JPH11118121A - Method and apparatus for combusting waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and an apparatus for combusting waste wherein dioxin and carbon monoxide are prevented from being produced and a post processing of combusted ash can be simply achieved, with a simplified construction. SOLUTION: Liquid waste is injected into a fixed furnace 32 and combusted by a burner 7, and solid waste is introduced through an insertion hole 2B into the furnace 32. The solid waste is stirred by stirring apparatuses 61, 62, 63 disposed on the bottom of the furnace 3, and simultaneously air is fed into the solid waste from an air release hole 64 formed in the stirring apparatuses 62, 63 for combustion, and the solid waste is raked in succession toward the center of the furnace 3 and combustion ash is discharged through a discharge hole 55 formed in the center of a hearth 31.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a liquid waste such as bilge waste oil and oil-containing sludge generated in a ship,
More specifically, the method and apparatus for incinerating solid waste such as packaging waste and food residue, and injecting liquid waste into a fixed-type furnace for incineration, and charging solid waste into the furnace TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a waste incineration method and apparatus for contributing to prevention of marine pollution by incineration.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Waste generated in ships varies widely, but mainly includes water leakage, oil leakage, waste, garbage, and so on.
It is roughly divided into packaging waste, sea wedges, and food residue. Among them, water leakage, oil leakage, drainage, and bilge waste oil in which waste oil has fallen to the bottom of the ship during operation or opening of the onboard equipment contain oil components, and the discharge at sea causes pollution. Furthermore, regarding the dumping of these wastes that cause marine pollution at sea, regulations by the MARPOL 73/78 Treaty and the like tend to be more and more strict.

Meanwhile, the performance of conventional waste incinerators provided on ships is not very good because there are no restrictions on the structure and the like. In particular, when a simple incinerator is used, the oil-containing sludge discharged from a fuel purifier, a decanter, a lubricating oil purifier, etc. has a high viscosity and solidifies at room temperature, so only the surface is burned. It resulted in incomplete combustion, and it was impossible to incinerate sufficiently without stirring during combustion.

To cope with this problem, a system for agitating waste, for example, a rotary kiln type or rotary hearth type incinerator has been developed and put to practical use, but a simple incinerator has been used. In some cases, these conventional incinerators include:
There were still the following problems. (1) Incinerators that rotate the entire furnace consume the entire weight of the rotating mechanism, which is not only problematic in terms of mechanism, but also easily broken down. There is a problem in the point. (2) Conventional incinerators inject solid waste in batches and incinerate it.If a large amount of solid waste, including waste plastics, is thrown in at once, combustion ends in the middle of incineration and the combustion temperature rises. Since the incineration process is terminated with the temperature lowered and the combustion is incomplete, or the temperature of the incineration exhaust gas is too high or too low, the combustion becomes unstable, so that dioxin or carbon monoxide may be generated. (3) Conventional incinerators generally do not have an ash removal mechanism, and waste is put in batches, and when incineration is completed after a certain period of time, the incineration ash is discharged manually, so its management is sufficient. In practice, the incineration ash melts and solidifies, which makes ash extraction work difficult. (4) Many conventional incinerators have a temperature higher than the safety standard temperature of 60 ° C. because there are no particular restrictions on the temperature of the outer surface of the incinerator, which is problematic in terms of safety. (5) Advanced treatment incinerators require larger equipment,
The construction cost of the equipment rises significantly.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems associated with the waste incineration treatment by the conventional incinerator.
An object of the present invention is to provide a waste incineration method and an apparatus thereof that can suppress generation of dioxin and carbon monoxide by a simple mechanism and can easily perform post-treatment of incineration ash.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, a waste incineration method according to the present invention is directed to a method of injecting liquid waste into a fixed type furnace to incinerate the same, and solid waste to the furnace. In the incineration method of waste to be thrown into and incinerated, while stirring the solid waste by a stirrer disposed at the bottom of the furnace, air is sent into the solid waste from an air discharge hole formed in the stirrer. At the same time, solid waste is sequentially raked toward the center of the furnace, and incinerated ash is discharged from the center of the furnace bottom.

In order to achieve the same object, a waste incinerator according to the present invention injects liquid waste into a fixed type furnace and incinerates it, and throws solid waste into the furnace. In the incinerator for incinerated waste, a burner for injecting liquid waste into the furnace for incineration is provided, a solid waste inlet is formed, and a hollow stirring shaft is provided at the bottom of the furnace. And a stirrer having an air discharge hole formed therein, and an outlet for incineration ash formed in the center thereof.

