JPH10202226A - Treatment of incinerated fly ash - Google Patents
Treatment of incinerated fly ashInfo
- Publication number
- JPH10202226A JPH10202226A JP9020890A JP2089097A JPH10202226A JP H10202226 A JPH10202226 A JP H10202226A JP 9020890 A JP9020890 A JP 9020890A JP 2089097 A JP2089097 A JP 2089097A JP H10202226 A JPH10202226 A JP H10202226A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fly ash
- slurry
- incinerated fly
- incinerated
- chlorine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000012970 cakes Nutrition 0.000 description 35
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 alkali metal salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021463 dry cake Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CHKVPAROMQMJNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bisulfate Chemical compound [K+].OS([O-])(=O)=O CHKVPAROMQMJNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000343 potassium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、焼却飛灰の処理方
法に関し、さらに詳細には、たとえば、ごみ焼却工程な
どで発生し、塩素分を含有する焼却飛灰の各種の最終処
理に先立って、該焼却飛灰に含有されている塩素分を除
去するための処理方法に係わる。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for treating incinerated fly ash, and more particularly, prior to various types of final treatment of incinerated fly ash generated in a waste incineration process and containing chlorine. The present invention relates to a treatment method for removing chlorine contained in the incinerated fly ash.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】家庭および事業所などから廃棄されるご
みにはポリ塩化ビニルなどが多量に含有されているのが
一般である。このようなごみは焼却されるが、この焼却
に際して、ごみに含有されていたポリ塩化ビニルに起因
して、排気には多量の塩素化合物が含有され、環境汚染
の原因となるので、排気中の塩素化合物は除去されなけ
ればならない。焼却排気中の塩素化合物を除去するに
は、通常は、焼却前のごみに、および／または排気に過
剰量の消石灰を添加して、これらの塩素化合物を塩化カ
ルシウムに変化せしめ、この塩化カルシウムを、たとえ
ば、各種の集塵機などの固気分離手段によって分離し、
分離された塩化カルシウム含有物は焼却飛灰とされてい
る。従って、この焼却飛灰はアルカリ性であることが通
常である。2. Description of the Related Art Garbage discarded from homes and offices generally contains a large amount of polyvinyl chloride and the like. Such waste is incinerated, but at the time of this incineration, the exhaust contains a large amount of chlorine compounds due to the polyvinyl chloride contained in the waste, causing environmental pollution. Compounds must be removed. To remove chlorine compounds in the incineration exhaust, it is common to add excess slaked lime to the refuse before incineration and / or to the exhaust to convert these chlorine compounds into calcium chloride, which is then converted to calcium chloride. , For example, separated by solid-gas separation means such as various dust collectors,
The separated calcium chloride content is regarded as incineration fly ash. Therefore, the incinerated fly ash is usually alkaline.
【０００３】このようにして分離された焼却飛灰は、特
別管理一般廃棄物の指定によって、さらに熔融処理、セ
メント固化、薬剤処理および酸抽出法などの最終処理の
うちのいずれかによって処理されなければ、廃棄するこ
とはできないとされている。なお、これらの廃棄物は通
常は所定の場所の野外に堆積されたり、土中に埋没され
るだけであり、この最終処分物には雨水ならびに浸透水
および地下水などに溶出する有害物質は含有されていて
はならない。しかしながら、酸抽出法以外の処理方法に
よる場合には、焼却飛灰に含有されている多量の塩素化
合物によって妨害されてこれらの最終処理のみによって
は所期の最終処分物は得にくく環境を汚染し公害問題が
発生することになる。[0003] The incinerated fly ash separated in this manner must be treated by any of final treatments such as melting treatment, cement solidification, chemical treatment, and acid extraction method in accordance with designation of specially controlled general waste. If it is not, it cannot be discarded. These wastes are usually deposited in the open air at specified locations or buried in the soil, and these final disposal materials contain harmful substances eluted in rainwater, seepage water, and groundwater. Don't wait. However, when using a treatment method other than the acid extraction method, the desired final disposal material is difficult to obtain by the final treatment alone, because it is hindered by the large amount of chlorine compounds contained in the incineration fly ash, and pollutes the environment. Pollution problems will arise.
