JPH11117352A - Crane for top-down construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To facilitate vertical transfer and horizontal transfer in a top-down construction method by detachably fitting weight blocks at both sides of the caterpillar of a caterpillar-type crane to have an equal weight. SOLUTION: Blocks 2 to increase the own weight of a backhoe 1 body, composed of one or more metallic or concrete bodies or composite materials thereof, are detachably fitted to both sides of the caterpillar 14, in the backhoe 1 in which a clamshell bucket 11 is vertically operated through an arm 12 and wires 13. By fitting the blocks 2 for increasing the weight, the backhoe 1 body is stabilized even in vertical lifting of soil. It is preferable that the ratio of the longest horizontal distance LM from the gravitational center of the backhoe 1 body to the loading point of the arm 12 to the horizontal distance L to the tumbling center point is made as LM/L=3-25. Accordingly, even in a narrow space, soil can be vertically lifted stably or other materials can be horizontally transferred stably.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The invention of this application relates to a crane for a reverse strike method. More specifically, it is useful in the reverse construction method of a building that also performs underground construction, it is easy to arrange on site, it can be operated stably even in narrow spaces, and it can greatly improve construction efficiency,
The present invention relates to a new hoist that runs on a caterpillar such as a backhoe or a crane.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, effective utilization of underground space has been called for in urban areas, and underground construction has been increasing in size and depth. On the other hand, construction work requires a short construction period in order to pursue economic efficiency. In order to meet these needs and to ensure the safety of the retaining frame, the reverse construction method is increasingly used for underground construction. However, in the case of adopting the reverse striking method, since the first floor is constructed first, this frame becomes an obstacle, and the excavation efficiency is reduced. In addition, since the use of a lifting machine such as a crane is restricted in underground skeleton work, the reverse hitting method has a drawback such as a decrease in productivity. In order to solve these drawbacks, the improvement of the underground construction method in the reverse construction method and the development of equipment for it have been actively promoted.

[0003] Despite these studies, however, this method of reverse striking still eliminates the problems associated with the vertical transport of earth lifting and lifting, the horizontal transport of heavy objects during construction of an underground skeleton, and its installation. I haven't. In the former unloading work for lifting root excavated soil on the ground, crawler-type clamshells and pipe clams are generally used at present. However, as shown in FIG. 8, for example, because of their low earth unloading capacity and soil collection capacity, it is necessary to provide several temporary openings on the first floor, and to arrange machines at each temporary opening as needed. Yes, and these machines
A large work space is required on the ground to rotate the boom during work. In addition, since the lifting work at the time of constructing the underground skeleton is also performed using the temporary opening, the work space in the above-ground portion is similarly occupied. Therefore, it is difficult to carry out simultaneous construction of ground and underground construction, which is the original purpose of the reverse construction method.

[0004] In general, the amount of material input into an underground skeleton is larger than that of an upper skeleton. Therefore, PC of the member,
In recent years, the adoption of a compound construction method such as S fabrication and unitization has been increasing even in the case of a reverse striking method. On the other hand, the composite tends to increase the size of the member and increase the weight. However, in the reverse construction method, the work space is closed by the upper skeleton, which is constructed in advance, and the horizontal transfer and installation of members in a narrow space of about 2 m in height is a problem. ing. In other words, under the current state of horizontal transportation when constructing an underground skeleton in the reverse driving method, when using a mini crane type lifting machine, the installation height due to the boom at the time of transportation and installation on the root cutting ground becomes a problem. When using an overhead crane, the range of use is 1
There is a problem that it is difficult to cope with one crane because it is limited to the span, and the necessity of a transport and an installation machine suitable for the reverse strike method is increasing.

An object of the invention of the present application is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and to provide a new means that can easily and easily perform vertical conveyance and horizontal conveyance in a reverse driving method. It is intended to be.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems The invention of this application is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and relates to a lifting machine for a building reverse hitting method. A reverse striking method, characterized in that one or more metal or concrete or a composite block thereof is detachably mounted so as to have a weight so that the lifting machine during the lifting operation is stabilized. A hoist (claim 1) is provided.

