JPH10288853A - Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge having the same and electrophotographic apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor capable of maintaining always stabilized electrophotographic characteristics and having superior durability and resistance to abrasion of the surface due to slide-friction and occurrence of scratches and free from rise of residual potential and the process cartridge having this electrophotographic photoreceptor. SOLUTION: This electrophotographic photoreceptor is provided on a conductive substrate with a photosensitive layer and a protective layer formed by coating this photosensitive layer with a solution (A) containing a polymerization initiator composed of a curable resin component and polymerizable repeating structures or a solution (B) containing a polymerization initiator composed of a curable resin component and no polymerizable repeating structure and a polymerization initiator aid, and curing it.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and more particularly, to an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a specific protective layer. Further, the present invention relates to a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art An electrophotographic photosensitive member is required to have required sensitivity, electrical characteristics and optical characteristics according to an electrophotographic process to be applied. In particular, the surface layer of the photoreceptor that is repeatedly used is required to have durability against electric, mechanical and chemical external forces such as charging, development, transfer and cleaning, which are directly applied. Specifically, durability against abrasion and scratches on the surface due to rubbing and deterioration of the surface due to ozone generated during charging is required. In addition, there is a problem that toner adheres to the surface layer, and it is required to improve the cleaning property of the surface layer.

Attempts have been made to provide a surface protective layer containing a resin as a main component on a photosensitive layer in order to satisfy the characteristics required for the surface layer as described above. For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Sho 57-3
JP 0843 discloses a protective layer whose resistance is controlled by adding a metal oxide as conductive particles. The main effect is to prevent an increase in the residual potential in the photoconductor due to repeated use.

For the purpose of improving the dispersibility, hardness and cleaning property of the conductive particles, a solution containing at least a curable monomer and a polymerization initiator is applied, dried, and then exposed to light or heat. It has been proposed in JP-A-3-246553 and the like to form a protective layer by curing.

[0005]

However, with the recent trend toward higher image quality and higher durability, an electrophotographic photosensitive member satisfying the above requirements at a higher level has been studied.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic apparatus which has excellent durability against surface abrasion and scratches caused by rubbing, and which can always maintain stable electrophotographic characteristics without a rise in residual potential. It is to provide a photoreceptor.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the above electrophotographic photosensitive member.

[0008]

That is, the present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on a support and a protective layer on the photosensitive layer, wherein the protective layer comprises the following (A) and ( B) (A) A solution containing a curable resin component and a polymerization initiator having a polymerizable repeating structure. (B) A curable resin component, a polymerization initiator having no polymerizable repeating structure, and a polymerizable repeating structure. An electrophotographic photoreceptor obtained by applying at least one solution selected from the group consisting of a solution containing a polymerization initiator having the following formula on the photosensitive layer and curing the solution.

Further, the present invention is a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the above electrophotographic photosensitive member.

The protective layer of the present invention is prepared by applying a solution containing a curable resin component, a polymerization initiator and, if necessary, a polymerization initiation aid onto the photosensitive layer, and drying the solution if necessary. It is formed by curing using heat or heat.

Although the reason why the remarkable effect of the present invention can be obtained by the above constitution is not clear, since the polymerization initiator and / or the polymerization initiation auxiliary has a polymerizable repeating structure,
During and after the formation of the protective layer, these hardly move in the protective layer, and the polymerization initiator and / or the polymerization initiation auxiliary which did not participate in the polymerization oozes out on the surface or hardly permeates the photosensitive layer. It is considered that excellent durability and electrophotographic properties can be obtained.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The polymerization initiator in the present invention is:
A compound that can generate a radical by energy such as light or heat. In addition, the polymerization initiation aid,
The polymerization initiator enhances the ability to generate radicals, that is,
A compound capable of sensitizing the sensitivity of a polymerization initiator to light, heat, and the like by energy such as light and heat. Note that this relationship may be relative,
The same compound may function as a polymerization initiator or function as a polymerization initiation aid depending on the compound to be combined. In the present invention, a photopolymerization initiator and a photopolymerization initiation aid are preferred because the curing speed when forming the protective layer is high.

When the polymerization initiator and the polymerization initiation auxiliary have a polymerizable repeating structure, the structure includes a polymerizable repeating structure, a polymerization initiator structure or a polymerization initiation auxiliary structure, and Is roughly divided into a linking group moiety for linking these as necessary.

