JPH10192264A - X-ray diagnostic instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an X-ray diagnostic instrument which allows a smooth positioning of the instrument to narrow places such as a hip joint and to enlarge the range of a slide rotation angle of the instrument. SOLUTION: An X-ray generator 8 is installed on the end part of a C-arm 4, and a plane detector 9 is installed to the inner part of the other end part of the C-arm 4. Since the plane detector 9 is possible to be formed thin and small, the same is able to be securely and smoothly positioned even at narrow places such as a hip joint. Also, a slide rail is possible to be installed extendedly to the back face of a part of the C-arm 4 where the plane detector 9 is installed, and a range of slide rotation angle may be attempted to be enlarged by this.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an X-ray diagnostic apparatus suitable for use in a portable holding apparatus mainly used for surgery or the like or a stationary holding apparatus mainly used for circulatory organs.

[0002]

[Prior art]

<Portable holding device for surgical use etc.> As shown in FIG. 13, a portable holding device, which is one of the conventional X-ray diagnostic devices, is movable with, for example, one front caster 200a and two rear casters. 200 supported at three points on the
0 and a horizontal support mechanism 2
C-arm holder 20 provided in the form of extension 01
2 and a C-arm 203 supported by the C-arm holder 202.

An X-ray generator 204 and an X-ray detector 205 are provided at both ends of the C-arm 203 so as to face each other.

A so-called image intensifier is used as the X-ray detection unit 205. The X-ray information transmitted through the subject is converted into optical information, and this optical information is condensed by an optical lens to be used in a TV. The image is taken into a camera and a fluoroscopic image is displayed.

A cassette holder is detachable on the front surface (the X-ray incident surface) of the image intensifier. The cassette is set here, and photographing is performed as necessary. I have.

[0006] The irradiation field differs between the fluoroscopy and the radiography, and the fluoroscopy or radiography is performed by switching the X-ray shielding mask to a circular or rectangular shape depending on the case.

On the other hand, in such a portable holding device, there are various movable parts for accessing a subject, and the most frequently used movable part among them is a C-arm slide rotation.

The C-arm holder 2 of the C-arm 203
As shown in FIG. 14, a slide rail 206 is provided on the side of the connection surface with the C. 02, and the C-arm 203 is slidable along the arm shape.

More specifically, the slide rotation range of the C arm is, for example, 90 ° in the CRA direction as shown in FIG.
20 ° -30 ° in the AU direction for a total of 110 ° -120
°.

[0010] Such a portable holding device alternately performs fluoroscopy in two directions using the slide rotation (or main shaft rotation) function, and proceeds with the operation while imaging the spatial positional relationship.

<Mainly a stationary holding device for a circulatory organ> A stationary holding device, which is one of the conventional X-ray diagnostic apparatuses, is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 7, for example, a ceiling mounting portion 221 mounted on a ceiling 220 such as an operating room, an L arm 222 provided on the ceiling mounting portion 221, and a rotation support member 223 on the side opposite to the ceiling of the L arm 222. C arm 2 provided
24 are provided.

An X-ray generator 225 and an X-ray detector 226 are provided at both ends of the C-arm 224 so as to face each other.

The C-arm 224 is provided with a vertically moving mechanism 228 for controlling the X-ray detector 226 to move up and down. The portion of the C-arm 224 where the X-ray detector 226 is located is A vertical movement hole 227 larger than the outer shape of the X-ray detection unit 226 is provided. And
The X-ray detection unit 226 controlled to move by the up-down movement mechanism 228 moves up and down through the up-down movement hole 227.

As the X-ray detector 226, an image intensifier is used, and the X-ray transmitted through the subject is used.
The line information is converted into optical information, and this optical information is condensed by an optical lens, taken into a TV camera, and displayed as a fluoroscopic image.

In some cases, a film changer (PUCK) is provided so as to support film shooting. In this case, an image intensifier and a PUC are provided.
By switching K, shooting is performed as needed.

The irradiation field differs between the fluoroscopy and the radiography, and the fluoroscopy or radiography is performed by switching the X-ray shielding mask to a circular or rectangular shape depending on the case.

On the other hand, such a stationary holding device has various movable parts for accessing a subject, and among them, three important rotating parts (a slide rotating part, a main spindle). Rotating part, column rotating part). In recent years, these rotary units have been improved so that they can perform isocentric rotation from the viewpoint of clinical application.

