JPH10227426A - Method and apparatus for processing waste material containing combustible component - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for processing waste material containing combustible component

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Publication number
JPH10227426A
JPH10227426A JP3004497A JP3004497A JPH10227426A JP H10227426 A JPH10227426 A JP H10227426A JP 3004497 A JP3004497 A JP 3004497A JP 3004497 A JP3004497 A JP 3004497A JP H10227426 A JPH10227426 A JP H10227426A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
pyrolysis
furnace
solid
combustion
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP3004497A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Masayuki Taniguchi
正行 谷口
Yoshinobu Kobayashi
啓信 小林
Yoshitomo Aoki
好友 青木
Ryuichi Kaji
隆一 梶
Satoru Ohashi
悟 大橋
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Ltd
Priority to JP3004497A priority Critical patent/JPH10227426A/en
Publication of JPH10227426A publication Critical patent/JPH10227426A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a technology for performing a stable melting of ash without being influenced by variation in composition of waste material. SOLUTION: A combustible waste material 5 is fed into a pyrolysis furnace 1 and separated into solid fuel and gas 7. The solid fuel 6 is fed to a fractional machine 15 and then classified into fuel having a high degree of carbonization and another fuel having a low degree of carbonization. Hard fine particles 16 with a high degree of carbonization are fed to a solid combustion burner 4 and ignited at an incinerator 2. Ash in the solid fuel is melted by combustion heat and taken out as molten slag. With such an arrangement as above, it is possible to attain a solid fuel having a high calorific value and less variation in composition. Since the ash can be melted with combustion heat of the solid fuel, it may not be influenced by a variation in composition of the waste material and the ash can be melted in a stable manner.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、可燃性成分を含む
廃棄物の処理方法と処理装置に係り、特に各種の工場や
家庭から出る廃棄物のうち、生ごみ,廃プラスチック,
木,紙などの可燃性廃棄物を熱分解し、熱分解生成物を
燃焼して廃熱を回収する方法と装置に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for treating refuse containing flammable components, and more particularly, to garbage, waste plastic, and waste from various factories and households.
The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for thermally decomposing combustible wastes such as wood and paper and recovering waste heat by burning pyrolysis products.

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】工場や家庭から出る廃棄物には、生ご
み,廃プラスチック,木,紙などの可燃物が含まれてい
る。可燃性廃棄物は燃料として利用できるし、燃やせば
廃棄物の減容化にもなる。
2. Description of the Related Art Waste generated from factories and households includes combustible materials such as garbage, waste plastic, wood, and paper. Combustible waste can be used as fuel, and burning it will also reduce the volume of waste.

【0003】このようなことから、可燃性廃棄物を加熱
して熱分解し、これにより生成される熱分解生成物すな
わち乾留ガスと固体を燃焼し、燃焼排ガスを廃熱ボイラ
に導いて蒸気を発生させ、その蒸気により発電して熱エ
ネルギーを回収する技術が提案され、特開平8−49828号
公報及び特開昭64−49816 号公報等に開示されている。
[0003] In view of the above, combustible waste is heated and thermally decomposed, and the resulting pyrolysis products, ie, carbonized gas and solids, are burned, and the combustion exhaust gas is led to a waste heat boiler to generate steam. A technique for generating heat and recovering thermal energy by generating power using the steam has been proposed and disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 8-49828 and 64-49816.

【0004】[0004]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】この技術では、高温燃
焼させることで廃棄物中の灰分を溶融し減容できるこ
と、燃焼時に生じる重金属酸化物を灰溶融固化物中に封
入できること等の利点がある。ただし、この技術で、灰
を安定に溶融,固化するためには、熱分解生成物を燃焼
させる燃焼炉内の温度を一定に、かつ高温に保つ必要が
ある。
This technique has the advantages that the ash in the waste can be melted and reduced in volume by burning at a high temperature, and the heavy metal oxide generated during the combustion can be enclosed in the solidified ash. . However, in order to stably melt and solidify the ash with this technique, it is necessary to keep the temperature inside the combustion furnace for burning the pyrolysis products constant and high.

【0005】しかし、廃棄物は、石炭や石油等の化石燃
料に比べて発熱量が小さく、高温燃焼するのが難しい。
また廃棄物は、組成や発熱量の変動が大きいので、燃焼
温度が変化しやすい。
However, waste has a smaller calorific value than fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum, and is difficult to burn at high temperatures.
In addition, the combustion temperature of waste is liable to change because the composition and the calorific value fluctuate greatly.

【0006】本発明の目的は、燃焼炉内の温度の変動を
少なくできるようにした可燃性成分含有廃棄物の処理方
法及び処理装置を提供することにある。
An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for treating combustible component-containing waste, which can reduce fluctuations in the temperature inside the combustion furnace.