The polymerizable repeating structure portion is a structure in which repeating units are bonded and is obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable group and polymerizing (including oligomerization), and is an acrylic (including methacrylic). And liquid polybutadiene, unsaturated polyester, and polyenepolythiol. In the present invention, in terms of reactivity and matching with a preferred curable resin component described below,
It is preferably acrylic.

The polymerization initiator structural portion may have any structure as long as it can generate a radical by energy such as light or heat, and one atom of a normal monomolecular polymerization initiator is used as a bond. Structure. Preferred unimolecular polymerization initiators include benzophenone, Michler's ketone, thioxanthone, benzoin butyl ether, acyloxime ester and dibenzosuberone.

The structural portion of the polymerization initiation aid may be any structure as long as it can sensitize the polymerization initiator by energy such as light or heat. And a structure having the atom as a bond. Preferred unimolecular polymerization initiators include triethanolamine, Michler's ketone, 2-dimethylaminobenzoic acid, 4,4'-diethylaminobenzophenone, and isoamyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate.

The bonding group portion is derived from a monomolecular polymerization initiator or a group previously introduced as necessary in order to facilitate introduction of a polymerizable group into the monomolecular polymerization initiator. The group introduced in advance may have any structure as long as it can synthesize the polymerization initiator and the polymerization initiation auxiliary of the present invention.

As described above, the polymerization initiator and the polymerization initiation auxiliary of the present invention include a monomolecular polymerization initiator and a polymerization initiation auxiliary,
If necessary, a polymerizable group such as an acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group may be introduced via a bonding group, and the polymerizable polymerization initiator and the polymerization initiation auxiliary may be preliminarily polymerized to some extent.

In this case, the average degree of polymerization is preferably from 2 to 10, and more preferably from 2 to 5.

In the present invention, it is not necessary that all the repeating units in one molecule have a polymerization initiator structural part or a polymerization initiation auxiliary structural part, but at least half or more of the repeating units have one. Is preferred.

In summary, it can be said that the polymerization initiator and the polymerization initiation aid of the present invention have a structural unit represented by the following formula (1).

[0022]

[Outside 5] (Wherein P represents a repeating unit forming a polymerizable repeating structure, B ₁ represents a bonding group portion, I ₁ represents a polymerization initiator structure portion or a polymerization initiation auxiliary structure portion, and n represents 0
Or 1 is indicated. )

Further, in the present invention, P is preferably acrylic, that is, the structural unit is preferably represented by the following formula (2).

[0024]

[Outside 6] (In the formula, B ₂ represents a bonding group portion, I ₂ represents a polymerization initiator structure portion or a polymerization initiation auxiliary structure portion, R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and m represents 0 or 1.)

In the present invention, it is preferable to use a polymerization initiator and a polymerization initiation assistant in combination, and it is preferable that both of them have a polymerizable repeating structure.

The structural units of preferred specific examples of the polymerization initiator and the polymerization initiation auxiliary of the present invention are shown below.

[0027]

[Outside 7]

[0028]

[Outside 8]

In the present invention, a polymerization initiator having the structural unit represented by the structural unit examples (1) and (2) and a polymerization initiator having the structural unit represented by the structural unit example (3) are particularly preferred.

The synthesis reaction formula of the polymerization initiator of the present invention having the structural unit of the structural unit example (2) is shown below. Other polymerization initiators and polymerization initiation auxiliaries of the present invention can be synthesized in the same manner.

[0031]

[Outside 9]

The ratio of the polymerization initiator in the protective layer is preferably from 0.1 to 30% by weight, more preferably from 0.5 to 20% by weight, based on the curable resin component.
Further, the ratio of the polymerization initiation aid in the protective layer is preferably 0.1 to 30% by weight, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, based on the curable resin component. The ratio of the polymerization initiator to the polymerization initiator is preferably 20 to 300 mol%, and particularly preferably 50 to 200 mol%.

In the present invention, two or more kinds of the polymerization initiators and the polymerization initiators of the present invention may be used, respectively, or may be used as a mixture with other polymerization initiators and polymerization initiators. As the polymerization initiator and the polymerization initiation auxiliary that can be used,
Examples include benzophenone, Michler's ketone, thioxanthone, benzoin butyl ether, acyloxime ester, dibenzosuberone, triethanolamine, 2-dimethylaminobenzoic acid, 4,4'-diethylaminobenzophenone, and isoamyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate.

The curable resin component used in the protective layer of the present invention may be any of radically polymerizable resin monomers or oligomers, such as acrylic (including methacrylic), liquid polybutadiene, and unsaturated polyester. And polyene-polythiol resin monomers or oligomers. Among them, acrylic monomers or oligomers are preferable in terms of reactivity and hardness of the obtained resin.

