JPH10446A - Waste treatment agent and treatment method - Google Patents
Waste treatment agent and treatment methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH10446A JPH10446A JP8156471A JP15647196A JPH10446A JP H10446 A JPH10446 A JP H10446A JP 8156471 A JP8156471 A JP 8156471A JP 15647196 A JP15647196 A JP 15647196A JP H10446 A JPH10446 A JP H10446A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- waste
- silicate
- additive
- treatment agent
- treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 41
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- -1 for example Chemical compound 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007922 dissolution test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000519695 Ilex integra Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid monoamide Natural products NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011437 continuous method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium metasilicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052912 lithium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052914 metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010979 ruby Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001750 ruby Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJAMZCVTJDTESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tiracizine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2N(C(=O)CN(C)C)C2=CC(NC(=O)OCC)=CC=C21 KJAMZCVTJDTESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ
6+、Ａｓ、Ｈｇ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎなどの重金属を含有する廃
棄物からの前記重金属の溶出を抑制する処理剤および処
理方法に関するものであり、特に、鉛（Ｐｂ）の溶出を
抑制することが困難な廃棄物焼却主灰やばいじん（飛
灰）を安定化処理するのに有効な処理剤および処理方法
に関するものである。TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to Pb, Cd, Cr
The present invention relates to a treatment agent and a treatment method for suppressing the elution of the heavy metal from waste containing a heavy metal such as 6+ , As, Hg, Cu, and Zn. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for suppressing the elution of lead (Pb). The present invention relates to a treatment agent and a treatment method effective for stabilizing difficult incineration main ash and dust (fly ash).
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、重金属などの有害物質を含有する
廃棄物の処分には、運搬中の飛散を防止するため加湿処
理が行われたり、固化成型を主たる目的としてセメント
処理が行われてきた。しかしながら、これらの方法は、
廃棄物からの重金属の溶出を抑制するといった観点から
は、問題が多く、その取扱に充分注意を払わなければ、
重金属が溶出し、二次公害が発生する恐れがある。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, wastes containing harmful substances such as heavy metals have been treated by humidification in order to prevent them from being scattered during transportation, or by cement treatment mainly for solidification molding. . However, these methods
From the viewpoint of suppressing the elution of heavy metals from waste, there are many problems, and if you do not pay sufficient attention to handling,
Heavy metals may elute and secondary pollution may occur.
【０００３】例えば、都市ごみの焼却施設は、代表的に
は、焼却炉、排ガスの冷却を目的とした熱交換機や水噴
霧装置、塩化水素ガスなどの酸性ガスの中和を目的とし
た消石灰吹き込み装置（排ガス誘導管内への吹き込
み）、および集塵機などから構成されており、更に硫黄
酸化物（ＳＯｘ）、窒素酸化物（ＮＯｘ）、ダイオキシ
ンなどの有害成分除去装置・機器が付加されていること
もある。このような焼却施設における廃棄物の焼却時に
発生するばいじんには、粉塵、消石灰と塩化水素ガスな
どの酸性ガスとの反応生成物、消石灰の未反応分、およ
びＰｂなどの重金属類などが含有されている。このばい
じんは、重金属が溶出しないように中間処理を行った
後、最終処分地に埋め立てられる。上記した廃棄物処理
に関するＰｂなどの重金属溶出の問題は、このような都
市ごみ等の廃棄物の焼却時に発生する排ガスから集塵機
で捕捉されるばいじんにおいて特に顕著である。[0003] For example, municipal solid waste incineration facilities are typically incinerators, heat exchangers and water spray devices for cooling exhaust gas, and slaked lime blowing for neutralizing acid gases such as hydrogen chloride gas. It is composed of a device (blowing into the exhaust gas guide tube), a dust collector, and the like, and may be additionally provided with devices and equipment for removing harmful components such as sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and dioxins. is there. Soot and dust generated during incineration of waste in such incineration facilities include dust, reaction products of slaked lime with acid gases such as hydrogen chloride gas, unreacted components of slaked lime, and heavy metals such as Pb. ing. This soot and dust is subjected to intermediate treatment so that heavy metals do not elute, and then landfilled at the final disposal site. The problem of the elution of heavy metals such as Pb related to the waste treatment described above is particularly remarkable in the dust collected by the dust collector from the exhaust gas generated at the time of incineration of waste such as municipal waste.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】このように従来では、
Ｐｂなどの重金属を含有する廃棄物からの重金属の溶出
を確実に抑制することは困難であり、廃棄物中の重金属
などが確実に封入され、陸上埋立処分時においても再溶
出しないように処理可能な処理剤や処理方法が望まれて
いた。本発明は、このような廃棄物処理の現状に鑑み、
廃棄物、特に都市ごみ焼却時に発生する、ごみのもえが
らである主灰や、焼却時の排ガスから捕集されるばいじ
ん中の種々の重金属を確実に安定化し、その溶出を抑制
することが可能な廃棄物処理剤および処理方法を提供す
ることを目的とするものである。As described above, conventionally,
It is difficult to reliably suppress the elution of heavy metals from wastes containing heavy metals such as Pb, and heavy metals etc. in the wastes are securely enclosed and can be treated so that they do not elute again during landfill disposal. There has been a demand for a novel treatment agent and treatment method. The present invention, in view of the current state of such waste disposal,
It is possible to reliably stabilize and suppress the elution of waste, especially main ash, which is generated from garbage, and various heavy metals in soot and dust collected from waste gas generated during incineration. It is an object of the present invention to provide a simple waste treatment agent and a treatment method.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、上記のよ
うな従来の廃棄物処理における問題点を解決する目的で
鋭意検討した結果、この目的を達成しうる新たな処理剤
および処理方法を得るに至った。即ち、本発明の廃棄物
の処理剤は、可溶性珪酸塩、並びに、カルシウム、マグ
ネシウム、鉄（II）、鉄（III)、およびアルミニウムか
らなる群から選択される少なくとも１種の多価金属イオ
ンを含有する物質である添加剤Ａ、更に水とからなり、
その形態がゾル状あるいは固体（ゲル）が水に分散した
液状である廃棄物処理剤を内容とする。また、本発明の
廃棄物処理方法は、水とともにＰｂなどの重金属を含有
する廃棄物を収容した水槽に、前記処理剤を添加するこ
とを内容とするものである。The inventors of the present invention have made intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems in the conventional waste treatment, and as a result, have found a new treatment agent and a new treatment method that can achieve this object. I came to. That is, the waste treating agent of the present invention comprises a soluble silicate and at least one polyvalent metal ion selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, iron (II), iron (III), and aluminum. Consisting of additive A, which is a substance to be contained, and water,
It contains a waste treatment agent that is in the form of a sol or a liquid in which a solid (gel) is dispersed in water. Further, the waste treatment method of the present invention includes adding the treatment agent to a water tank containing waste containing a heavy metal such as Pb together with water.