The mainstream of the C-arm 224 is arranged so as to be symmetric with respect to the main shaft rotation axis (no offset), so that the C-arm 224 can be accessed either left or right to access the subject. It is devised.

Further, the image intensifier is moved closer (near) to or separated from the subject (aw) by the vertical movement mechanism 228 according to the part to be fluoroscopy or the purpose of diagnosis.
ay), and the SID can be changed.

[0020]

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

<Problems of Portable Holding Device for Surgical etc.> In the above-mentioned portable holding device, the size of an image intensifier used as the X-ray detector 205 is generally 6 inches to 12 inches. However, these are all large in shape and are not so problematic in the distal extremities, but when imaging the proximal part such as the crotch joint, the space for access is limited, so the image in The tensifier (X-ray detector 205) cannot be brought into close contact with the hip joint.

For this reason, as shown in FIG. 17, radiography is performed by positioning an X-ray generation unit 204, which is relatively more compact than an image intensifier, such that the X-ray generation unit 204 is arranged on the hip joint side.

However, in the case of imaging such a narrow part, the development of an X-ray diagnostic apparatus has been developed in which even the relatively compact X-ray generating unit 204 is still large and can easily image and see through even a narrow part. Is desired.

When the X-ray generation unit 204 is arranged on the side of the hip joint, the image intensifier is inevitably separated from the affected area, the influence of penumbra increases, and the image quality deteriorates. There has been a problem that is difficult to do. For this reason, giving up fluoroscopy, arranging a small-sized (6 pieces, 4 pieces, etc.) cassette at the hip joint, performing close-up photography, and referring to a photographed image obtained at a desired magnification without deterioration in image quality obtained thereby Had to do surgery. However, this method does not observe an affected part in real time, and is not optimal for use in surgery.

In addition, for example, in the case of a joint operation of a femoral fracture, as a surgical procedure, the bone is reduced (the position of the fractured bone is adjusted), and the intramedullary nail is inserted into the intramedullary bone to join the bone. The nail is inserted and fixed with the intramedullary nail lateral locking pin. In this operation, two-way fluoroscopy is performed alternately, and a three-dimensional image is formed in the head by trial and error. That is the current situation. For this reason, the reliability of the operation is lacking, and there is an increasing tendency to consider the mental burden on the operator and the increase in X-ray exposure of the subject.

On the other hand, the slide rail 206 provided on the C-arm 203 is affected by the X-ray generator 204 and the X-ray detector 205 provided at both ends, so that the X-ray generator 204 and the X-ray detector 205 abutment portions 203a, 203
Only b can be provided. Also, the C arm 20
The slide rotation range of 3 is 9 in the CRA direction as described above.
0 °, 20 ° -30 ° in CAU direction, total 110 °
About 120 °, which is due to the shape of the X-ray generator 204, the shape of the X-ray detector 205, the shape of the C-arm 203, and the C-arm holder 20 for holding the C-arm 203.
2 and the like.

From the above, it is physically impossible to obtain a further rotation angle, but in recent years, there is a demand for a deeper angle in accordance with diversified cases.

The C-arm holder 202 has a required slide stroke (CR) as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG.
A: 90 °), the shape is vertically asymmetric in consideration of interference with the image intensifier.

That is, the C arm holder 202
In order to prevent the image intensifier from coming into contact with the C-arm holder 202 when the image intensifier is positioned at an angle of 90 ° in the RA direction, the C-arm holder 202 has a vertically asymmetric shape so that the relief portion 21 of the image intensifier is formed.
0. For this reason, the center of gravity P of the C-arm holder 202 is located at a position shifted from the main shaft rotation axis of the horizontal support mechanism 201 (in most cases, below the main shaft rotation axis). In order to balance the rotation of the spindle, the center of gravity of the slide O (C arm 203,
The center of gravity of the X-ray generator 204 and the X-ray detector 205) is set as the slide rotation center, and is set at a position shifted from the spindle rotation axis (in most cases, above the spindle rotation axis). Since the center of rotation of the slide is not on the main axis of rotation, performing a combined angulation using the rotation of the main axis and the rotation of the main axis does not allow isocentric rotation, and there is a problem that the region of interest deviates from the X-ray irradiation field. Was.

This problem can be dealt with by using both the vertical movement and the forward / backward movement of the C-arm 203, but the operation for this is complicated, and it takes time to set the optimal positioning.