【０００４】すなわち、たとえば、熔融処理において
は、焼却飛灰中の塩化カルシウムなどの塩素化合物から
塩化水素および／または塩素ガスを発生し、この塩化水
素および／または塩素ガスは排気とともに排出される。
この塩化水素および／または塩素ガスを除去するため
に、この塩化水素および／または塩素ガスと消石灰とを
混合して、この塩素および／または塩素ガスを、再度、
塩化カルシウムに変化せしめて熔融飛灰として回収しな
ければならない。焼却飛灰の塩素含有率が２０重量％以
上の場合には、熔融処理された焼却飛灰の量よりも多く
の熔融飛灰が生ずることになり最終廃棄物の量が増大す
ることになる。従って、焼却飛灰の塩素分の含有率を小
さくすれば、必然的に熔融飛灰も減少することにもな
る。焼却飛灰には多量の塩素分とともに多量の不溶性の
重金属成分を含有することが多い。その結果、このよう
な熔融飛灰をそのままで廃棄した場合には、酸性雨等に
起因する酸性の環境では、このような熔融飛灰から重金
属成分が塩素分とともに溶出してくるが、この重金属成
分は除去は容易ではない。[0004] That is, for example, in the melting treatment, hydrogen chloride and / or chlorine gas is generated from a chlorine compound such as calcium chloride in incineration fly ash, and the hydrogen chloride and / or chlorine gas is discharged together with the exhaust gas.
In order to remove the hydrogen chloride and / or chlorine gas, the hydrogen chloride and / or chlorine gas is mixed with slaked lime, and the chlorine and / or chlorine gas is removed again.
It must be converted to calcium chloride and recovered as molten fly ash. If the chlorine content of the incinerated fly ash is 20% by weight or more, a larger amount of the molten fly ash will be generated than the amount of the incinerated fly ash subjected to the melting treatment, and the amount of the final waste will increase. Therefore, if the content of chlorine in the incinerated fly ash is reduced, the molten fly ash is inevitably reduced. Incinerated fly ash often contains a large amount of chlorine and a large amount of insoluble heavy metal components. As a result, when such molten fly ash is discarded as it is, in an acidic environment caused by acid rain, etc., heavy metal components are eluted from such molten fly ash together with chlorine content. Components are not easy to remove.
【０００５】また、セメント固化および薬剤処理のそれ
ぞれにおいても、熔融処理におけると同様に焼却飛灰に
含有されている多量の塩素分および重金属成分が溶出す
るので、この重金属成分の溶出を防止するために、セメ
ントおよび薬剤を多量使用しなければならず、これは、
物質の浪費および廃棄物の増加をもたらすことになり好
ましくないとされている。従って、焼却飛灰の塩素分の
含有率を極力小さくするように、焼却飛灰から塩素分を
除去しなければならない。[0005] Further, in each of the cement solidification and the chemical treatment, a large amount of chlorine and heavy metal components contained in the incineration fly ash are eluted as in the melting treatment. In addition, large amounts of cement and chemicals must be used,
It is not preferable because it leads to waste of materials and increased waste. Therefore, the chlorine content must be removed from the incinerated fly ash so as to minimize the chlorine content of the incinerated fly ash.