【０００６】このような本発明の廃棄物処理剤および処
理方法は、都市ごみ焼却施設などで発生する、ごみのも
えがらからなる主灰や、焼却時の排ガスから電気集塵機
やバグフィルターで捕捉されるばいじんに含有されるＰ
ｂなどの重金属の溶出の抑制に高い性能を示す。[0006] The waste treating agent and the treatment method of the present invention are captured by an electric dust collector or a bag filter from main ash formed of refuse mochi generated in municipal refuse incineration facilities and the like, and exhaust gas from incineration. P contained in ruby dust
High performance in suppressing elution of heavy metals such as b.
【０００７】本発明の処理剤における可溶性珪酸塩の作
用について説明する。この作用については、充分解明さ
れていないが、以下のように推定しうる。即ち、 （１）処理剤中の可溶性珪酸塩が、廃棄物から溶出す
る、または、廃棄物中に存在するＰｂなどの重金属イオ
ンと反応し、不溶性の重金属珪酸塩を生成する。 （２）処理剤中の可溶性珪酸塩が、廃棄物から溶出す
る、または、廃棄物中に存在する多価金属イオン（排ガ
ス中の塩化水素ガスなどの酸性ガスを中和する目的で吹
き込まれる消石灰に由来するＣａイオンなど）と反応
し、その反応物中に重金属を包含するか、あるいは、そ
の表面に重金属を吸着する。 以上の（１）、（２）の作用によって重金属を安定化す
ると考えられる。しかしながら、前記（１）の作用にお
いては、珪酸塩の重金属に対する選択性が充分高いとは
いえず、この作用のみでＰｂの埋立基準値である０．３
ｍｇ／Ｌ以下を達成することが困難な場合がある。ま
た、前記（２）の作用においては、珪酸塩と廃棄物に由
来する多価金属イオンとの反応物の性状が、それらの量
的関係に強く依存するにもかかわらず、経時的に性状が
変化する廃棄物焼却主灰やばいじんなどの廃棄物中の多
価金属イオンと珪酸塩との量的関係を最適値近傍に制御
するのは甚だ困難なことである。The action of the soluble silicate in the treatment agent of the present invention will be described. This effect has not been fully elucidated, but can be estimated as follows. That is, (1) The soluble silicate in the treatment agent elutes from the waste or reacts with heavy metal ions such as Pb present in the waste to generate an insoluble heavy metal silicate. (2) Soluble silicate in the treating agent is eluted from the waste, or polyvalent metal ions present in the waste (eg, slaked lime blown for the purpose of neutralizing acidic gases such as hydrogen chloride gas in exhaust gas) Reacts with Ca ions, etc.), and includes heavy metals in the reaction product, or adsorbs heavy metals on its surface. It is considered that the effects of the above (1) and (2) stabilize heavy metals. However, in the effect of the above (1), the selectivity of silicate to heavy metals cannot be said to be sufficiently high, and only this effect is the landfill standard value of Pb of 0.3.
It may be difficult to achieve mg / L or less. In addition, in the action of the above (2), although the properties of the reaction product of the silicate and the polyvalent metal ion derived from the waste strongly depend on their quantitative relationship, the properties over time change. It is extremely difficult to control the quantitative relationship between polyvalent metal ions and silicates in waste, such as changing waste incineration main ash and dust, near the optimum value.
【０００８】このように、処理剤として珪酸塩を単独で
使用したのは、常に所望の性能を発現して廃棄物中の重
金属を安定化するのが困難な場合もある。そこで、本発
明の処理剤には、このような欠点を補う目的で、あらか
じめ珪酸塩をゲル化するための添加剤Ａが添加されてい
る。この添加剤Ａの作用については、次のように推定し
うる。珪酸塩と、廃棄物中の多価金属イオンとの反応物
（ゲル化物）は、処理剤として添加される珪酸塩と廃棄
物に由来する多価金属イオンとの量的関係により、著し
く異なる形態を示すことが明らかとなっている。即ち、
珪酸塩に対して、多価金属イオンの量が過剰に存在する
と、重金属の包含や吸着の能力が乏しい反応物を生成す
る傾向がある。また、そのときの反応物の形態は流動性
を示さない完全なゲル化物や固体である場合が多い。一
方、珪酸塩に対して多価金属イオンの量が少ないと、そ
の反応物は水中に浮遊しやすく、廃棄物と充分接触しに
くくなり、所望の性能を示さない傾向にある。また、そ
のときの反応物の形態は、均一な液状のものである場合
が多い。As described above, when silicate is used alone as a treating agent, it may be difficult to always exhibit desired performance and stabilize heavy metals in waste. Therefore, an additive A for gelling silicate is added to the treating agent of the present invention in order to compensate for such a defect. The effect of the additive A can be estimated as follows. The reaction product (gelled product) of the silicate and the polyvalent metal ion in the waste significantly differs depending on the quantitative relationship between the silicate added as a treating agent and the polyvalent metal ion derived from the waste. It is clear that That is,
Excess amounts of polyvalent metal ions relative to silicates tend to produce reactants with poor ability to include and adsorb heavy metals. In addition, the form of the reaction product at that time is often a completely gelled product or solid that does not show fluidity. On the other hand, if the amount of the polyvalent metal ion is small relative to the silicate, the reaction product tends to float in water, and it is difficult for the reaction product to come into sufficient contact with the waste, so that the desired performance tends not to be exhibited. The form of the reactant at that time is often a uniform liquid.
