JPH11100583A - Process for gasifying compressed or compressible organic material and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gasification process for producing a combustion gas rich in hydrogen/carbon monoxide without containing hydrocarbons, dioxin and furan and a solid residue utilizable without any other post-treatment or easily discardable without pretreating and pulverizing agricultural and forestal products, waste paper, textile products, etc., with heat. SOLUTION: A material to be gasified is brought into a gasification chamber 7 in the form of a package by a plunger 3 and a feed controlling device 5 or in the form of loose, coarse substances by an adjustable stuffing screw. This fuel is heated at a temperature of higher than the melting points of mineral components of the fuel by a pilot and auxiliary burner 10 and maintained at a temperature of about 1,200-1,800 deg.C by the gasification of the fuel. The gasification reaction and the temperature within gasification chamber 7 are monitored and controlled by a live gas temperature measuring, controlling and monitoring device 24 and in this instance, the live gas temperature measurement signal alters the fuel feeding 2 and 5, the amount of oxygen 11 and that of steam 28.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method for gasifying compressed and compressible organic materials into CO and H ₂ -rich combustion gases and to an apparatus for carrying out this method.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This process treats recycled agricultural and forestry products, such as straw, reeds, other stem products, etc., waste paper, textiles, wool, and combustible fibrous materials into combustion gases. It can be used at any place. The main characteristics of the material to be treated are that it is almost dry, has poor fluidity and transportability, and is difficult or partially impossible to process into a finely divided material.

[0003] In the known state of the art, such materials are previously coarsely crushed, homogenized by heat, weakened by heat and then crushed finely in the treatment stage before gasification. The heat treatment is usually performed in a pyrolysis stage.
In this pyrolysis stage, the pyrolysis product is separated into pyrolysis coke, pyrolysis gas and liquid product, which is costly and problematic. Such a complex method is described in the THERMOSELECT method according to EP 0520086,
MOELL- according to German Patent No. 4139512
KONVERSIONS METHOD AND EP 060092
No. 3 and German Patent No. 4123406
VTA-also known as flight stream gasification. When using residual refuse or other inorganic and organic toxic substances, high investment and operating costs are required due to the drying and pyrolysis stage located before the flight stream gasification and fixed bed gasification . Thus, gasification processes that produce products that are substantially free of toxic substances cannot compete with composting, dumping or incineration, among others. There is no technically simple one-step gasification process for non-flowable and non-transportable materials. This material is probably left for use in combustion equipment without costly pretreatment.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object underlying the present invention is to contain hydrocarbons, dioxins and furans without pretreating and pulverizing regenerated agricultural and forestry products, waste paper, textiles, etc. by heat. It is an object of the present invention to provide a gasification process which produces a combustion gas rich in hydrogen / carbon monoxide and a solid residue which can be used or easily discarded without further work-up.

[0005]

This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and an apparatus having the features of claim 5.

The dependent claims set forth advantageous embodiments of the invention. In the solution according to the invention, industrial and agriculturally prepared, sized bales of old textile and stem products,
Bulk or fibrous material that has been pre-crushed is pushed by a plunger or by a stuffing screw into a horizontally arranged gasification chamber that is operated at about atmospheric pressure. The temperature in the gasification chamber is kept higher than the melting temperature of the mineral component of the substance to be gasified. This is done only by the ignition and auxiliary burner when starting the gasifier, and in continuous operation by partially oxidizing the substance to be gasified with oxygen. On the one hand, primary oxygen is blown directly into the fuel passage end. That is, the fuel to be gasified is directly blown into the gasification chamber. On the other hand, during disassembly of the fuel bundle and when falling into a sludge tank surrounded by a cooling shield,
Secondary oxygen is blown. A reduced atmosphere is maintained in the gasification chamber. Due to the temperature of 1200-1800 ° C., all hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons (dioxins, furans) are decomposed and the mineral components are melted. The melt is collected in a sludge tank in the gasification chamber, and overflows from a sludge discharge body that reaches vertically into the gasification chamber to reach the quenching chamber. The sludge tank in the gasification chamber is formed by a cooling shield such that a thick and dense solid sludge layer is formed by cooling the molten sludge through the cooling shield. This sludge layer protects the metal part of the cooling shield in a ceramic manner. The gaseous gas enriched in H ₂ / CO enters the quenching chamber via the sludge discharger, where the gasified gas or raw gas is cooled to below 100 ° C. by the quenching water to elute the sludge into a glassy state. Into granules. The raw gas flows out from the side of the quenching chamber to another raw gas purifying and desulfurizing section, and the granules fall into the water immersion section and are mechanically discharged therefrom.

