JPH1038790A - Method and machine for testing pollution - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform a test in correlation to the degree of pollution in natural exposure by discharging dust under the charged condition and magnetized condition of a sample to deposite the dust on the sample. SOLUTION: A charged and magnetized test stand 3 is provided in the center of a test tank 1 and a circulating blower 2 is provided right below the test stand 3. A pipe 6 for discharging polluted materials from a dust generator 4 is provided on the front surface of the circulating bellower 2 to penetrate the wall of the test tank 1. A sample 5 is mounted on the charged and magnetized sample stand 3. The test tank 1 is an enclosed box made of anticorrosion metal and provided with an opening/closing door to exhaust air only from an exhaust port 8 through a filter 7. The circulating blower 2 is of a dust-proof type to change the rotational frequency by an inverter or the like for providing required wind velocity. A mixture of carbon black, yellow ochre, burned Kanto loam and silica powder is used for artificial dust. Thus the deposit of a polluted material approximating to the different results of outdoor exposure corresponding to the quantity of the test material can be obtained.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[Industrial application] Testing method for pollution caused by airborne pollutants of various materials used in buildings, bridges, tunnels, road guardrails, signs, vehicles, etc. that are used outdoors for a long period of time under exposure And a test apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art With respect to durability of buildings and structures against outdoor exposure, conventionally, deterioration factors such as ultraviolet rays, rain, wind,
Focusing on temperature, humidity, condensation, sea salt particles, pollutant gas, etc., weather meters, salt spray testers, gas corrosion testers, etc. are used as testers to artificially reproduce these deterioration factors and promote deterioration. However, in recent years, fine particles such as dust floating in the air adhere to the outer walls of the building, cause dirt, impair the aesthetic appearance, and cause secondary defects such as corrosion. It is becoming impossible to ignore.

To solve this problem, Japanese Patent Application No. 63-28984 has been proposed.
No. 3 (Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 3-58661) provides a dust pollution accelerating test machine. Dust flies and adheres to the walls of a building, etc., which adheres to the walls by repeated condensation and drying, and the dust is suspended. In order to reproduce such a state close to the natural situation in which rainwater contained in the water flows down and the substance adhering to the wall dries and adheres, water in which dust is suspended in advance is made to flow intermittently to the sample surface. This is a tester that blows hot air on the sample surface to dry it and then attaches dust to the sample surface.In this test, the amount of water of the suspension flowing down to the sample surface is This is done evenly.

[0004] When three types of tests were carried out on the coated test piece using a melamine resin, an acrylic resin, and a fluororesin with this apparatus, the adhesion of dust to the sample surface was the same for all samples. There was no difference, but in natural exposure, the adhesion amount of dust increased in the order of melamine resin, acrylic resin, and fluorine-based resin coating, there was a difference in contamination, and fluorine-based coatings had excellent weather resistance. However, dust adheres easily, and the poorest result among the above three types is obtained from the viewpoint of the degree of contamination.

[0005] The above-mentioned dust pollution promotion tester can promote the pollution, but has a drawback that it cannot obtain an approximate result as obtained in the natural world.

[0006]

When dust lands on a building wall or the like, the dust rubs in the air and becomes charged.
Walls can be electrified due to friction caused by dust and wind, and this is remarkably observed in automobiles, etc., and as soon as the door handle is touched, a snapping sound is heard and anyone who experiences electricity escapes through the human body. This is because static electricity is generated and the vehicle body is charged. Therefore, the charged dust adheres to the wall by the electrostatic action, and those that are easily charged easily adhere to the dust.

[0007] Further, there is also a dust of a magnetic material, and iron powder is a typical example, but a magnetic dust easily adheres to a magnetic material. This is considered to be a factor that caused a difference in dust adhesion of the resin paint.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a test method and a test apparatus in which a sample in a charged state and a magnetized state are provided, dust is released, and the sample is attached to the sample.

[0009]

[Means for Solving the Problems]

(1) In the present invention, a circulating blower that creates a circulating airflow of a constant air volume in a test tank, a dust generator that disperses a certain amount of contaminants in the circulating airflow, and exposes a sample in a charged state or a magnetized state Provided is a contamination tester, which consists of a charged / magnetized sample stage, forcing a sample to be charged or magnetized to adhere contaminants, and a test method having a correlation with the degree of contamination in natural exposure. Is what you do.