The waste incineration method and the waste incineration apparatus inject and incinerate liquid waste into a fixed furnace, and inject solid waste into the furnace for incineration. The liquid waste and the solid waste can be incinerated simultaneously using one incinerator, and the air formed in the agitator is stirred while the solid waste is agitated by an agitator arranged at the bottom of the furnace. By sending air into the solid waste from the discharge hole, the solid waste can be burned stably and completely, and incinerated reliably, and the solid waste is raked sequentially toward the center of the furnace, The incinerated ash can be reliably discharged from the center of the furnace bottom.

In this case, the furnace temperature can be set to 850 ° C. or higher.

As a result, generation of dioxin and carbon monoxide can be reliably suppressed.

Further, the temperature of the incineration exhaust gas can be cooled to approximately 200 ° C. or less by forcibly mixing air with the incineration exhaust gas.

Thus, the generation of dioxin can be reliably suppressed.

The residence time of the solid waste in the furnace is 30
The stirrer can be driven for minutes to 2 hours.

Thus, the solid waste can be completely burned and incinerated reliably, and the incinerated ash can be quickly discharged.

[0015] Further, the outer periphery of the furnace covered with the refractory material is formed by a double wall, so that air is forced to flow through the inside of the double wall, and air that flows through the inside of the double wall is removed. It can be configured to be introduced into a furnace.

Thus, the temperature of the surface of the incinerator is set to a predetermined temperature, more specifically, approximately 60 ° C., which is a safety reference temperature.
It can be reliably suppressed as follows, and can be used as combustion air or air for cooling incineration exhaust gas by introducing the air flowing through the inside of the double wall into the furnace.

[0017]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, an embodiment of a waste incineration method and an apparatus thereof according to the present invention will be described based on a waste incineration apparatus 1 shown in FIGS. The waste incinerator 1 converts liquid waste such as bilge waste oil and solid waste such as oil-containing sludge, packing waste and food residue generated in a ship into dioxin and carbon monoxide. The incineration process can be efficiently performed while suppressing such a phenomenon.

Since the furnace interior 32 of the furnace 3 covered with the refractory material 14A of the waste incinerator 1 is initially cooled, the temperature of the furnace 32 is suitable for incineration of waste to be incinerated. Auxiliary fuel (generally, high-quality fuel) for combustion is injected into the furnace 32 from the burner 7 attached to the front plate 2A until the temperature reaches a predetermined temperature, for example. And inside the furnace 32
When the temperature reaches a temperature suitable for incinerating waste to be incinerated, the auxiliary fuel for combustion is switched to liquid waste such as bilge waste oil to be incinerated, and incineration of liquid waste is started.

At the same time, solid waste such as oil-containing sludge to be incinerated, packaging waste, food residue, etc.
Then, incineration is started in a state where they are put into the furnace 32 and accumulated on the furnace bottom 31.

In this case, the combustion air required for the incineration of the waste is supplied from three directions while cooling each part of the incinerator 1 for the waste. The first air is supplied from a push-in blower 8, branched, and supplied via a combustion air pipe 9 around a front plate 2 </ b> A formed in a double layer,
After cooling the front plate 2A, it is supplied so as to be sucked into the furnace 32 through the air discharge holes 16 formed around the burner 7, and is used for burning liquid waste. The second air is supplied from the push-in blower 8 and is branched to form a bypass pipe 10.
Flows upward through the inside of a hollow stirring shaft 4A penetrating through the furnace bottom 31 constituting the stirring device,
The two arms 63 communicated with A and further flow downward through the interior of the arm support 62 to cool these portions, and then form air discharge holes formed in the lower portion of the arm 63 and the outer periphery of the arm support 62. From 64, the solid waste is supplied to the solid waste deposited on the furnace bottom 31, and is supplied to the combustion of the solid waste. The third air is supplied from a plurality of air inlets 12 formed on the outer peripheral surface near the furnace bottom 31 of the waste incinerator 1 to the furnace by the action of the induction blower 11 provided on the upper part of the waste incinerator 1. The double wall 1 of the incinerator 1
3A, flows through the double wall 13A of the incinerator 1 above through the periphery of the solid waste inlet 2B formed in the double layer and cools these parts.
The air is supplied so as to be sucked into the furnace 32 from a plurality of air discharge holes 15 formed in the 4A, and a part of the air is discharged to burn waste. Thereby, the durability of the part cooled by air is improved, and the waste incinerator 1
The temperature rise on the outer surface is suppressed to about 60 ° C. or less, which is the safety reference temperature.

On the other hand, the double wall 13B of the incinerator 1 formed above the double wall 13A of the incinerator 1 and partitioned by the partition plate 18A2 is provided above the waste incinerator 1. The cooling air taken in from the first damper 18A1 is introduced by the negative pressure caused by the action of the induction blower 11, so that the temperature rise on the outer surface of the waste incinerator 1 is suppressed to about 60 ° C. or less, which is the safety reference temperature. I do.