[0007] Further, the invention of this application relates to
A lifting machine in which a plurality of weighting blocks are attached by being restrained by a steel band (Claim 2), a lifting machine in which an outrigger is provided at a lower outer end of each of the weighting blocks in a non-contact state with the ground ( claim 3), the maximum horizontal distance (L _M) and lift the ratio of the horizontal distance (L) to fall core point during heavy load load L _M / L up to the arm load bearing point from the center of gravity of the crane body = 3 to 25, and the lifting machine main body and the no-load arm are kept in balance (Claim 4)
In a hoist in which the hoist is a backhoe with a clamshell bucket (claim 5), in a backhoe having a fall center point at one of the right and left caterpillar end points, a horizontal plane from the fall center point to the center of gravity of the left and right weight increasing blocks. The distance ratio is 6.
A hoisting machine within the range of 5 to 8.5 (Claim 6) The horizontal distance (L ₀ ) from the center of the backhoe body overturning to the center of gravity of the shortest intensifying block, and to the backhoe arm load load point Of the longest horizontal distance (L _W ) is L _W / L ₀ =
The hoisting machine within the range of 12 to 14 (claim 7), and furthermore, the hoisting machine wherein the hoisting machine is a horizontal crane (claim 8), and the metal forming the block is iron, lead or copper, or those The hoist (invention 9), which is an alloy of (1) and the intensifying block, have, as one embodiment, a hoist (invention 10) in which massive or plate-like lead is inserted into an iron container.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The invention of this application has the features as described above, and the embodiments will be described in more detail below. First, as the lifting machine of the present invention, a small caterpillar traveling lifting machine that can be used for a reverse hitting method, capable of performing vertical lifting and horizontal lifting and horizontal lifting transportation. ing.

This lifting machine may be a backhoe, a crane, or the like. In any case, the above-mentioned increasing blocks are removably attached to both sides of the caterpillar so as to have substantially the same weight. It is supposed to be. For example, in the lifting machine of the present invention illustrated in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 and the plan view of FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawings, the clamshell bucket (11) is operated vertically through the arm (12) and the wire (13). In order to increase the weight of the backhoe (1), a block (2) made of at least one metal or concrete or a composite thereof is provided on each side of the caterpillar (14). ) Is detachably attached. By attaching the weight increasing block (2), the backhoe (1) body becomes
It will be stabilized without falling down during vertical lifting and lifting. With a large bucket capacity, even if there is a danger of the backhoe (1) falling, the presence of the block (2) stabilizes the backhoe (1), reducing the danger and making it possible to actually prevent the falling.

One or more, for example, a plurality of weighting blocks (2) are attached.
This attachment is made possible by providing a hook or other locking portion on the backhoe (1) main body and locking the hook, wire or the like attached to the block to this locking portion. Also, as shown in FIG. 1, the block (2) is balanced on both sides of the caterpillar (14) by hanging the arm (12) of the backhoe (1) and the wire (13) (FIG. 1: A). Can be locked and attached.

When a metal is used in the construction of the block (2), its type can be determined in consideration of its workability, specific gravity, availability, strength, and the like. Lead, copper, or alloys thereof are considered as typical examples. These can also be considered as composites with concrete. In the lifting machine according to the present invention comprising the backhoe with the clamshell bucket described above, the vertical conveyance such as lifting and lifting is small and stable, and the efficiency is improved. As is clear from FIG. 1, even in a place where the outriggers cannot be used in the upside down method, a large bucket capacity, for example, 1
As a m ³ or 2 m ³ lifting machine, large-capacity underground sediment discharge, material transportation to the underground, etc., as well as pillars (3) and beams (4) on the upper floor including the first floor first Construction can be performed, and the construction period can be shortened.

The most significant feature of the reverse beating method is that the underground work and the above-ground work can be performed in parallel at the same time, and there is a great merit that the work period is shortened. For this purpose, it is a very large construction period to discharge a large amount of sand from the underground in a narrow space with pillars and beams above the ground, and to discharge the sediment deep (with a target of about 25m) as deep as possible using a large vertical lifting bucket. It leads to shortening.