Hereinafter, preferred examples of the curable resin component will be exemplified as the structure of the monomer.

[0036]

[Outside 10]

[0037]

[Outside 11]

[0038]

[Outside 12]

In the present invention, it is particularly preferable that the curable resin component is a monomer represented by the monomer examples (1) and (2), furthermore, the monomer represented by (1) or an oligomer obtained by polymerizing the monomer.

The curable resin component for the protective layer used in the present invention may be one kind or two or more kinds. In addition, resins such as polyester, polycarbonate, polyurethane, epoxy resin, silicone resin, alkyd resin and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer may be used in combination within a range where the remarkable effects of the present invention can be obtained.

In the present invention, it is preferable to use conductive particles in the protective layer.
Conductive metal oxide particles are preferred. Specific examples include particles of zinc oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, antimony oxide, indium oxide, bismuth oxide, tin-doped indium oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, and zirconium oxide. These metal oxide particles,
When one type or two or more types are mixed and used, and two or more types are mixed, they may be in the form of solid solution or fusion. The average particle size of such conductive particles is preferably 0.3 μm or less, and particularly preferably 0.1 μm or less.

In the present invention, it is preferable to add various additives for the purpose of improving the dispersibility of the conductive particles and the smoothness of the protective layer. In particular, regarding the improvement in dispersibility, it is very effective to perform a surface treatment on the conductive particles. As the surface treatment agent, a fluorine-containing silane coupling agent, a fluorine-modified silicone oil, a fluorine-based surfactant and a fluorine-based graft polymer are particularly preferable.

The ratio of the conductive particles in the protective layer is a main factor that determines the resistance of the protective layer.
Set to ¹⁰ to 10 ¹⁵ ohm · cm.

In the present invention, it is preferable to add fluorine atom-containing resin particles for the purpose of improving lubricity and the like. As the fluorine atom-containing resin particles, from among tetrafluoroethylene resin, ethylene trifluoride ethylene resin, ethylene hexafluorochloride propylene resin, vinylidene fluoride resin, ethylene difluorochloride resin and copolymers thereof. One type or two or more types are preferably selected, and particularly, ethylene tetrafluoride resin and vinylidene fluoride resin are preferable. The ratio of the fluorine atom-containing resin particles in the protective layer is preferably from 5 to 70% by weight, more preferably from 10 to 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the protective layer. The molecular weight of the resin and the particle size of the particles can be appropriately selected and are not particularly limited.

In the present invention, additives such as an antioxidant may be added to the protective layer for the purpose of improving weather resistance.

The thickness of the protective layer is preferably from 0.2 to 7 μm, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 5 μm.

In the present invention, an intermediate layer mainly composed of a resin may be provided between the protective layer and a photosensitive layer described later.

Next, the photosensitive layer will be described. The photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention may be a single layer containing both a charge generating substance and a charge transporting substance in the same layer, or a charge generating layer containing a charge generating substance and a charge transporting substance containing a charge transporting substance. It may be a stacked type having layers.

First, the laminated photosensitive layer will be described.

The laminated photosensitive layer includes a layer in which a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer are laminated on a support in this order, and a layer in which a charge transport layer and a charge generation layer are laminated in this order. In the above, the former is preferred.

The charge transport layer comprises a polycyclic aromatic compound having a structure such as biphenylene, anthracene, pyrene and phenanthrene in the main chain or side chain, a nitrogen-containing ring compound such as indole, carbazole, oxadiazole and pyrazoline, and a hydrazone compound. And a solution in which a charge transport material such as a styryl compound is dissolved in a binder resin, and then dried. Examples of the binder resin include polyester, polycarbonate, polystyrene, and polymethacrylate. The thickness of the charge transport layer is 5 to 40 μm
It is particularly preferable that the thickness be 10 to 30 μm.

The charge generating layer is made of a azo pigment such as Sudan Red and Diane Blue, a quinone pigment such as pyrenequinone and anthantrone, a quinocyanine pigment, a perylene pigment, an indigo pigment such as indigo and thioindigo, and a charge generating substance such as a phthalocyanine pigment. A solution dispersed in a binder resin such as butyral, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, and an acrylic resin is applied and dried, or the pigment is formed by vacuum evaporation. The thickness of the charge generation layer is preferably 5 μm or less, and particularly preferably 0.05 to 3 μm.

