well, it is very difficult to bring the tip of the manipulator into contact with a part where cell manipulation is to be performed because a normal microscope cannot grasp the perspective. For such a reason, manipulator operation is a very nervous operation for an experimenter, and only a sufficiently skilled experimenter can perform the operation efficiently.

In order to make this operation easier, it has been proposed to install a low-magnification stereo microscope beside the experimental microscope on the side of the microscope to observe the movement of the manipulator. This method will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 12 shows a state where the sample is observed with an inverted microscope. Sample 1 on stage 107 of inverted microscope
06, on which an illumination light source 101, a collector lens 102, a mirror 103, and a condenser lens 104, which constitute a normal microscope illumination optical system, are arranged. An objective lens 109 for observation of an inverted microscope is arranged below the stage 107.

Now, in order to manipulate the cells in the sample, the tip 105 of the manipulator is brought close to the sample 106, and the tip 105 is observed under magnification from the side of the condenser lens 104 by a small stereo microscope 110. According to this method, stereoscopic vision becomes possible, so that the positional relationship between the tip 105 of the manipulator and the sample 106 can be easily grasped.

[0006]

However, in such a conventional method, the position of the stereomicroscope must be adjusted so that the same observation site as that of the experimental microscope is in the field of view. Requires great effort.
In addition, since the working distance of the microscope objective lens is limited, the stereoscopic microscope has to be disposed at a position where the manipulator can be seen from an oblique upper surface, so that it is very difficult to see the manipulator and it is difficult to operate the manipulator. Further, when a stereoscopic microscope is installed on the side of the microscope for observation, it is difficult to observe because the observation is made in an unreasonable posture. Further, a stereomicroscope is often installed on the side of a microscope stage, but the manipulator must also be installed on the stage side, so that many devices are arranged in a narrow space, which is very troublesome.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a transmission microscope capable of observing the body and a body observation apparatus detachable from the transmission microscope.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a stage on which a sample is mounted, an illumination system for irradiating the sample with illumination light via a condenser lens, and a sample among the illumination light. In a transmission microscope having an observation optical system that forms an image of transmitted light, two partial regions disposed on a pupil plane of the condenser lens in an optical path of the illumination system and decentered with respect to an optical axis of the condenser lens. Has,
The light from the sample is transmitted through the two partial
Splitting means for splitting the light into two light fluxes, deflecting means arranged in the optical path of the illumination system, deflecting the two light fluxes transmitted through the splitting means, and removing the two light fluxes from the optical path of the illumination system; A binocular eyepiece for observing the sample in real form, wherein the binocular eyepieces receive two light beams and form images respectively.

According to the present invention, the condenser lens of the illumination system provided in the transmission microscope is used as an objective lens for observing the sample in its actual state, and the reflected light from the sample on the stage is collected by the condenser lens. By splitting the light into two light beams by the splitting means and entering the binocular eyepiece, the sample can be observed in substance. Therefore, since the transmission microscope can be provided with the stereoscopic observation function, it is not necessary to separately install the stereoscopic microscope. For this reason, the observation posture does not cause excessive force,
You can observe the body in a natural posture. In addition, since the specimen can be observed in the same optical axis direction as the transmission microscope, the observation of the transmission microscope and the observation of the substance can be performed from the same direction.For example, when the sample is operated with the tip of the manipulator, This is preferable because it is easy to grasp the positional relationship between the two.

[0010] The two partial regions may be composed of a first polarizing member and a second polarizing member whose polarization directions are substantially orthogonal to each other.

Further, the dividing means may be constituted by a diaphragm member having a pair of openings symmetrical to the optical axis.

Further, analyzers corresponding to the respective polarization directions can be arranged in the binocular eyepiece. Thereby, even if crosstalk occurs between the two light beams emitted from the dividing means, no problem occurs in the entity observation function.

A pair of filter means having different light transmission wavelength band characteristics are arranged near the pair of openings, respectively, and another filter means having the same light transmission wavelength band characteristics as the pair of filter means is provided. A pair of filter means can be arranged in each of the binocular eyepieces.
Thus, even if crosstalk occurs between two light beams emitted from the aperture member, no problem occurs in the entity observation function.