【０００９】これに対し、本発明では、可溶性珪酸塩
と、該珪酸塩のゲル化剤となる添加剤Ａとで処理剤を調
製することにより、処理剤中にあらかじめ好ましい形態
の反応物を存在させ、これを廃棄物に作用させることが
可能となる。このときの処理剤の形態は、概ねゾル状あ
るいは固体（ゲル）が水に分散した液状となることが好
ましい。上記処理剤が完全なゲルや固体となった場合に
は、処理剤の運搬、供給、その他のハンドリング性が著
しく低下する。また、既に述べたように、性能面でも好
ましくないことが多い。一方、このときの処理剤が均一
な液体、あるいは、非常に希薄なゾル状物であった場
合、添加したゲル化剤が充分に作用しているとはいえ
ず、好ましくない。これらに対し、処理剤がゾル状ある
いは固体（ゲル）が水に分散した液状である場合には、
処理剤が水中に浮遊することなく、珪酸塩と添加剤Ａと
の反応物は沈降し、廃棄物と接触することが可能であ
り、好ましい。また、このような状態において、重金属
の包含や吸着能にも優れる。On the other hand, in the present invention, by preparing a treating agent with a soluble silicate and an additive A which is a gelling agent for the silicate, a reactant in a preferred form is present in the treating agent in advance. And it can be applied to waste. At this time, the form of the treatment agent is preferably substantially a sol or a liquid in which a solid (gel) is dispersed in water. When the treatment agent becomes a complete gel or solid, the handling, supply, and other handling properties of the treatment agent are significantly reduced. Further, as described above, it is often not preferable in terms of performance. On the other hand, if the treating agent at this time is a uniform liquid or a very dilute sol, the added gelling agent cannot be said to be acting sufficiently, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when the treating agent is a sol or a liquid in which a solid (gel) is dispersed in water,
The reactant of the silicate and the additive A is settled without the treatment agent floating in water, and is preferably capable of contacting with waste. Further, in such a state, it is also excellent in inclusion and adsorption ability of heavy metals.
【００１０】本発明の処理剤中の珪酸塩による重金属の
安定化性能は、前述したように、廃棄物に由来する多価
金属イオンの量に依存するため、廃棄物に由来する多価
金属イオンの量をより少ない方へ適宜調節するために、
炭酸塩やリン酸塩など多価金属イオンと反応して不溶性
あるいは難溶性の塩を生成する化合物をあらかじめ処理
剤に配合することも好ましい。[0010] As described above, the stabilizing performance of heavy metals by the silicate in the treating agent of the present invention depends on the amount of polyvalent metal ions derived from wastes. In order to properly adjust the amount of
It is also preferable that a compound that reacts with a polyvalent metal ion such as a carbonate or a phosphate to form an insoluble or hardly soluble salt is previously added to the treating agent.
【００１１】次に、本発明の処理剤における水の作用に
ついて説明する。本発明の処理剤の性能および形態は、
珪酸塩と添加剤Ａの量的関係とともに、処理剤中のそれ
らの濃度にも強く依存することが明らかとなっている。
従って、より好ましい処理剤を調製するために、必要に
応じて水を添加し、珪酸塩および添加剤Ａの濃度を調節
することが好ましい。更に、処理剤のハンドリング性、
特に、流動性を維持する目的で水を添加することも、好
ましい。なお、処理剤の調製後、余分な水分が生じた場
合には、処理剤の単位重量当たりの性能を向上させると
いった観点から、余分な水分を分離除去することがよ
い。Next, the action of water in the treatment agent of the present invention will be described. The performance and form of the treatment agent of the present invention are as follows:
It has been shown that the dependence on the silicate and additive A as well as their concentration in the treatment is strongly dependent.
Therefore, in order to prepare a more preferable treating agent, it is preferable to add water as needed and adjust the concentrations of the silicate and the additive A. Furthermore, handling properties of processing agents,
In particular, it is also preferable to add water for the purpose of maintaining fluidity. When excess water is generated after the preparation of the treatment agent, it is preferable to separate and remove the excess water from the viewpoint of improving the performance per unit weight of the treatment agent.
【００１２】従来、廃棄物から溶出する重金属を安定化
する技術としては、リン酸塩やカルバミン酸系のキレー
ト剤を添加する方法があったが、このような方法では廃
棄物から溶出した重金属のみしか安定化することができ
ず、また、廃棄物中の重金属は水槽内で水と接触しても
短時間では溶出せず、廃棄物中に残存している重金属
が、処理後、処分地で新たに溶出する危険性が伴う。こ
れに対して、本発明の処理剤および処理方法は、前述し
たように廃棄物から溶出した重金属のみならず、溶出し
ていない廃棄物中の重金属も、処理剤中の珪酸塩と添加
剤Ａとの反応物、または処理剤中の珪酸塩と廃棄物に由
来する多価金属イオンとの反応物内部、あるいは、その
表面に安定化することが可能である。Conventionally, as a technique for stabilizing heavy metals eluted from wastes, there has been a method of adding a phosphate or a carbamic acid-based chelating agent. In such a method, only heavy metals eluted from wastes are used. The heavy metals in the waste do not elute in a short time even if they come into contact with water in the water tank, and the heavy metals remaining in the waste are treated at the disposal site after treatment. There is a risk of new elution. On the other hand, the treating agent and the treating method of the present invention not only include the heavy metal eluted from the waste as described above, but also the heavy metal in the uneluted waste, the silicate in the treating agent and the additive A. It is possible to stabilize the inside of the reactant with the silicate in the treating agent or the reactant with the polyvalent metal ion derived from the waste, or on the surface thereof.
【００１３】[0013]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明に使用される珪酸塩につい
て詳細に説明する。本発明に使用される珪酸塩は可溶性
である。ここで、可溶性とは、珪酸塩がある程度の濃度
（１０重量％以上）で水に溶解する性状を示すことを意
味する。既に述べたように、本発明の処理剤の性能は、
珪酸塩と添加剤Ａを反応させ、ゾル状あるいは固体（ゲ
ル）が水に分散した液状となるように調製することによ
って発現する。つまり、珪酸塩と添加剤Ａをあらかじめ
反応せしめることが必須条件となる。従って、珪酸塩は
可溶性のものを使用する必要があり、水溶液のものがよ
り好ましい。この珪酸塩は汎用のものでよく、珪酸リチ
ウム、珪酸ソーダ（珪酸ナトリウム）、珪酸カリウム、
珪酸アンモニウムなどが例示できる。中でも、重金属の
安定化性能、工業的入手の容易さ、価格の点から珪酸ソ
ーダが好ましく、水溶液であるＪＩＳ規格品の珪酸ソー
ダ３号などが好適なものとして例示できる。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The silicate used in the present invention will be described in detail. The silicate used in the present invention is soluble. Here, "soluble" means that the silicate exhibits a property of dissolving in water at a certain concentration (10% by weight or more). As already mentioned, the performance of the treating agent of the present invention is as follows.
