JPH10248226A - Dc machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a high-performance DC machine without making the structure of the machine complicated. SOLUTION: A DC machine is provided with an armature having 3n (where, n is a natural number not smaller than 2) pieces of slots 8, 8,..., three commutator pieces 51 , 52 , and 53 , two brushes 6+ and 6- which are respectively brought into contact with the commutator pieces, two fields 71 and 72 arranged around the armature, and two armature coils wound around the sections of the armature between each slot. In winding the armature coils, three virtual planes (p), (q), and (r) respectively existing at positions which are shifted from each other by an central angle of 120 deg. are presumed as planes of symmetry and (n) (1/3 of the number of the slots) pieces of slots are selected and coil wires are wound around the sections between each selected slot, so that each coil piece of the armature coils may become plane-symmetrical to each other with respect to one plane of symmetry.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a direct current (DC) motor, which has a simple structure and can be manufactured at a low cost. In addition, the present invention relates to a technology capable of performing highly efficient power generation when a DC generator is used.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIGS. 17 and 18 schematically show a DC motor a as a conventional DC motor. This DC motor a has twelve armature slots and one commutator piece.
It is two.

A DC motor a has an armature iron core b in which twelve slots c, c,... Are formed and twelve armature coils d, d,. , the same number of commutator pieces f, f,... as the slots c, the brushes g, g for supplying power to the armature coils d, d,. Field magnets h, h.

The armature core b has twelve slots c ₁ , c ₂ ,..., C ₁₂ formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
Thus, the armature iron core b has twelve teeth i ₁ , i ₂ ,
· · ·, I ₁₂ is formed, the armature coils d, d,
... are, between the two slots located 150 degrees out of position at the center angle, for example, is wound slot c ₁ and c ₆ wound. This is between the slots located in a position shifted 180 degrees center angle, for example, an attempt to wind the coil wire between the slot c ₁ and slot c _7, the rotation shaft and the commutator (shown between the two slots This is obstructive, and it is difficult to wind the coil wire, and in particular, it cannot be wound by an automatic winding machine.

When the coil wire is wound around the slots c ₁ and c ₆ , the coil wire is wound around the side of the slot c _{1 on} the slot c ₂ side and the side of the slot c _{6 on} the slot c ₅ side. As Specifically, start winding from the slot c _1, slot c ₁
(Slot c ₂ side sides) - paper back - slot c ₆ (Slot c ₅ side sides) - paper front - Slot c ₁ (slot c ₂ side sides) - paper back - slot c ₆ (slot c
₅ side sides) - paper front - so that the slot c ₁ (slot c ₂ side sides).., Be a winding end slot c ₆ go Turn slot c ₁ and slot c ₆ wound As a result, the first armature coil d ₁ having the coil wires wound on the slots c ₁ and c ₆ as coil pieces j _1a and j _6b , respectively.
Is formed.

Here, one armature coil means a coil formed by winding one coil wire, and therefore, one armature coil has two lead wires. Also, one coil piece means a portion of one wound armature coil located in each slot of the wound coil wire.

[0007] When the coil wire is wound around each of the slots c _{1 to} c ₁₂ as shown in FIG.
Two coil pieces j _a in each slot c, will be j _b is present, the twelve armature coils d ₁ to d ₁₂ in total are formed. The subscripts “ _a ” and “ _b ” added to the reference numerals of the coil pieces j, j,... Indicate that “ _a ” is the clockwise direction in the slot and “ _b ” is the counterclockwise direction in the slot. This means that the coil pieces are located on the circumferential direction side.

The commutator pieces f _{1 to} f ₁₂ are fixed on the rotation axis of an armature (not shown) at a central angle of 30 degrees (in FIG. 17, for simplification of the drawing, the armature e Are shown on the outer peripheral side of each armature commutator piece f), one armature k of each armature coil d corresponds to one commutator arm f, and the other armature k corresponds to the one armature k. Commutator piece f adjacent to commutator piece f
, And thus the armature coil d is formed between the adjacent commutator pieces f.

[0009] For convenience of explanation, the numbering of each slot c and the numbering of each commutator piece f are, as shown in FIG. 17, the right tooth i of the two upper teeth in the vertical direction in the drawing. those situated on _the right side as "slot c _1", what at a position opposed to the slot c ₁ and "commutator segment f _1".

Specifically, the lead wire k _1a on the slot c ₁ side of the first armature coil d ₁ is connected to the commutator piece f ₁ and the slot c _1
The lead wire k _6b on the _sixth side is connected to the commutator piece f ₂ , respectively, and the lead wire k _2a on the slot c ₂ side of the second armature coil d ₂ is connected to the commutator piece f ₂ and on the slot c ₇ side. Lead wire k _7b is commutator piece f
₃ are respectively connected to, in this way, twelve armature coils d in that one of the lead wires k _a is one commutator segment f, the other lead wire k _b is one commutator It is connected to another commutator piece f adjacent to the piece f. Note that FIG.
In the above, the reference numerals given to the ends in the circumferential direction of the respective commutator pieces f indicate the reference numbers of the slots c where the coil pieces j connected to the commutator pieces f are located.

The brushes g ₊ , g _- are positioned at positions 180 ° apart from each other by a central angle in the circumferential direction, and one commutator piece f, f,.
It has become in contact bullet to ..., these brush g _+, g _-
The negative electrode and the positive electrode of an electrode (not shown) are separately connected. When the armature e is in the state shown in FIG.
₊ Contacts the commutator segment f ₁ and the brush g ₋ contacts the commutator segment f ₇ .