[0007] In the present invention, the conversion of fuel to CO and H ₂ ,
Melting of the decreasing atmosphere and the mineral components of the fuel in the gasification chamber is monitored and controlled by a non-lagging temperature measurement of the raw gas before exiting the gasification chamber. Depending on this temperature,
Fuel feed and primary / secondary oxygen supply are controlled, and steam supply from auxiliary burners is controlled. For driving guidance and monitoring, measurement of the oxygen content of the raw gas after quenching is used. This oxygen content measurement serves as validity illumination for temperature measurement and control.

[0008] Purified raw gas, ie pure nagas, is used to supply gas engines for generating electrical energy, and granules are used to supply building materials in the building materials industry. The self-generated pure gas can also be used as combustion gas for pilot and auxiliary burners.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described in detail with reference to two figures and embodiments. FIG. 1 shows a gasifier according to the invention as used to gasify a fuel bundle (bundle). The fuel bundle is supplied from the fuel supply casing 1 to the fuel inlet passage 4. A plunger 3 is provided in the fuel inlet passage. The plunger feeds the fuel bundle via the plunger drive 2 and conveys it to the adjusting device 5. The feed adjusting device 5 can be provided with a circulating endless push belt whose speed can be controlled. The push belt carries the fuel to the fuel passage end 6. A primary oxygen supply unit 13 is open at the end of the fuel passage. The fuel passage end 6 is open to the combustion chamber 7.
A primary oxygen nozzle 22 is provided at one end of the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber 7 further has a secondary oxygen supply section 11, an ignition and auxiliary burner (ignition and support burner) 10, and supply sections for combustion gas 26, oxygen 27 and water vapor 28. The combustion chamber 7 is surrounded by a cooling shield 9 forming a slug tank 8. The slug tank collects the slug, which can leave the combustion chamber 7 via a slug discharge 14 to be cooled. The combustion chamber 7 is provided with a temperature measurement, temperature adjustment and temperature monitoring device 24. The secondary oxygen supply 11 is performed via an oxygen annular tube 12. Below the gasification chamber 7, a quenching chamber 1
6 are provided. The quenching chamber is provided with a quenching water supply unit 15, a raw gas discharge unit 17, and a granule outlet 18. The raw gas discharge unit 17 is further provided with an oxygen measurement and monitoring point 29.

FIG. 2 shows a stuffing screw 19 provided with an adjusting drive as fuel supply.
1 shows a gasifier according to the invention. This is particularly the case when the combustion material to be charged is a combustion raw material.
The raw material for combustion raw material is supplied to the fuel supply casing 1, captured by the packing screw 19, and conveyed to the fuel inlet passage 4. A primary oxygen supply section 13, a cooling water inlet 20, and a cooling water outlet 21 are provided in the fuel inlet passage. The fuel passage end 6, which is surrounded by the primary oxygen nozzle 22, opens into the combustion chamber 7 of the gasification reactor. This combustion chamber 7 is likewise checked by a temperature measurement, temperature regulation and temperature monitoring device 24, the upper part of which is surrounded by a refractory support structure 25 and the lower part by a cooling shield 9. Further, a slug tank 8 is provided in the lower part. A slug discharging body 14 to be cooled is inserted into the slug tank. On the other side of the cooling shield 9, an ignition and auxiliary burner 10 protrudes. Combustion gas 26, oxygen 27 and water vapor 28 reach the combustion chamber 7 from the ignition and auxiliary burner 10. Further, a secondary oxygen supply unit 11 is inserted into the combustion chamber 7 from the annular pipe 12. The slug reaches the quench chamber 16 from the slug discharge 14 to be cooled. Raw gas discharge 17 and granule discharge 18 are performed from the quenching chamber. The quenching water supply unit 15 is provided in an upper part of the quenching chamber 16. A granule collecting and discharging device 23 is provided below the quenching chamber 16. Further, the raw gas discharge section 17 is provided with an oxygen measurement and monitoring point 29.