The single-layer type photosensitive layer is formed by applying a solution in which the above-mentioned charge generating substance and the above-mentioned charge transporting substance are dispersed and dissolved in the above-mentioned binder resin, and then drying. The thickness of the photosensitive layer is preferably 5 to 40 μm, particularly preferably 10 to 40 μm.
It is preferably from 30 to 30 μm.

The support in the present invention may be any one having conductivity, for example, a metal or alloy such as aluminum, copper, chromium, nickel, zinc, stainless steel or the like formed into a drum shape or a sheet shape, aluminum or copper. A metal foil having a conductive layer formed by applying a metal foil such as a laminate on a plastic film, aluminum, indium oxide, tin oxide, or the like to a plastic film, applying the metal or alloy together with a binder resin, Examples include plastic films and paper.

In the present invention, an undercoat layer having a barrier function and an adhesive function may be provided between the support (conductive layer) and the photosensitive layer. The undercoat layer can be formed of casein, polyvinyl alcohol, nitrocellulose, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, alcohol-soluble amide, polyurethane, gelatin and the like. The thickness of the undercoat layer is preferably 0.1 to 3 μm.

The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention can be applied to general electrophotographic devices such as copiers, laser beam printers, LED printers, and liquid crystal shutter printers. The present invention can be widely applied to devices such as printing, plate making, and facsimile.

Next, the process cartridge and the electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus having a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a drum-shaped electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, which is driven to rotate around an axis 2 at a predetermined peripheral speed in a direction indicated by an arrow. During the rotation process, the photosensitive member 1 is uniformly charged at a predetermined positive or negative potential on its peripheral surface by the primary charging means 3, and then the image from an image exposure means (not shown) such as a slit exposure or a laser beam scanning exposure. The exposure light 4 is received. Thus, an electrostatic latent image is sequentially formed on the peripheral surface of the photoconductor 1.

The formed electrostatic latent image is then transferred to developing means 5
The toner-developed image is developed between the photoconductor 1 and the transfer unit 6 from a paper supply unit (not shown).
Is transferred by the transfer means 6 to the transfer material 7 fed in synchronization with the rotation of. The transfer material 7 having undergone the image transfer is separated from the photoreceptor surface, introduced into the image fixing means 8 and subjected to image fixing, thereby being printed out of the apparatus as a copy. The surface of the photoreceptor 1 after the image transfer is cleaned and cleaned by removing the untransferred toner by a cleaning unit 9, and further subjected to a static elimination process by a pre-exposure light 10 from a pre-exposure unit (not shown). Used repeatedly for image formation. When the primary charging unit 3 is a contact charging unit using a charging roller or the like, the pre-exposure is not necessarily required.

In the present invention, a plurality of components, such as the photoreceptor 1, primary charging means 3, developing means 5 and cleaning means 9 described above, are integrally connected as a process cartridge, and this process is performed. The cartridge may be configured to be detachable from a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus such as a copying machine or a laser beam printer. For example, a cartridge in which at least one of the primary charging unit 3, the developing unit 5 and the cleaning unit 9 is integrally supported together with the photoreceptor 1, and the process cartridge 11 is detachably attached to the apparatus main body using a guide means such as a rail 12 of the apparatus main body. It can be.

[0060]

【Example】

Example 1 10 parts of tin oxide-coated titanium oxide (parts by weight, the same applies hereinafter) as a conductive pigment, 10 parts of titanium oxide as a resistance controlling pigment, and 10 parts of a phenol resin as a binder resin were placed on a 30φ, 260 mm aluminum cylinder. 0.001 part of silicone oil as leveling agent and methanol / methyl cellosolve as solvent (weight ratio 1/1)
The solution prepared by 20 parts was applied by dip coating and heat-cured at 140 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a conductive layer having a thickness of 15 μm.

Next, 3 parts of N-methoxymethylated nylon and 3 parts of copolymerized nylon were dissolved in a mixed solvent of 65 parts of methanol and 30 parts of n-butanol. This solution is dip-coated on the conductive layer and dried to form a film having a thickness of 0.1 μm.
An intermediate layer of 5 μm was formed.

Next, 9.0 °, 14.2 °, 23.9 at diffraction angles 2θ ± 0.2 ° in X-ray diffraction of CuKα characteristics.
Sand mill using 4 parts of oxytitanium phthalocyanine having strong peaks at 2 ° and 27.1 °, 2 parts of polyvinyl butyral (trade name: SREC BM-2, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 80 parts of cyclohexalone using φ1 mm glass beads. And dispersed for 4 hours in methyl ethyl ketone 11
Five parts were added to prepare a charge generation layer coating solution. By dip coating this solution on the intermediate layer and drying,
A charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.3 μm was formed.