【0007】本発明の他の目的は、前記目的に加えて、
燃焼温度を高くできるようにした可燃性成分含有廃棄物
の処理方法及び処理装置を提供することにある。
Another object of the present invention is to provide, in addition to the above objects,
An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for treating combustible component-containing waste, which can increase the combustion temperature.

【0008】[0008]

【課題を解決するための手段】本発明は、可燃性成分含
有廃棄物を熱分解炉で熱分解し、熱分解生成物のうち固
体成分を燃焼炉で燃焼し、燃焼排ガスの熱を回収するよ
うにした可燃性成分含有廃棄物処理方法にある。
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, waste containing combustible components is pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis furnace, solid components of the pyrolysis products are burned in a combustion furnace, and the heat of the combustion exhaust gas is recovered. Thus, there is provided a method for treating waste containing combustible components.

【0009】可燃性廃棄物の発熱量が変化した場合に
は、液体燃料及び気体燃料の発熱量が大きく変化する。
熱分解生成物のなかの固体燃料のみを燃焼炉で燃焼する
ことにより、燃焼温度の変動を抑制できる。
When the calorific value of the combustible waste changes, the calorific values of the liquid fuel and the gaseous fuel greatly change.
By burning only the solid fuel among the pyrolysis products in the combustion furnace, fluctuations in the combustion temperature can be suppressed.

【0010】本発明はまた、廃棄物を熱分解することに
よって生成された固体成分を炭化が進んでいるものとい
ないものとに分別して、炭化が進んでいるもののみを燃
焼炉で燃焼するようにした処理方法にある。
The present invention is also directed to a method of separating solid components produced by pyrolyzing waste into those having advanced carbonization and those having no carbonization, and burning only those having advanced carbonization in a combustion furnace. Processing method.

【0011】このようにすることにより、発熱量を高め
ることができ、燃焼温度を高めることができる。
By doing so, the calorific value can be increased, and the combustion temperature can be increased.

【0012】本発明は、可燃性成分含有廃棄物を熱分解
する熱分解炉と、熱分解生成物のうち固体成分のみを燃
焼炉に送る固体成分搬送手段と、該固体成分を燃焼する
燃焼炉と、燃焼排ガスの熱を回収するボイラとを備えた
ことを特徴とする可燃性成分含有廃棄物の処理装置にあ
る。ここで固体成分搬送手段は、たとえば熱分解炉と燃
焼炉とを結ぶ固体成分搬送管である。
The present invention provides a pyrolysis furnace for pyrolyzing waste containing combustible components, a solid component conveying means for sending only solid components of the pyrolysis products to a combustion furnace, and a combustion furnace for burning the solid components. And a boiler for recovering the heat of the combustion exhaust gas. Here, the solid component conveying means is, for example, a solid component conveying pipe connecting the pyrolysis furnace and the combustion furnace.

【0013】また、可燃性成分含有廃棄物を熱分解する
熱分解炉と、熱分解生成物のうち固体成分を炭化が進ん
でいるものと炭化が進んでいないものとに分別する分別
機と、炭化が進んでいる固体成分を燃焼する燃焼炉と、
燃焼排ガスの熱を回収するボイラとを備えたことを特徴
とする可燃性成分含有廃棄物の処理装置にある。
A pyrolysis furnace for pyrolyzing the combustible component-containing waste; a separator for separating solid components of the pyrolysis products into those having advanced carbonization and those having not advanced carbonization; A combustion furnace for burning solid components that are undergoing carbonization;
An apparatus for treating combustible component-containing waste, comprising: a boiler for recovering heat of combustion exhaust gas.

【0014】分別機としては、硬さによって固体成分を
分別するもの、粒径によって分別するもの、比重によっ
て分別するもの、或いは色によって分別するものなどを
いずれも適用できる。炭化が進んでいる固体成分は、炭
化が進んでいない固体成分に比べて、硬い,細粒にな
る,比重が大きい,色が濃い、という特徴がある。した
がって、これらのしきい値を任意に設定して固体成分を
分別することで、炭化が進んでいる固体燃料を分別する
ことが出来る。
As the separator, any of those that separate solid components by hardness, those that separate by solid particle size, those that separate by specific gravity, those that separate by color, and the like can be applied. The solid component in which carbonization has progressed is characterized by being harder, finer, having a higher specific gravity, and darker in color than the solid component in which carbonization has not progressed. Therefore, by setting these thresholds arbitrarily and separating the solid components, it is possible to separate the solid fuel whose carbonization is progressing.

【0015】本発明の処理装置には、分別機で分別され
た炭化が進んでいない固体成分を熱分解炉に戻す手段を
付加することが出来る。
The processing apparatus of the present invention can be provided with a means for returning the solid component, which has not yet been carbonized, separated by the separator to the pyrolysis furnace.