Further, a light source for illuminating the stage from a direction inclined with respect to the optical axis of the condenser lens can be provided separately from the light source of the illumination optical system.

In addition, the stage is illuminated from the light source of the illumination optical system during the observation of the entity, and the splitting means is a polarized light disposed between the condenser lens and the first and second polarizing members. A cancellation member can be provided. When the sample or the tip of the manipulator for manipulating the sample is completely specularly reflected, the reflected light is the same as the polarization state of the light illuminating the sample, and therefore cannot pass through the polarizing member again. By arranging the depolarizing member as in the invention, it is possible to change the polarization state of the reflected light and transmit the reflected light again.

The deflecting means can transmit the illumination light and irradiate the sample with the illumination light at the time of actual observation. This allows the sample to be illuminated without using an external light source during the entity observation.

In addition, a holding member for integrally holding the dividing means, the deflecting means and the binocular eyepiece can be provided, and the holding member can be configured to be detachable from the microscope.

Further, it is possible to arrange so that the dividing means is shifted on the optical axis of the condenser lens and switched so as to be retracted.

Further, the present invention is an entity observation apparatus which is added to a transmission microscope and performs the entity observation function as described above. That is, a transmission type microscope having a stage on which a sample is mounted, an illumination system for irradiating illumination light to the sample via a condenser lens, and an observation optical system for forming an image of the illumination light transmitted through the sample. A stereoscopic observation device configured to be detachable and performing stereoscopic observation of a sample, wherein the stereoscopic observation device is disposed on a pupil plane of the condenser lens in an optical path of the illumination system when the stereoscopic observation device is mounted on the microscope. Splitting means having two partial areas decentered with respect to the optical axis of the condenser lens, transmitting light from the sample through the two partial areas and splitting the light into two light beams; When mounted on, is arranged in the optical path of the illumination system, deflects the two light fluxes transmitted through the dividing means,
A deflecting unit for deviating from the optical path of the illumination system; and a binocular eyepiece for observing the sample in real form, wherein the two light beams deflected by the deflecting unit enter and form an image, respectively. .

[0020]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, first to seventh embodiments according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. <First Embodiment> FIGS. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment. FIG. 1 shows the principle of a stereo microscope added to the transmission microscope in the present embodiment. The tip 209 of the manipulator is arranged near the sample 211 on the stage 212 of the transmission microscope.
Are illuminated by the light source 210. A condenser lens 208 of the illumination optical system of the transmission microscope is arranged above the stage 212. The condenser lens 208 is arranged to converge and illuminate light from a light source (not shown) of an illumination optical system provided in the transmission microscope when the transmission microscope is used. There is
In FIG. 1, the function of the objective lens at the time of entity observation is performed. In FIG. 1, the sample 211 and the tip 209 of the manipulator are not separately illuminated from a light source (not shown) of an illumination optical system provided in the transmission microscope and are separately provided obliquely above the stage 212 during the entity observation. Light source 21
The illumination is performed in a direction inclined from 0 to the optical axis m of the condenser lens 208.

As shown in FIG.
A polarizing plate 207 is arranged on the upper part of 8. FIG.
(A) is a plan view of the polarizing plate 207, and the polarizing plate 2
Reference numeral 07 denotes two semicircular polarizing plates 207a and 207a whose polarizing planes are orthogonal to each other with respect to the center line 207c.
07b are combined in a circular shape. As shown in FIG. 1, the polarizing plate 207 is arranged on the pupil plane of the condenser lens 208 such that the center of the center line 207c coincides with the optical axis m of the condenser lens 208.

Above the polarizing plate 207, a pair of eyepieces 201 and 202 are arranged to form a binocular eyepiece. Also, the eyepieces 210 and 202 and the polarizing plate 207
A pair of analyzers 203 and 204 corresponding to the respective polarization directions of the polarizing plates 207a and 207b are arranged between the two.