Since the center of rotation of the slide is shifted from the axis of rotation of the main shaft, the image intensifier is positioned on the ceiling side and the image is transferred from the undertube using the portable holding device as shown in FIG. When an intensifier is located on the floor 215 side and an overtube using the portable holding device is used, the C-arm 2
Numeral 03 moves downward (toward the floor 215) substantially twice the amount of displacement of the slide rotation center with respect to the main shaft rotation axis. Therefore, when a slide operation is performed in this state, the optical head provided with the image intensifier and the leg 21
C arm 2 so that 1 does not interfere (do not touch)
The device must be designed in consideration of the arrangement of the device 03, and there is a problem that the device itself becomes large.

<Problems of Stationary Device for Mainly Cardiology> In the above-mentioned stationary holder, the size of the image intensifier used for the X-ray detector 226 is generally 9 to 16 inches. Therefore, when these are used to make the SID large, such as when making a large and deep angle in terms of shape, the image intensifier, T
The optical head including the V-camera jumps out of the C-arm 224, and depending on the positioning, the optical head is located on the head side of the operator, which is a hindrance in terms of space in advancing the operation. There is a problem that obstructs the field of view and hinders the observation of the monitor.

On the other hand, the vertical movement mechanism 228 is arranged inside the C-arm 224 so as not to hinder the slide rotation, and is designed to avoid interference (contact) with the subject as much as possible. It is required that the intensifier be provided above the away position (position away from the subject). Therefore, the vertical movement mechanism 228 must be provided in this limited space, and there is a problem that the vertical movement stroke of the image intensifier is limited.

Also, a vertical movement hole 227 is provided in the optical head and the C-arm 224 to allow the optical head to escape inside the C-arm 224 so that the optical head and the floor 230 can be used in an overtube without interference (contact). Was possible. Specifically, the C arm 224 and the arm holder 22
4 or the floor 230, data is taken in advance, the C-arm 224 is temporarily stopped before reaching the interference area during the slide rotation or the main shaft rotation, and the image intensifier is retreated to the inside of the C-arm 224, and then again. Continue spinning. And after passing through the interference area,
Complicated control of returning the image intensifier to the original away position was required.

For this reason, the slide rail for sliding the C-arm 224 is located at the front part 22 of the vertical movement hole 227.
7a can be provided only when the C-arm 22
4 restricts the stroke of the slide movement.

Further, since the image input surface of the image intensifier has a spherical shape, even when the image intensifier is in close contact with an affected part, a gap is formed at the periphery of the image intensifier, and problems such as penumbra and image distortion are caused. there were. Furthermore, while the image input surface has a spherical shape, the display surface of the monitor has a rectangular shape, so that there is a problem that an image memory for temporarily capturing an image from the image input surface cannot be effectively used.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems.
It is intended to provide a line diagnostic device.

[0037]

An X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to the present invention is an X-ray diagnostic apparatus comprising an X-ray generating section and an X-ray detecting section arranged at both ends of a C-arm. For example, a solid state detector formed by a flat detector is provided as a part.

Thus, the X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to the present invention has the following features when applied to a portable holding apparatus and when applied to a stationary holding apparatus.

<Mainly when applied to a portable holding device for surgery or the like> A thin and small solid-state detector is used as an X-ray detecting means instead of a long and heavy image intensifier as in the prior art. Positioning can be performed reliably and smoothly even in cases where it is difficult to secure access space such as the hip joint.

Further, the solid state detector can be arranged inside the C-arm, and the slide rail can be extended. As a result, the range of the slide rotation angle is widened, and a deep angle can be set according to the case.

Further, while keeping this slide stroke, the shape of the C-arm holder can be made rotationally symmetrical with the main shaft, so that isocentric rotation is possible. As a result, the displacement of the center of slide rotation due to the rotation of the spindle is eliminated, so that interference with the device legs is reduced, and the device can be shortened.
The operability is improved, and the operation can be smoothly performed.

Further, a stereoscopic image can be displayed by capturing an image obtained by the slide rotation together with the position information and reconstructing the image information three-dimensionally. The slide rotation angle does not need to be 360 °,
What is necessary is just “180 ° + X-ray cone beam angle”. Interpolation of the 180 ° not photographed is performed with the photographed image. And
The necessary slide angle can be obtained by extending the required amount of the slide rail of the C-arm as described above.

Further, by unifying the imaging surface shape during the fluoroscopy and the imaging operation into a rectangular shape, it is not necessary to switch the shape of the X-ray shielding mask.

