JPH10215714A - Raft for water culture, improving of water quality and making ecological reef mainly using waste, and its method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prepare a raft executing water culture, improving a water quality and restoring an ecological system in an eutrophic water area through the use of recycling technique of wastes. SOLUTION: Split pin through-holes 6 are provided at the lower plate of the raft obtained by lightly carbonizing the surface of a used wood pallet and split pin through-holes 6 opened at the folded part 5 of a pot 4 obtained by working a plastic bottom is overlapped on them to fix by putting through the split pin from an upper side. Rooting holes 7 and a plate for preventing the flow-out of a tuber and leading water 8 is provided for each pot. A raft like this is laid on an eutrophic water area through the use of piles and anchors. Some period after this time, a plant body is put in the pot for water culture. Its under water part is useful for purifying a water quality and restoring the ecological system.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a raft that becomes an ecological reef for hydroponic cultivation, purification of water quality, and restoration of an ecosystem of useful plants in eutrophic waters using waste recycling technology and a method therefor. It is.

[0002]

BACKGROUND ART Eutrophication of rivers and lakes due to household wastewater and nutrients flowing in from agricultural lands has caused problems such as abnormal occurrence of blue-green algae, and techniques for solving the problems have been demanded. It is a well-known fact that water-based plants improve water quality, but there is also a need for a technology that can destroy not only plants but also many ecosystems and promote their recovery by concrete revetment used for flood control measures. Under such circumstances, attempts have been made to cultivate various plants on raft to absorb nutrients. However, in the past, reinforced plastics and the like were used for raft, which was expensive in terms of cost. Also, if a large amount of such raft made of resin is used in lakes and marshes, it will not only be necessary to input a large amount of resources and energy, but also new disposal problems will occur after use. Was also thought enough. On the other hand, in the conventional technology using raft, most of the plants to be planted have low economic value, so that the recovery after the plant has withered has become a large cost burden. From the above points, it was difficult to spread the conventional technology.

[0003]

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

1) The present invention solves the problem of economics that has hindered the spread of the prior art. 2) The present invention suppresses the input of new resource energy, which is a problem when the conventional technology spreads, and solves the waste problem after use. 3) The present invention solves the problem of recovering plants after withering which has been a burden in the prior art. Research experiments were conducted to solve the above three problems.

[0004]

According to the present invention, a used wooden pallet is used for a raft body, and a pot for planting a plant is made by processing a plastic bottle. And
For fixing the pot to the raft, a cotter pin made by cutting a wire hanger that is passed along with the laundry from the cleaning shop is used. A highly economical useful plant such as kwai is used as the planting plant. Such rafts were connected in units of several ropes or the like, and laid in an eutrophic water area by a suitable method using a pile or anchor to provide a means for solving the problems of the prior art.

[0005]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

1) Raft body figure 1 Turn the used wooden pallet 1 upside down and make a split pin through hole 3 in the lower plate 2. After the pallet is processed in this manner, the surface of the pallet is set in an environment in which microorganisms can easily propagate in water in which the surface is lightly carbonized. 2) Pot for planting Fig. 2 Cut the bottom of the plastic bottle, open a split pin through hole 6 in the turn 5 for fixing the pot, and open a hole 7 for rooting. Further, a part of the side surface of the plastic bottle is cut to provide a tuber outflow prevention plate / water guide plate 8. This changes the usage depending on the growth stage of the kwai. That is, when the tuber before rooting is put, the tuber sinks, but there is a possibility that the tuber may flow out by shaking until the root is entangled in the pot. To prevent this, this part is bent inside the pot and used as a tuber outflow prevention plate. Next, when the roots emerge from the tubers and the roots emerge from the rooting holes 7 and the tubers are fixed to the pot to a certain extent, as shown in the figure, this portion is bent to the outside of the pot and the water flow generated by the vertical movement of the raft flows into the pot. It functions as a water guide plate for drawing in. The plastic bottle lid is removed and the inverted one is used as a plant planting pot. 3) Split Pin A wire hanger that is discharged together with the laundry from the cleaning shop is used for the split pin. The hanger is cut first, stretched out linearly, cut into a length of 30 cm, and folded from the center to make a split pin. Next, as a combination of these, the pot is placed between the lower plates of the raft and the split pin through hole 6 of the pot for planting and the split pin through hole 3 of the lower plate of the raft are overlapped, and the split pin is passed through from above. When you reach the bottom, turn it outward. FIG. 3 is a plan view of a pot fixed between lower plates. FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the line AA ′ of FIG. 3 and illustrates how the split pin fixes the pot to the lower plate. The above-mentioned raft is laid in a eutrophic water area by a suitable method using a stake, an anchor, or the like. The plant to be planted grows and its roots come out from the root opening hole 7, and the plant is gradually fixed to the pot, and at the same time, the shoots grow toward the water surface. FIG. 5 shows a plant 10 and its underwater root 11,
It is a perspective view showing an example of a state where a plant has grown on water surface 12. In the case of lakes and marshes, the roots that thrive in the water serve as habitats for fry and shrimp.