【０００６】さらに、焼却炉および熔融炉からの飛灰か
ら、塩素およびナトリウムを主とする塩類含有濾液と、
亜鉛、銅、鉛を主とする重金属成分含有残渣とに固液分
離する方法が特開平８−１４１１５３９号公報に記載さ
れている。この方法において、前記の固液分離をするた
めに、飛灰に水を加えてリパルプした後に中和剤を添加
しｐＨを８.０〜１１.０に調整している。しかしてこの
中和剤として水酸化ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウムまたは
水酸化カルシウムの少なくとも１種のアルカリ性化合物
が使用されていることから、この方法で処理される飛灰
は酸性のものである。従って、この方法は、通常は、消
石灰を加えてアルカリ性とされた焼却飛灰に適用し得る
ものとはいえない。Further, from fly ash from incinerators and melting furnaces, a salt-containing filtrate mainly containing chlorine and sodium,
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H08-141115 discloses a method of solid-liquid separation into a residue containing a heavy metal component mainly containing zinc, copper and lead. In this method, in order to carry out the above-mentioned solid-liquid separation, water is added to fly ash, repulped, and then a neutralizing agent is added to adjust the pH to 8.0 to 11.0. Since at least one alkaline compound of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or calcium hydroxide is used as the neutralizing agent, the fly ash treated by this method is acidic. Therefore, this method is not generally applicable to incinerated fly ash which has been made alkaline by adding slaked lime.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、焼却飛灰
に含有されている塩素分を、重金属成分の濃度が低い排
水に溶解せしめて該焼却飛灰から分離し、焼却飛灰中の
塩素分の除去を目的として、鋭意研究をすすめ、焼却飛
灰から塩素分を溶出させるために焼却飛灰をスラリー化
する際に、このスラリーのｐＨを特定の範囲に制御する
ことにより、焼却飛灰から重金属成分を溶出させないで
塩素分のみを溶出分離せしめ得るとの新知見を得、この
発明に到達した。Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors dissolve chlorine contained in incinerated fly ash in wastewater having a low concentration of heavy metal components and separate it from the incinerated fly ash. In order to remove chlorine from the incineration fly ash, we are conducting intensive research.When slurrying the incineration fly ash in order to elute chlorine from the incineration fly ash, the pH of this slurry is controlled to a specific range. The present inventors have obtained a new finding that only chlorine can be eluted and separated without eluting heavy metal components from fly ash.
【０００８】本第１発明は、アルカリ性で塩素分を含有
する焼却飛灰をｐＨ６乃至１０、好ましくは７乃至９の
範囲のスラリーとし、次いで脱水して該焼却飛灰に含有
されていた塩素分を溶出せしめて除去することを特徴と
する焼却飛灰処理法である。本第２発明は、前記本第１
発明の焼却飛灰処理方法によって処理された焼却飛灰を
水で多段洗浄、好ましくは向流多段洗浄することを特徴
とする焼却飛灰処理方法である。According to the first invention, the alkaline fly ash containing chlorine is converted into a slurry having a pH of 6 to 10, preferably 7 to 9, and then dewatered to remove the chlorine contained in the fly ash. Is an incineration fly ash treatment method characterized by eluting and removing ash. The second invention is directed to the first invention.
The incineration fly ash treatment method is characterized in that the incineration fly ash treated by the incineration fly ash treatment method of the present invention is washed with water in multiple stages, preferably in countercurrent multistage washing.
【０００９】[0009]
【発明の実施の形態】本発明において処理される焼却飛
灰に特に制限はなく、たとえば、家庭および事業所など
から廃棄されたごみを焼却し、少なくとも塩素分、さら
には重金属成分を含有する排気に過剰量の消石灰を粉状
でまたはスラリー状で添加して得られ少なくとも塩化カ
ルシウム、さらには重金属成分を含有する飛灰であれば
よく、アルカリ性のものであり、そのｐＨは、通常は、
たとえば、１１〜１３程度である。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The incineration fly ash treated in the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, waste incinerated from homes and business establishments is incinerated, and exhaust gas containing at least chlorine and heavy metal components is used. In addition, at least calcium chloride obtained by adding an excess amount of slaked lime in a powder or slurry form may be fly ash containing a heavy metal component, and may be alkaline, and its pH is usually,
For example, about 11 to 13.