<When mainly applied to a stationary type device for a circulatory organ> Solid-state detection is performed by using a thin and small solid-state detector as X-ray detection means instead of a long and heavy image intensifier as in the conventional case. The container can be arranged inside the C-arm, so that it is not necessary to provide a relief hole for the optical head in the C-arm. As a result, the slide rail of the C arm can be extended, the range of the slide rotation angle can be widened, and a deep angle can be set according to the case. Further, it is possible to use the overtube while securing a wide SID (distance between the X-ray focal point and the detection surface).

Further, since the solid state detection unit is small and lightweight, a space for disposing the vertical movement mechanism of the solid state detection unit can be secured in an area where the solid state detection unit does not interfere with the subject, and the vertical movement mechanism itself can be downsized. be able to. As a result, the field of view of the operator is opened, and a sufficient working space can be secured.

Further, the shape of the solid-state detector is a flat or curved shape that is in close contact with the affected part, so that the influence of penumbra can be minimized.

Further, by making the monitor display surface the same rectangular shape, the image memory can be effectively used.

Further, by unifying the shape of the imaging plane during the fluoroscopy and the imaging into a rectangular shape, it is not necessary to switch the shape of the X-ray shielding mask.

[0049]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

<First Embodiment> First, the X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to the present invention can be applied to a portable holding apparatus as shown in FIG.

In FIG. 1, the portable holding device according to the first embodiment includes a main body 1, a horizontal support mechanism 2 provided on the main body 1, and a tip end of the horizontal support mechanism 2. The C-arm holder 3 is provided freely, and the C-arm 4 is provided so as to be slidable along the shape by the C-arm holder 3.

As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the main body 1 has a front leg 5 provided so as to protrude along the direction in which the C-arm 4 is provided, and a direction in which the C-arm 4 is provided. Each side leg 6 is provided so as to protrude from a substantially middle portion of the bottom surface portion of the main body 1 along a direction orthogonal to. A rotatable caster 7 is provided at the tip of each of the legs 5 and 6, and the portable holding device is movably supported by the caster 7.

At both ends of the C arm 4, an X-ray generator 8 and a plane detector 9 for X-ray detection are provided so as to face each other.

As shown in FIG. 4, the flat panel detector 9 senses light and generates a charge corresponding to the amount of incident light, and a capacitor (hereinafter referred to as a storage capacitor) for storing the charge from the photodiode 111. Is called)
It comprises a plurality of X-ray detection elements including a TFT (thin film transistor) 113 used as a switch for reading out the electric charge stored in the storage capacitor 112.

The connection point between the cathode terminal of the photodiode 111 and one terminal of the storage capacitor 112 is connected to a reverse bias power supply (-Vn).
A connection point between the anode terminal 11 and the other terminal of the storage capacitor 112 is connected to the source terminal of the TFT 113.

The X-ray flat panel detector 9 is configured by two-dimensionally arranging such X-ray detection elements in an array in columns and rows. Further, the TFT 113
Are commonly connected for each line, and are connected to each line output terminal of the gate driver 114.

From each line output terminal of the gate driver 114, a pulse-like control signal is sequentially output in a time sequence, and the TFTs 113 on the same line are simultaneously turned on by the pulse-like control signal. In operation, the TFTs 113 on different lines are turned on sequentially in time sequence.

The drain terminal of the TFT 113 is commonly connected to each column, and is connected to a read-out amplifier (Read-out A).
amplifier 107, a capacitor (hereinafter, referred to as a capacitor for time constant) 108, and a reset switch 109, which are connected to respective input terminals of a multiplexer 110 via an integration circuit.

The multiplexer 110 fetches signals input to the input terminals one by one in a time sequence during one pulse output from each line output terminal of the gate driver 114, and outputs the signals at the output terminals. Output from

Accordingly, the pulse control signal output from each line output terminal of the gate driver 114 causes
When the TFTs 113 in the line are simultaneously turned ON, the electric charge accumulated in the accumulation capacitor 112 is output via the TFT 113, and this current is converted into a voltage via an integrating circuit, and the current is converted by the multiplexer 110 one by one (1
(One pixel per line). When reading of one line is completed in this way, reading of the next line is started.

That is, like a scanning line of a television, one X-ray detecting element is provided for each line (one pixel at a time).
The detection signals are read in order and output as image data (video signals) for one screen.

Further, a phosphor for converting X-rays into light is formed in a layer on a two-dimensional array of the X-ray detecting elements. That is, as shown in FIG.
A gate electrode 122 is formed in a plurality of TFT regions on 21, and a SiNx layer 123 is formed thereon. This S
On the iNx layer 123, the a-Si layer 1
24, a drain electrode 125, and a source electrode 126 are formed. The drain electrode 125 and the source electrode 126 are connected via the a-Si layer 124 and are not directly connected.