[0012] field magnets h, h is located 180 degrees center angle in the circumferential direction such that different poles are opposed, also, the brush g _+, g _- the positional relationship between the field magnet h ₁ and h the brush g ₊ the boundary between the _2, g _- is controlled so as to position each, when the armature e is in the state shown in FIG. 17, the field S pole of the magnet h ₂ is the coil piece j _11a, j _11b , j _10a , j _10b ,
_{j 9a, j 9b, j 8a} , j 8b, j 7a, the j _7b, field N pole of the magnet h ₁ is coil pieces _{j 1a, j 1 b, j} 2a, j 2b, j 3a, j 3b,
It faces j _4a , j _4b , j _5a , and j _5b , respectively.

Thus, in the state of the armature e shown in FIG. 17, when power is supplied to the brushes g ₊ and g ₋ , the brush g ₊ -commutator piece f ₁ -armature coil d ₁ -commutator piece f ₂ -motor Armature coil d ₂ -commutator piece f ₃ -armature coil d ₃ -commutator piece f ₄ -armature coil d ₄ -commutator piece f ₅ -armature coil d ₅ -commutator piece f ₆ -armature coil d ₆ - commutator segment f ₇ - brush g _- a circuit that, brush g ₊ - commutator segment f ₁ - armature coil d ₁₂ -
Commutator piece f ₁₂ -Armature coil d ₁₁ -Commutator piece f ₁₁ -Armature coil d ₁₀ -Commutator piece f ₁₀ -Armature coil d ₉ -Commutator piece f ₉ -Armature coil d ₈ -Commutator piece f ₈ - armature coil d ₇ - commutator segment f ₇ - brush g _- that the two circuits are formed.

As a result, a current in the direction shown in FIG. 17 flows through the coil pieces j _a , j _b ,... Arranged in the slots c, c,. Note that “「 ”marks and“ ● ”marks representing each coil piece j indicate that the“ 「” mark indicates that the direction of the current flowing through the coil wire is from the front side to the back side of the paper.
The mark “●” indicates that the direction of the current flowing in the coil wire is from the back side of the paper to the front side of the paper. The same applies to the following description.

FIG. 18 is a development view in which the slots c, armature coils d, commutator pieces f, field magnets h, brushes g, etc. are developed in the circumferential direction. Each of the coil pieces j, j,. The indicated arrow indicates the direction of the current flowing through the coil piece j. From this figure, it is found that the different orientations of the current flows through each of the coil pieces j _12a and j _12b and j _6a and j _6b positioned respectively in the slot c _6, c _12.

The coil pieces j _12a , j _12b and j
_6a, each coil piece j _a excluding j _6b, j _b, the ... moving force is generated to rotate the armature e clockwise,
The armature e rotates clockwise from the state shown in FIG.

[0017]

[SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION However, in the conventional DC motor a as described above, the coil pieces j _12a and j _12b respectively positioned in the slot c ₁₂ and slot c ₆
And j _6a and j _6b are mixed with currents having different directions, respectively, and these coil pieces j _12a and j _12b and j _6a and j _6b
Are placed in a magnetic field, the generated moving forces cancel each other out, resulting in a so-called ineffective magnetization region. As a result, the coil pieces j _12a , j _12b and j located in the slots c ₁₂ and c ₆ are eventually formed. _6a and j _6b have a problem that no rotational force contributing to the rotation of the armature e is generated.

In the conventional DC motor a, 1
Each of the twelve armature coils d, d,... Is wound around each of the two slots c, c,. Since the individual pieces f, f,... Are individually connected to each other, there is a problem that the manufacturing process is complicated and the cost is increased.

Providing twelve (same as the number of slots) commutator pieces f, f,... On a fixed peripheral surface requires one commutator piece f to be smaller. There is a limit, so that there is a problem that the number of slots cannot be increased.

Further, when there are many commutator pieces f, f,.
The number of times that the brush g makes contact so as to straddle the two adjacent commutator pieces f, f increases, and sparks increase, and
There is also a problem that heat is generated, brake torque is generated, and the efficiency of the DC motor is reduced.

In particular, carbon brushes are often used in this type of motor, and such carbon brushes are fragile, so they need to be thick to some extent (the size in the circumferential direction). One carbon brush may straddle the three commutator pieces, resulting in more invalid magnetization regions. On the other hand, when the commutator piece is enlarged, the commutator itself becomes large, and the winding work of the coil wire is hindered by the commutator, which makes it difficult to perform winding. In particular, there is a problem that the winding by the automatic winding machine cannot be performed.

The above problems are not limited to DC motors.
This is a problem that can also occur in DC generators.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to obtain a high-performance DC machine without complicating the structure.

[0024]

Therefore, a DC machine according to the present invention comprises an armature having 3n slots (n is a natural number of 2 or more), three commutator pieces, and two contacting pieces with the commutator pieces. A brush, two field magnets arranged around the armature, and three armature coils wound between a predetermined number of slots.
Three virtual planes virtually existing at positions shifted by 0 degrees are respectively set as symmetry planes, and each armature coil selects n (one-third of the number of slots) slots, and selects the selected plurality of slots. A coil wire is wound between the slots so that the coil pieces of the armature coil are plane-symmetric with respect to one symmetry plane.