【0016】本発明の処理装置はまた、低温分解炉と高
温熱分解炉を備え、低温分解炉で生成された固体成分を
炭化が進んでいるものといないものとに分別し、炭化が
進んでいる固体成分を燃焼炉で燃焼し、炭化が進んでい
ない固体成分を高温熱分解炉に供給し温度を高めて更に
熱分解するようにすることもできる。
The processing apparatus of the present invention also includes a low-temperature cracking furnace and a high-temperature pyrolysis furnace, and separates solid components generated in the low-temperature cracking furnace into those with advanced carbonization and those without carbonization. It is also possible to burn the solid component in a combustion furnace and supply the solid component that has not progressed to carbonization to a high-temperature pyrolysis furnace to raise the temperature and further pyrolyze the solid component.

【0017】熱分解炉で生成した気体燃料及び固体燃料
は、廃熱回収ボイラに供給して廃熱温度を高めるのに利
用したり、熱分解炉を加熱するために用いたり、或いは
燃焼炉を起動するために用いることが出来る。
The gaseous fuel and solid fuel produced in the pyrolysis furnace are supplied to a waste heat recovery boiler to be used for raising the temperature of the waste heat, used for heating the pyrolysis furnace, or used in a combustion furnace. Can be used to start.

【0018】なお、本発明において、可燃性成分含有廃
棄物の表現は、可燃物と不燃物とが混在した廃棄物、或
いは可燃物のみからなる廃棄物を含む。
In the present invention, the expression of the waste containing combustible components includes waste in which combustibles and non-combustibles are mixed, or waste consisting only of combustibles.

【0019】石炭と比べたときの可燃性廃棄物の特徴
は、可燃成分中に含まれる炭素の割合が小さく、酸素の
割合が多いことである。燃料を燃焼させたときに発生す
る熱は、ほとんどが、燃料中の炭素と水素が、空気中の
酸素と反応したときに発生する。可燃成分中に含まれる
酸素は、燃焼時の発熱にはほとんど関与していない。し
たがって、発熱量を高くするには、可燃成分から酸素を
取り除けばよい。
The characteristic of combustible waste as compared with coal is that the proportion of carbon contained in combustible components is small and the proportion of oxygen is large. Most of the heat generated when burning fuel is generated when carbon and hydrogen in the fuel react with oxygen in the air. Oxygen contained in the combustible component hardly contributes to heat generation during combustion. Therefore, in order to increase the calorific value, oxygen may be removed from the combustible component.

【0020】可燃性固体には、主に炭素,水素、および
酸素が含まれる。熱分解時には、酸素、続いて水素が固
体から、ガス中に放出されやすく、炭素は固体中に残り
やすい。このため、熱分解後の固体は炭素の割合が大き
く(炭化度が高く)、酸素の割合が小さくなり、発熱量
が高くなる。したがって、固体廃棄物から発熱量の高い
燃料を得るには、固体廃棄物を熱分解し、熱分解後の固
体を利用するのがよい。
The flammable solid mainly contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. During pyrolysis, oxygen and then hydrogen are likely to be released from the solid into the gas, and carbon is likely to remain in the solid. For this reason, the solid after pyrolysis has a large ratio of carbon (high carbonization degree), a small ratio of oxygen, and a high calorific value. Therefore, in order to obtain a fuel having a high calorific value from the solid waste, it is preferable to thermally decompose the solid waste and use the solid after the pyrolysis.

【0021】ただし、廃棄物中には、プラスチック,
紙,木,生ごミ等、さまざまな物質が含まれている。炭
化の進んだ発熱量の高い燃料を得るための最適な熱分解
条件は物質により異なるので、廃棄物を一定条件(温
度,酸素濃度,熱分解時間など)で熱分解したときに
は、得られた固体燃料中には、炭化の進んだ物質と進ま
ない物質が混ざっている。
However, the waste contains plastic,
It contains various substances such as paper, wood, and garbage. Since the optimal pyrolysis conditions for obtaining a fuel with a high calorific value with advanced carbonization differ depending on the substance, when the waste is pyrolyzed under certain conditions (temperature, oxygen concentration, pyrolysis time, etc.), the obtained solid The fuel contains a mixture of carbonized and non-carbonized substances.

【0022】このとき、炭化の進んだ物質は、硬く,色
が黒く,比重が大きい。また、炭化の進んだ物質は砕き
やすいため、微粒が多い。したがって、得られた固体燃
料を、硬さ,色,比重,粒径等で分別し、炭化の進んで
いない物質を再度熱分解炉に投入することで、炭化度が
均一で、発熱量の高い固体燃料を得ることが出来る。ま
た、固体燃料を高温燃焼するためには、固体燃料をおよ
そ500μm以下に微粒化して燃焼速度を高め、粉体燃
焼させる必要がある。これは、石炭の燃焼では、微粉炭
燃焼として広く用いられている。ただし、廃棄物には、
粉砕しにくいものが多い。
At this time, the carbonized material is hard, dark in color, and large in specific gravity. In addition, since the carbonized material is easily broken, it has many fine particles. Therefore, the obtained solid fuel is separated by hardness, color, specific gravity, particle size, etc., and the material that has not progressed in carbonization is fed into the pyrolysis furnace again, so that the degree of carbonization is uniform and the calorific value is high. Solid fuel can be obtained. Further, in order to burn the solid fuel at a high temperature, it is necessary to atomize the solid fuel to about 500 μm or less to increase the burning speed and burn the powder. It is widely used in coal combustion as pulverized coal combustion. However, waste includes:
Many are difficult to grind.