The arrows 301 and 302 shown in FIG.
Indicates the polarization directions of the left half polarizing plate 207a and the right half polarizing plate 207b of the polarizing plate 207, respectively. For ease of explanation, as shown in FIG. 2B, the polarization direction 301 when the polarizing plate 207 is viewed from the side is denoted by a symbol 303.
, The polarization direction 302 is represented by the symbol 304.

A case in which the tip of the manipulator is observed in the transmission type microscope equipped with the above-described entity observation apparatus will be described. Now, the tip 2 of the manipulator
At 09, light reflected by the light of the light source 210 is generated. At this time, the tip 209 of the manipulator is arranged near the focal point of the condenser lens 208. The reflected light is collected by the condenser lens 208 and enters the polarizing plate 207. The polarizing plate 207 includes left and right polarizing plates 207a and 207.
b, the polarization directions that can be transmitted are different, and as shown in FIG. 1, only the light in the polarization direction 205 (303) in the left half of the polarization plate 207a as shown in FIG.
In this case, only light in the polarization direction 206 (304) passes.

The light split in accordance with the polarization direction in this manner proceeds in the directions of arrows n1 and n2 in FIG. 1, respectively, and is viewed by the right and left eyes via analyzers 203 and 204 and eyepieces 201 and 202. Since the main axis of the light ray entering the left eye and the main axis of the light ray entering the right eye have an inclination, a stereoscopic effect can be obtained, and the tip 209 of the manipulator can be observed three-dimensionally. it can.

Since the analyzers 203 and 204 corresponding to the respective polarization directions are arranged in front of the eyepieces 201 and 202, the polarizing plate 207 and the eyepieces 201 and 202 are arranged.
Even when crosstalk occurs between two light beams when the distance from the light source 02 is large, the crosstalked light in the polarization direction does not pass through the analyzer, and the stereoscopic effect is not impaired. <Second Embodiment> FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, and shows a more specific configuration of an inverted transmission microscope in which a stereoscopic observation function basically similar to that of FIG. 1 is added. It is shown. In the inverted transmission microscope of FIG. 3, in addition to a light source 401, a collector lens 402, a mirror 403, a condenser lens 406, and the like, which are components of a normal illumination optical system,
New light source 407 and polarizing plate 4 to enable stereoscopic vision
05 and a binocular tube portion are added. The binocular tube is integrally formed including a rhomb prism 404, prisms 413 to 415, analyzers 416 and 417, eyepieces 418 and 419, and is supported in a support member 490 as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. Have been put. In this case, the support member 490 can be moved to the left side of the arrow in FIG. 3 to be mounted on the transmission microscope. The light source 407 may be a tungsten lamp or the like used as a normal microscope observation light source. In addition, below the stage 410,
An objective lens 411 for observation of a transmission microscope is arranged.

The polarizing plate 405 is configured in the same manner as in FIG. 2 by combining two polarizing plates 405a and 405b whose polarization directions are orthogonal to each other. Analyzer 416, 417
Are arranged so that the polarization planes to be detected are orthogonal to each other, corresponding to the respective polarization directions of the polarizing plate 405. Polarizing plate 4
Reference numeral 05 needs to be located on the pupil plane of the condenser lens 406, and is set on the same switching means as the phase ring rotation switching board used for differential interference observation. Thereby, the polarizing plate 405 is connected to the condenser lens 40.
6 can be moved in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis m so as to be located on the pupil plane 6, and can be retracted from that position. In this manner, the switching of the polarizing plate 405 can be easily performed by rotation, it is easy to handle, and it is convenient to switch between the stereoscopic observation and the observation by the transmission microscope.

Now, light is emitted from the light source 407 in a direction inclined with respect to the optical axis m of the condenser lens 406, and is irradiated on the sample 409 on the stage 410 and the manipulator tip 408 near the sample 409. Due to this irradiation light, irregularly reflected light is generated at the manipulator tip 408, and this light is collected by the condenser lens 406 and is incident on each of the polarizing plates 405a and 405b. Although various polarization states are mixed in the return light due to the irregular reflection, only two linearly polarized lights whose polarization planes are orthogonal to each other are extracted by passing through the polarizing plate 405, and each of them is shifted from the position decentered with respect to the optical axis m. Emit.