Therefore, the number of commutator pieces is smaller than the number of slots, which facilitates winding of the armature coil. According to such a method of winding the armature coil, the commutator pieces are located in one slot. The current directions of the coil pieces are not mixed, so that a so-called ineffective magnetization region is eliminated, and the performance of the DC machine can be improved.

[0026]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The details of the DC machine according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

In each of the embodiments described below, the DC motor of the present invention is applied to a DC motor.

FIGS. 1 to 8 show a first embodiment of a DC machine according to the present invention, in which the number of slots of an armature is 3n (n is a natural number of 2 or more) and n = 3, that is, the This is a DC motor having nine slots. In addition, 1 described below
One armature coil means a structure formed by winding one coil wire, and one armature coil obtained by winding one coil wire in three slots is also one armature coil.

The DC motor 1 comprises an armature 4 in which three armature coils 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 ₃ are wound around an armature core 2, and the above-mentioned armature coils 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 ₃ The same number of commutator pieces 5,
5 and 5, brushes 6 and 6 for supplying power to the armature coils 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ and 3 ₃ , and field magnets 7 and 7 arranged around the armature 4.

The armature core 2 is formed with _nine slots 8 ₁ , 8 ₂ ,..., 89 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. Teeth 9 ₁ , 9 ₂ , ...
, 9 ₉ are formed, and the slots 8 ₁ , 8 ₂ ,.
.. three slots 8, 8, 8 appropriately selected among
As described later, one armature coil 3 is formed by winding a coil wire.

The armature coil 3 is wound symmetrically with respect to three imaginary planes p, q, and r located at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, passing through the center of rotation and viewed from the rotation axis direction. I have.

[0032] That is, in FIG. 1, as start winding from the slot _81, the slot 8 ₁ - paper back - Slot 8 ₅
FIG. 1 showing the symmetry plane p of the front side of the paper surface and the slots 8 ₁ .
One side coil formed by winding a coil wire on the right side in, followed by this winding end of該片coil as a slot 8 _5, slot 8 ₉ the end through the paper front
, And from here, the symmetry plane p of slot 8 ₉ -the back side of the paper-slot 8 ₅ -the front side of the paper-slot 8 ₉ ...
In FIG. 1, a coil wire is wound on the left side to form another one-sided coil, and the number of turns of these two one-sided coils is the same. Thus, slots _81, 82 _5, 8 ₉ wound coil pieces 10 ₁ coil wire wound, 10 _5, 10 ₉ and the first armature coil 3 ₁ is formed.

Here, one armature coil means a coil formed by winding one coil wire in the same manner as that described in the conventional example, and is a coil of the first embodiment. which turned three slots _82, 8 _5, 8 ₈ wound as to constitute a single armature coil. In addition, one coil piece means a portion of each of the wound coil wires positioned in each slot in one armature coil, as described in the conventional example. And

Similarly, a virtual plane q is defined as a symmetry plane, and
Slot 8 _3, 8 _4, 8 ₈ wound by turning the coil pieces 10 a coil wire respectively _3, 10 _4, 10 ₈ and the second armature coil 3 to ₂ is wound, further symmetry plane virtual plane r as a slot 8 _6, 8 _7, 8 ₂ wound coil pieces 10 ₆ coil wire wound, 10 _7, 10 ₂ to the third armature coil 3 ₃ is wound.

At this time, the number of coil wires located in each slot 8 for one armature coil 3 is 2
One of the slots _81, 82 ₉ 1/2 respective number of coil wire is the number of coil wire in the slot 8 ₅ in
And the three armature coils 3 ₁ , 3 ₂ , 3 ₃ are similarly wound with a center angle shifted by 120 ° in the circumferential direction, so that these armature coils are not wound. coil 3 _1, 3 _2, 3 ₃ will not be caused variations in the rotation of the armature 4 wound. Rather, it is generally considered that an odd number of slots (number of teeth) is better in order to reduce the unevenness (vibration) of the rotational force, and in this sense, the unevenness of the rotational force of the armature according to this embodiment is generated. Hateful.

In this embodiment, the armature coil 3 has a symmetrical surface in order to facilitate winding of the armature coil 3 and to enable winding by an automatic winding machine and to improve the assembling workability. sandwich was to form one side coil turn one by one winding is, the present invention is not limited to this, at one coil wire, and one side of the slot ₈₁ and the slot 8 ₅ across the plane of symmetry p,
In the same direction alternately with the slots 8 ₅ and slot 8 ₉ be wound one by one the same effect.

The commutator pieces 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , 5 ₃ are fixed on the rotating shaft of an armature (not shown) at a center angle of 120 ° (in FIG. 1, for simplification of the drawing, Commutator pieces 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , 5 ₃ are shown on the outer peripheral side of the armature 4.), And one lead wire 11 of each armature coil 3 is connected to one commutator piece 5.
The other lead wire 11 is connected to the commutator piece 5 adjacent to the one commutator piece 5 as described above.
Is formed between adjacent commutator pieces 5. The adjacent armature coils 3 are connected to one commutator piece 5 to which the other armature coil 11 of one armature coil 3 is connected to one armature coil 11 of another armature coil 3. as one of the commutator segments of the 5 two armature each separate lead wire 11, 11 of the coils 3, ... it is connected, in particular, to the commutator segment 5 ₁ coil piece 10 of the armature coil 3 _{1 1}
Side of lead wires 11 ₁ and to connect the lead wire 11 ₃ coil pieces 10 ₃ side of the armature coil 3 _2, the mouth of the armature coil 3 _{and second} coil pieces 10 ₄ side to the commutator segments 5 ₂ outgoing 11 ₄ and the armature coil 3 ₃ of connecting the lead wires 11 ₆ of the coil pieces 10 ₆ side, the commutator segment 5 ₃ armature coil 3 ₃ of the coil piece 10 ₇ side of the lead wire 11 ₇ and connecting the armature coil 3 ₁ coil pieces 10 ₉ side of the lead wires 11 _9.