【0023】発明者らは、熱分解する前と後の廃棄物の
粉砕実験を試みた。熱分解前の廃棄物を粉砕すると、例
えば、紙の繊維等が残り数mm程度の粗い固体がかなり残
る。熱分解後の廃棄物は粉砕性が向上し、微粒が多くな
る。熱分解温度,時間を変えて粉砕性の変化を調べた。
熱分解温度を高く、熱分解時間を長くすると、固体の炭
化度は次第に高くなり、同時に粉砕性も向上した。固体
中の炭素含有率が石炭に近づくと、粉砕性も石炭に近づ
く。発明者らの実験では、無水無灰条件下で炭素含有率
が約58%以上になると、100μm以下に粉砕出来
た。
The inventors have conducted experiments on the grinding of waste before and after pyrolysis. When the waste before thermal decomposition is pulverized, for example, paper fibers and the like remain, and a coarse solid of about several mm remains. The waste after pyrolysis has improved pulverizability and more fine particles. Changes in grindability were investigated by changing the pyrolysis temperature and time.
When the pyrolysis temperature was increased and the pyrolysis time was increased, the degree of carbonization of the solid gradually increased, and at the same time, the pulverizability was improved. As the carbon content in the solid approaches that of coal, the grindability also approaches that of coal. In experiments by the inventors, when the carbon content was about 58% or more under anhydrous ashless conditions, the powder could be ground to 100 μm or less.

【0024】ただし、粉砕性のよい固体燃料を得るのに
最適な熱分解温度,熱分解時間等の条件は、廃棄物の性
質,初期粒径,化学組成,含有率等により異なる。した
がって、実際のプラントを運転する際には、廃棄物の性
質に応じて熱分解条件を変えるのがよい。本発明の方法
では、一旦熱分解した後、炭化度の進んだものと進まな
いものに分別し、炭化度の進まないものを再度、熱分解
炉に投入する。このとき、分別され、再度、熱分解炉に
投入される廃棄物は、他の廃棄物より熱分解時間が長く
なる。したがって、廃棄物の性質に応じて熱分解条件が
変えられる。
However, conditions such as the pyrolysis temperature and the pyrolysis time which are optimal for obtaining a solid fuel having good pulverizability differ depending on the nature of the waste, the initial particle size, the chemical composition, the content, and the like. Therefore, when operating an actual plant, it is preferable to change the pyrolysis conditions according to the nature of the waste. In the method of the present invention, once pyrolyzed, it is separated into those with advanced carbonization and those that do not advance, and those without advanced carbonization are again put into the pyrolysis furnace. At this time, the waste that is separated and put into the pyrolysis furnace again has a longer pyrolysis time than other wastes. Therefore, the pyrolysis conditions are changed according to the nature of the waste.

【0025】また、固体燃料の炭化度は、粉砕性により
判定可能である。具体的には、固体を一旦粉砕機で砕
き、その後微粒と粗粒に分別するとよい。炭化が進んで
いる粒子は、粗粒であっても粉砕機で微粒化されるが、
炭化が進んでいない粒子は粉砕しても微粒とならないの
で、分別可能である。
Further, the degree of carbonization of the solid fuel can be determined by the pulverizability. Specifically, the solid may be once crushed by a crusher and then separated into fine particles and coarse particles. Particles that have been carbonized are atomized by a crusher even if they are coarse,
Particles that have not been carbonized do not become fine particles even when pulverized, and can be separated.

【0026】特開昭64−49816 号に記載の廃棄物処理装
置では、熱分解後の固体を細かい粒子と粗い粒子に分
け、細かい粒子をさらに粉砕した後、燃焼させる方法が
開示されている。ただし、炭化が進んでいるが粗い粒子
と、炭化が進んでいないが粗い粒子とを分別してはいな
い。
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 64-49816 discloses a method of separating a solid after pyrolysis into fine particles and coarse particles, further pulverizing the fine particles, and burning the fine particles. However, it is not distinguished between coarse particles having advanced carbonization and coarse particles having not advanced carbonization.