FIG. 3 shows the clamshell bucket (1).
1) In the lifting machine of the present invention as a backhoe with
It is a dimension display figure for studying the additional weight (W) by the said block (2). For example, the bucket is 2m ³
With a specific gravity of 1.6 tons / m ³ , the weight of the sand is 3.2 tons, the weight of the bucket is 1.2 tons, the weight of the ropes is 0.2 tons, the margin is 0.4 tons, and the total capacity is 5 tons. Is to be stably lifted vertically. In the example of FIG. 3, when the backhoe (1) body and the arm (12) are balanced, the clockwise turning moment (MR) is: MR = (5 × 5.15) + (W × 0.4) The overturning moment (ML) is expressed as ML = W × 2.9, and is derived as W> 10.3 ton from ML> MR. Assuming that the material of the block (2) is lead,
Since its specific gravity is 11.4, W = 0.6 × 2 × 0.8 × 11.4, that is, W becomes about 11 tons, and the block (2) of this weight is placed on the left and right sides of the backhoe (1) main body. Need to be deployed. For this reason, the dimensions shown in FIG.
For example, it is understood that the block (2) divided into four may be attached to each of both sides of the caterpillar (14).
Lead itself is very difficult to process, so the outer mold size is 80 width.
0, length 500, height 600, thickness 6mm, excellent workability of 4 steel plate containers. By inserting lead into these containers, it is possible to make a weight of 11 tons on one side with relatively small capacity. it can. In the case of a weight of iron alone, a weight of 1.41 m ^{3 with} a specific gravity of iron of 7.8 can provide a 11-ton counterweight.

Assuming that a bucket of 2 m ³ is used and the specific gravity of the earth and sand is 1.6 tons / m ³ , the weight of the earth and sand is 3.2 tons, but in reality, about 80% of the volume of the earth and sand is scooped up. Therefore, assuming that 80% of the volume is scooped up, 2 m ³ × 1.6 (specific gravity) × 0.8 (rate) × 4 (times) = 1
By raising and lowering the bucket four times by 0.24 tons, the dump truck of 10 tons becomes full, and the discharge of the earth and sand proceeds at a high speed.

As shown in FIG. 3, a small back horn is used to lift a 5-ton heavy object at a point of 6.4 m. Outriggers (8) may be provided at four locations to take measures such as overturn prevention. It must also be considered to attach to the weight block (2) a lifting device (9) that can be removed with a small crane when attaching and detaching. That is, if the 11-ton weight is divided into four parts, the weight is 2.75 tons per one split piece.

[0016] In a building site using such a normal upside-down method, the standard distance between columns is 6.4 m. Therefore, the minimum reach of the arm is 6.4m. Even if the distance between the pillars exceeds 6.4 m, it can sufficiently cope with the case where the arm reaches 6.4 m. However, in the present invention, the longest horizontal distance (L _M ) from the center of gravity of the backhoe (1) main body as a lifting machine to the load point of the arm (12) and the horizontal distance (L) to the tipping center point
The ratio between, it is desirable in the L _M / L = 3~25, in the example of FIG. 3, at 6.4 m / 1.25 m, to about 5.
It is one.

The ratio of the longest horizontal distance (L _W ) to the arm load point with respect to the horizontal distance (L ₀ ) from the falling center point to the center of gravity of the shortest weighting block is L _M / L. ₀ = 1
2-14 are desirable. Actually, in the example of FIG.
0.4m, about 12.9. Furthermore, it is preferable that the ratio of the horizontal distance between the center of gravity of the left and right weighting blocks and the center point of the fall is 6.5 to 8.5, and in the example of FIG.
At 2.9 m / 0.4 mm, it is set to about 7.3.

The above ratio is an important guide for the actual lifting machine for the reverse hitting site construction according to the present invention, and if it is outside this range, the arrangement of the intensifying block is quite difficult. It will be. In the present invention, for example, FIG.
The load of the arm (12) is well balanced by the weight of the backhoe (1) itself. The floor design is constructed so that it can withstand the load of the floor sufficiently even if it attaches a weight of 11 tons on one side and twice that of 22 tons on both sides, and
It is possible to run on level ground with a weight of 22 tons. However, at the time of loading, it is considered that the back horn (with bucket) and the weight are loaded by separate trailers and trucks.