The light split in this way is applied to the rhomb prism 4
04, is redirected by the rhombic prism 404 and guided to the prism 413 and further to 414 and 415, the optical path is divided into two, and these two light fluxes
Since two linearly polarized lights whose polarization planes are orthogonal to each other are included, the respective lights are detected by the analyzers 416 and 417. By observing the images of these lights through the eyepieces 418 and 419, it becomes possible to observe a three-dimensional image of the manipulator tip portion 408.

Further, the rhomb prism 404 and the prism 413
To 415, analyzers 416 and 417, and eyepiece 41
A support member 4 containing a binocular tube section made of 8,419 or the like
90 is moved to the right in the direction of the arrow in FIG.
05 is rotated away from the optical axis m,
Each can be removed from the optical path of the illumination system. Thereby, it is possible to quickly return to the original observation illumination optical system.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to easily switch between the ordinary microscope optical system and the entity observation without the need for tools, which is very simple as compared with the prior art. Further, since the stereoscopic image is an erect image, the direction of fine movement of the manipulator and the direction of stereoscopic vision are in the same direction, and the tip of the manipulator can be easily operated. In addition, it is possible to operate while checking the vicinity of the tip of the manipulator from directly above, and it is not necessary to observe in an unreasonable posture, so it is easy to observe the entity,
It is extremely easy to grasp the position of the tip of the manipulator. Further, unlike the related art, there is no need to dispose the stereoscopic microscope on the side of the transmission microscope, so that the space around the transmission microscope can be spared, and the problem that many devices are arranged in a small space can be solved. <Third Embodiment> FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of the present invention, and shows an inverted transmission microscope constructed similarly to FIG. In FIG. 3, the distal end of the manipulator is illuminated by using an external light source, but in FIG. 4, the built-in light source of the microscope is used as a light source for observation of a real object. This eliminates the need for an external light source and makes it possible to realize a more compact transmission microscope to which an entity observation function is added. FIG.
In FIG. 7, portions having the same functions as in FIG. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 4A is for explaining an illumination state in the present embodiment, and FIG. 4B is for explaining an entity observation state. As shown in FIG. 4A, a half prism 504 is arranged above the polarizing plate 405 on the optical axis m of the condenser lens 406,
The light from the light source 401 of the illumination optical system can be transmitted, and the direction of the optical path of the light emitted from the polarizing plate 405 can be changed to the direction of the prism 413 of the binocular tube at the time of actual observation. The half prism 504 may be formed of another optical element having both the reflection function and the transmission function, and may be, for example, a half mirror.

As shown in FIG. 4A, light emitted from a light source 401 of an illumination optical system built in a transmission microscope exits a collector lens 402, and its direction is directed downward by a mirror 403. The light passes through the half prism 504 and enters the polarizing plate 405. Here, the polarizing plate 405 is the same as that shown in FIG. 2. Light incident on the polarizing plate 405 becomes linearly polarized light orthogonal to each other, enters the condenser lens 406, and is converged and irradiated on the sample 408. . If the tip 408 of the manipulator is located at a position close to the focal position to some extent, light is irradiated to the tip, but at this time, irregular reflection occurs at the tip 408 of the manipulator.

As shown in FIG. 4B, the diffusely reflected light is collected again by the condenser lens 406 and enters the polarizing plate 405. If these lights maintain the same polarization state as at the time of irradiation, they cannot pass through the polarizing plate 505 because the polarization planes are orthogonal, but the polarization plane is usually rotated by irregular reflection. Therefore, light having a component whose polarization direction matches that of the polarizing plate 405 can be transmitted. The transmitted light is converted into a half prism 504
The light is guided to the prism 413, and the optical path is divided into two. These two light fluxes include two linearly polarized lights whose polarization planes are orthogonal to each other. Each light is detected by the analyzers 415 and 417. By observing these light images through eyepieces 418 and 419, the manipulator tip 408
Can be observed.