【0027】[0027]

【発明の実施の形態】以下、図面に従い本発明を説明す
る。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

【0028】図1は、熱分解により一旦生成した固体燃
料を分別し、一部を同じ熱分解炉に戻す廃棄物処理装置
の一実施例である。装置は、熱分解炉1,燃焼炉2,ボ
イラ3,固体燃焼用バーナ4等から構成される。可燃廃
棄物5はまず、熱分解炉1に送られ、熱分解反応により
固体燃料6と気体7に分けられる。気体7は、脱塩装置
8で塩化水素を除去した後、分留塔9で気体燃料10と
液体燃料11に分離する。液体燃料11は、一旦液体燃
料貯蔵部12に溜めた後、また、気体燃料10は直接、
液体及び気体燃料供給装置13からボイラ3内へ供給
し、燃焼させる。液体燃料11と気体燃料10の一部
は、バーナ14に送られ、熱分解炉を加熱するための燃
料としても用いられる。液体燃料11は、燃焼炉の起動
用バーナ30にも送られる。符号29は流量制御装置で
ある。
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a waste treatment apparatus in which solid fuel once generated by pyrolysis is separated and a part is returned to the same pyrolysis furnace. The apparatus includes a pyrolysis furnace 1, a combustion furnace 2, a boiler 3, a solid combustion burner 4, and the like. The combustible waste 5 is first sent to the pyrolysis furnace 1 and separated into a solid fuel 6 and a gas 7 by a pyrolysis reaction. The gas 7 is separated into a gaseous fuel 10 and a liquid fuel 11 in a fractionation tower 9 after removing hydrogen chloride in a desalination device 8. After the liquid fuel 11 is once stored in the liquid fuel storage unit 12, the gaseous fuel 10 is directly
The fuel is supplied from the liquid and gaseous fuel supply device 13 into the boiler 3 and burned. A part of the liquid fuel 11 and a part of the gaseous fuel 10 are sent to the burner 14 and are also used as fuel for heating the pyrolysis furnace. The liquid fuel 11 is also sent to the burner 30 for starting the combustion furnace. Reference numeral 29 denotes a flow control device.

【0029】固体燃料6は、分別機15に送り、細かい
硬粒子16と粗い軟粒子17に分ける。粗い軟粒子17
は可燃廃棄物5と混ぜて再び熱分解炉1に投入する。こ
れにより、得られる固体燃料の炭化度を高め、発熱量を
高くすることができる。また、可燃廃棄物5の発熱量が
変化しても、得られる固体燃料の発熱量の変化を少なく
できる。
The solid fuel 6 is sent to a separator 15 where it is divided into fine hard particles 16 and coarse soft particles 17. Coarse soft particles 17
Is mixed with the combustible waste 5 and then put into the pyrolysis furnace 1 again. Thereby, the degree of carbonization of the obtained solid fuel can be increased, and the calorific value can be increased. Further, even if the calorific value of the combustible waste 5 changes, the change in the calorific value of the obtained solid fuel can be reduced.

【0030】細かい硬粒子16は、固体燃料貯蔵部18
に送られる。さらに固体燃料供給装置19から搬送空気
20を用いて固体燃焼用バーナ4に送られる。必要なら
ば、固体燃料供給装置19で、固体燃料をさらに微粉砕
する。固体燃料は、燃焼炉2内で、燃焼用空気21と混
ざり、燃焼する。燃焼炉2内では、固体燃料中の灰分が
溶融し、溶融スラグ22として炉外に取り出される。燃
焼後の気体はボイラ3へと導かれ、燃焼気体の熱は蒸気
として回収される。また、液体燃料11と気体燃料10
は、ボイラ3内に供給され、燃焼する。供給した液体燃
料11と気体燃料10を完全燃焼させるため、ボイラ3
の下流側からアフタエア23を供給する。ボイラから排
出された燃焼排ガス25は、煙道24を経て煙突26か
ら排出される。煙道24には脱硝装置27及び脱硫装置
28を設け、排ガス中のNOx及びSOxを除去する。
[0030] The fine hard particles 16 are
Sent to Further, the solid fuel is supplied from the solid fuel supply device 19 to the solid combustion burner 4 using the carrier air 20. If necessary, the solid fuel is further pulverized by the solid fuel supply device 19. The solid fuel mixes with the combustion air 21 in the combustion furnace 2 and burns. In the combustion furnace 2, the ash in the solid fuel is melted and taken out of the furnace as a molten slag 22. The gas after combustion is guided to the boiler 3, and the heat of the combustion gas is recovered as steam. The liquid fuel 11 and the gaseous fuel 10
Is supplied into the boiler 3 and burns. In order to completely burn the supplied liquid fuel 11 and gaseous fuel 10, the boiler 3
Is supplied from the downstream side of the air. The flue gas 25 discharged from the boiler is discharged from a chimney 26 via a flue 24. The flue 24 is provided with a denitration device 27 and a desulfurization device 28 to remove NOx and SOx in the exhaust gas.

【0031】本発明の装置では、固体燃料の発熱量が高
く、発熱量の変化も少ないので、燃焼炉2内の温度を高
め、また、燃焼温度の変化を少なくできる。このため、
燃焼温度が低すぎて灰が溶融しない、また、燃焼温度が
高すぎて重金属酸化物が蒸発し溶融スラグ中に封入でき
ない、などのトラブルを防止できる。
In the apparatus according to the present invention, the calorific value of the solid fuel is high and the calorific value does not change much, so that the temperature in the combustion furnace 2 can be increased and the change in the combustion temperature can be reduced. For this reason,
It is possible to prevent troubles such as that the ash does not melt because the combustion temperature is too low, and that the heavy metal oxide evaporates and cannot be enclosed in the molten slag because the combustion temperature is too high.