In this embodiment, waste paper as a coarse substance is carried into the combustion chamber 7 by means of an adjustable stuffing screw 19. The combustion chamber is heated by the ignition / auxiliary burner 10 to a temperature higher than the melting point of the mineral component of the fuel.
The temperature is kept between 0 °. At that time, the primary oxygen 13 is blown into the fuel from the primary oxygen nozzle 22 at the fuel passage end 6, the secondary oxygen 11 is blown against the fuel entering the combustion chamber 7, and the steam 28 is supplied for temperature control. . In this example, the waste paper fuel is CO / H ₂ by the gasification reaction.
It is converted to combustion gas rich in oxygen. In this case, all hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons (dioxin, furan) are decomposed, and the inert mineral components of the fuel are melted and collected in a slug tank 8 formed as a cooling shield, and together with raw gas. Reaches the cooled slug discharge 14 in the gasification chamber 7 for discharge from the reaction chamber. Raw gas temperature measurement unit 2
4 monitors and checks the temperature in the combustion chamber 7. The temperature measurement signal is fed via a stuffing screw equipped with a regulating drive 19 to feed fuel, oxygen 11 and water vapor 28.
Then, the oxygen content in the raw gas 29 is adjusted. By rapidly cooling the liquid slug and the raw gas in the quench chamber 16 with water from the quench water supply unit 15, vitrified elution-resistant granules are produced. As a result, dioxin and furan are not regenerated. The sludge granules are discharged to the discharge device 23
Is discharged from the quenching chamber 16. In this case, the raw gas is discharged from the raw gas discharge unit 17 to the raw gas purification and desulfurization system.

The process according to the invention is intended for the production of agriculturally and forestry recycled raw materials, waste paper, textiles and the like, without hot pretreatment and without fine crushing, without hydrogen, hydrocarbons, dioxins and furans. It has the advantage that it is converted to a combustion gas rich in carbon monoxide, resulting in a solid residue which can be used without post-treatment and which can be stored easily.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a gasifier according to the invention for carrying out the method with a plunger as a supply device.

FIG. 2 shows a gasifier according to the invention with a stuffing screw as feeder.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fuel supply casing 2 Plunger driving device 3 Plunger 4 Fuel inlet passage 5 Feed adjustment device 6 Fuel passage end 7 Gasification chamber 8 Slug tank 9 Cooling shield 10 Ignition and auxiliary burner 11 Secondary oxygen supply unit 12 Oxygen annular pipe 13 Primary Oxygen supply unit 14 Slug discharge body to be cooled 15 Rapid cooling water supply unit 16 Rapid cooling chamber 17 Raw gas discharge unit 18 Granule outlet 19 Packing screw with adjustment drive 20 Cooling water inlet 21 Cooling water outlet 22 Primary oxygen nozzle 23 Granules Collection and discharge device 24 Temperature measurement, regulation and monitoring device 25 Refractory support structure 26 Combustion gas 27 Oxygen 28 Water vapor 29 Oxygen measurement and monitoring point

Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Dietmar Degenkorp Germany 09599 Freiberg Mendelebstrasse 33 (72) Inventor Horst Kletschmer Germany Day 09600 Wei Senborn am Wertchen 5