As described above, according to the embodiment of FIG. 4, the same effect as that of FIG. 3 can be obtained, and it is not necessary to separately arrange a light source at the time of observing the entity. It is preferable because the space around the space can be more relaxed. <Fourth Embodiment> FIGS. 5 and 6 show a fourth embodiment of the present invention, in which a light source constructed in the same manner as in FIG. 4 and incorporated in a transmission microscope is also used for actual observation. However, in FIG. 4, when the surface of the manipulator tip 408 is completely specular, the countermeasure was taken in view of the fact that the image of the manipulator tip may not be visible because the reflected light cannot pass through the polarizing plate. Things. 5 and 6
In FIG. 7, portions having the same functions as those in FIGS. 3 and 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 5A, the light passing through the polarizing plate 405 is reflected by the tip 408 of the manipulator. When the light is completely specularly reflected, the reflected light has the same polarization state as the irradiation light. For this reason, the light cannot pass through the polarizing plate 601 again.

In order to solve this problem, as shown in FIG. 5B, in the present embodiment, a depolarizer (depolarizer) 60 is provided between the polarizing plate 405 and the condenser lens 406.
5 is arranged. Now, in FIG. 5B, the polarizing plate 40
Light 604 passing through the right half area (405a) of 5 is
Depolarized plate 60 which is linearly polarized light but passes next
5, the light is converted into light 606 (herein referred to as “randomly polarized light”) in which elliptically polarized light is collected. The reflected light from the tip 408 of the manipulator again passes through the depolarizing plate 605 and enters the left half area (405b) of the polarizing plate. At this time, since the light 607 is in the state of random polarization, even if the reflected light has the same polarization state as the irradiation light, only the light 608 whose polarization direction matches the right half region (405a) of the light is polarized. It can pass through the plate 405.

FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams showing the overall configuration of a transmission microscope in which the depolarizing plate 605 shown in FIG. 5B is arranged.
It has the same configuration as (a) and (b). According to the transmission microscope shown in FIG. 6, the same effect as in the case of FIG. 4 is obtained, and even if the illumination light is specularly reflected by the manipulator 408,
A three-dimensional image of the tip 408 of the manipulator can be observed. <Fifth Embodiment> FIG. 7 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention, in which a condenser lens of an illumination system in a microscope is used as an objective lens for observing an entity similarly to the above-described embodiment. However, unlike the configuration using the polarizing plate of FIG. 1, the sample can be observed in substance by installing a diaphragm member having two openings on the pupil plane of the condenser lens.

FIG. 7 shows the principle of a transmission microscope provided with a function of observing an entity in this embodiment.
Parts having the same mechanisms as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted. As shown in FIG. 7, an aperture member 625 is provided above the condenser lens 208 of the illumination system of the transmission microscope, and the aperture member 625 is arranged on the pupil plane of the condenser lens 208. FIG. 8 is a plan view of the diaphragm member 625. The diaphragm member 625 is formed in a disk shape and has a pair of openings 625a and 625b provided symmetrically and eccentrically at the center. Light from the condenser lens 208 is applied to each opening 625 of the diaphragm member 625.
a, 625b and split into two light fluxes.

Further, as shown in FIG.
A pair of lens barrels 623 and 624 that respectively hold the lens barrels 202 and 202 and constitute a binocular tube part are provided.
Each of the light beams split by the stop member 625 is incident on the light beams 3, 624 as indicated by the solid and broken arrows in FIG.

Assuming that light reflected by the light source 210 is generated at the tip 209 of the manipulator, the focal point of the condenser lens 208 is set at the tip 2 of the manipulator.
09, the reflected light is reflected by the condenser lens 208.
And enters the aperture member 625. Since the aperture member 625 has two openings 625a and 625b, the light passing through the aperture member 625 is split into two left and right optical paths. These light beams enter the left and right separate lens barrels 623 and 624 of the binocular tube part, and the eyepieces 201 and 202
Tied together as an image.