The air introduced into the double wall 13B of the incinerator main body 1 is introduced into the incineration exhaust gas cooling chamber 19 whose periphery is covered with the heat insulating material 14B via the second damper 18B1,
By mixing with the incineration exhaust gas discharged from the furnace outlet 17, the temperature of the incineration exhaust gas is rapidly cooled to approximately 200 ° C. or less which is necessary for preventing generation of dioxin.

As shown in FIG. 2, an opening 18B10 is formed in the second damper 18B1, and the opening 18B10 and the second damper 1
Opening 18B20 formed in 8B1 support plate 18B2
Thus, the handle 18B11 of the second damper 18B1 can be adjusted to adjust the opening area thereof.

When incinerating waste consisting of liquid waste and solid waste in the furnace 32 and the furnace bottom 31, by supplying sufficient combustion air necessary for incineration of the waste, the temperature of the furnace 32 is reduced. Is set to 850 ° C. or higher to thereby suppress the generation of dioxin and carbon monoxide.
It burns completely at a temperature of 50 ° C. or more and reaches the furnace outlet 17,
In the process, the air is mixed with the air used for cooling the double wall portion 13A of the incinerator 1, and further in the incineration exhaust gas cooling chamber 19 provided immediately thereafter, the first damper 1 is newly added.
The supply amount is adjusted by the 8A1 and the second damper 18B1 and mixed with the air that has flowed into the incineration exhaust gas cooling chamber 19, whereby it is rapidly cooled to approximately 200 ° C. or less necessary to prevent generation of dioxin. Then, the air is discharged to a dust collector (not shown) or to the atmosphere via an exhaust gas outlet 20 via an induced blower 11.

Further, in the present embodiment, a third damper 18C is provided in the incineration exhaust gas cooling chamber 19, and air is directly introduced from the third damper 18C to further dilute and cool the incineration exhaust gas. The temperature of the incineration exhaust gas can be reliably cooled to approximately 200 ° C. or less.

In order to inject the liquid waste into the furnace 32,
As the burner 7 disposed on the front plate 2A, any type of burner such as a steam spray type, an air spray type, or a rotary type can be used.

The solid waste is introduced into the furnace 32 through the inlet 2B and is deposited on the furnace bottom 31. The solid waste is ignited by the high-temperature atmosphere in the furnace 32 and incinerated by supplying combustion air. At that time, the furnace bottom 31
And two arms 63 formed integrally with the hollow stirring shaft 4A penetrating the arm 63, and are provided at appropriate positions on the arms 63.
The stirring device including the arm support 62 having the scraper 61 is driven to rotate by the driving device 4B via the stirring shaft 4A. As described above, the scraper 61 stirs the solid waste deposited on the furnace bottom 31 so as to excavate the solid waste, and also uniformly and positively supplies the combustion air into the solid waste to promote the combustion of the solid waste. To do it. Thereby, solid waste can be completely burned and incinerated reliably.

In this case, the number of rotations per hour of the stirring shaft 4A of the stirrer is set to several rotations so that the residence time of the solid waste in the furnace is about 30 minutes to 2 hours. Scraper 61 according to the rotation speed
Angle and so on. More specifically, the number of rotations per hour of the stirring shaft 4A of the stirring device is set to about 3 to 10 rotations, and the scraper 61 is formed of a rectangular plate, and is inward with respect to the traveling direction. 10 ° ~ 2
It is attached to the arm support 62 so as to be about 0 ° and about 30 ° with the tip down, and the lower end thereof is at a height of about 20 mm to several tens mm from the furnace bottom 31.

The stirring shaft 4A, the scraper 61, the arm support 62 and the arm 63 are easily damaged by being exposed to the high temperature atmosphere in the furnace 32.
It is desirable to design so that it can be easily replaced.

Further, the incineration ash remaining after the solid waste is completely burned at the furnace bottom 31 is sequentially moved around the stirring shaft 4A at the center of the furnace bottom 31 by the action of the scraper 61 accompanying the rotation of the stirring shaft 4A. The ash scraping plate 53 fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the incineration ash discharge port 55, the ash scraping plate 54 fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the stirring shaft 4A, The ash is scraped off by an ash scraping plate 52 fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the stirring shaft 4 </ b> A at a lower position, and is accommodated in the incineration ash duct 51. The incineration ash contained in the incineration ash duct 51 is discharged to the ash sump 56 by opening the ash extraction damper 57 disposed below the incineration ash duct 51.
The ash scrapers 53 and 54 fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the discharge port 55 and the outer peripheral surface of the stirring shaft 4A are formed in a quarter circle.
The stirring shaft 4A is attached with an inclination of about 10 ° upward in the rotation direction.