It is manifested by reacting the silicate with the additive A to prepare a sol or a liquid (solid or gel) dispersed in water. That is, it is essential that the silicate and the additive A react in advance. Therefore, it is necessary to use a soluble silicate, and an aqueous solution is more preferable. This silicate may be a general-purpose one, such as lithium silicate, sodium silicate (sodium silicate), potassium silicate,
Examples thereof include ammonium silicate. Among them, sodium silicate is preferred in terms of the stabilizing performance of heavy metals, industrial availability, and price, and JIS-standard sodium silicate No. 3, which is an aqueous solution, can be exemplified.
【００１４】次に、添加剤Ａについて説明する。添加剤
Ａは、カルシウム、マグネシウム、鉄（II）、鉄（II
I)、およびアルミニウムからなる群から選択される少な
くとも１種の多価金属イオンを含有する物質からなる。
これらは、固体でも液体でも構わないが、前述した珪酸
塩と同様の理由から、水溶液である方が好ましい。ま
た、固体の場合は、可溶性珪酸塩の水溶液や必要に応じ
て添加した水に速やかに溶解しなければならない。これ
らの添加剤Ａは、重金属の安定化性能、工業的入手の容
易さ、価格などを考慮して選択すると、塩化カルシウ
ム、塩化マグネシウム、塩化アルミニウム、ポリ塩化ア
ルミニウム、塩化鉄（III)、硫酸マグネシウム、硫酸ア
ルミニウム、硫酸鉄（II）、アルミン酸ナトリウム、お
よびミョウバンの中から選択するのが好ましい。Next, the additive A will be described. Additive A is calcium, magnesium, iron (II), iron (II
I) and a material containing at least one polyvalent metal ion selected from the group consisting of aluminum.
These may be solid or liquid, but are preferably aqueous solutions for the same reasons as the silicates described above. In the case of a solid, it must be rapidly dissolved in an aqueous solution of a soluble silicate or water added as necessary. When these additives A are selected in consideration of the stabilizing performance of heavy metals, industrial availability, price, etc., calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, aluminum chloride, polyaluminum chloride, iron (III) chloride, magnesium sulfate , Aluminum sulfate, iron (II) sulfate, sodium aluminate, and alum.
【００１５】可溶性珪酸塩に対する添加剤Ａの添加量
は、処理剤の性能および形態を左右する非常に重要な因
子である。その量は、可溶性珪酸塩中のカチオン（例え
ば、可溶性珪酸塩が、珪酸ソーダの場合は、ナトリウ
ム）１００ｍｏｌ部に対して、添加剤Ａ中の多価金属イ
オンのｍｏｌ部とその価数の積が０．１２５（１／８）
〜０．７５（３／４）当量の範囲であることが好まし
い。上記範囲を超えて添加剤Ａが添加される場合や、添
加剤Ａの添加量が上記範囲よりも少ないときには、処理
剤の形態がゾル状あるいは固体（ゲル）分散液とならな
い場合がある。即ち、可溶性珪酸塩に対する添加剤Ａの
添加量が少ないときには、これらの処理剤を使用し、本
発明に従って処理を実施した場合に、反応物が水中に浮
遊しやすくなるため、廃棄物と充分接触しにくくなり、
所望の性能を示さない可能性がある。また、可溶性珪酸
塩に対する添加剤Ａの添加量が多いときには、処理剤の
形態が重金属の包含や吸着の能力が乏しい反応物を生成
する傾向にある。従って、可溶性珪酸塩に対する添加剤
Ａの添加量は、上記範囲であることが好ましい。さらに
は、可溶性珪酸塩中のカチオン１００ｍｏｌ部に対し
て、添加剤Ａ中の多価金属イオンのｍｏｌ部とその価数
の積が０．２５（１／４）〜０．５０（１／２）当量の
範囲とした場合は、重金属の包含や吸着の能力が優れ、
廃棄物の処理を実施した際に、反応物が水中に浮遊する
ことなく、速やかに水槽底部に沈降して、廃棄物と充分
接触することとなり、より好ましい。The amount of additive A added to the soluble silicate is a very important factor that affects the performance and form of the treating agent. The amount is determined by multiplying 100 parts by mole of cations (for example, sodium when the soluble silicate is sodium silicate) in the soluble silicate with respect to 100 parts by mole of the polyvalent metal ion in the additive A and its valence. Is 0.125 (1/8)
It is preferably in the range of 0.75 (3/4) equivalent. When the additive A is added beyond the above range or when the amount of the additive A is smaller than the above range, the form of the treatment agent may not be a sol-like or solid (gel) dispersion. That is, when the amount of the additive A added to the soluble silicate is small, when these treatment agents are used and the treatment is performed according to the present invention, the reactants are likely to float in water, so that they are sufficiently in contact with the waste. Harder to do
It may not show the desired performance. When the amount of the additive A added to the soluble silicate is large, the form of the treating agent tends to produce a reactant having a poor ability to include heavy metals or adsorb. Therefore, the amount of additive A added to the soluble silicate is preferably within the above range. Furthermore, for 100 mol parts of cations in the soluble silicate, the product of the mol part of the polyvalent metal ion in the additive A and its valence is 0.25 (１ ／) to 0.50 (酸 塩). ) In the case of the equivalent range, the ability of inclusion and adsorption of heavy metals is excellent,
When the waste is treated, the reactant quickly sinks to the bottom of the water tank without floating in the water and comes into sufficient contact with the waste, which is more preferable.