Here, the principal rays of the two optical paths split by the stop member 625 have an inclination between the condenser lens 208 and the tip 209 of the manipulator, which is the focal position, so that the two eyepieces are used. Lens 20
When the images formed by 1, 202 are viewed with the left and right eyes, respectively, the manipulator tip 209 is observed.
The optical axis of one line of sight is inclined. Thereby, the same effect as in the case of FIG. 1 is obtained, and the distal end 209 of the manipulator can be stereoscopically viewed. <Sixth Embodiment> FIG. 9 shows a sixth embodiment of the present invention, and shows a more specific configuration of an inverted transmission microscope in which a stereoscopic observation function basically similar to that of FIG. 7 is added. 4A and 4B, the built-in light source of the microscope is used as the light source for observation of the entity, similarly to FIGS. 4A and 4B. This eliminates the need for an external light source and makes it possible to realize a more compact transmission microscope to which an entity observation function is added. In FIG. 9, portions having the same functions as those described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, a half prism 704 is disposed on the optical path of the illumination system between the stop member 625 and the mirror 403, and receives light from the light source 401 during actual observation. While the light is transmitted toward the sample 409, two light beams reflected by the sample 409 and divided by the aperture member 625 are deflected from the optical path of the illumination system,
The eyepieces are directed toward the eyepieces 611 and 612, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 9A, light emitted from a built-in microscope light source 401 is collected by a collector lens 402, reflected by a mirror 403, and then reflected by a half prism 7.
Then, the light enters the aperture member 625 through the light emitting element 04. Aperture member 60
5 needs to be on the pupil plane of the condenser lens 406 as described above, but if it is set on a phase ring switching board or the like used for differential interference observation as in the case of the above-described polarizing plate, switching can be easily performed. It is easy to handle. The light that has passed through the aperture member 605 is irradiated by the condenser lens 406 on the tip 409 of the manipulator near the focal position.

As shown in FIG. 9B, the irradiation light causes irregularly reflected light at the tip 409 of the manipulator, and this light is collected again by the condenser lens 406.
The light enters the aperture member 625. The light that has passed through the two openings 625a and 625b of the aperture member 625 is split into two right and left light beams. These rays are transmitted through the half prism 70
The light enters the left and right separate lens barrels (not shown) of the binocular tube part by 4 and is formed as an image by eyepieces 611 and 612. Therefore, by observing the images of these lights through the eyepieces 611 and 612, a three-dimensional image of the tip of the manipulator can be observed.

In FIG. 9, since the built-in light source of the microscope is used, a function of a stereoscopic microscope which is more compact than that of the prior art can be realized, and a space around the microscope can be provided. In addition, by using a half prism, it is possible to perform observation with an inverted transmission microscope without attaching and detaching the binocular tube, so that vibration that is a major problem at the time of minute operation such as using a manipulator can be avoided. ,preferable. In addition, since the manipulator can be operated while confirming the distal end portion from directly above, it is easy to clearly grasp the distal end position of the manipulator. Therefore, the manipulator can be easily operated. <Seventh Embodiment> FIGS. 10 and 11 show a seventh embodiment of the present invention, which is configured in the same manner as FIG. 9, except that an external light source 210 is used to illuminate the sample during observation of the entity. Use
This measure has been taken in view of the fact that if the distance between the aperture member and the eyepiece is increased, a problem may occur in which the two divided light beams crosstalk. FIG.
In the above, portions having the same functions as those described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 10, a pair of openings provided in the diaphragm member 705 with their centers symmetrically eccentric are provided.
Bandpass filter 512 that passes only red light
And a band-pass filter 513 that transmits only blue light. FIG. 11A shows a light transmission wavelength range characteristic of the band-pass filter 512 that transmits only red light.
(B) Bandpass filter 513 that passes only blue light
2 shows the light transmission wavelength range characteristics of FIG. Here, the characteristics of the filters 512 and 513 are determined so that the light transmission wavelength ranges do not overlap. Accordingly, the light beam transmitted through the filter 512 becomes red light that matches the light transmission wavelength range of the filter 512, and the light beam transmitted through the filter 513 becomes blue light that matches the light transmission wavelength range of the filter 513.