(2) A heater, a humidity generator, a dehumidifier, a temperature detector, a temperature controller, a humidity detector, and a humidity controller are provided in the test tank to control the temperature and humidity in the test tank. It is also possible to conduct a test for charging contaminants under low-humidity conditions or high-humidity conditions, or for adhesion tests to magnetized samples.

(3) The pollutants are alkaline dust,
Alternatively, by using it separately from acid dust, the effect of alkaline or acid dust on the sample, that is, contamination,
It is possible to investigate the relationship between discoloration, corrosion, etc.

[0012]

【Example】

(1) FIG. 1 shows an example of the embodiment. The charged / magnetized sample table 3 is installed in the center of the test tank 1, the circulating blower 2 is installed just below the charged / magnetized sample table 3, and the contaminant discharge pipe 6 from the dust generator 4 penetrates the wall of the test tank 1. And installed on the front of the circulation blower 2. The sample 5 is placed on the charged / magnetized sample table 3.

The test tank 1 is made of a corrosion-resistant metal. Generally, stainless steel plates SUS304, SUS316 and the like are used. Although not shown, an opening / closing door is provided, and due to airtightness, dust leaks to the outside during the test. The joint is a closed box holding a complete seal, including the door packing so that air escapes only at the exhaust port 8 through the filter 7.

The circulating blower 2 is of a dustproof type, and it is possible to obtain a required wind speed by changing the number of revolutions by an inverter or the like.

As shown in FIG. 2, the dust generator 4 includes a hopper 16, a rotary table 19, a rotary speed change motor 20, a rough scraping mechanism 17, a fine scraping mechanism 18, a fine scraping chute 21, and the like. The artificial dust 23 stored in the hopper 16 is allowed to flow out onto the rotary table 19 from a small gap formed between the hopper outlet and the rotary table, and the artificial dust is deposited on the rotary table with a predetermined thickness by a coarse scraping mechanism. A part of the artificial dust that has been smoothed out to a certain thickness is scraped off by the fine scraping mechanism, dropped on the fine scraping chute 21, and the artificial dust is supplied to the test tank 1.

The supply amount of the artificial dust is adjusted by the rotation speed of the rotary table 19, the leveled thickness of the artificial dust by the coarse scraping mechanism 17, and the amount of scraping by the fine scraping mechanism 18.

As the artificial dust, carbon black (channel black), yellow ocher (synthetic ocher),
A mixture of calcined Kanto loam (8 kinds of test dust) and silica powder (3 kinds of test dust) is used. Table 1 shows an example of the mixture.

[0018]

[Table 1]

The dust dropped on the scraping chute 21 is discharged from the contaminant discharge pipe 6 to the test tank 1 by a blower 22, and the discharged dust is dispersed in a circulating airflow by circulating air. Circulate.

The charged / magnetized sample table 3 is made of a substance which has a single-sided sample mounting surface and is easily charged.

In the case of charging, in FIG. 3, a rotating friction plate 26 is provided on the back surface of the sample mounting plate 24, and the surface thereof is formed of a material which is separated from the material of the sample mounting plate 24 by a charging line. For example, when the sample mounting plate 24 is made of glass, a vinyl chloride sheet 25 is attached to the rotating friction plate 26, and the rotating friction plate 26 is
7 and the back surface of the sample mounting plate 24 is rubbed by the vinyl chloride sheet 25, so that static electricity is generated.
And is charged. The sample 5 placed on the charged sample mounting plate 24 is charged by electrostatic induction and polarization.

The rotary friction plate 26 and the variable speed deceleration motor 27 are incorporated in the charging / magnetizing sample table 3 to enable operation without any trouble even in the air current in which contaminants float.

When the surface of the sample mounting plate 24 is charged to + (plus), the surface of the mounted sample 5 in contact with the sample mounting plate 24 is-(minus), and the opposite surface is A non-uniform distribution of charges occurs at + (plus), and an apparent charge state is obtained.

The contaminants in the circulating air flow are attracted to the charged sample and are forcibly adhered thereto, and the amount of the contaminants differs depending on the strength of the charged state of the sample. The magnitude of the charging strength can be changed by the combination of the materials applied to the sample mounting plate 24 and the rotating friction plate 26.