【００１６】本発明において、処理剤を調製する際、可
溶性珪酸塩と添加剤Ａ、更に必要に応じて水を添加した
後、混合・攪拌することは好ましい。上記操作によっ
て、より均一で形態および性能にばらつきが少ない処理
剤を得ることが可能となる。一方、攪拌を行わない場
合、珪酸塩と添加剤Ａの接触近傍とその他の部分とでは
異なる形態の反応物が生成する恐れがあり、好ましくな
い。また、処理剤を運搬・保管する際に、固形物の沈降
を防止するためにも、処理剤を攪拌することは好まし
い。In the present invention, when preparing the treating agent, it is preferable to mix and stir after adding the soluble silicate, the additive A and, if necessary, water. The above operation makes it possible to obtain a treatment agent that is more uniform and has less variation in form and performance. On the other hand, when the stirring is not performed, a reactant of a different form may be generated in the vicinity of the contact between the silicate and the additive A and other portions, which is not preferable. In addition, when transporting and storing the treating agent, it is preferable to stir the treating agent in order to prevent sedimentation of solids.
【００１７】本発明の廃棄物の処理方法の好適な実施形
態について説明する。本発明の廃棄物処理方法は、水と
ともにＰｂなどの重金属を含有する廃棄物を収容した水
槽に、前記のような処理剤を添加するというものである
が、この場合の水槽とは、廃棄物とともに、その数１０
倍の水を収容しうるものであればよく、例えば、主灰や
ばいじん等の乾物の廃棄物を加湿・冷却するために使用
される水槽であり、その構造については特に限定はな
い。A preferred embodiment of the waste disposal method of the present invention will be described. The waste treatment method of the present invention is to add the treatment agent as described above to a water tank containing waste containing a heavy metal such as Pb together with water. And the number 10
Any water tank can be used as long as it can hold twice as much water. For example, it is a water tank used to humidify and cool dry waste such as main ash and dust, and its structure is not particularly limited.
【００１８】本発明において、廃棄物と処理剤が均一に
反応する、あるいは、廃棄物と処理剤の混合物（処理
物）が均一なものであることは、処理剤の性能を充分発
現せしめるために重要である。従って、水槽内を攪拌
し、廃棄物と処理剤を混合するのは好ましい。In the present invention, the fact that the waste and the treating agent react uniformly or that the mixture of the waste and the treating agent (processed product) is uniform is required to sufficiently exhibit the performance of the treating agent. is important. Therefore, it is preferable to stir the inside of the water tank and mix the waste and the treating agent.
【００１９】本発明の廃棄物処理方法は、バッチ式、あ
るいは、連続式で実施される。バッチ式とは、水槽内に
廃棄物と処理剤をある一定量供給し、所定の時間が経過
した後、廃棄物と処理剤の混合物（処理物）を完全に排
出してから、次の処理を行うものである。この方式は、
比較的規模が小く、簡便な設備で済む利点がある。特
に、郊外にある比較的小規模の都市ごみ焼却施設や産業
廃棄物処理施設などには適しており、好ましい。なお、
この処理方式においては、処理物を回収した後、水槽内
の残液を再び利用して、次の処理を実施することもでき
る。The waste treatment method of the present invention is carried out in a batch system or a continuous system. Batch type means that a certain amount of waste and treatment agent are supplied into a water tank, and after a predetermined time has elapsed, the mixture of waste and treatment agent (processed material) is completely discharged before the next treatment Is what you do. This method is
There is an advantage that a relatively small scale and simple equipment can be used. In particular, it is suitable and preferable for relatively small-scale municipal waste incineration facilities and industrial waste treatment facilities in the suburbs. In addition,
In this processing method, after the processed material is collected, the next processing can be performed by using the remaining liquid in the water tank again.
【００２０】また、連続式とは、水槽内に廃棄物と処理
剤が連続して供給され、その混合物（処理物）が連続し
て排出される方式である。この方式は、都市ごみ焼却施
設に併設される湿式灰冷却装置（クリンカチャンネル、
灰出しフライトコンベア、灰出し装置）などがこれに該
当するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。特
に大都市近郊の都市ごみ焼却施設は、昼夜を問わず、ご
みの焼却が行われており、主灰およびばいじんが連続的
に排出される。このように定常的に廃棄物が排出される
場合には、連続的に処理を実施する方が好ましく、作業
効率に優れる。The continuous method is a method in which waste and a treating agent are continuously supplied into a water tank, and a mixture (treated material) is continuously discharged. This method uses a wet ash cooling system (clinker channel,
An ash extraction flight conveyor, an ash extraction device, etc. correspond to this, but the present invention is not limited to this. In particular, municipal solid waste incineration facilities near large cities are incinerated day and night, and main ash and dust are continuously discharged. In the case where the waste is constantly discharged as described above, it is preferable to perform the treatment continuously, and the working efficiency is excellent.
【００２１】図１に前記湿式灰冷却装置を用いて本発明
の廃棄物処理方法を連続式で実施する際のフロート図を
示す。この湿式灰冷却装置は、都市ごみ焼却施設に併設
される装置の一例であるが、この装置内に供給された廃
棄物は、処理物払い出しコンベアにて水槽から処理物と
して排出されるのである。FIG. 1 is a flow chart when the waste treatment method of the present invention is carried out continuously using the wet ash cooling device. This wet ash cooling device is an example of a device installed in a municipal solid waste incineration facility, and the waste supplied into the device is discharged as a processed product from a water tank by a processed product delivery conveyor.