【００１０】焼却飛灰と水または酸性物質の水溶液（以
下両者を総称して 分散媒 と記すこともある）とを混
合してスラリーとなし、さらに、酸性物質または酸性物
質の水溶液によって、最終的に、ｐＨを６乃至１０、好
ましくは７乃至９に調整する。焼却飛灰と混合される分
散媒の量は、両者の混合物がスラリー状となるような量
であれば特に制限はないが、分散媒の量が少な過ぎると
混合が容易ではなくなり、また、均一なスラリーが得ら
れにくいのでその下限は、通常は、約１５重量倍以上、
好ましくは、約３０重量倍以上とされる。また、分散媒
の量が多くなるに伴って分離排出される塩素分の水溶液
が多くなり排水量が多くなるで、この排水量が過大とな
らないように決定されなければならない。[0010] The incinerated fly ash is mixed with water or an aqueous solution of an acidic substance (hereinafter sometimes collectively referred to as a dispersion medium) to form a slurry. The pH is adjusted to 6 to 10, preferably 7 to 9. The amount of the dispersion medium mixed with the incineration fly ash is not particularly limited as long as the mixture of the two becomes a slurry, but if the amount of the dispersion medium is too small, the mixing becomes difficult, and The lower limit is usually about 15 times by weight or more because it is difficult to obtain
Preferably, it is about 30 times by weight or more. Further, as the amount of the dispersion medium increases, the amount of the aqueous solution of chlorine separated and discharged increases, and the amount of drainage increases. Therefore, the amount of the drainage must be determined so as not to be excessive.
【００１１】このスラリーのｐＨを６未満または１０よ
り高くすると、塩素分を含有する排水中の重金属成分の
含有率が大きくなり、規制値未満にすることができなく
なる。酸性物質は水溶性であればよく特に制限はない
が、通常は、たとえば、塩酸、硝酸および硫酸などの無
機酸ならびに酸性硫酸ナトリウムおよび酸性硫酸カリウ
ムなどの無機酸の酸性アリカリ金属塩などが好適に使用
され、就中、塩酸が最も好ましい。なお、酸性物質とし
て、有機酸または有機酸の酸性アルカリ金属塩などを使
用することを妨げない。When the pH of this slurry is less than 6 or higher than 10, the content of heavy metal components in the chlorine-containing wastewater increases, and it becomes impossible to reduce the content below the regulation value. The acidic substance is not particularly limited as long as it is water-soluble, but usually, for example, inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid and acidic alkali metal salts of inorganic acids such as sodium acid sulfate and potassium acid sulfate are preferably used. Hydrochloric acid is most preferred, especially hydrochloric acid. In addition, it does not prevent using an organic acid or an acidic alkali metal salt of an organic acid as an acidic substance.
【００１２】焼却飛灰と分散媒との混合時間は、混合手
段および焼却飛灰と分散媒との量比などによって異な
り、一概に特定し得ないが、両者が均一に混合されるよ
うな時間であればよく、特に制限はないが、通常は数分
間で充分である。このようにスラリーにすることによ
り、焼却飛灰に含有されていた塩素分の殆ど全量はスラ
リーの液分に溶出せしめられるが、反面、焼却飛灰に含
有されている重金属成分はこの液分に殆ど溶出すること
はない。The mixing time of the incineration fly ash and the dispersion medium depends on the mixing means and the quantitative ratio of the incineration fly ash and the dispersion medium, and cannot be specified unconditionally. There is no particular limitation, but usually a few minutes is sufficient. By making the slurry in this way, almost all of the chlorine contained in the incineration fly ash is eluted into the slurry liquid, but the heavy metal components contained in the incineration fly ash are separated into this liquid. It hardly elutes.