The brush 6 _+, 6 _- is located in a position shifted 180 degrees center angle in the circumferential direction and intended to contact one commutator segment 5 or 5 elastically to each other, these brushes 6 ₊ 6 _- a negative electrode and the positive electrode of the electrodes (not shown) is connected to each other, when the armature 4 is in the state shown in FIG. 1, the brush 6 ₊ is the commutator segment 5 _1, brush 6 _- is the commutator segments 5 and ₂ respectively.

The field magnets 7, 7 are positioned 180 degrees center angle in the circumferential direction such that different poles are opposed, also, the brush 6 _+, 6 _- positional relationship between the field magnet 7 ₁ and 7 the brush 6 ₊ the boundary between the _2, 6 _- is controlled so as to position each, when the armature 4 is in the state shown in FIG. 1, the field magnet ₇₁ of the S pole coil pieces 10 _1, 10 ₉ , 10 ₈ , 10
_7, the field magnet 7 ₂ N pole coil piece 10 _2, 10 _3, 1
0 ₄ and 10 ₅ .

[0040] Thus, when the armature 4 is in the state shown in FIG. 1, the brush 6 _+, 6 _- when power is supplied to, brush 6 ₊ - commutator segment 5 ₁ - armature coil 3 ₁ - commutator segment 5 ₃ - armature coil 3 ₃ - commutator segment 5 ₂ - brush 6 _- a circuit that, the brush 6 ₊ -
Commutator segment 5 ₁ - armature coil 3 ₂ - commutator segment 5 ₂ - brush 6 _-
Are formed.

1 flows through the coil pieces 10, 10,... Arranged in the slots 8, 8,.

Then, the coil pieces 10 ₁ , 10 ₉ , 10 ₈ ,
In 10 ₇ and 10 ₆ , current flows from the front side of the paper to the back side of the paper,
The coil piece 10 _2, 10 _3, 10 _4, 10 ₅ current flows from the paper back to the paper front, therefore, in each coil piece 10, the direction of the current as in the conventional invalid magnetization region is generated coexist Never.

FIG. 2 shows the state of the armature 4 shown in FIG. 1 in which each of the slots 8, 8,.
, The commutator pieces 5, 5,..., The field magnets 7, 7, the brushes 6, 6, etc. are developed in the circumferential direction, and are shown in the respective coil pieces 10, 10,. The arrow indicates the coil piece 10
Shows the direction of the current flowing through. As can be seen from FIG.
The coil pieces 10, 10,... Located in the slots 8, 8,.
There is no portion in which the directions of the currents flowing through are mixed, and a so-called ineffective magnetic field region is not generated.

[0044] By a current flows in the direction as described above to each coil piece 10, coil piece 1 except coil pieces 10 ₆
At 0 _{1 to} 10 ₉ , a clockwise torque is generated in FIG. The rotational force generated in each coil piece 10 is
Since it acts in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic flux, the rotational force generated in the coil piece (coil piece 10 ₄ in the state of FIG. 1) facing the center of the field magnets 7 is the largest, and It becomes smaller as it approaches the boundary with the magnet 7. Accordingly, a coil piece facing the boundary between the field magnets 7 (coil piece 10 ₆ in the state of FIG. 1) or a coil piece located near the coil piece (coil piece 10 ₁ in the state of FIG. ₁₎ The torque generated in (10 ₂ ) does not contribute much to the rotation of the armature, and even if a torque in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the armature 4 is generated, the rotation of the armature 4 is hardly affected.

[0045] Then, the coil pieces 10 _6, FIG. 1
In the state shown in (1), most of the moving force generated in the state is generated only in the direction toward the center of rotation, there is almost no force contributing to the rotation of the armature 4, and if the armature 4 rotates clockwise at least slightly from the applied state. , moving force generated in the coil piece 10 ₆ slightly deviated to the left from the rotation axis direction, the armature 4 and the force component for rotating generated in the clockwise direction, contributing to the rotation of the slight even clockwise armature 4 Will do. When the rotation angle of the armature 4 increases,
So that the rotary force in the clockwise direction generated in the armature 4 of the coil piece 10 ₆ increases.

The state shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a state in which the armature 4 is rotated 40 degrees clockwise by a central angle from the state shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, Kakusuriko 6 _+, 6 _- a rectifier Although the contact relationship with the child pieces 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , 5 ₃ is not different from the contact relation shown in FIG. 1, the direction of the moving force generated in the coil piece 10 ₆ deviates from the rotation axis direction, and It can be seen that the rotation force for rotating in the circumferential direction is slightly generated. Note that in this state, the coil pieces 10 ₁ becomes in the rotary force in the counterclockwise direction is generated, on the rotation of the originally armature 4 is torque generated at the portion where the coil piece 10 ₁ is positioned effect not inhibit the rotation of the armature 4 for small and further the armature 4 from this state is rotated in the clockwise direction, Seikyokugawasuriko 6 ₊ contact from contact with the commutator segment 5 ₁ It switches to contact with commutator segments _3, so that the rotational force for rotating the armature 4 in the clockwise direction is generated thereby to the coil pieces 10 _1.