【００２２】本発明における廃棄物に対する処理剤の添
加量は、可溶性珪酸塩および添加剤Ａの種類や両者の配
合比、さらには必要に応じて添加する水の量、即ち、珪
酸塩や添加剤Ａの濃度などによって処理剤単位重量当た
りの性能が異なるため、一概にはいえないが、廃棄物中
の重金属含有量、無処理の場合の廃棄物からの重金属の
溶出量、更には目標とする重金属の溶出許容量などを考
慮し、実用的にはコスト的な面から最も少ない処理剤の
添加で目標溶出量以下にすることが、添加量を決定する
要因となる。そして、実際には、処理剤の添加量が、廃
棄物の乾燥重量１００重量部に対し、処理剤中の珪酸塩
の固形分が０．１〜５重量部となる量の添加で重金属の
溶出量を法規制値以下に抑制することが可能である。処
理剤がこの範囲を超えて添加された場合、廃棄する処理
物の体積（重量）が増大し、固化物の埋立地が確保でき
ない、運送コストがアップするなどの問題が生じる。ま
た、珪酸塩の固形分が０．１重量部未満となる量では、
ほとんど重金属の溶出がないような廃棄物を除いては、
その効果を示すには不充分な量である。前記理由から、
本発明の処理剤の添加量は、廃棄物の乾燥重量１００重
量部に対し、珪酸塩の固形分が０．１〜５重量部となる
量が好ましい範囲であり、特に溶出抑制が困難なＰｂに
対しても、その溶出量を法規制値である０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ
以下に抑制することが可能である。In the present invention, the amount of the treating agent added to the waste depends on the types of the soluble silicate and the additive A, the mixing ratio of both, and the amount of water added as necessary, that is, the silicate and the additive. Since the performance per unit weight of the treatment agent varies depending on the concentration of A, etc., it cannot be said unconditionally, but the heavy metal content in the waste, the amount of heavy metal eluted from the waste in the case of no treatment, and the target Taking into account the elution allowable amount of heavy metals and the like, it is a factor to determine the amount to be added below the target elution amount with the addition of the least processing agent in terms of cost practically. In practice, the amount of the treatment agent added is such that the solid content of the silicate in the treatment agent is 0.1 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the dry weight of the waste, and the heavy metal is eluted. It is possible to control the amount below the legal limit. If the treating agent is added beyond this range, the volume (weight) of the treated material to be discarded increases, causing problems such as an inability to secure a landfill for solidified material and an increase in transportation cost. Further, in an amount where the solid content of the silicate is less than 0.1 part by weight,
Except for wastes that hardly elute heavy metals,
Insufficient amount to show the effect. For the above reasons,
The addition amount of the treating agent of the present invention is preferably such that the solid content of the silicate is 0.1 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the dry weight of the waste. Also, the elution amount was regulated to the legally regulated value of 0.3 mg / L.
The following can be suppressed.
【００２３】[0023]
【作用】本発明の廃棄物処理剤および処理方法がＰｂな
どの重金属の溶出を抑制する機構は必ずしも明らではな
いが、以下のように推定しうる。 （１）処理剤中の珪酸塩が、Ｐｂなどの重金属イオンと
反応し、不溶性の重金属珪酸塩を生成し、重金属の溶出
を抑制する。 （２）処理剤中の珪酸塩と添加剤Ａとの反応物、および
処理剤中の珪酸塩と廃棄物に由来する多価金属イオンと
の反応物の内部に重金属が包含される。 （３）上記反応物表面に重金属が吸着される。従って、
本発明の廃棄物処理剤および処理方法を用いることによ
り、廃棄物中の重金属、特に廃棄物焼却主灰やばいじん
中のＰｂを安定化し、その溶出を抑制することが可能と
なる。The mechanism by which the waste treatment agent and the treatment method of the present invention suppress the elution of heavy metals such as Pb is not necessarily clear, but can be estimated as follows. (1) The silicate in the treating agent reacts with heavy metal ions such as Pb to form an insoluble heavy metal silicate and suppresses elution of the heavy metal. (2) The heavy metal is contained in the reaction product between the silicate in the treatment agent and the additive A and the reaction product between the silicate in the treatment agent and the polyvalent metal ion derived from the waste. (3) Heavy metals are adsorbed on the surface of the reactant. Therefore,
By using the waste treatment agent and the treatment method of the present invention, it is possible to stabilize heavy metals in waste, particularly Pb in waste incineration main ash and dust, and to suppress the elution thereof.
【００２４】[0024]
【発明の効果】本発明の廃棄物処理剤および処理方法を
用いて、重金属を含有する廃棄物を処理することによ
り、特に廃棄物焼却主灰やばいじん中のＰｂが安定化さ
れ、溶出量が減少する。また、本発明で得られる廃棄物
と処理剤との配合物は、重金属の溶出量が極めて少ない
材料として、路盤材、セメントの骨材などに再利用する
ことができ貴重な資源となり得る。According to the present invention, by treating a waste containing a heavy metal by using the waste treating agent and the treatment method of the present invention, Pb in a waste incineration ash and dust is stabilized, and an elution amount is reduced. Decrease. In addition, the blend of the waste and the treating agent obtained in the present invention can be reused as a material having a very small amount of heavy metal eluted in a roadbed material, an aggregate of cement and the like, and can be a valuable resource.
【００２５】[0025]
【実施例】以下、本発明を実施例を挙げて説明するが、
本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。The present invention will be described below with reference to examples.
The present invention is not limited to this.
【００２６】（比較例１）都市ごみ焼却施設より排出さ
れた廃棄物Ａ（主灰とばいじんの混合物）１００ｇを１
０００ｇの水が入った水槽に添加し、３０分間水槽内を
攪拌した（図２（ａ）参照。）。３０分間静置後、沈降
した廃棄物を回収し、環境庁告示１３号法（日本）に従
って、溶出試験を行い、Ｐｂ溶出量を測定した。(Comparative Example 1) 100 g of waste A (mixture of main ash and dust) discharged from a municipal solid waste incineration facility was taken as 1
The mixture was added to a water tank containing 000 g of water, and stirred in the water tank for 30 minutes (see FIG. 2A). After allowing to stand for 30 minutes, the sedimented waste was collected and subjected to a dissolution test according to the Environment Agency Notification No. 13 method (Japan) to measure the Pb dissolution amount.
【００２７】（比較例２）３０分水槽内を攪拌した後、
珪酸ソーダ３号（日本化学工業株式会社製：Ｊ珪酸ソー
ダ３号，固形分濃度３８．５％）を３．０ｇ（廃棄物乾
燥重量１００重量部に対し、珪酸塩の固形分が１．２重
量部）添加し、更に１０分攪拌した（図２（ｂ）参
照。）以外は、比較例１と同様にした。(Comparative Example 2) After stirring the water tank for 30 minutes,
3.0 g of sodium silicate 3 (manufactured by Nippon Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd .: J sodium silicate 3, solid content concentration: 38.5%) (solid content of silicate is 1.2 with respect to 100 parts by weight of dry waste) Parts by weight) and stirred for another 10 minutes (see FIG. 2 (b)).