Further, n ⁺ a-Si layers 127 and 128 are formed in gaps between the drain electrode 125 and the source electrode 126 and the a-Si layer 124, thereby forming a TFT in the TFT region. Is done.

On the other hand, the SiNx layer 123 and the source electrode 126 are formed in a plurality of PD regions on the support 121, and the n ⁺ layer 129, the i layer 130,
Photodiode 1 of Pin structure composed of P ⁺ layer 131
11 are formed.

A first polyimide resin layer 132 is formed on the plurality of TFTs, and a transparent electrode 133 is formed on the plurality of photodiodes 111. On the first polyimide resin layer 132, a metal electrode 134 connecting between the transparent electrodes 131 of each of the photodiodes is formed.

The transparent electrode 133 and the metal electrode 13
4, a second polyimide resin layer 135 is formed. On the second polyimide resin layer 135, a transparent protective film 136, a phosphor 137, and a light reflection layer 138 are formed.

The flat panel detector 9 having such a configuration is
The X-ray transmitted through the subject passes through the light reflection layer 138 from above and is incident on the phosphor 137. At this time, visible light incident from above is reflected by the light reflection layer 138 and is not incident on the phosphor 137.

The energy of the incident X-ray is converted into light energy (visible light) by the phosphor 137, and this visible light passes through the transparent protective film 136 and the second polyimide resin layer 135, and further passes through the transparent electrode 133. The light is received by a photodiode 111 sensitive to visible light.

The photodiode 111 changes the electric charge into an amount proportional to the energy of light, and the electric charge is stored in the storage capacitor 112. The accumulated electric charges are read out on a pixel basis for each line via the data line as described above. Since the read signal is proportional to the X-ray energy, an X-ray image can be reproduced by reconstructing the signal read in pixel units.

That is, from the flat panel detector 9, the TV
Controlled by a camera controller like a camera, signals of each pixel are sequentially output, and the signals are displayed as an image on a monitor device by the camera controller. Thus, the detected X-ray image can be displayed on the monitor device in real time, and can be stored in the storage medium as digital data.

Next, such a flat detector 9 is formed in a substantially rectangular shape of, for example, about 6 inches, and the width thereof is made substantially equal to the width of the C-arm 4 so as to reduce the thickness and size. Is planned. The overtube is provided inside the C-arm 4 so that its longitudinal direction is parallel to the floor 10 when the overtube is positioned.

By doing so, it is possible to eliminate a protruding portion such as the rear portion of the image intensifier on the back surface portion of the C arm 4 corresponding to the portion where the flat panel detector 9 is provided. Further, in the portable holding device, the slide rail 11 can be extended to the back surface corresponding to the portion of the C-arm 4 where the plane detector 9 is provided.

As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, the slide stroke is extended as shown in FIG. 1 by the slide rail 11 extending from the connection portion 4b to the X-ray generation section 8 to the tip 4a of the optical head. Can be.

Since the flat detector 9 which is a solid-state detector is provided as the X-ray detector, positioning can be performed reliably and smoothly even in a narrow part where it is difficult to secure an access space.

Here, when the slide stroke range is widened, a stereoscopic image can be displayed by taking in the image obtained by the slide rotation together with the position information and reconstructing the image information.

The slide rotation position information is, for example, C
In addition to providing a gear on the arm 4 to directly detect using a position detection component such as a potentiometer, when driving the slide rotation to drive, the rotation may be detected indirectly from a motor output shaft via a gear or the like.

From the image captured by this slide rotation, 3
A method for reconstructing a two-dimensional image will be described. For example, when considering the positional relationship between a bone and a surgical instrument (drill blade or the like), only two-dimensional image information can be obtained by imaging from one direction. In addition, the depth direction is not known, and the spatial relationship cannot be grasped spatially.

However, if there are two images whose photographing directions are orthogonal to each other, the relative positional relationship between the bone and the surgical instrument can be grasped without knowing the detailed shape of the subject.
By increasing this number, it becomes possible to grasp even the detailed shape of the subject. The three-dimensional reconstruction method at this time has already been established by a CT apparatus or the like. FilteredBa
The ck Projection method can be used as it is.

That is, in the case of the portable holding device, C
A plurality of images may be captured while the arm 4 is slid and rotated, a specific filter may be applied to the images, and each image may be added according to the slide angle.