Next, the styryl compound 10 shown below
Department and

[0064]

[Outside 13] 10 parts of polycarbonate (trade name Iupilon Z-200, manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in a mixed solvent of 20 parts of dichloromethane and 60 parts of chlorobenzene. This solution was applied onto the charge generating layer by dip coating, and dried by heating at 120 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a charge transporting layer having a thickness of 18 μm.

Next, 100 parts of antimony-containing tin oxide fine particles having an average particle size of 0.02 μm (trade name: T-1, manufactured by Mitsubishi Materials Corporation), (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) trimethoxysilane ( After milling 30 parts of Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. and 300 parts of a 95% ethanol 5% aqueous solution, the solution was filtered, washed with ethanol, and dried.
The surface treatment of the fine particles was performed by heat treatment at 120 ° C. for 1 hour.

100 parts of the antimony-containing tin oxide particles subjected to the surface treatment, 60 parts of the acrylic resin monomer represented by the monomer example (1), and a photopolymerization initiator having the structural unit represented by the structural unit example (1) (Average degree of polymerization 3) 3
0 parts, 30 parts of a photopolymerization initiation aid represented by the following formula, and

[0067]

[Outside 14] 300 parts of ethanol is dispersed for 96 hours by a sand mill, and 100 parts of ethylene tetrafluoride resin particles (trade name: Lubron L-2, manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.) are mixed with the dispersion and dispersed by a sand mill for 2 hours. Then, a coating solution for the protective layer was prepared. This solution was dip-coated on the charge transport layer, dried and then 160 w / c with a metal halide lamp.
By irradiating with ultraviolet light at a light intensity of m ² for 60 seconds,
A protective layer having a thickness of 3 μm was formed.

The prepared electrophotographic photosensitive member was mounted on a laser beam printer of a reversal developing system, the electrophotographic characteristics were evaluated, and an image output durability test was repeated.

The evaluation of the electrophotographic characteristics was performed using a cartridge from which the developing device and the cleaning means were removed. First, the surface potential of the photosensitive member immediately after the primary charge and the dark potential V _D. Next, an electrophotographic process for five A4 solid black images (entire surface exposure) is performed, and the surface potential of the fifth photoconductor is set to the light portion potential _VL . Then, primary charging is stopped with laser irradiation. The surface potential of the photoconductor at the fourth rotation is determined by the residual potential V _R
And

In the durability test, a normal cartridge was used.
An A4 halftone image with a printing rate of 4% was printed on 10,000 sheets, and the finally obtained image was visually evaluated.

Table 1 shows the results.

Example 2 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the photopolymerization initiator was changed to a compound having a structural unit represented by the structural unit example (2) (average degree of polymerization: 3). Created and evaluated.

Table 1 shows the results.

Example 3 The photopolymerization initiator was changed to a compound represented by the following formula.

[0075]

[Outside 15] An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the photopolymerization initiation auxiliary was changed to a compound having a structural unit represented by the structural unit example (3) (average degree of polymerization: 2). .

Table 1 shows the results.

Example 4 The photopolymerization initiator was changed to a compound represented by the following formula.

[0078]

[Outside 16] Otherwise, an electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 3.

Table 1 shows the results.

Examples 5 and 6 A photopolymerization initiator was prepared by using a compound having a structural unit represented by structural unit example (4) (average degree of polymerization: 3) and a compound having a structural unit represented by structural unit example (5) (average polymerization degree: 3). An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymerization degree was changed to 3).

Table 1 shows the results.

Example 7 Example 3 was repeated except that the photopolymerization initiator was replaced with a compound having a structural unit represented by structural unit example (6) (average degree of polymerization: 2).
An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as described above.

Table 1 shows the results.

Examples 8 and 9 The photopolymerization initiator was a compound having a structural unit represented by structural unit example (8) (average degree of polymerization: 3) and structural unit example (10)
, Except that the photopolymerization initiator was replaced with a compound having a structural unit represented by Structural Unit Example (11) (average degree of polymerization 3),
An electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.

Table 1 shows the results.

Example 10 An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the photopolymerization initiator was changed to a compound having a structural unit represented by structural unit example (11) (average degree of polymerization: 2). And evaluated.

Table 1 shows the results.

Example 11 The photopolymerization initiator was changed to a compound represented by the following formula.