Next, when the armature 4 is rotated 60 degrees clockwise from the state shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 (the state shown in FIGS. 5 and 6), the brush 6 ₊ commutator pieces 5 _3, Further, the brush 6 _- will be respectively contacting commutator segments 5 _2, brush 6 ₊ - commutator segment 5 ₃ - armature coil 3 ₁ - commutator segment 5 ₁ - armature coil 3 ₂ - commutator segment 5 ₂ - a circuit that, _- the brush 6
Brush 6 ₊ -Commutator piece 5 ₃ -Armature coil 3 ₃ -Commutator piece 5 ₂
- brush 6 _- two circuits is formed of, thereby,
The coil pieces 10, arranged in each of the slots 8, 8,.
In 10,..., Current flows in the directions shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.

Then, the coil pieces 10 ₈ , 10 ₇ , 10 ₆ ,
In 10 ₅ , the current flows from the front side to the back side of the paper, and in the coil pieces 10 ₉ , 10 ₁ , 10 ₂ , 10 ₃ , 10 ₄ , the current flows from the back side to the front side of the paper. In addition, unlike the related art, an ineffective magnetization region in which coil pieces having different current directions coexist does not occur.

[0049] By a current flows in the direction as described above to each coil piece 10, coil piece 1 except coil pieces 10 ₉
At 0 _{1 to} 10 ₈ , a rotational force in the clockwise direction in FIG. 5 is generated. Note that the coil pieces 10 _9, in the state shown in FIG. 5, but the moving force generated in it does not contribute to the rotation of the armature 4 not only occur direction toward the rotation center, even slightly from a state in which the armature 4 is applied When rotated in the clockwise direction, the direction of the moving force generated in the coil pieces 10 ₉ slightly shifted to the right from the rotational axis direction, the armature 4 component force to rotate in the clockwise direction is generated, the armature 4 even a slight This will contribute to clockwise rotation. And
When the rotation angle of the armature 4 increases, the coil pieces 10
The rotational force in the clockwise direction of the armature 4 generated at ₉ increases. Further, when the armature 4 rotates 120 degrees clockwise from the state shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 (FIG. 7).
And in the state) shown in FIG. 8, the brush 6 ₊ commutator pieces 5 ₃
To also brush 6 _- will be in contact with the commutator segment 5 _1, the brush 6 ₊ - commutator segment 5 ₃ - armature coil 3 ₁ - commutator segment 5 ₁ - brush 6 _- a circuit that, brush 6 ₊ -Commutator piece 5 _3-
Armature coil 3 ₃ - commutator segment 5 ₂ - armature coil 3 ₂ - commutator segment 5 ₁ - brush 6 _- two circuits that are formed by this, each slot 8, 8, disposed ... The currents in the directions shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 flow through the coil pieces 10, 10,.

Then, the coil pieces 10 ₇ , 10 ₆ , 10 ₅ ,
In 10 ₄ and 10 ₃ , current flows from the front side of the page to the back side of the page,
Flows from the current paper back to the coil pieces 10 _8, 10 _9, 10 _1, 10 ₂ to the paper front, therefore, within one slot 8, invalid magnetization direction of the current as in the prior art different coil pieces are mixed No territory occurs.

[0051] By a current flows in the direction as described above to each coil piece 10, coil piece 1 except coil pieces 10 ₃
At 0 _{1 to} 10 ₉ , a rotational force in the clockwise direction in FIG. 7 is generated. Incidentally, the coil pieces 10 _3, in the state shown in FIG. 4, the rotational force of the armature 4 do not contribute, the clockwise direction of the armature 4 As the rotation from this state in a clockwise direction advances Has a large contribution to rotation.

According to the DC motor 1, there is no occurrence of an ineffective magnetization region in which the directions of currents are mixed in each of the coil pieces 10, 10,..., And most of the coil pieces 10, 10,. Contributes to the rotation of the armature 4.

In the first embodiment, the slots 8, 8,... Are formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. However, as in the first embodiment, the slots 8 ₂ , 8 ₅ ,. other slots 8 ₁ to 8 _8, 8 _3, in the case of winding the number of coil wire than ..., the slot _82, 8 _5, 8 ₈ other slots 8,8, & .. The opening may be formed to be larger than that, and in this case, the slot 8 ₂ in which a large number of coil wires must be wound,
8 _5, 8 ₈ turns of can be facilitated.

FIGS. 9 to 16 show a second embodiment of the DC machine according to the present invention, wherein the number of slots of the armature is 3n, that is, n = 4, that is, the DC of the armature has 12 slots. It is an electric motor.

The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the number of slots and the number of teeth are increased.
Accordingly, the number of coil pieces has been increased, so that the description will be made only for the above-described differences, and other parts will be described in each part of the drawing with the same parts in the DC motor 1 according to the first embodiment. The description thereof will be omitted by giving the same reference numerals to the reference numerals attached to the.

The DC motor 1A includes an armature 4 in which three armature coils 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ , 12 ₃ are wound around an armature core 2, and the above-described armature coils 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ , 12 ₃ . The same number of commutator pieces 5, 5, 5 and the armature coils 12 ₁ , 12 ₂ ,
It has brushes 6, 6 for supplying power to 12 ₃ , and field magnets 7, 7 arranged around the armature 4.