The eyepiece 51 in the binocular tube section
Immediately before 6, 517, band-pass filters 514, 515 having the same characteristics as the filters 512, 513 provided in the diaphragm member 705 are arranged. As a result, even if crosstalk occurs between the stop member 705 and the filters 514 and 515, only the image formed by each light beam split by the stop member 705 is transferred to each eyepiece lens 5.
16,517.

Now, light emitted from the external light source 210 illuminates the tip 408 of the manipulator, thereby generating diffusely reflected light. This light is collected by the condenser lens 406 and enters the aperture member 705. Here, the light beam that has passed through the left opening (512) becomes red light that matches the light transmission wavelength region of the filter 512, and the right opening (51).
The light beam transmitted through 3) becomes blue light that matches the light transmission wavelength range of the filter 513. As shown by the solid and wavy arrows in FIG. 10, the respective light beams enter the left and right separate lens barrels (not shown) of the binocular tube by the prism 504 arranged on the optical path of the illumination system. If crosstalk occurs, two light beams enter the lens barrel in a mixed state. However, in FIG.
Since the band-pass filters 514 and 515 are inserted immediately before 6, 517, even if crosstalk occurs, only the image formed by each light beam divided by the aperture member 705 must be observed by the eyepieces 516 and 517. And there is no problem in entity observation.

The binocular tube section including the prism 504, band pass filters 514, 515, eyepieces 516, 517, etc. can be removed from the optical path of the illumination system by swinging out. Thereby, it is possible to quickly return to the original observation illumination optical system.

Incidentally, two polarizing members may be arranged in each opening of the aperture member so that the polarizing directions are orthogonal to each other as shown in FIG.

As described above, according to each embodiment, when the manipulator is operated under the transmission microscope, a stereoscopic function can be easily added to the microscope. It is not necessary to arrange it on the side of. In addition, because the condenser lens of the illumination system built in the microscope is used as the objective lens of the stereo microscope, the manipulator can be observed from the same optical axis direction as the microscope, and the positional relationship between the manipulator and the sample can be grasped compared to the conventional technology. Easy,
Facilitates manipulator operation. In addition, since the function section for stereoscopic observation is integrated with the microscope, observation can be performed in a natural posture, the stereoscopic observation can be easily performed, the configuration can be made very compact, and the space around the microscope can be effectively used.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention. For example, in the present invention, a transmission microscope may be an inverted type or an upright type.

[0054]

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a transmission microscope capable of observing the body and a body observation apparatus detachable from the transmission microscope. Therefore, there is no need to install a stereo microscope separately on the side of the microscope, so the space around the microscope can be used effectively, and no great effort is required for setting the stereo microscope. Can be done with Further, since the condenser lens of the illumination system provided in the microscope is used as the objective lens of the stereoscopic microscope, the stereoscopic observation can be performed from the same optical axis direction as the microscope. Therefore, for example, when manipulating a sample with a manipulator, it is easier to grasp the positional relationship between the manipulator and the sample than in the prior art, and the manipulator operation becomes extremely easy.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a transmission microscope according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view (a) and a side view (b) of the polarizing plate shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a transmission microscope according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view (a) of a sample illumination state and an explanatory view (b) of a stereoscopic observation state of a transmission microscope according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 5A and 5B are explanatory diagrams of a fourth embodiment according to the present invention, in which FIG. 5A is a diagram illustrating a problem in the case of specularly reflected light, and FIG. )
It is.

6A and 6B are explanatory diagrams of a sample illumination state of a transmission microscope according to a fourth embodiment having the configuration of FIG.
FIG. 4B is an explanatory diagram (b) of the entity observation state.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a transmission microscope according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of the aperture member shown in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view (a) of a sample illumination state and an explanatory view (b) of a stereoscopic observation state in the transmission microscope according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a transmission microscope according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

11A is a diagram showing a light transmission wavelength region characteristic (red) of the bandpass filter 512, and FIG.
13 is a diagram (b) showing a light transmission wavelength region characteristic (blue) of No. 13.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional transmission microscope.