[0006]

[Examples] From June to December 1996, a hydroponic cultivation experiment of blue kwai was conducted in an agricultural waterway around Tega-numa, Chiba Prefecture. Blue Kwai is known as a New Year's ingredient. The production is small and relatively expensive. The canal is 1.8m wide and 0.9m deep with a three-sided concrete revetment. In the experiment, wooden pallets brought in with the import of electrical products were used for raft. These pallets are usually unloaded and crushed by a waste disposal company. The pallets are 1.1 m in width, 1.2 m in height and about 20 kg in weight. After opening the split pin through hole 3 in the lower plate, three pieces were carbonized to make a raft body. The pots were processed in various ways and attached to the raft to determine the differences in plant growth. For mounting the pot on the raft, a method was used in which the folded portion was fixed to the lower plate of the raft by hitting with a staple.
The raft made as described above was connected with a rope, and four piles were fixed with a rope and laid at each of two locations on the upstream and downstream sides of the waterway. Next, the pots were filled with kwai and the state of growth was compared and observed. Thereafter, harvesting was performed from late November to early December. As a result of the experiment, the kwai grew up to a maximum plant height of 95 cm in the raft of this method, and the yield was about 1.7 kg in 19 strains of Kwai, but there was a remarkable difference in the growth of the plant itself in other raft. The maximum number of plants that can be planted on a single raft is about 30, and further production can be expected. Pots of various sizes were used, but it was found that the larger the pot, the heavier the tuber weight and the higher the production. From the above experimental results, it was clear that the processing method and the mounting position of the pot greatly affected the yield, and it was found that this method was the most effective. On the other hand, staples were used to attach the pot to the raft, but it was found that this method took time to recover the plants, and that cultivation on a lake or the like was dangerous. In order to solve this problem, we have developed a simple detachable method that allows the whole plant to be easily removed from the raft by using a split bin made of a disposable wire hanger. In this way, even on a lake, it is possible to approach the raft on a boat, pull out the split pin, collect the whole plant with the pot, transport it to a stable place, and then perform the work of separating the tuber. The cotter pin used here is discharged from the laundry along with the laundry, but it is also strong enough, and its surface is coated with vinyl, so that metal rust in the water can be prevented. It has the advantage of preventing elution. From the above experimental results, it has been proved that the use of the water as a culture solution in the eutrophic water area as it is can sufficiently produce economically useful plants. Kwai is generally known to grow its tubers to preserve its seeds when subjected to physical shocks such as restricted root areas. The method of hydroponics cultivation in a pot like this supports this theory. When planting kwai in a pot around April, the tuber sinks to the bottom of the pot and then roots and germinates. Until then, the tuber in the pot may flow out due to the movement of raft and so on. Keep the prevention plate large inside the pot and bend it.
As soon as the roots are entangled in the rooting holes and the plant itself is firmly fixed, the outflow prevention plate is bent outward to provide a water guide plate for providing fresh water flow to the roots. The buoyancy must be adjusted so that the water surface is above the lip of the pot when the stem of the kwai comes to the surface. This is because the stem may hit the rim of the pot when the wind is strong. The cultivation according to this method can be similarly applied to other useful plants. In the experiment, ensai was used, but in that case, a method was used in which the seedlings were fixed on a nonwoven fabric in advance, and the whole medium was transferred to a pot on the raft at a certain time, and the feasibility was confirmed.
With regard to water purification, nutrient absorption was confirmed with the growth of Kwai. Generally, it has been considered that the BOD removal effect cannot be expected in a purification method using an aqueous plant. However, in the present invention, BOD is produced by carbonizing the surface and floating the raft on which microorganisms have propagated in surface water having a relatively high dissolved oxygen concentration.
It can be removed. The present invention in which a raft with a biofilm is floated at a place where the dissolved oxygen concentration is high and BOD is removed is a type of a biofilm method in sewage treatment technology. In addition, attaching a baffle plate to shake the raft on the water surface by the wind force supplies oxygen to the biofilm formed on the raft surface, further increasing the BOD removal rate. The BOD decomposed here becomes CO ₂ and nutrients, is absorbed by the plant directly above it, and assimilated as microorganisms is eaten by organisms higher in the food chain and eventually becomes food for small fish and the like. . In addition, charcoal is put into a pot together with the seeds of planting plants to adsorb and decompose residual pesticides and chemical substances, and decompose organic substances by attaching titanium oxide and ceramic materials to the underwater luminous part of raft. It is also possible to do. One of the major findings of this experiment is that a large amount of fine soil particles, which are non-biodegradable suspended substances in water, were trapped in the roots of the grown Kwai pots. Such fine soil particles are one of the causes of water turbidity. In lakes and marshes, sunlight is blocked and the growth of submerged plants is hindered. In the present invention, it has been found that this portion also functions as a filter for removing fine soil particles. Regarding the effect of ecosystem restoration, it is generally difficult for a variety of creatures to inhabit the concrete revetment channel such as the experimental site. However, a catching net that does not contain food is installed immediately below the raft and the species here is examined, and as a result of visual observation, various organisms such as fish, amphibians, crustaceans inhabit on the spot. It was confirmed. In addition, it was confirmed that several types of spiders live on the water surface of Kwai and capture insects such as mosquitoes. As described above, the present invention has demonstrated the possibility of hydroponic cultivation in eutrophic waters, confirmed that it can improve water quality and restore ecosystems, and is expected to spread in the future. After planting and collecting useful plants, it is possible to install an underwater air diffuser using wind and solar cells on the raft, and replant useful plants resistant to cold like watercress. You can do things. In January 1997, about eight months after the investigation of the raft, the buoyancy was slightly lost, but no xylem corrosion was observed. The nail part was discolored reddish-brown due to rust, but did not affect the physical strength. However, there is a possibility that water will gradually settle as a result of aging, and as a countermeasure, an empty plastic bottle with a lid can be added as an auxiliary buoyant body, or some of the plastic bottles on raft In the experiment, woody plants such as willows were planted, and the buoyancy of the underwater part of the plants could be used to prevent raft sedimentation. It is naturally possible to operate the underwater aeration system using natural energy not only after planting but also throughout the year, and it can be used for BOD removal.
By attaching a ventilation plate such as a signboard to the raft without using complicated equipment, the raft body is shaken on the water surface to supply oxygen to both the raft surface on which the microbial membrane is formed and the submerged roots of the plant. I can do things. In the use of waterways, rivers, etc., garbage is often caught and washed away, and in stationary waters such as lakes and marshes, it is important to shake the raft to generate new water flow to provide new nutrients to submerged roots . In addition, it is possible to provide an advertising function to the wind receiving plate, and the economic added value in such a form is an important factor and a method required for widespread use of environmental protection technology.