The mechanism for attaching and detaching the weighting block (2) is shown in FIG. 4 as an example.
A method of tightening with 0) can be considered. A side sectional view of FIG. 5 and a plan view of FIG. 6 show a caterpillar traveling horizontal crane as another example of the present invention. Also in this example, on both sides of the caterpillar (51) of the main body (5),
The block (2) similar to the above is detachably attached. Thereby, a heavy material, for example, a material such as a beam or a reinforcing bar can be efficiently horizontally conveyed even if there are existing columns, ceilings (6), beams (7) and the like.

The crane can also be moved up and down, as shown in FIG.
For example, horizontal conveyance by a remote control on the upper floor is also possible. In other words, various methods have been devised for the transport of materials on the basement floor in the reverse construction method. For example, a wire rope was attached to the upper beam, a hanging device with the beam attached to the base, and a hoist crane was used to lift and rebar the steel bar and transport it horizontally. And has not been put to practical use. Also, overhead cranes have been experimentally constructed, but they have not been put into practical use like hoist cranes. At present, a large amount of time and manpower is spent on carrying heavy loads for work on the basement floor, such as carrying several reinforcing bars or the like by hand or by hand pallets. The present invention proposes horizontal cranes FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 equipped with a detachable increasing block (2) for preventing a fall. For example, attach 22 tons of weight,
The tip of the crane is 10 meters long and can lift a load of 1 ton at the tip. The work carried by humans with the horizontal crane which moves by the caterpillar which expands / contracts is greatly reduced, and the work efficiency is improved.

Of course, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and various details can be made.

[0022]

As described in detail above, according to the invention of this application, the construction of columns, beams, etc. on the upper floors is preceded or performed simultaneously in the upside-down construction method, and the construction of the present invention is carried out on the basement floors. Heavy machinery enables efficient, stable vertical lifting, lifting, or horizontal lifting and conveying even in tight spaces.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing an example of a lifting machine for vertical transport according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the lifting machine corresponding to FIG.

FIG. 3 is a side sectional view and a perspective view showing an example of a hoist and a block size.

FIG. 4 is a side view exemplifying attachment of a weight increasing block.

FIG. 5 is a side sectional view showing an example of the hoisting machine for horizontal conveyance according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of the lifting machine corresponding to FIG.

FIG. 7 is a side sectional view exemplifying vertical movement and horizontal conveyance corresponding to FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of the reverse driving method.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 backhoe 11 clamshell bucket 12 arm 13 wire 14 caterpillar 2 block 3 pillar 4 beam 5 horizontal crane 51 caterpillar 52 telescopic boom 53 elevating post 6 ceiling 7 beam 8 outrigger 9 hanging tool 10 dump truck 20 steel band

Claims (10)

[Claims] Claims: 1. A lifting machine for a building reverse hitting method, comprising:
A counter-strike characterized in that one or more intensifying blocks made of metal or concrete or a composite thereof are detachably mounted so as to have an equal weight, and the lifting machine at the time of lifting operation is stabilized. Lift for construction method. 2. A crane for a reverse hitting method according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of weight increasing blocks are attached by being restrained by a steel band. 3. The lower end of the outer side of each weighting block,
3. The lifting machine according to claim 1, wherein the outrigger is disposed in a non-contact state with the ground. 4. The ratio of the longest horizontal distance (L _M ) from the center of gravity of the hoisting machine to the arm load load point to the horizontal distance (L) to the overturning center point under load of the hoisting machine is L _M / L. = 3-2
5. The hoist according to claim 1, wherein the hoist main body and the no-load arm are balanced. 5. The crane according to claim 1, wherein the crane is a backhoe with a clamshell bucket. 6. In a backhoe having a fall center point at one of the left and right caterpillar end points, the ratio of the horizontal distance from the fall center point to the center of gravity of the left and right increasing blocks is 6.5 to 8.0.
The crane according to claim 5, which is within the range of (5). 7. The ratio of the longest horizontal distance (L _W ) to the backhoe arm load point to the horizontal distance (L ₀ ) from the tipping point of the backhoe body to the center of gravity of the shortest intensifying block. , reverse strike method for crane according to claim 5 or 6 in the range of L _W / L ₀ = 12~14. 8. The lifting machine according to claim 1, wherein the lifting machine is a horizontal crane. 9. The crane according to claim 1, wherein the metal constituting the block is iron, lead, copper, or an alloy thereof. 10. The lifting machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the intensifying block is formed by inserting massive or plate-like lead into an iron container.