The armature iron core 2 has twelve slots 13 ₁ , 13 ₂ ,..., 13 ₁₂ formed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. Tooth 14
_1, 14 _2, ..., 14 ₁₂ are formed, the slots 13 _1, 13 _2, of ..., as will be described later in four slots 13,13,13,13 which are appropriately selected One armature coil 12 is formed by winding a coil wire.

The armature coil 12 is viewed from the rotation axis direction.
The three virtual planes p, q, and r passing through the center of rotation and located at equal intervals in the circumferential direction are respectively symmetrically wound and are respectively symmetrically wound.

[0059] For example, the first armature coil 12 ₁ wound around the symmetry plane p that connects the center of the central and teeth 14 ₇ of the tooth portion 14 ₁ as a symmetric plane, a slot 13 ₁ and slot 13 ₆ and one coil formed by turning wound, is wound and another side coil in one coil wire formed by turning slots 13 ₁₂ and the slot 13 ₇ and the second turn. That is, in FIG. 9, it starts winding from the slot 13 _1, slot 1
3 ₁ - paper back - Slot 13 ₆ - paper front - Slot 1
3 ₁ ... one side coil formed by winding a coil wire on the right side in FIG. 9 of the symmetry plane p that, following to the winding end of該片coil as a slot 13 _6, the paper front the end via go with the slots 13 _12, wherein the slot 13 ₁₂ - another by winding a coil wire on the left side of the slot 13 _{1 2} ... symmetry plane p that 9 - paper back - slot 13 ₇ - paper front And the number of turns of these two one-sided coil pieces is the same. Thereby, the slots 13 ₁ , 13 ₆ , 13 ₁₂ ,
The coil wire wound around 13 ₇ is wound into coil pieces 15 ₁ , 1
5 _6, 15 _12, 15 ₇ the first armature coil 12 _1, is formed. Similarly, with the virtual plane q as the symmetry plane,
The coil wires wound around the slots 13 ₅ , 13 ₁₀ , 13 ₁₁ , and 13 ₄ are coil pieces 15 ₅ , 15 ₁₀ , 15 ₁₁ , respectively.
Turn second armature coil 12 ₂ winding to 15 _4, further
With the virtual plane r as the plane of symmetry, the slots 13 ₉ , 13 ₂ , 1
3 _3, 13 ₈ wound on the coil wire coil pieces 15 _9,
A third armature coil 12 ₃ , 15 ₂ , 15 ₃ , 15 ₈ is wound.

In this embodiment, the winding of the armature coil 3 is facilitated, the winding can be performed by an automatic winding machine, and the winding of the armature coil 3 can be performed one by one with respect to the symmetry plane. was to form a one-sided coil turn, the present invention is not limited to this, at one coil wire, and one side of the slot 13 ₁ and slot 13 ₆ sandwiching the plane of symmetry p, slots 13 ₁₂ and slot in the same direction alternately with 13 ₇ be wound one by one the same effect.

The commutator pieces 5 ₁ , 5 ₂ , 5 ₃ are fixed on the rotation axis of the armature at a center angle of 120 °, similarly to the first embodiment. Lead wire 11,
11 are connected. Specifically, connecting a lead wire 11 ₄ of the armature coils 12 ₁ coil pieces 15 ₁ side of the lead wires 11 ₁ and the armature coil 12 ₂ of the coil pieces 15 ₄ side to the commutator segment 5 ₁ and, the commutator segment 5 ₂ connects the lead wire 11 ₈ of the lead wire 11 ₅ and the coil pieces 15 ₈ side of the armature coil 12 ₃ of the coil pieces 15 ₅ side of the armature coils 12 _2, rectifier child piece 5 ₃ armature coils 12 ₃ of the coil pieces 15 ₉ side of the lead wire 11 to ₉ and the armature coil 12 ₁ of the coil pieces 15 ₁₂ side of the lead wire 11 ₁₂
And connect.

[0062] Brush 6 _+, 6 _- is located at a position shifted 180 degrees in the circumferential direction, each different in being adapted to contact one commutator segment 5 or 5 elastically, these brushes 6 _+, 6 _- the drawing not the anode and cathode electrodes are connected to each other, when the armature 4 is in the state shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, brush 6 ₊ is the commutator segment 5 _1, brush 6 _- is the commutator segments 5 and ₂ respectively.

The field magnets 7, 7 are positioned 180 degrees apart in the circumferential direction so that different magnetic poles face each other.
_+, 6 _- The positional relationship, the brush 6 ₊ at the boundary between the field magnet 7 ₁ and 7 _2, 6 _- is controlled so as to position each
When the armature 4 is in the state shown in FIG. 9, the field magnet ₇₁ of the S pole coil pieces 15 _1, 15 _12, 15 _11, 15 _10, 1
5 _9, 15 _8, the field magnet 7 ₂ N pole coil pieces 15 _2, 15
₃ , 15 ₄ , 15 ₅ , 15 ₆ , and 15 ₇ .

[0064] Thus, when the armature 4 is in the state shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, brush 6 _+, 6 _- when power is supplied to, brush 6 ₊ - commutator segment 5 ₁ - armature coils 12 ₁ - rectifier Child piece 5 ₃ −
Armature coils 12 ₃ - commutator segment 5 ₂ - brush 6 _- a circuit that, the brush 6 ₊ - commutator segment 5 ₁ - armature coil 12 ₂ - commutator segment 5 ₂ - brush 6 _- that the two circuits are formed Is done.