[0007]

【The invention's effect】

1) Effect on production of useful plants. It is a cultivation method for kwai, but if it is planted directly in the soil as is commonly done, it takes considerable effort to find tubers in the ground, but with the method of the present invention, tubers are easily collected Things are more efficient than done. It is also possible to cultivate useful plants other than kwai. Although blue kwai was used in this experiment, the same cultivation method can be used for large krogwai. In this case, a greater effect can be expected in terms of taste and economic value. 2) Water purification effect. Absorption of nutrients by planted plants, removal of BOD as a biofilm method by collecting ramen with biofilm formed on the surface water with relatively high dissolved oxygen concentration, recovery of fine soil particles, and restoration of ecosystem This has the effect of removing nutrients by external export of nutrients in the form of catch. 3) There is an ecosystem restoration effect. It is used as a habitat for amphibians, reptiles, birds, aquatic insects, etc., and also has an effect as a reef as a breeding ground for fry. 4) Recycling and reduction of waste The pallets, plastic bottles, and wire hangers all exist as waste, and the fact is that there is a problem with their disposal. They are available at the importer's warehouse and at the administrative garbage collection point. The present invention in which these are processed and combined contributes not only to the effective use of resources but also to the reduction of waste. 5) Pest removal effect In this experiment, it was confirmed that three types of frogs inhabited the raft, while it was confirmed that spiders nested in places above the water of Kwai. These are considered to have the effect of feeding on pests such as file mosquitoes generated from the polluted lakes and marshaling them. 6) Measures against blue-green algae In lakes and marshes where a large number of blue-green algae occur every year, such as Teganuma, by installing the raft of the present invention on a large scale, the nutrients in the water are absorbed prior to the blue-green algae, and the sun It has the effect of restricting light and preventing mass generation. 7) Air purification and cooling effect of air temperature It is already done that plants fix carbon dioxide, but in the experiment, the temperature of the water inside the raft where planting plants are growing is 1 to 1 from the water surface exposed to direct sunlight. It was found that the water temperature was low about twice and there was a cooling effect in the water area. This has the effect of increasing the amount of dissolved oxygen and making the surrounding environment comfortable in summer.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a wooden pallet serving as a raft body.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a plastic bottle processed into a plant planting pot.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a state in which a plastic pot is mounted between lower plates of a wooden pallet using split pins.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a state where a plastic pot is attached to a lower plate of a wooden pallet using a split pin.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a raft showing an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rad body 2 Rad lower plate 3 Lower plate through hole 4 Plastic pot 5 Plastic pot folded back 6 Plastic pot split pin through hole 7 Root hole 8 Tuber outflow prevention plate and water guide plate 9 Split pin 10 Plant 11 Underwater root 12 Water surface

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A raft that is useful for hydroponic cultivation, water purification and ecological reef cultivation of useful plants with raft made of plastic bottles fixed on wooden pallets. 2. A method for hydroponic cultivation, water purification and ecological restoration of useful plants in a raft made by fixing a processed product of a plastic bottle to a wooden pallet.