JPH10317891A - Shield machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To conduct excavation by a method, in which durability due to abrasion need not be feared. SOLUTION: In the shield machine 1, a partition wall 4 is installed into the front of a shield body 3 protecting a ground 2 to be excavated, and a solution filling space 6 filled with water as a solution is formed between the partition wall 4 and a facing surface 5. A large number of ultrasonic vibrators 10 are installed crosswise on the facing side of the partition wall 4 at proper pitches so that the whole is arrayed rectangularly while a high-frequency power supply 11 driving the ultrasonic vibrators 10 is mounted at the rear of the partition wall 4, ultrasonic waves are emitted into water filled into the solution filling space 6 by vibrating the ultrasonic vibrators 10 by driving the high-frequency power supply 11, and the facing surface 5 can be excavated by the crushing effect of the ultrasonic waves.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shield excavator applied to the ground having various properties.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Tunnel construction in urban areas is performed for the purpose of subway, water and sewage, electric power, communication underground construction, and the like. Mountain tunnels are often excavated using a tunnel boring machine for rock excavation. In urban areas, on the other hand, tunnel excavation is generally carried out using a shield machine suitable for sedimentary layers such as alluvial and flood deposits.

[0003] In such a shield method, a hand-digging shield, which was the mainstream at the beginning of the introduction, has been changed to a mechanical shield, and at present, a muddy / earth pressure shield capable of obtaining a stable high-speed excavation even in an unstable ground. Are becoming mainstream.

[0004] Here, the muddy pressurized shield excavator and the earth pressure type shield excavator are provided with a partition wall in the shield main body to cut the inside of the shield front when the cutter attached to the tip of the shield main body is rotated to break the face. By closing and filling the space between the partition wall and the face with muddy water or excavated earth and sand, the muddy water pressure or the earth pressure in the space is balanced with the water pressure and the earth pressure of the face to prevent the inflow of groundwater and to stabilize the face. It is designed to be able to excavate while planning.

[0005]

However, the cutter for crushing the face gradually wears as the excavation proceeds, and in a long-distance tunnel such as a submarine tunnel, a cutter having extremely high durability against abrasion is required. Required. Therefore, in the long-distance tunnel, the production cost of the shield machine is increased or the production period is prolonged, which causes a problem that the cost of the entire tunnel construction is increased.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object to provide a shield excavator that does not require concern about the durability of the cutter due to wear.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, a shield machine according to the present invention protects an excavation ground and protects an excavation ground in a forward inside of a shield body which can be advanced in the excavation direction. A partition is provided so that a solution-filled space is formed between the partition and the face face, and an ultrasonic vibrator that emits ultrasonic waves into the solution filled in the solution-filled space is installed in the shield main body. And a high-frequency power supply for driving the ultrasonic vibrator, and the partition wall is provided with a supply pipe for supplying a solution to the solution-filled space and a discharge pipe for discharging the solution and excavated earth and sand in the space. is there.

In the shield machine according to the present invention, the ultrasonic vibrators are arranged in a rectangular shape.

Further, in the shield machine according to the present invention, an opening is provided in the partition wall, a predetermined diaphragm is attached at a position to close the opening, and the ultrasonic vibrator is joined to a rear surface of the diaphragm. Things.

In the shield machine according to the present invention, the ultrasonic vibrator is driven by operating the high-frequency power source, and the ultrasonic vibrator emits ultrasonic waves into a solution, for example, water filled in a solution filled space.

Then, cavitation by ultrasonic waves,
Acceleration, straight flow, and the like act directly and indirectly on the face to break the ground of the face. In other words, when strong ultrasonic waves are irradiated into water, the ultrasonic vibrations alternately apply a depressurizing force and a compressive force to the water, but bubbles generated in the water at the time of depressurization at the next moment It is crushed by the compressive force, and emits a strong impact sound wave into the water. And this shock wave becomes a destructive force and crushes the face.
In addition, the ultrasonic waves irradiated into the water naturally cause the water particles to vibrate, and an acceleration much larger than the gravitational acceleration is generated and transmitted to the face, thereby contributing to the crushing.

[0012] The crushed and excavated earth and sand is carried out of the shield body together with the solution through a discharge pipe penetrated through the partition wall, and a new solution is refilled into the solution-filled space through the supply pipe. Then, the shield body is moved forward while preventing the collapse of the surrounding ground with the shield body, and the above-described ultrasonic excavation is performed at the leading end, and segments are assembled at the rear end as in the case of a normal shield excavator.

[0013] The type of solution may be of any nature as long as it can generate cavitation by ultrasonic waves and the generation of shock waves when it is crushed. For example, water may be used, but it is necessary to stabilize the face. If so, a higher specific gravity, such as mud, can be used.

The shield machine according to the present invention can be said to be optimal when the face needs to be stabilized with muddy water, for example, when excavating a submarine tunnel penetrating a soft layer having a high pore water pressure. The purpose of using the solution in the invention is to generate cavitation by ultrasonic waves and to generate a shock wave when it is crushed, but not to stabilize the face as described above. Therefore, when the face is highly self-sustaining, the present invention can be applied to, for example, rock excavation of a mountain tunnel.