As a result, each slot 13, 13,...
Are arranged in the coil pieces 15, 15,...
10 flows in the direction shown in FIG. That is, the coil pieces 15 _1, 15 _12, 15 _11, 15 _10, 15 _9, 15 flows from the paper front current to ₈ to the paper rear side, the coil pieces 15 _2, 1
5 _3, 15 _4, 15 _5, 15 _6, 15 to flow current from the paper back to ₇ to the paper front, therefore, in one slot 13, disabling the coil pieces orientations different current as in the prior art are mixed No magnetized area is generated. Then, when a current flows through each coil piece 15 in the above-described direction, a rotational force in the clockwise direction in FIG. 9 is generated in each coil piece 15.

The state shown in FIG. 11 and FIG.
There is a state of being rotated 30 degrees clockwise by a central angle from the state shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, Kakusuriko 6 _+, 6 _- contact relationship diagram between the commutator segments 5 _1, 5 _2, 5 ₃ There is no difference from the contact relationship shown in FIGS.

[0067] Then, the coil pieces 15 ₁ and the coil piece 15 ₇
Is rotated in the opposite direction to the rotation direction of the armature 4. However, as described above, such a portion is a portion opposed to the boundary between the field magnets 7 and the armature 4 originally. Since the degree of contribution of 4 to the rotation is small, the rotation is slightly inhibited. When the addition armature 4 from this state is rotated in the clockwise direction, Seikyokugawasuriko 6 ₊ contact is switched to contact with the commutator segments ₃ from contact with the commutator segment 5 _1, thereby coil pieces 15 so that the rotational force for rotating the armature 4 in the clockwise direction is generated in the _first and the coil pieces 15 _7.

Next, when the armature 4 is rotated 60 degrees clockwise from the state shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 (the state shown in FIGS. 13 and 14), the brush 6 ₊ commutator pieces 5 _3, Further, the brush 6 _- will be respectively contacting commutator segments 5 _2, brush 6 ₊ - commutator segment 5 ₃ - armature coils 12 ₁ - commutator segment 5 ₁ - armature coil 12 ₂ - commutator segment 5 ₂ - brush 6 _- a circuit that, the brush 6 ₊ - commutator segment 5 ₃ - armature coils 12
₃ - commutator segment 5 ₂ - brush 6 _- two circuits that are formed, whereby each slot 13, 13, the coil pieces 15 and 15 are arranged in ..., the ..., 13 and A current flows in the direction shown in FIG.

The coil pieces 15 ₁₁ , 15 ₁₀ , 1
Current flows from the front side to the back side of the drawing, and the coil pieces 15 ₁₂ , 15 ₁ , 15 ₂ , 15 ₃ , 15 ₉ , 15 ₈ , 15 ₇ , 15 ₆
In 15 ₄ and 15 ₅ , current flows from the back side of the paper to the front side of the paper,
Therefore, in one slot 13, there is no occurrence of an ineffective magnetization region in which coil pieces having different current directions coexist as in the related art. Then, when a current flows through each coil piece 15 in the above-described direction, a rotational force is generated in each coil piece 15 in the clockwise direction in FIG.

Further, when the armature 4 rotates 120 degrees clockwise from the state shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 (FIG. 15).
And the state shown in FIG. 16), the brush 6 ₊ commutator pieces 5 _3, also the brush 6 _- will be respectively contacting the commutator segment 5 _1, the brush 6 ₊ - commutator segment 5 ₃ - armature coil 12 ₁ - commutator segment 5 ₁ - a circuit that, the brush 6 ₊ - _- brush 6 commutator segments 5 ₃
- armature coils 12 ₃ - commutator segment 5 ₂ - armature coils 12
₂ - commutator segment 5 ₁ - brush 6 _- that the two circuits are formed, whereby each slot 13, 13, the coil pieces 15 and 15 are arranged in ..., the ..., 15, and A current flows in a direction as shown in FIG.

The coil pieces 15 ₉ , 15 ₈ , 15 ₇ ,
15 _6, 15 _5, 15 current flows from the paper front side ₄ to the paper rear side, the coil pieces 15 _10, 15 _11, 15 _12, 15 _1, 1
5 _2, 15 current flows from the paper back to ₃ to the paper surface side, therefore, in the one slot 13, the coil pieces orientations different currents as in the conventional invalid magnetization region does not occur to mix. Then, when a current flows in each coil piece 15 in the above-described direction, a rotational force in the clockwise direction in FIG. 15 is generated in each coil piece 15.

However, in the DC motor 1A according to the second embodiment, similarly to the DC motor 1 according to the first embodiment, coil pieces having different current directions in one slot 13 are mixed. No ineffective magnetization region occurs, and most of the coil pieces 15, 15,...
Contribute to the rotation of the armature 4.

[0073]

As is apparent from the above description, the invention according to claim 1 has the number of slots of 3n (n is a natural number of 2 or more) while the number of commutator pieces is three.
Since it has the same number of coil pieces as the number, compared to a conventional DC machine having the same number of slots, the number of commutator pieces is smaller, so that the structure can be simplified,
The number of times of switching of the contact between the brush and the commutator piece during the rotation of the armature is small, the generation of sparks at the time of the switching can be reduced, and the generation of heat and brake torque can be suppressed. An efficient DC machine can be realized. In the case of a DC machine that needs to suppress the generation of sparks, the number of required spark prevention means (devices) can be reduced by the same number as the number of commutator pieces, and in that sense, cost reduction is realized. be able to.