【0032】本発明の装置では、可燃廃棄物5の発熱量
が変化した場合には、液体燃料11または気体燃料10
の発熱量が変化する。しかし、これらの燃料はボイラ3
内に供給するため、燃焼炉2内の温度に影響を及ぼさな
い。また、高温の雰囲気中に液体燃料11及び気体燃料
10を供給するので、発熱量が低くても容易に燃焼でき
る。さらに、液体燃料11の供給量を制御することで、
ボイラ3からの蒸気発生量も制御できる。
In the apparatus of the present invention, when the calorific value of the combustible waste 5 changes, the liquid fuel 11 or the gaseous fuel 10
Changes the calorific value. However, these fuels are used in boiler 3
The temperature in the combustion furnace 2 is not affected because the gas is supplied into the furnace. In addition, since the liquid fuel 11 and the gaseous fuel 10 are supplied in a high-temperature atmosphere, even if the calorific value is low, the fuel can be easily burned. Further, by controlling the supply amount of the liquid fuel 11,
The amount of steam generated from the boiler 3 can also be controlled.

【0033】ボイラ3内に液体燃料11及び気体燃料1
0を供給することで、NOx排出量を低減することもで
きる。ボイラ3内に燃料を供給し、空気比が1.0 以下
の領域を形成すると、燃焼炉2内で一旦生成したNOx
が還元される。ただしこのときには、未燃焼物質の排出
を抑制するため、ボイラ下流側でアフタエア23を投入
し、燃料を完全燃焼させる必要がある。
The liquid fuel 11 and the gaseous fuel 1 are stored in the boiler 3.
By supplying 0, the NOx emission amount can be reduced. When fuel is supplied into the boiler 3 to form a region having an air ratio of 1.0 or less, the NOx once generated in the combustion furnace 2
Is reduced. However, at this time, in order to suppress the discharge of unburned substances, it is necessary to charge the after-air 23 downstream of the boiler to completely burn the fuel.

【0034】なお、本装置の熱分解炉の熱源として、燃
焼排ガスの熱を利用してもよい。
The heat of the combustion exhaust gas may be used as the heat source of the thermal decomposition furnace of the present apparatus.

【0035】図2は、分別した固体燃料の一部を異なる
熱分解炉に戻す廃棄物処理装置の一実施例である。ま
た、熱分解炉の熱源として、燃焼排ガスを利用する。複
数の熱分解炉を用いるときには、温度,酸素濃度,熱分
解時間等を変えることができるので、より均質の固体燃
料を得ることができる。
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a waste treatment apparatus for returning a part of the separated solid fuel to a different pyrolysis furnace. Further, combustion exhaust gas is used as a heat source of the pyrolysis furnace. When a plurality of pyrolysis furnaces are used, the temperature, oxygen concentration, pyrolysis time and the like can be changed, so that a more homogeneous solid fuel can be obtained.

【0036】可燃廃棄物5をまず低温熱分解炉31に送
り、固体燃料6と気体燃料10に分離する。固体燃料6
は分別機15に送り、燃料を分別する。炭化が進んでい
ない物質は、さらに高温熱分解炉32に送り、固体燃料
の炭化を促進する。熱分解で得られた気体燃料10は、
塩素を除去した後、ボイラ3へ送り燃焼する。固体燃料
6は燃焼炉2へ供給し、燃焼させる。
The combustible waste 5 is first sent to the low-temperature pyrolysis furnace 31 and separated into the solid fuel 6 and the gaseous fuel 10. Solid fuel 6
Is sent to a separator 15 to separate the fuel. The material whose carbonization has not progressed is further sent to the high temperature pyrolysis furnace 32 to promote carbonization of the solid fuel. The gaseous fuel 10 obtained by pyrolysis is
After removing chlorine, it is sent to the boiler 3 and burned. The solid fuel 6 is supplied to the combustion furnace 2 and burned.