【００２８】（比較例３）珪酸ソーダ３号を５．０ｇ
（廃棄物乾燥重量１００重量部に対し、珪酸塩の固形分
が１．９重量部）添加した以外は、比較例２と同様にし
た。Comparative Example 3 5.0 g of sodium silicate 3
(Comparative Example 2) except that silicate solid content was 1.9 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of waste dry weight.
【００２９】以上の比較例１〜３の溶出試験結果を下記
表１に示す。The results of the dissolution tests of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1 below.
【００３０】[0030]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００３１】（処理剤の調製）下記表２に示す配合に従
って調製したものを処理剤とした。(Preparation of treatment agent) A treatment agent prepared according to the composition shown in Table 2 below was used as a treatment agent.
【００３２】[0032]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００３３】（実施例１〜１５）珪酸ソーダ３号を３．
０ｇ添加する代わりに、下記表３に示す処理剤を添加
（廃棄物乾燥重量１００重量部に対し、珪酸塩の固形分
が０．５８重量部）した以外は、比較例２と同様にし
た。結果を表３に示す。(Examples 1 to 15)
Instead of adding 0 g, the same procedure as in Comparative Example 2 was carried out except that a treating agent shown in Table 3 below was added (solid content of silicate was 0.58 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of dry weight of waste). Table 3 shows the results.
【００３４】[0034]
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００３５】比較例１、２と実施例１〜６の比較より、
本発明の廃棄物の処理方法を実施することによって、廃
棄物乾燥重量１００重量部に対して、珪酸ソーダ固形分
の添加量が０．５８重量部と半減しているにもかかわら
ず、低いＰｂ溶出量を示した。この結果、本発明の処理
剤および処理方法が有効であることが示された。また、
添加剤Ａの添加量は、可溶性珪酸塩のカチオン１００ｍ
ｏｌ部に対し、添加剤Ａ中の多価金属イオンのｍｏｌ部
とその価数の積が０．１２５〜０．７５０当量が好まし
く、更に０．２５０〜 ０．５００当量であることがよ
り好ましいことが示された。From the comparison between Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and Examples 1 to 6,
By carrying out the waste treatment method of the present invention, the amount of sodium silicate solid added is halved to 0.58 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of waste dry weight, but the Pb is low. The amount eluted was shown. As a result, it was shown that the treating agent and the treating method of the present invention were effective. Also,
The additive amount of the additive A is 100 m for the cation of the soluble silicate.
The product of the mol part of the polyvalent metal ion in the additive A and the valence thereof is preferably 0.125 to 0.750 equivalent, more preferably 0.250 to 0.500 equivalent to the ol part. It was shown that.
【００３６】比較例１〜３および実施例７〜１６の比較
より、本発明の処理剤および処理方法を実施することに
より、可溶性珪酸塩のみを処理剤とする方法に比して、
優れた性能を示すことが明らかとなった。また、添加剤
Ａとして、塩化カルシウム、塩化マグネシウム、塩化ア
ルミニウム、ポリ塩化アルミニウム、塩化鉄（III)、硫
酸マグネシウム、硫酸アルミニウム、硫酸鉄（II）、ア
ルミン酸ナトリウム、およびミョウバンが有効であるこ
とが示された。From the comparison of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 and Examples 7 to 16, the treatment agent and the treatment method of the present invention were carried out, as compared with the method using only the soluble silicate as the treatment agent.
It was found that it exhibited excellent performance. As additive A, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, aluminum chloride, polyaluminum chloride, iron (III) chloride, magnesium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, iron (II) sulfate, sodium aluminate, and alum may be effective. Indicated.
【００３７】更に、処理物および処理物を回収した後の
溶液を観察したところ、比較例２および３では、溶液中
に浮遊するゲルが多量に観察された。また、処理物中に
は僅かにゲルが存在するのみであった。一方、実施例１
〜１５の場合、溶液中に浮遊するゲルは観察されなかっ
た。また、処理物中には白色のゲルが混在しているのが
観察された。これらから、あらかじめ珪酸塩を添加剤Ａ
とを反応せしめ、処理剤とすることによって、廃棄物と
混合されやすく、性能が発現しやすいことが明らかとな
り、本発明の処理剤および処理方法が有効であることが
示された。Further, when the processed product and the solution after the recovery of the processed product were observed, in Comparative Examples 2 and 3, a large amount of gel floating in the solution was observed. Further, only a slight amount of gel was present in the processed product. On the other hand, Example 1
In the case of １５15, no gel floating in the solution was observed. Further, it was observed that a white gel was mixed in the processed product. From these, the silicate was added to the additive A in advance.
It was clarified that the compound was easily reacted with the waste, and the performance was easily developed by reacting the compound with the compound (1) and (2), and it was shown that the treating agent and the treating method of the present invention were effective.
【００３８】（実施例１６）実施例４と同様の実験を行
い、任意に２点サンプリングし、Ｐｂ溶出量を測定し
た。(Example 16) The same experiment as in Example 4 was performed, and two points were arbitrarily sampled to measure the amount of Pb eluted.
【００３９】（実施例１７）処理剤添加後の攪拌を行わ
なかった以外は、実施例１６と同様にした。Example 17 The procedure of Example 16 was repeated, except that stirring after the addition of the treating agent was not performed.
【００４０】以上の実施例１６、１７の結果を表４に示
す。Table 4 shows the results of Examples 16 and 17 described above.
【００４１】[0041]
【表４】 [Table 4]
【００４２】実施例１６と実施例１７の比較から、水槽
内を攪拌することによって、処理物が均一となり、処理
剤の性能がより発現されやすくなることが明らかとなっ
た。よって、本発明の処理方法が有効であることが示さ
れた。From the comparison between Example 16 and Example 17, it was clarified that, by stirring the inside of the water tank, the processed product became uniform, and the performance of the processing agent was more easily developed. Therefore, it was shown that the processing method of the present invention was effective.
【図１】 本発明の処理方法を連続式で実施する場合の
１例を示すフロート図である。FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a case where a processing method of the present invention is performed in a continuous manner.