[Explanation of symbols]

201, 202, 417, 418 Eyepiece 203, 204, 416, 417 Analyzer 207, 405 Polarizer 208, 406 Condenser lens 209, 408 for illumination system Manipulator tip 210, 407 External light source 211, 409 Sample 212, 410 Stage 401 Light source of illumination system 411 Microscope observation objective lens 404 Diamond prism 413, 414, 415 Prism 490 Support member 504, 704 Half prism 605 Depolarizing plate 625 Aperture member 625a, 625b Opening 725 Aperture member 512, 513, 514 , 515 Bandpass filter m Optical axis of condenser lens

Claims (11)

[Claims] 1. A transmission microscope comprising a stage on which a sample is mounted, an illumination system for irradiating the sample with illumination light via a condenser lens, and an observation optical system for forming an image of the illumination light transmitted through the sample. In the optical system of the illumination system is disposed on the pupil plane of the condenser lens in the optical path, has two partial regions decentered with respect to the optical axis of the condenser lens, the light from the sample in the two partial regions Splitting means for transmitting and splitting into two light fluxes; deflecting means arranged in an optical path of the illumination system, for deflecting the two light fluxes transmitted through the splitting means and removing the two light fluxes from the optical path of the illumination system; And a binocular eyepiece for observing the sample in real form, wherein the two light fluxes deflected by the light beam enter and form images, respectively. 2. The transmission microscope according to claim 1, wherein the two partial regions include a first polarizing member and a second polarizing member whose polarization directions are substantially orthogonal to each other. 3. The transmission microscope according to claim 1, wherein said dividing means comprises a stop member having a pair of openings symmetrical to said optical axis. 4. The analyzer according to claim 2, wherein analyzers corresponding to the respective polarization directions are arranged in the binocular eyepiece.
Transmission microscope as described. 5. A pair of filter means having mutually different light transmission wavelength band characteristics are respectively disposed near said pair of openings, and another filter having the same light transmission wavelength band characteristics as said pair of filter means. 4. The transmission microscope according to claim 3, wherein a pair of filter means are arranged in each of the binocular eyepieces. 6. A light source for illuminating the stage from a direction inclined with respect to an optical axis of the condenser lens, separately from a light source of the illumination optical system. Transmission microscope. 7. A polarized light which is configured to illuminate the stage from a light source of the illumination optical system during a stereoscopic observation, and wherein the splitting unit is disposed between the condenser lens and the first and second polarizing members. The transmission microscope according to claim 2, further comprising a canceling member. 8. The transmission microscope according to claim 1, wherein said deflecting unit transmits said illumination light and irradiates said sample with said illumination light at the time of actual observation. 9. A microscope according to claim 1, further comprising: a holding member for integrally holding said dividing means, said deflecting means and said binocular eyepiece, said holding member being configured to be detachable from said microscope. Item 9. The transmission microscope according to any one of Items 1 to 8. 10. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising switching means for switching said dividing means to be on the optical axis of said condenser lens and for retracting.
The transmission microscope according to any one of the above. 11. A transmission system comprising: a stage on which a sample is mounted; an illumination system for irradiating the sample with illumination light via a condenser lens; and an observation optical system for forming an image of the illumination light transmitted through the sample. Is configured to be detachable from the microscope,
A stereoscopic observation apparatus that performs stereoscopic observation of a sample, wherein when the stereoscopic observation apparatus is mounted on the microscope, the stereoscopic observation apparatus is disposed on a pupil plane of the condenser lens in an optical path of the illumination system, and is disposed on an optical axis of the condenser lens. Splitting means having two partial areas decentered with respect to each other, transmitting light from the sample through the two partial areas and splitting the light into two light beams, when the entity observation device is mounted on the microscope, A deflecting unit that is disposed in the optical path of the illumination system and deflects two light beams transmitted through the dividing unit and removes the two light beams from the optical path of the illumination system; and enters and couples the two light beams deflected by the deflecting unit. And a binocular eyepiece for imaging the sample for stereoscopic observation.