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. The material supplied to the gasification process is substantially
Dry, bundled or roughly sized
Generated at about atmospheric pressure after being pre-crushed
The compressed and compressible organic material supplied to the vessel
CO and H _TwoFor gasification into rich combustion gas
In the above, the material to be gasified, that is, the fuel, is
Feeding device (5) as a package to gasification chamber (7)
Inlet or adjustable stuffing screw
(19) as a separate crude substance in the gasification chamber
(7), and this fuel is used as an ignition and auxiliary burner (1).
0) increases the temperature above the melting point of the mineral components of the fuel
Heated and gasified fuel to about 12
Is maintained at a temperature of 00 to 1800 ° C., and gasification of the fuel is carried out by oxygen, in which case
(13) is the primary oxygen nozzle (2) at the end of the fuel passage (6).
Injected into fuel from 2), secondary oxygen (11) is gasified
Sprayed on the fuel reaching chamber (7) and steam
(28) is supplied in a controlled manner to adjust the temperature, and the fuel is CO / H_TwoRich combustion gas
Converted, all hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons (Dio
Xin and furan) are decomposed and the inert mineral components of the fuel
Sludge melted and formed as a cooling shield (9)
The cooling water collected in the tank (8) reaches the gasification chamber (7).
Raw gas from the reaction chamber through the sludge discharger (14)
The gasification reaction and the temperature in the gasification chamber (7) are discharged together, and the raw gas temperature measurement
Monitored and controlled by (24), wherein the raw gas
Temperature measurement signal is fuel feed (2,5) and oxygen content (11)
And the amount of water vapor (28) were changed, and oxygen in the raw gas (29) was changed.
Content measurement should justify temperature measurement and temperature regulation.
With this, the gasification reaction and temperature in the gasification chamber are monitored and
Liquid in the quench chamber (16) controlled by quench water supply (15)
Gasified elution resistance due to rapid cooling of sludge and raw gas
Granules are formed, dioxin and furan cannot be regenerated
And the sludge granules are discharged by the discharging device.
Raw gas is discharged from the mouth (23) and quenched from the quenching chamber (16)
One that is supplied to the raw gas purification and desulfurization system
Law. 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the combustion gas for the pilot and auxiliary burner is a pure gas generated by the gasification unit. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pure gas of the gasification unit is used for the generation of electrical energy by a gas motor. 4. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the granules produced in the gasification unit are used as building material. 5. A gasifier for implementing the method according to claim 1, wherein the gasifier comprises a fuel supply casing (1), a fuel inlet passage (4) and a fuel passage of the fuel supply casing. At the end (6)
Water cooling device (20, 2) with primary oxygen nozzle (22)
1) is provided, furthermore, a gasification chamber (7) laid down sideways having a sludge tank (8) lined by a cooling shield (9), and a gasification chamber (7) is formed to form a sludge weir. A cooled sludge discharge (14), and a secondary oxygen supply (11) formed as a blown lance to be cooled and formable as a multiple blown section
And an ignition and auxiliary burner (10) for combustion gas (26) and oxygen (27), and a passage for steam supply (28), wherein the ignition and auxiliary burner (10) is Along the axis of the gasification chamber (7) or in the sludge tank (8)
And a quenching chamber (16) provided with a plurality of nozzles for quenching water supply (15), and a raw gas discharge (17). Tube and lower granule outlet (18) and granule discharge device (23)
And a temperature measurement device (24) and a combustion material supply device (3, 2,
5,19), a supply of steam (28) for temperature control of raw gas, and a refractory support structure (25) for the gasifier. Characterized gasifier. 6. The gasifier according to claim 5, characterized in that the supply device comprises a plunger (3) having a plunger drive (2). 7. The gasifier as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feeder comprises a filling screw (19) with an adjusting drive. 8. The fuel passage end (6) is tapered conically in the direction of movement of the fuel, and the feed adjusting device (5) is an endlessly circulating and speed-adjustable push belt. The gasifier according to claim 5. 9. The gasification chamber (7) is provided with a cooling shield (9), and a thick and solid solid sludge layer is formed by cooling the sludge melt through the cooling shield. Metal to the metal part of the cooling shield
The ceramics are protected by a ceramic.
8. The gasifier according to any one of 8 above.