Further, as compared with the conventional DC machine having three slots, the number of slots is increased, and the winding itself of the coil wire may be slightly complicated. Can be expected due to the reduction of ineffectiveness and the reduction of the ineffective magnetization region.
Means such as covering the whole of the DC machine with an elastic body such as rubber was necessary for suppressing vibration. However, the present invention does not require such vibration suppressing means, and therefore, cost reduction and miniaturization are possible. Can be realized.

In each of the embodiments described above, the DC motor of the present invention is applied to a DC motor. However, it is needless to say that the present invention can also be applied to a DC generator. Further, in each of the above embodiments, the embodiment in which the number of slots (3n) is n = 3 and n = 4 has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this.
That is, the number of slots may be six or n = 5 (the number of slots may be fifteen).

The specific shape and structure of each part shown in each of the above embodiments are merely examples of the embodiment of the DC machine of the present invention, and the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. The scope should not be construed as limiting.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a DC motor according to the present invention together with FIGS. 2 to 8, which is applied to a DC motor having nine slots. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view schematically showing a cross-section. FIG.

FIG. 2 is a development view schematically showing a state in which the DC motor in which the armature is in the state shown in FIG. 1 is developed.

FIG. 3 shows a state in which the armature is rotated clockwise by 40 from the state shown in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state rotated by degrees.

FIG. 4 shows a state in which the armature is moved from the state of FIG.
It is a development view of the state where it rotated by degrees.

FIG. 5 shows a state in which the armature is rotated clockwise by 60 from the state shown in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state rotated by degrees.

FIG. 6 shows a state in which the armature is moved clockwise by 60 from the state shown in FIG.
It is a development view of the state where it rotated by degrees.

FIG. 7 shows a state in which the armature is moved 12 clockwise from the state of FIG.
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state where the camera is rotated by 0 degrees.

FIG. 8 shows a state in which the armature is moved 12 clockwise from the state of FIG.
It is a development view of the state where it rotated 0 degrees.

FIG. 9 shows a second embodiment of the DC motor of the present invention together with FIGS. 10 to 16, which is applied to a DC motor having twelve slots. FIG. 9 is a schematic cross section schematically showing the cross section. FIG.

FIG. 10 is a developed view schematically showing a state in which the DC motor in which the armature is in the state shown in FIG. 9 is developed.

FIG. 11 shows a state in which the armature is moved clockwise from the state of FIG.
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state where the camera is rotated by 0 degrees.

FIG. 12 shows a state in which the armature is moved clockwise 3 times from the state shown in FIG. 9;
It is a development view of the state where it rotated 0 degrees.

FIG. 13 shows a state in which the armature is rotated clockwise by 6 from the state shown in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state where the camera is rotated by 0 degrees.

FIG. 14 shows a state in which the armature is moved clockwise by 6 from the state shown in FIG. 9;
It is a development view of the state where it rotated 0 degrees.

FIG. 15 shows a state in which the armature is moved 1 clockwise from the state shown in FIG. 9;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state rotated by 20 degrees.

FIG. 16 shows a state in which the armature is rotated clockwise by 1 from the state shown in FIG. 9;
It is a development view of the state rotated by 20 degrees.

FIG. 17 shows an example of a conventional DC machine together with FIG. 18,
This drawing is a schematic cross-sectional view schematically showing a cross section of a DC motor having twelve slots.

18 is a developed view schematically showing a state in which the DC motor in which the armature is in the state shown in FIG. 17 is developed.

[Explanation of symbols]

1: DC motor, 3: armature coil, 4: armature, 5:
Commutator piece, 6 brush, 7 field magnet, 8 slot, p,
r, q: symmetry plane, 1A: DC motor, 12: armature coil, 13: slot

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] September 10, 1997

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0008

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

The commutator pieces f _{1 to} f ₁₂ are fixed on the rotation axis of an armature (not shown) at a central angle of 30 degrees (in FIG. 17, for simplification of the drawing, the armature e Are shown on the outer peripheral side of.), And one lead wire k of each armature coil d is connected to one commutator piece f.
The other lead wire k is connected to the commutator segment f adjacent to the one commutator segment f, and the armature coil d is thus configured between the adjacent commutator segments f and f. . Also armature
Lines between the iron core b and the commutator pieces f, f,.
Armature coils d, d, ... and commutator pieces f, f, ...
And lead lines k, k,...

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Drawing

[Correction target item name] FIG.

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

FIG.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. An armature having 3n slots (n is a natural number of 2 or more), three commutator pieces, two brushes separately contacting the commutator pieces, and arranged around the armature. Three field magnets, and three armature coils wound between a predetermined number of slots, and virtually exist at positions deviated from each other by a central angle of 120 degrees through a rotation axis of the armature. The two virtual planes are respectively symmetrical planes, and each armature coil selects n (one-third of the number of slots) slots, winds a coil wire between the selected plurality of slots, and A DC machine wherein each coil piece of a child coil is plane-symmetric with respect to one symmetry plane. 2. The DC machine according to claim 1, wherein the number of slots is nine. 3. The DC machine according to claim 1, wherein the number of slots is twelve.