[0089]

[Outside 17] An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the photopolymerization initiation auxiliary was changed to a compound having a structural unit represented by Structural Unit Example (11) (average degree of polymerization: 2).

Table 1 shows the results.

Examples 12 to 27 Using acrylic resin monomers as monomer examples (2) to (17)
An electrophotographic photoreceptor was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the compound represented by the following formula was used.

Table 1 shows the results.

Comparative Example 1 The photopolymerization initiator was changed to a compound represented by the following formula.

[0094]

[Outside 18] The photopolymerization initiation auxiliary is replaced with a compound represented by the following formula,

[0095]

[Outside 19] Otherwise, an electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.

The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Example 2 The photopolymerization initiator was changed to the compound shown below.

[0098]

[Outside 20] Otherwise, an electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1.

Table 1 shows the results.

Comparative Example 3 The photopolymerization initiator was changed to a compound represented by the following formula.

[0101]

[Outside 21] Otherwise, an electrophotographic photosensitive member was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1.

Table 1 shows the results.

Comparative Examples 4 to 6 The photopolymerization initiator was replaced with a compound represented by the following formula.

[0104]

[Outside 22] Otherwise, electrophotographic photosensitive members were prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Comparative Examples 1 to 3.

Table 1 shows the results.

[0106]

[Table 1]

[0107]

As described above, according to the present invention, the electrophotographic characteristics have excellent durability against surface abrasion and scratches caused by rubbing, and are always stable without increasing residual potential. , A process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an electrophotographic apparatus.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an electrophotographic apparatus provided with a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.

Claims (17)

[Claims] 1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer on a support and a protective layer on the photosensitive layer, wherein the protective layer comprises the following (A) and (B): Solution containing a polymerization initiator having a polymerizable repeating structure (B) Solution containing a curable resin component, a polymerization initiator having no polymerizable repeating structure, and a polymerization initiation assistant having a polymerizable repeating structure An electrophotographic photosensitive member obtained by applying at least one solution selected from the group consisting of: 2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the curable resin component is an acrylic resin. 3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the polymerizable repeating structure is an acrylic type. 4. The polymerizable repeating structure having an average degree of polymerization of 2
The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the number is from 10 to 10. 5. The polymerizable repeating structure having an average degree of polymerization of 2
The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 4, wherein 6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the polymerization initiator is a photopolymerization initiator. 7. The polymerization initiator according to the following formula (A) or (B): The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 6, which has a structural unit represented by the formula: 8. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein the polymerization initiator is a photopolymerization initiator. 9. The polymerization initiator according to the following formula: The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 8, which has a structural unit represented by: 10. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein both the polymerization initiator and the polymerization initiation auxiliary have a polymerizable repeating structure. 11. The curable resin component according to the following formula (C) or (D): [Outside 4] 11. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, which is a monomer represented by the formula or an oligomer obtained by polymerizing the monomer. 12. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 11, wherein the curable resin component is a monomer represented by the formula (C) or an oligomer obtained by polymerizing the monomer. 13. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein the solutions (A) and (B) further contain conductive particles. 14. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 13, wherein the conductive particles are a metal oxide. 15. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1, wherein the solutions (A) and (B) further contain fluorine atom-containing resin particles. 16. A process cartridge which integrally supports at least one means selected from the group consisting of an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging means, a developing means and a cleaning means and is detachable from an electrophotographic apparatus main body. An electrophotographic photoreceptor in which a photoreceptor has a photosensitive layer on a support and a protective layer on the photosensitive layer, wherein the protective layer comprises the following (A) and (B): And a solution containing a polymerization initiator having a polymerizable repeating structure (B) containing a curable resin component, a polymerization initiator having no polymerizable repeating structure, and a polymerization initiation assistant having a polymerizable repeating structure A process cartridge obtained by applying at least one solution selected from the group consisting of solutions on the photosensitive layer and then curing the solution. 17. An electrophotographic apparatus having an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging unit, a developing unit and a transfer unit, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a photosensitive layer on a support, and a protective layer on the photosensitive layer. Wherein the protective layer comprises the following (A) and (B): a solution containing (A) a curable resin component and a polymerization initiator having a polymerizable repeating structure; and (B) a curable resin component. Curing at least one solution selected from the group consisting of a solution containing a polymerization initiator having no polymerizable repeating structure and a polymerization initiation aid having a polymerizable repeating structure on the photosensitive layer. An electrophotographic apparatus obtained by the above.