[0015] The frequency of the ultrasonic wave is preferably about 100 kHz or less, because the intensity of cavitation that greatly affects the crushing effect increases as the frequency decreases.

The ultrasonic vibrator may be placed at any position as long as ultrasonic waves can be emitted into the solution-filled space between the partition and the face. For example, the ultrasonic vibrator may be directly attached to the face of the partition. If an opening is provided in the partition wall and a predetermined diaphragm is attached at a position to close the opening, and the ultrasonic vibrator is bonded to the rear surface of the diaphragm, the ultrasonic vibrator is provided from behind the shield body. It can be repaired or replaced, and the structure takes care of maintenance.

The arrangement of the ultrasonic transducers is arbitrary. For example, if the ultrasonic transducers are arranged equally in a rectangular shape, a tunnel having a rectangular cross section can be excavated. The high-frequency power supply for driving the ultrasonic vibrator may be installed in the shield body or on the ground.

[0018]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a shield machine according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be noted that the same reference numerals are given to components and the like that are substantially the same as those in the conventional technology, and description thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 1A is an overall sectional view of a shield machine according to this embodiment. As can be seen from the figure, the shield machine 1 of the present embodiment has a partition 4 provided inside the front of a shield body 3 for protecting an excavation ground 2, and a water solution as a solution between the partition and the face 5. Is formed in the solution-filled space 6 in which is filled. Here, a propulsion jack 8 is provided inside the steel shell 7 constituting the shield main body 3 as in the conventional shield excavator. To move forward.

As can be clearly seen in FIG. 2, a large number of ultrasonic transducers 10 are mounted on the face side of the partition wall 4 at an appropriate pitch so that the whole is arranged in a rectangular shape. A high frequency power supply 11 is connected to the ultrasonic vibrator 10, and the high frequency power supply is driven to drive the ultrasonic vibrator 10
Vibrates to emit ultrasonic waves into the water filled in the solution-filled space 6, and the crushing effect of the ultrasonic waves causes
Can be excavated. The frequency of the ultrasonic wave is preferably about 100 kHz or less, because the intensity of cavitation, which greatly affects the crushing effect, increases as the frequency decreases.

The high-frequency power supply 11 may be composed of an oscillating circuit 12, a voltage amplifier 13 and a power amplifier 14, for example, as shown in the block diagram of FIG. The location of the high-frequency power supply 11 is determined by the partition wall 4 in the shield body 3.
May be installed at the rear of the vehicle, or may be installed on the ground.

On the other hand, the supply pipe 15 and the discharge pipe 1
6 through which the solution-filled space 6
And discharges the earth and sand excavated by the crushing effect of the ultrasonic waves together with the water to the outside of the tunnel through the discharge pipe 16.

As can be clearly understood from FIG. 2, the diameter of the discharge pipe 16 is made larger than that of the supply pipe 15 and the stirring blade 17 is installed near the discharge pipe so that the soil can be easily discharged. Therefore, it is preferable that the sediment settled downward is soared to smoothly discharge the soil.

In the shield machine 1 according to the present embodiment, the high-frequency power supply 11 is driven to vibrate each of the ultrasonic vibrators 10, and ultrasonic waves are transmitted from the ultrasonic vibrators into the water filled in the solution-filled space 6. Fire.

Then, cavitation by ultrasonic waves,
Acceleration, straight flow and the like act directly and indirectly on the face 5 to crush the ground on the face. In other words, when strong ultrasonic waves are irradiated into water, the ultrasonic vibrations alternately apply a depressurizing force and a compressive force to the water, but bubbles generated in the water at the time of depressurization at the next moment It is crushed by the compressive force, and emits a strong impact sound wave into the water. Then, this shock wave becomes a destructive force and crushes the face 5. In addition, the ultrasonic waves irradiated into the water naturally cause the water particles to vibrate, generating an acceleration much larger than the gravitational acceleration and transmitting the acceleration to the face 5 to contribute to the crushing thereof.

The crushed and excavated earth and sand is carried out of the shield main body 3 together with water through a discharge pipe 16 penetrated through the partition wall 4, and the new water is supplied to the solution via a supply pipe 15. Refill the filling space 6. And
The shield body 3 is advanced while preventing the collapse of the surrounding ground 2 with the shield body 3, and the ultrasonic excavation is performed at the tip of the shield body as described above. Perform assembling.

As described above, according to the shield machine 1 of the present embodiment, the ultrasonic vibrators 10 are arranged on the partition walls 4 and strong ultrasonic waves are emitted from the ultrasonic vibrators to cut the face 5. Because it was configured to crush and excavate,
The cutter which is indispensable in the conventional shield excavator becomes unnecessary. Therefore, according to the shield machine of the present embodiment, even if it is considered that the distance cannot be excavated because the durability of the cutter is poor in the related art, there is a concern about the wear of the ultrasonic oscillator and the like. And continuous excavation becomes possible. In addition, since the cutter and its rotary drive mechanism can be omitted, the overall weight of the shield excavator is reduced, and handling is facilitated.