【００１３】このようにして得られたスラリーを脱水し
て焼却飛灰から液分に溶出した塩素分を分離、除去する
ことができる。この脱水には、たとえば、連続または非
連続の濾過機および遠心分離機などの通常の固液分離手
段を使用することができる。[0013] The slurry thus obtained can be dewatered to separate and remove chlorine eluted into liquid from incinerated fly ash. For this dehydration, ordinary solid-liquid separation means such as a continuous or discontinuous filter and a centrifuge can be used.
【００１４】このようにして脱水されたスラリー（以下
脱水ケーキ と記すこともある）は、所望により、さ
らに水で多段洗浄され、該脱水ケーキ中に僅かに残存し
ていた塩素分が除去される。この多段洗浄は向流多段洗
浄が好ましい。脱水ケーキ中の水溶性成分の含有率を低
下させるためには、洗浄の段数は多いほど好ましいが、
実用上、通常は、２乃至３段でよい。The slurry thus dehydrated (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a dewatered cake) is further washed with water, if desired, to remove chlorine remaining slightly in the dewatered cake. . This multistage washing is preferably a countercurrent multistage washing. In order to reduce the content of the water-soluble component in the dehydrated cake, the number of washing steps is preferably as large as possible,
In practice, usually two or three stages are sufficient.
【００１５】この洗浄に使用される水の総量は、脱水ケ
ーキの含水率、洗浄の段数（回数）および脱水ケーキ中
の塩素分の残留量などによって異なり一概に特定し得な
いが、たとえば、向流多段洗浄の場合には、脱水ケーキ
の少なくとも２重量倍程度、好ましくは６重量倍程度と
され、９重量倍より多くする必要はない。洗浄からの排
水は、その重金属成分の濃度が法律上の規制値よりも低
く、実質的には塩素分のみを含有しているだけであるか
ら、特に処理されることなく、そのまま廃棄しても環境
を汚染する危険性はない。The total amount of water used for this washing varies depending on the water content of the dehydrated cake, the number of washing steps (the number of times), the residual amount of chlorine in the dehydrated cake, and cannot be specified unconditionally. In the case of flow multi-stage washing, the weight is at least about 2 times, preferably about 6 times the weight of the dehydrated cake, and need not be more than 9 times the weight. The wastewater from washing has a lower concentration of heavy metal components than the legally regulated value, and contains only chlorine in substance. There is no danger of polluting the environment.
【００１６】また、この洗浄によって脱水ケーキは塩素
分を殆ど含有しなくなるので、脱水ケーキの熔融時には
塩化水素および／または塩素ガスを放出しなくなるの
で、従来行われていた脱水ケーキの中和を省略すること
ができ、この脱水ケーキを各種の最終処理に付した後の
廃棄物から、酸性雨などの酸性の環境下以外では重金属
成分および塩素分が溶出することはない。Further, the dewatered cake contains almost no chlorine content by this washing, so that hydrogen chloride and / or chlorine gas is not released when the dewatered cake is melted, so that the conventional neutralization of the dewatered cake is omitted. The heavy metal component and chlorine are not eluted from the waste after subjecting the dehydrated cake to various final treatments except in an acidic environment such as acid rain.
【００１７】[0017]
【実施例】本発明を以下の実施例によって、さらに具体
的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定される
ものではない。 参考例１ 表１に示された組成を有する焼却飛灰を熔融処理し、常
法により、この排気と消石灰粉末とを混合し、該排気中
に含有されていた塩素分を塩化カルシウムに変化せし
め、この塩化カルシウムを含有する熔融飛灰を得た。得
られた熔融飛灰の重量は前記の焼却飛灰の重量の１.５
１倍であった。EXAMPLES The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. REFERENCE EXAMPLE 1 Incineration fly ash having the composition shown in Table 1 was subjected to melting treatment, and this exhaust gas and slaked lime powder were mixed by a conventional method to convert chlorine contained in the exhaust gas into calcium chloride. Thus, a molten fly ash containing this calcium chloride was obtained. The weight of the obtained fly ash is 1.5 times the weight of the incinerated fly ash.
It was one time.