【0037】図3は、熱分解後の固体燃料を分別するプ
ロセスの一例である。熱分解後の固体燃料をまず分級す
る。炭化が進んだ固体は砕きやすいため、熱分解過程中
に細かくなることが多い。このため、分級後の微粒側の
固体は、炭化が進み、発熱量が高い。ただし、熱分解炉
に投入されたときの初期粒径が大きいときには、炭化が
進んでいても、熱分解後の粒径が大きい。また、粒子の
外側は炭化が進んでいるが、内側は進んでいない粒子も
存在する。分級後の粗粒側の固体から、炭化の進んだ固
体を分離するには、粒子を粉砕するとよい。炭化の進ん
だ固体は硬く割れやすいので、粉砕され、細かくなる。
粉砕後、粒径の大きな粒子を分離し、この分離された粒
子を熱分解炉に再度投入する。図3の手段を用いると、
燃焼炉に送られる固体燃料には、炭化の進んでいないも
のが除かれているので、炭化度のばらつきが少なくな
る。このため、発熱量の高い固体燃料を得ることがで
き、運転中の燃焼炉の温度を、高温かつ一定に保ちやす
い。
FIG. 3 is an example of a process for separating solid fuel after pyrolysis. The pyrolyzed solid fuel is first classified. The carbonized solid is easily broken and often becomes fine during the pyrolysis process. For this reason, the solid on the fine particle side after classification is further carbonized and has a high calorific value. However, when the initial particle size when charged into the pyrolysis furnace is large, the particle size after pyrolysis is large even if carbonization proceeds. In addition, there are particles in which the carbonization has progressed on the outside of the particles but not on the inside. In order to separate the solidified carbon from the solid on the coarse side after classification, the particles may be pulverized. The carbonized solid is hard and fragile, so it is pulverized and finely divided.
After the pulverization, the particles having a large particle size are separated, and the separated particles are put into the pyrolysis furnace again. Using the means of FIG. 3,
Since the solid fuel sent to the combustion furnace excludes those that have not advanced carbonization, the dispersion of the carbonization degree is reduced. For this reason, a solid fuel having a high calorific value can be obtained, and the temperature of the combustion furnace during operation can be easily maintained at a high temperature and constant.

【0038】[0038]

【発明の効果】微粒化しやすく、発熱量が高く、組成変
化の少ない固体燃料が得られるため、燃焼温度を高温か
つ一定に保ちやすい。この固体燃料の燃焼熱により灰分
を溶融させるため、廃棄物の組成変化に影響されずに、
安定しと灰分を溶融できる。
According to the present invention, a solid fuel which is easy to atomize, generates a large amount of heat, and has a small change in composition can be obtained, so that it is easy to keep the combustion temperature high and constant. Because the ash is melted by the heat of combustion of this solid fuel, it is not affected by changes in the composition of the waste,
Can stabilize and melt ash.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of the drawings]

【図1】本発明の一実施例の廃棄物処理装置の構成図。FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a waste disposal apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

【図2】本発明の他の実施例の廃棄物処理装置の構成
図。
FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a waste disposal apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.

【図3】熱分解後の固体燃料を分別するプロセスの一
例。
FIG. 3 shows an example of a process for separating solid fuel after pyrolysis.

【符号の説明】[Explanation of symbols]

1…熱分解炉、2…燃焼炉、3…ボイラ、4…固体燃焼
用バーナ、5…可燃廃棄物、6…固体燃料、7…気体、
8…脱塩装置、9…分留塔、10…気体燃料、11…液
体燃料、12…液体燃料貯蔵部、13…液体及び気体燃
料供給装置、14…バーナ、15…分別機、16…細か
い硬粒子、17…粗い軟粒子、18…固体燃料貯蔵部、
19…固体燃料供給装置、20…搬送空気、21…燃焼
用空気、22…溶融スラグ、23…アフタエア、24…
煙道、25…燃焼排ガス、26…煙突、27…脱硝装
置、28…脱硫装置、29…流量制御装置、30…起動
用バーナ、31…低温熱分解炉、32…高温熱分解炉。
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Pyrolysis furnace, 2 ... Combustion furnace, 3 ... Boiler, 4 ... Burner for solid combustion, 5 ... Combustible waste, 6 ... Solid fuel, 7 ... Gas
8 ... desalination device, 9 ... fractionation tower, 10 ... gas fuel, 11 ... liquid fuel, 12 ... liquid fuel storage unit, 13 ... liquid and gas fuel supply device, 14 ... burner, 15 ... fractionator, 16 ... fine Hard particles, 17: coarse soft particles, 18: solid fuel storage,
19 ... Solid fuel supply device, 20 ... Conveying air, 21 ... Combustion air, 22 ... Molten slag, 23 ... After air, 24 ...
Flue, 25: flue gas, 26: chimney, 27: denitrifier, 28: desulfurizer, 29: flow controller, 30: burner for starting, 31: low-temperature pyrolysis furnace, 32: high-temperature pyrolysis furnace.