There are two types of substances: those that easily emit electrons (-) and those that easily receive electrons (-).
Table 2 shows the order in which the order is easier to discharge to the left, and the order to receive more toward the right.

[0026]

[Table 2]

A substance that easily emits electrons means that it is easily charged to (+). In other words, a substance that easily receives electrons is easily charged to (−), and selection of a substance far from the left end and the right end is difficult. The charge strength is increased, and the material on the left end side becomes (+) charged, and the material on the right side becomes (-) charged.

With respect to the glass of the sample mounting plate 24, the electrification strength tends to become smaller as the materials approaching the (+) side of Teflon, vinyl chloride, polyethylene, and acrylic, and therefore, the glass is attached to the rotary friction plate 26. The charging strength can be changed by selecting the material to be used.

Also, by changing the rotation speed of the variable speed reduction motor 27 and increasing or decreasing the number of rotations of the rotary friction plate 26, the charge strength of the sample mounting plate 24 can be increased or decreased. The range of strong and weak charging strength can be expanded.

Also, an electric conductor 28 is deposited or coated on the back surface of the sample mounting plate 24 shown in FIG. 4 or a metal plate is lined, and a high voltage is applied to the sample to charge the sample mounting plate 24. In the application method, a method in which the applied voltage of the high-voltage power supply device 29 can be varied is used.
4, the voltage applied to the electric conductor 28 on the back surface is changed to increase or decrease the charging strength.

As a specific example of the sample mounting plate, a glass plate having a back surface coated with a metal such as copper or aluminum by vapor deposition is used. The (+) side of the DC high voltage is connected to the deposited metal film, and a high voltage of 0 to 20 kV is applied. The (-) side is connected to the body case.

On the other hand, in the case of magnetism, an electromagnet 31 is attached in place of the rotating friction plate 26 and the variable speed reduction motor 27 at the time of charging in FIG.
The direction of the S pole or the N pole with respect to the direction of the sample mounting plate is determined by the direction of the DC current flowing through the electromagnetic coil 32. In place of the electromagnet 31, a flat permanent magnet is replaced by a rotating friction plate 26.
In the case of an electromagnet, the generation and stop of an electromagnetic force can be arbitrarily performed with or without flowing a current.

The magnitude of the magnetization is adjusted by increasing or decreasing the value of the DC current flowing through the electromagnetic coil 32. The magnetic force increases by increasing the current, and the magnetic force can be reduced by decreasing the current.

In any case, when a painted plate made of an iron plate is placed on the sample mounting plate 24, the painted plate is magnetized, and the dust of the magnetic substance is attracted to the magnetic force and is forcibly attached to the painted plate.

With the charged / magnetized sample stage 3 charged, a test of the coated plate sample was performed. There are three types of coating, melamine resin paint, acrylic resin paint, and fluorine resin paint. The relationship between the test time and the amount of contaminants adhering to the test piece is examined. As shown in FIG. 6, fluorine resin paint> acrylic Resin paint> melamine resin paint showed a tendency to decrease the amount of contaminants attached in this order. As a result of outdoor exposure, a result similar to that of FIG. 7 was obtained.

(2) The temperature and humidity in the test tank, particularly the humidity, have a great influence on the adhesion due to charging, and the charging decreases at high humidity, and the charging condition increases at low humidity and in a dry state.

The heater 9 provided in the tank is controlled at a predetermined temperature by a temperature detector 12 and a temperature controller 13, and the humidity generator 10 and the dehumidifier 11 are controlled by a humidity detector 14 and a humidity controller 15. In order to control to a predetermined humidity, the humidity generator 10,
Alternatively, the dehumidifier 11 is operated to create various conditions of temperature and humidity, thereby enabling a test according to actual conditions.

For the charged sample, the relationship shown in FIG. 8 is obtained between the relative humidity of the air in the test tank and the amount of adhesion per unit time, and the lower the relative humidity, the easier the charging and the more the amount of dust attached. When the humidity is high, the amount of adhesion decreases.