【００１８】[0018]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１９】また、前記の焼却飛灰をセメントで固化し
た。この固化において焼却飛灰からの重金属成分の溶出
量を規制値未満にするためには、焼却飛灰の重量の１.
２倍のセメントを必要とした。The incinerated fly ash was solidified with cement. In order to reduce the amount of heavy metal components eluted from the incineration fly ash in this solidification to less than the regulation value, the weight of the incineration fly ash must be 1.
Twice the cement was required.
【００２０】実施例１ 参考例１における焼却飛灰に３０重量倍の水を加え、さ
らに塩酸を加えて種々のｐＨに制御されたスラリーを調
製した。このスラリーを脱水して得られた液分中の重金
属成分の濃度を測定した。スラリーのｐＨとスラリーか
ら分離された液分の重金属成分の濃度との関係を図１に
示す。図１から、スラリーのｐＨを６〜１０に制御した
場合には、該焼却飛灰からの前記液分への重金属成分の
溶出量は極めて小さく規制値未満になり、スラリーのｐ
Ｈを７〜９に制御した場合には、該焼却飛灰からの前記
液分への重金属成分の溶出量は検出限界未満となり、従
って、これらのスラリーの液分は、いずれの場合にも特
別な処理をすることなく、そのまま排水として放流する
ことが可能であることが判る。また、脱水ケーキの組成
を表２に示す。Example 1 To the incinerated fly ash of Reference Example 1, 30 times by weight of water was added, and hydrochloric acid was further added to prepare slurries controlled at various pHs. The concentration of the heavy metal component in the liquid obtained by dehydrating the slurry was measured. FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the pH of the slurry and the concentration of the heavy metal component in the liquid separated from the slurry. From FIG. 1, when the pH of the slurry is controlled to 6 to 10, the amount of heavy metal components eluted from the incinerated fly ash into the liquid component is extremely small and less than the regulation value.
When H is controlled to 7 to 9, the amount of the heavy metal component eluted from the incinerated fly ash into the liquid component is less than the detection limit. Therefore, the liquid component of these slurries is special in any case. It can be seen that it is possible to discharge the wastewater as it is without performing any appropriate treatment. Table 2 shows the composition of the dehydrated cake.
【００２１】[0021]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００２２】表２に示された組成を有する脱水ケーキ
は、表１に示された組成を有する焼却飛灰に比して、カ
ルシウム分、ナトリウム分およびカリウム分ならびに塩
素分の濃度が著しく低くなっている。このことは焼却飛
灰に含有されており、焼却飛灰の各種の最終処理を妨害
することになる塩化カルシウム、塩化ナトリウムおよび
塩化カリウムをなどのほぼ全量を焼却飛灰から溶出せし
めることが可能となり、しかも、重金属成分は脱水ケー
キはそのほぼ全量が脱水ケーキに残留し、スラリーの液
分中に溶出しなかったことを示している。なお、脱水ケ
ーキの乾燥後（乾燥された脱水ケーキを以下乾燥ケーキ
と記すこともある）の重量は前記の焼却飛灰の重量の
５０.６％に相当する。The dehydrated cake having the composition shown in Table 2 has significantly lower concentrations of calcium, sodium and potassium and chlorine than the incinerated fly ash having the composition shown in Table 1. ing. This is contained in the incineration fly ash, and almost all of the calcium chloride, sodium chloride, and potassium chloride, which would interfere with various final treatments of the incineration fly ash, can be eluted from the incineration fly ash. In addition, the heavy metal component shows that almost all of the dewatered cake remained in the dewatered cake and was not eluted in the liquid of the slurry. The weight of the dehydrated cake after drying (the dried dehydrated cake is sometimes referred to as a dried cake hereinafter) corresponds to 50.6% of the weight of the incinerated fly ash.