【図２】 （ａ）、（ｂ）は、いずれも実施例における
廃棄物処理方法を示す説明図である。FIGS. 2A and 2B are explanatory diagrams showing a waste disposal method in an embodiment.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 上北 正和 大阪府摂津市鳥飼西５丁目１番１号 鐘淵 化学工業株式会社内 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Masakazu Kamikita 5-1-1 Torikai Nishi, Settsu-shi, Osaka Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
Claims (16)
理剤であって、可溶性珪酸塩と、下記添加剤Ａ、および
水とからなり、ゾル状あるいは水分散状であることを特
徴とする廃棄物処理剤。 添加剤Ａ：カルシウム、マグネシウム、鉄（II）、鉄
（III)、およびアルミニウムからなる群から選択される
少なくとも１種の多価金属イオンを含有する物質。1. A treatment agent for waste containing a heavy metal such as Pb, comprising a soluble silicate, the following additive A, and water, wherein the agent is in a sol state or a water dispersion state. Waste treatment agent. Additive A: A substance containing at least one polyvalent metal ion selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, iron (II), iron (III), and aluminum.
の処理剤。2. The treating agent according to claim 1, wherein the silicate is an aqueous solution.
記載の処理剤。3. The method of claim 1, wherein said silicate is sodium silicate.
The treating agent according to the above.
ーダ３号である請求項３記載の処理剤。4. The treatment agent according to claim 3, wherein the sodium silicate is sodium silicate No. 3 of a JIS standard product.
マグネシウム、塩化アルミニウム、ポリ塩化アルミニウ
ム、塩化鉄（III)、硫酸マグネシウム、硫酸アルミニウ
ム、硫酸鉄（II）、アルミン酸ナトリウム、およびミョ
ウバンからなる群から選択される少なくとも１種である
請求項１記載の処理剤。5. The additive A comprises calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, aluminum chloride, polyaluminum chloride, iron (III) chloride, magnesium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, iron (II) sulfate, sodium aluminate, and alum. The treatment agent according to claim 1, which is at least one member selected from the group.
中のカチオン１００ｍｏｌ部に対して、添加剤Ａ中の多
価金属イオンのｍｏｌ部とその価数の積が０．１２５〜
０．７５当量の範囲となる量である請求項１記載の処理
剤。6. The amount of the additive A to be added is such that the product of the mol part of the polyvalent metal ion in the additive A and the valence thereof is 0.125 to 100 mol part of the cation in the soluble silicate.
2. The treating agent according to claim 1, wherein the amount is in the range of 0.75 equivalent.
中のカチオン１００ｍｏｌ部に対して、添加剤Ａ中の多
価金属イオンのｍｏｌ部とその価数の積が０．２５〜
０．５０当量の範囲となる量である請求項１記載の処理
剤。7. The addition amount of the additive A is such that the product of the mol part of the polyvalent metal ion in the additive A and the valence thereof is 0.25 to 100 mol part of the cation in the soluble silicate.
2. The treating agent according to claim 1, wherein the amount is in the range of 0.50 equivalent.
たは請求項５記載の処理剤。8. The treatment agent according to claim 1, wherein the additive A is an aqueous solution.
珪酸塩の水溶液、および、添加剤Ａ、更に必要に応じて
水を添加した後、混合、攪拌することを特徴とする請求
項１に記載された処理剤を調製する方法。9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in preparing the treating agent, an aqueous solution of a soluble silicate, an additive A, and, if necessary, water are added, followed by mixing and stirring. To prepare a treated treating agent.
る廃棄物を収容した水槽に、前記請求項１〜８のいずれ
かに記載の処理剤を添加することを特徴とする廃棄物処
理方法。10. A waste treatment method, comprising adding the treatment agent according to claim 1 to a water tank containing waste containing a heavy metal such as Pb together with water.
する請求項１０記載の処理方法。11. The treatment method according to claim 10, wherein the inside of the water tank is stirred in the treatment method.
排出される主灰、ばいじん、またはそれらの混合物であ
る請求項１０または請求項１１記載の処理方法。12. The treatment method according to claim 10, wherein the waste is main ash, soot and dust discharged from a municipal solid waste incineration plant, or a mixture thereof.
請求項１０または請求項１１記載の処理方法。13. The processing method according to claim 10, wherein the processing method is performed in a batch system.
続して水槽内に供給され、廃棄物と処理剤の混合物が連
続して水槽内から排出されて連続式で行われる請求項１
０または請求項１１記載の処理方法。14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the waste material and the treatment agent are continuously supplied into the water tank, and the mixture of the waste material and the treatment agent is continuously discharged from the water tank.
The processing method according to claim 11 or claim 12.
れる湿式灰冷却装置である請求項１２記載の処理方法。15. The treatment method according to claim 12, wherein the water tank is a wet ash cooling device provided in a waste treatment facility.
量１００重量部に対して、処理剤中の珪酸塩の固形分が
０．１〜５重量部となる量である請求項１０記載の処理
方法。16. The treatment agent according to claim 10, wherein the solid content of the silicate in the treatment agent is 0.1 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the dry weight of the waste. Processing method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8156471A JPH10446A (en) | 1996-06-18 | 1996-06-18 | Waste treatment agent and treatment method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8156471A JPH10446A (en) | 1996-06-18 | 1996-06-18 | Waste treatment agent and treatment method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10446A true JPH10446A (en) | 1998-01-06 |
Family
ID=15628483
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8156471A Pending JPH10446A (en) | 1996-06-18 | 1996-06-18 | Waste treatment agent and treatment method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH10446A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4716686A (en) * | 1984-06-14 | 1988-01-05 | Peter Lisec | Device for treating the edge zones of plate-shaped elements |
| JP2006181432A (en) * | 2004-12-27 | 2006-07-13 | Kyushu Institute Of Technology | Waste treatnent method, and adsorbing material for waste treatment |
-
1996
- 1996-06-18 JP JP8156471A patent/JPH10446A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4716686A (en) * | 1984-06-14 | 1988-01-05 | Peter Lisec | Device for treating the edge zones of plate-shaped elements |
| JP2006181432A (en) * | 2004-12-27 | 2006-07-13 | Kyushu Institute Of Technology | Waste treatnent method, and adsorbing material for waste treatment |
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