[0031]

According to the waste incineration method and the waste incineration apparatus of the present invention, liquid waste is injected into a fixed furnace for incineration, and solid waste is introduced into the furnace. By incineration, the liquid waste and the solid waste can be simultaneously incinerated using one incinerator, and the solid waste is stirred while being stirred by a stirrer provided at the bottom of the furnace. By sending air into the solid waste through the air discharge holes formed in the stirrer, the solid waste can be stably and completely burned and incinerated, and the solid waste can be centered in the furnace. The incinerated ash can be reliably discharged from the center of the furnace bottom. Thereby, the generation of dioxin and carbon monoxide can be suppressed, the entire apparatus can be made very compact, and the entire mechanism including the drive mechanism of the stirrer can be simplified. Since it can reduce costs and is easy to handle and does not require maintenance and management, it is versatile and can be widely applied from large vessels to small vessels, contributing to the prevention of marine pollution. be able to.

Further, the temperature in the furnace can be set to 850 ° C. or higher, whereby the generation of dioxin and carbon monoxide can be reliably suppressed.

Further, the temperature of the incineration exhaust gas can be cooled to approximately 200 ° C. or less by forcibly mixing air with the incineration exhaust gas, whereby the generation of dioxin can be reliably suppressed.

The residence time of the solid waste in the furnace is 30
The stirrer can be driven for a period of minutes to two hours, whereby the solid waste can be completely burned and incinerated reliably, and the incinerated ash can be quickly discharged.

Further, the outer periphery of the furnace covered with the refractory material is formed by a double wall so that air is forced to flow through the inside of the double wall and air that flows through the inside of the double wall is removed. By being configured to be introduced into the furnace, the temperature of the surface of the incinerator can be reliably reduced to a predetermined temperature, more specifically, a safety reference temperature of approximately 60 ° C. or less,
The air circulating inside the double wall is introduced into the furnace, and can be used as combustion air or air for cooling incineration exhaust gas.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front vertical sectional view showing one embodiment of a waste incinerator according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Incinerator 2A Front plate 2B Inlet 3 Furnace 31 Furnace bottom 32 Furnace 4A Stirring shaft 4B Drive device 51 Ash duct 52 Ash scraper 53 Ash scraper 54 Ash scraper 55 Discharge port 56 Ash reservoir 57 Ashing damper 61 Scraper 62 Arm support 63 Arm 64 Air release hole 7 Burner 8 Push-in blower 9 Combustion air tube 10 Bypass tube 11 Induced blower 12 Air intake 13A Double wall 13B Double wall 14A Fireproof material 14B Insulation material 15 Air release hole 16 Air discharge hole 17 Furnace outlet 18A1 First damper 18A2 Partition plate 18B1 Second damper 18B10 Opening 18B11 Handle 18B2 Support plate 18B20 Opening 18C Third damper 19 Incineration exhaust gas cooling chamber 20 Exhaust gas exhaust outlet

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Yoshiaki Tsuji 1-338 Nonakakita, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Osaka Inside Volcano Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Takashi Kurimoto 1-3-3 Nonakakita, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Osaka No. 38 Volcano Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Tadaaki Uehara 3-38 Nonakakita, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Osaka Prefecture Volcano Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Seiji Kanamori 1-chome, Nonakakita, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Osaka Vol.3 No.38 Inside Volcano Co., Ltd.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A waste incineration method in which liquid waste is injected into a fixed furnace for incineration, and solid waste is charged into the furnace for incineration. While agitating the solid waste with the device, air is fed into the solid waste from an air discharge hole formed in the stirring device, and the solid waste is sequentially scraped toward the center of the furnace, and the incinerated ash is removed from the bottom of the furnace. Waste incineration method characterized by discharging from the center. 2. The method for incinerating waste according to claim 1, wherein the generation of dioxin and carbon monoxide is suppressed by setting the furnace temperature to 850 ° C. or higher. 3. The waste according to claim 1, wherein the generation of dioxin is suppressed by forcibly mixing air with the incineration exhaust gas to cool the temperature of the incineration exhaust gas to approximately 200 ° C. or less. Incineration method. 4. The residence time of solid waste in a furnace is 30 minutes or more.
The waste incineration method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the stirring device is driven for two hours. 5. A waste incineration apparatus in which liquid waste is injected into a fixed furnace for incineration, and solid waste is introduced into the furnace for incineration. In addition to arranging a burner that injects and burns in
An inlet for solid waste was formed, a stirrer equipped with a scraper on a hollow stirring shaft at the bottom of the furnace, and an air discharge hole was provided, and an outlet for incinerated ash was formed at the center thereof. A waste incineration apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. 6. An outer periphery of a furnace covered with a refractory material is formed by a double wall, and air inside the double wall is forcibly circulated. The waste incinerator according to claim 5, wherein the waste is introduced into a furnace.