【００２３】この乾燥ケーキを熔融処理して熔融飛灰を
得た。この熔融飛灰の重量は、乾燥ケーキの重量の８％
に相当し、焼却飛灰の約４％に相当する。この乾燥ケー
キをセメントで固化したが、この固化物から溶出する重
金属成分の量を規制値未満にするためには、該乾燥ケー
キの重量の０.２５倍のセメントが必要であり、このセ
メントの量は前記の焼却飛灰の約０.１７倍に相当す
る。この乾燥ケーキを、この乾燥ケーキの重量の２倍の
水で２段で向流洗浄し、次いで脱水した。脱水後のケー
キ（以下 ２段洗浄脱水ケーキ と記すこともある）の
組成を表３に示す。The dried cake was subjected to a melting treatment to obtain a molten fly ash. The weight of this molten fly ash is 8% of the weight of the dried cake
And about 4% of incinerated fly ash. The dried cake was solidified with cement. In order to reduce the amount of heavy metal components eluted from the solidified product to less than the regulation value, 0.25 times the weight of the dried cake was required. The amount corresponds to about 0.17 times the incineration fly ash. The dried cake was countercurrently washed with water twice the weight of the dried cake in two stages and then dewatered. Table 3 shows the composition of the cake after dehydration (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a two-stage dewatered cake).
【００２４】[0024]
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００２５】表２で示された組成を有する脱水ケーキに
比べると、表３に示された組成を有する２段洗浄脱水ケ
ーキは、カルシウム成分、ナトリウム成分およびカリウ
ム成分ならびに塩素分が減少している。これは、水によ
る２段向流洗浄により、脱水ケーキに残存していたカル
シウム成分、ナトリウム成分およびカリウム成分ならび
に塩素分が除去されたことを意味している。なお、表２
および表３のそれぞれにおける脱水ケーキの組成および
２段洗浄脱水ケーキの組成は何れも乾物重に換算して示
されている。Compared to the dewatered cake having the composition shown in Table 2, the two-stage washed dewatered cake having the composition shown in Table 3 has reduced calcium, sodium and potassium components and chlorine content. . This means that the calcium component, sodium component, potassium component and chlorine remaining in the dehydrated cake were removed by the two-stage countercurrent washing with water. Table 2
Each of the composition of the dewatered cake and the composition of the two-stage washed dewatered cake in each of Table 3 and Table 3 is shown in terms of dry weight.
【００２６】洗浄を３段向流洗浄とし、第３段洗浄での
洗浄水の重量を乾燥ケーキの２.８倍としたほかは前記
と同様にして乾燥ケーキを洗浄して、前記と同様な結果
が得られた。洗浄後の乾燥ケーキの重量は、前記の焼却
飛灰の重量の４３％であった。この乾燥ケーキを熔融処
理して熔融飛灰を得たが、この熔融飛灰の重量は乾燥ケ
ーキの重量の３％であった。また、この乾燥ケーキをセ
メントで固化したが、この固化物から重金属成分を溶出
させないためには、乾燥ケーキの重量の０.２倍のセメ
ントが必要であった。 このセメントの量は焼却飛灰の
重量の約０.０９倍に相当する。The dry cake was washed in the same manner as described above, except that the washing was performed in three-stage countercurrent washing, and the weight of the washing water in the third-stage washing was 2.8 times the dry cake. The result was obtained. The weight of the dried cake after washing was 43% of the weight of the incinerated fly ash. The dried cake was subjected to a melting treatment to obtain molten fly ash, and the weight of the molten fly ash was 3% of the weight of the dried cake. The dried cake was solidified with cement. However, in order to prevent heavy metal components from being eluted from the solidified product, cement having a weight of 0.2 times the weight of the dried cake was required. This amount of cement corresponds to about 0.09 times the weight of incinerated fly ash.