Further, in the conventional shield machine, the tunnel section is excavated by rotating the cutter, so that the sectional shape is necessarily circular, and even if the cross-sectional shape required on the user side is not circular. However, tunnel excavation had to be performed as a circular section including the section. And as a result, he was forced to do extra digging,
According to the shield machine of the present embodiment, it is possible to efficiently excavate a tunnel having an arbitrary cross section by arranging the ultrasonic transducers in accordance with the shape of the cross section of the tunnel. In particular, by arranging a large number of ultrasonic transducers 10 vertically and horizontally according to the shape of the square tunnel cross section,
It is possible to efficiently excavate a rectangular tunnel without performing extra excavation.

In the present embodiment, a tunnel having a rectangular cross section is excavated by arranging the ultrasonic transducers 10 in a rectangular shape. However, the arrangement of the ultrasonic transducers 10 is adjusted to match the sectional shape of the tunnel. By doing so, it is possible to excavate a tunnel cross section of an arbitrary shape, and it is possible to perform excavation without waste according to the use of the tunnel. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an arrangement state of the ultrasonic transducers 10 suitable for excavating a circular tunnel.

Note that an elliptical shape can be used instead of a circular shape.

In this embodiment, a case where the present invention is applied to tunnel excavation has been described. However, for example, in the case of excavating a vertical shaft serving as a starting base of a shield machine, a ventilation opening of a mountain tunnel, and other vertical holes instead of the tunnel, Needless to say, the present invention can also be applied.

In the present embodiment, the ultrasonic vibrator 10
Is mounted on the face side of the partition wall 4, but the mounting position is arbitrary as long as ultrasonic waves can be irradiated into water. In particular, as shown in FIG. 4, the diaphragm 21 is provided with an opening 21 and the diaphragm 22 is located at a position to close the opening.
If the ultrasonic vibrator 10 is bonded to the rear surface of the vibration plate (the side opposite to the solution-filled space 6), the ultrasonic vibrator 10 can be repaired or replaced from behind the shield body 3. And a structure that takes into account maintenance. The thickness of the vibration plate 22 is preferably as thin as possible in terms of vibration, but is preferably made of, for example, about several mm of stainless steel in consideration of muddy water pressure and mechanical strength.

In the present embodiment, the partition 4 and the face 5
Although water is used as the solution to be filled between the above and the above, for example, muddy water can be used instead of water. In this case, since the specific gravity becomes larger than when water is used, when the independence of the excavation ground is poor, the face face can be stabilized.

[0034]

As described above, according to the shield excavator of the present invention according to the first aspect, the cutter which is indispensable in the conventional shield excavator becomes unnecessary, and the durability of the conventional cutter is reduced. It is possible to continuously excavate even if it is considered that the distance is too small to be excavated.
Further, by arranging the ultrasonic transducers in accordance with the shape of the tunnel cross section, it is possible to efficiently excavate a tunnel having an arbitrary cross section.

According to the shield machine of the present invention according to the second aspect, in addition to the effect of the first aspect, a large number of ultrasonic transducers are vertically and horizontally arranged in a rectangular shape according to the shape of the rectangular tunnel cross section. By doing so, without extra drilling
There is also an effect that the rectangular tunnel can be efficiently excavated.

According to the shield machine of the third aspect of the present invention, in addition to the effect of the first aspect, it becomes possible to repair or replace the ultrasonic vibrator from behind the shield body. Another effect is that the structure takes into account maintenance.

[0037]

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a shield machine according to an embodiment;
(a) is an overall cross-sectional view, and (b) is a block circuit diagram of an ultrasonic oscillator and a high-frequency power supply connected thereto.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the shield machine seen from the line AA of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing an arrangement state of an ultrasonic transducer according to a modification.

FIG. 4 is a detailed cross-sectional view showing a state of attachment of an ultrasonic transducer according to a modification.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shield machine 3 Shield main body 4 Partition wall 5 Face surface 6 Solution filled space 10 Ultrasonic vibrator 11 High frequency power supply 15 Supply pipe 16 Discharge pipe 21 Opening 22 Vibrating plate 31 Cutter

Claims (3)

[Claims] A shield is provided in the front of a shield body that protects an excavation ground and can be advanced in a digging direction, so that a solution-filled space is formed between the partition and a face face, and the solution-filled space is formed. An ultrasonic oscillator for emitting ultrasonic waves into the solution filled in the shield body, and a high-frequency power supply for driving the ultrasonic oscillator, and supplying the solution to the solution-filled space in the partition walls. And a discharge pipe for discharging the solution and excavated earth and sand in the space. 2. The shield machine according to claim 1, wherein said ultrasonic transducers are arranged in a rectangular shape. 3. The shield machine according to claim 1, wherein an opening is provided in said partition and a predetermined diaphragm is attached at a position closing said opening, and said ultrasonic vibrator is joined to a rear surface of said diaphragm. .