(3) An example of artificial dust is shown in Table 1, and the suspended particulate matter floating in the air is described in the periodic table, and most of the substance is contained even if the amount is small. doing. Among them, Pb with biological effects and harmful effects
(Lead), Cd (cadmium), Sb (antimony), Sn
(Tin) and Ti (titanium) are included, and the national air measurement network and the results of activation analysis of suspended solid components are reported (1974-1979). Table 3 shows the concentrations of various elements for the fiscal year.

[0040]

[Table 3]

Table 4 shows the concentrations of sulfate and nitrate in suspended dust at the National Bureau of Measurement. (1975)

[0042]

[Table 4]

Table 5 shows the state of artificially generated particles generated from the factory.

[0044]

[Table 5]

As described above, in the air, all the elements are suspended alone or as a compound, and depending on the region, there are many acidic suspended dusts and, on the contrary, there are many alkaline suspended dusts. Adheres to buildings, bridges, tunnels, road guardrails, signs, vehicles, etc., causing dirt, which further leads to deterioration such as corrosion phenomena.

Therefore, these dusts are artificially adjusted,
Sorted and prepared as acidic dust or alkaline dust,
It is important as a test based on the actual situation to supply the dust to the hopper 16 of the dust generator 4, discharge the pollutant from the pollutant discharge tube 6 to the test tank 1, and check the state of adhesion to the charged or magnetized sample. The invention made it possible for the first time.

[0047]

According to the present invention in consideration of the charging and magnetizing phenomena, it becomes possible to obtain the adhesion of contaminants in a manner similar to the result of outdoor exposure that differs depending on the material of the test sample. By changing the humidity conditions, changes in the adhesion of pollutants to the sample can be seen, and the present invention is extremely effective in elucidating the contamination situation and the corresponding materials in areas with different weather conditions such as dry areas and subtropical areas. I found it to be. Further, since the test can be performed by specifying acidic dust or alkaline dust as a contaminant, detailed elucidation of the stain is made possible. It was confirmed that the contamination tester was extremely effective in determining whether a sample was easily contaminated.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an example of a contamination tester according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a dust generator.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a charged state of a charged / magnetized sample table.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a charged state of a charged / magnetized sample table.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a magnetized state of a charged / magnetized sample table.

FIG. 6 illustrates an experimental example.

FIG. 7 illustrates an experimental example.

FIG. 8 illustrates an experimental example.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Test tank 2 Circulating blower 3 Charging / magnetism sample stand 4 Dust generator 5 Sample 6 Pollutant discharge pipe 7 Filter 8 Exhaust port 9 Heater 10 Humidity generator 11 Dehumidifier 12 Temperature detector 13 Temperature controller 14 Humidity detector Reference Signs List 15 humidity controller 16 hopper 17 coarse scraping mechanism 18 fine scraping mechanism 19 rotary table 20 rotary speed change motor 21 fine scraping chute 22 blower 23 artificial dust 24 sample mounting plate 25 vinyl chloride sheet 26 rotating friction plate 27 variable speed reduction motor 28 Electric conductor 29 High voltage power supply 30 DC power supply 31 Electromagnet 32 Electromagnetic coil

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A circulating blower for creating a circulating airflow at a constant wind speed in a test tank, a dust generator for dispersing a certain amount of contaminants in the circulating airflow, and a charging / magnetization for exposing a sample in a charged state or a magnetized state. A contamination tester consisting of a sample table and
A contamination test method in which a sample is charged or magnetized under various temperature and humidity conditions and the state and amount of contaminants adhered are examined. 2. The pollution test method according to claim 1, wherein a sample of alkaline dust or acidic dust is used as a pollutant, and the effect of the sample on the sample of alkaline dust or acidic dust is examined. 3. A circulating blower for generating a circulating airflow at a constant wind speed in a test tank; a dust generator for dispersing a certain amount of contaminants in the circulating airflow; A pollution tester comprising a magnetized sample stage, wherein the sample is charged or magnetized to force adhesion of contaminants. 4. A heater, a temperature detector, a temperature controller, a humidity generator, a dehumidifier, a humidity detector, and a humidity controller which enable control of temperature and humidity in the test tank. Pollution testing machine. 5. A control device for controlling the charging strength of the charged / magnetized sample stage and the strength of the magnetized magnetic field, the change in the state of adhesion of the pollutant depending on the strength of the charged / magnetized field, and the sorting test of the pollutant. 4. The contamination tester according to claim 3, wherein