【００２７】[0027]
【発明の効果】本発明の焼却飛灰処理方法によって、焼
却飛灰の各種の最終処理を妨害していた塩素分を簡単な
操作によって容易に除去することができ、以て、焼却飛
灰の各種の処理が容易となり、かつ各種の最終処理にお
ける処理量を節減することができ、しかもこの各種の最
終処理によって得られた処理物および排水などは、特別
に処理しなくてもそのまま廃棄することが可能となる。According to the incineration fly ash treatment method of the present invention, the chlorine which has hindered various final treatments of the incineration fly ash can be easily removed by a simple operation. Various treatments are easy, and the amount of treatment in various final treatments can be reduced. In addition, the treated materials and wastewater obtained by these various final treatments can be discarded without special treatment. Becomes possible.
【００２８】[0028]
【図１】スラリーのｐＨと、スラリーから分離された液
分の重金属成分の濃度との関係を示すグラフである。FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the pH of a slurry and the concentration of heavy metal components in a liquid separated from the slurry.
Claims (5)
をｐＨ６乃至１０の範囲のスラリーとし、次いで脱水し
て該焼却飛灰に含有されていた塩素分を溶出せしめて除
去することを特徴とする焼却飛灰処理法。An incinerated fly ash containing an alkali and containing chlorine is made into a slurry having a pH of 6 to 10, and then dewatered to elute and remove chlorine contained in the incinerated fly ash. Incineration fly ash treatment method.
範囲とする請求項１記載の焼却飛灰処理方法。2. The method for treating incinerated fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the incinerated fly ash slurry is in the range of 7 to 9.
３の範囲とする請求項１または２記載の焼却飛灰処理方
法。3. The pH of the incinerated fly ash slurry is adjusted to 11 to 1
3. The incineration fly ash treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein
却飛灰処理方法によって処理された焼却飛灰を水で多段
洗浄することを特徴とする焼却飛灰処理方法。4. A method for treating incinerated fly ash, wherein the incinerated fly ash treated by the method for treating incinerated fly ash according to claim 1 is washed in multiple stages with water.
記載の焼却飛灰処理方法。5. The multi-stage washing is a counter-current multi-stage washing.
The incineration fly ash treatment method described.
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|---|---|---|---|
| JP02089097A JP3735789B2 (en) | 1997-01-21 | 1997-01-21 | Incineration fly ash treatment method and apparatus |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP02089097A JP3735789B2 (en) | 1997-01-21 | 1997-01-21 | Incineration fly ash treatment method and apparatus |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10202226A true JPH10202226A (en) | 1998-08-04 |
| JP3735789B2 JP3735789B2 (en) | 2006-01-18 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1798297A1 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2007-06-20 | CTU - Conzepte Technik Umwelt AG | Process for the treatment of heavy-metal bearing dust |
| US7437032B2 (en) | 2003-07-28 | 2008-10-14 | Olympus Corporation | Optical switch and method of controlling optical switch |
| WO2014148623A1 (en) * | 2013-03-22 | 2014-09-25 | 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 | Dust cleaning device and dust cleaning method |
| JP2018154544A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-10-04 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | Chlorine-containing powder treating method and chlorine-containing powder treating system |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5277152B2 (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2013-08-28 | 株式会社ティーディーイー | High alkali slurry processing method and system |
-
1997
- 1997-01-21 JP JP02089097A patent/JP3735789B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7437032B2 (en) | 2003-07-28 | 2008-10-14 | Olympus Corporation | Optical switch and method of controlling optical switch |
| EP1798297A1 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2007-06-20 | CTU - Conzepte Technik Umwelt AG | Process for the treatment of heavy-metal bearing dust |
| WO2014148623A1 (en) * | 2013-03-22 | 2014-09-25 | 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 | Dust cleaning device and dust cleaning method |
| JPWO2014148623A1 (en) * | 2013-03-22 | 2017-02-16 | 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 | Dust cleaning apparatus and dust cleaning method |
| JP2018154544A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-10-04 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | Chlorine-containing powder treating method and chlorine-containing powder treating system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3735789B2 (en) | 2006-01-18 |
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