フロントページの続き (72)発明者 梶 隆一 東京都千代田区神田駿河台四丁目6番地 株式会社日立製作所内 (72)発明者 大橋 悟 茨城県日立市幸町三丁目1番1号 株式会 社日立製作所日立工場内Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Ryuichi Kaji 4-6 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Inside Hitachi, Ltd. Hitachi factory

Claims (6)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】可燃性成分含有廃棄物を熱分解炉で熱分解
し、熱分解生成物を燃焼炉に送って燃焼し、廃熱を回収
するようにした可燃性成分含有廃棄物の処理方法におい
て、前記熱分解生成物のうち固体成分のみを前記燃焼炉
で燃焼するようにしたことを特徴とする可燃性成分含有
廃棄物の処理方法。
Claims: 1. A method for treating combustible component-containing waste, wherein the combustible component-containing waste is pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis product is sent to a combustion furnace for combustion, and waste heat is recovered. The method for treating combustible component-containing waste according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein only the solid components of the pyrolysis products are burned in the combustion furnace.
【請求項2】請求項1に記載の方法において、前記固体
成分を炭化が進んでいるものといないものとに分別し、
炭化が進んでいるものを前記燃焼炉に送って燃焼するよ
うにしたことを特徴とする可燃性成分含有廃棄物の処理
方法。
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said solid component is separated into one having advanced carbonization and one having no carbonization,
A method for treating combustible component-containing waste, wherein carbonized material is sent to the combustion furnace for combustion.
【請求項3】可燃性成分含有廃棄物を熱分解する熱分解
炉と熱分解生成物を燃焼する燃焼炉及び燃焼排ガスの熱
を回収するボイラとを備えた可燃性成分含有廃棄物の処
理装置において、前記熱分解生成物のなかから固体成分
を前記燃焼炉に搬送する手段を設けたことを特徴とする
可燃性成分含有廃棄物の処理装置。
3. An apparatus for treating combustible component-containing waste, comprising: a pyrolysis furnace for thermally decomposing combustible component-containing waste; a combustion furnace for burning the pyrolysis products; and a boiler for recovering heat of flue gas. 3. The apparatus for treating combustible component-containing waste according to claim 1, further comprising means for transporting a solid component from the pyrolysis product to the combustion furnace.
【請求項4】可燃性成分含有廃棄物を熱分解する熱分解
炉と熱分解生成物を燃焼する燃焼炉及び燃焼排ガスの熱
を回収するボイラとを備えた可燃性成分含有廃棄物の処
理装置において、前記熱分解生成物のうち固体成分を炭
化が進んでいるものといないものとに分別する分別機を
設け、該分別機で分別された炭化が進んでいるものを前
記燃焼炉に送るようにしたことを特徴とする可燃性成分
含有廃棄物の処理装置。
4. An apparatus for treating combustible component-containing waste, comprising: a pyrolysis furnace for thermally decomposing the combustible component-containing waste; a combustion furnace for burning the pyrolysis products; and a boiler for recovering the heat of the combustion exhaust gas. In the above, a separator is provided for separating solid components of the pyrolysis products into those having advanced carbonization and those not having carbonization, and the one having advanced carbonization separated by the separator is sent to the combustion furnace. An apparatus for treating combustible component-containing waste, characterized in that:
【請求項5】請求項4に記載の装置において、前記分別
機で分別された炭化が進んでいない固体成分を前記熱分
解炉に戻す手段を設けたことを特徴とする可燃性成分含
有廃棄物の処理装置。
5. The waste according to claim 4, further comprising means for returning the solid component, which has not yet been carbonized, separated by said separator to said pyrolysis furnace, to said pyrolysis furnace. Processing equipment.
【請求項6】請求項4に記載の装置において、前記熱分
解炉を低温分解炉と高温熱分解炉の2つから構成し、該
低温分解炉で生成された熱分解生成物のうち固体成分を
炭化が進んでいるものといないものとに分別する前記分
別機と、該分別機で分別された炭化が進んでいない固体
成分を前記高温熱分解炉に供給する手段とを設けたこと
を特徴とする可燃性成分含有廃棄物の処理装置。
6. An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said pyrolysis furnace comprises two parts: a low-temperature decomposition furnace and a high-temperature pyrolysis furnace, wherein solid components of the pyrolysis products generated by said low-temperature decomposition furnace are contained. And a means for supplying to the high-temperature pyrolysis furnace a solid component that has not been carbonized and that has been separated by the fractionator. For treating combustible component-containing waste.
JP3004497A 1997-02-14 1997-02-14 Method and apparatus for processing waste material containing combustible component Pending JPH10227426A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3004497A JPH10227426A (en) 1997-02-14 1997-02-14 Method and apparatus for processing waste material containing combustible component

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3004497A JPH10227426A (en) 1997-02-14 1997-02-14 Method and apparatus for processing waste material containing combustible component

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH10227426A true JPH10227426A (en) 1998-08-25

Family

ID=12292832

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP3004497A Pending JPH10227426A (en) 1997-02-14 1997-02-14 Method and apparatus for processing waste material containing combustible component

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH10227426A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112050224A (en) * 2020-10-19 2020-12-08 山西省工业设备安装集团有限公司 System and method for generating power by burning garbage

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112050224A (en) * 2020-10-19 2020-12-08 山西省工业设备安装集团有限公司 System and method for generating power by burning garbage
CN112050224B (en) * 2020-10-19 2022-11-04 山西省安装集团股份有限公司 System and method for generating power by burning garbage

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