It is generally known that if image information of 0 ° to 180 ° + 'X-ray comb beam angle' can be obtained, a three-dimensional image can be reconstructed. It is not necessary to collect.

Since the portable holding device can obtain a three-dimensional reconstructed image as described above, it is possible to accurately grasp the spatial positional relationship between bones, tissues, and surgical instruments, and to perform surgery accurately. It can be possible to proceed smoothly.

Further, since the flat detector 9 has a rectangular shape, it is not necessary to switch the X-ray shielding mask between fluoroscopy and radiography, thereby simplifying the configuration and operation of the apparatus. it can. Further, since the display device has the same rectangular shape as the display screen of the monitor device, the image memory can be effectively used, and the adverse effect of penumbra can be prevented to prevent image distortion.

<Second Embodiment> According to the portable holding device according to the above-described first embodiment, a thin and small flat detector 9 is provided as an X-ray detection unit, so that space is saved. Positioning can be performed reliably and smoothly even in cases where access is difficult, but when considering hip joint fluoroscopy, it is necessary to set the flat panel detector 9 in the groin. Positioning (CAU 90 °) at this time is difficult in the portable holding device according to the first embodiment because the X-ray generator 8 and the C-arm holder 3 interfere with each other to limit the slide stroke. Become.

For this reason, in the portable holding device according to the second embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG.
When the positioning was performed, the flat panel detector 9 was positioned at the hip joint of the subject.

That is, the positions of the X-ray generator 8 provided at one end of the C-arm 4 and the plane detector 9 provided at the other end are reversed, and the X-ray generator 8 is connected to the other end of the C-arm 4. It is provided at one end, and the flat panel detector 9 is provided at one end of the C-arm 4.

As a result, as shown in FIG.
When the X-ray positioning is performed, the X-ray generator 8 can be positioned at the escape portion 3a of the C-arm holder 3, and the positioning can be performed. The same effect as that of the portable holding device can be obtained.

<Third Embodiment> Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
The portable holding device according to the embodiment will be described.

In the description of the portable holding device according to the third embodiment, the same reference numerals are used to indicate the same operations as those of the portable holding device according to the first and second embodiments. And duplicate explanations are omitted.

That is, in the portable holding device according to the first and second embodiments, the escape portion 3
However, the portable holding device according to the third embodiment has a C-arm holder along the main shaft rotation axis of the horizontal support mechanism as shown in FIG. 20 are provided to support the C-arm 4.

This C-arm holder 20 is shown in FIG.
(B) Slide rail 1 provided on C arm 4
7, the supporting portions 20a and 20b are provided so as to have a predetermined length and a symmetrical shape with respect to the main shaft rotation axis as shown in FIG. Has become. This can be made possible by providing the above-described flat panel detector 9 as an X-ray detector.

That is, since the flat panel detector 9 can be made thinner and smaller, it can be provided inside the C-arm 4. For this reason, it is not necessary to consider the interference between the flat panel detector 9 and the C-arm holder 20, and the C-arm holder 20 can be formed in a shape symmetrical with the main shaft rotation axis.

As a result, as shown in FIG. 7, the center of gravity of the slide and the center of rotation can be set on the main shaft rotation axis. For this reason, the C-arm 4 can be made to rotate in an isocentric manner. As a result, useless movement of the apparatus can be eliminated, interference between the front legs 5 and the X-ray generator 8 can be reduced, and the apparatus can be significantly reduced in size.

<Fourth Embodiment> Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
The portable holding device according to the embodiment will be described.

According to the portable holding device according to the third embodiment described above, it is possible to perform isocentric rotation, eliminate useless movement of the device, reduce the interference area, and reduce the size of the device. CAU90
It is difficult to perform the positioning by the angle of ° because there is no escape portion 3a of the X-ray generator 8 as shown in FIG.

Therefore, in the portable holding device according to the fourth embodiment, as shown in FIG.
The diameter of the C-arm 4 is increased and the X-ray generator 8
Was arranged inside the C-arm 4. Then, a slide rail 11 of the C arm is extended on the back surface of the C arm 4, and the slide rail 11 is moved from one end 4 a to the other end 4 b of the C arm 4.
Up to.

Thus, the slide stroke can be increased, and it is possible to cope with various cases that cannot be applied.

Further, a slide stroke of “180 ° + X-ray cone beam angle” can be easily obtained, and a stereoscopic view by three-dimensional reconstruction can be easily realized.

Further, since the isocentric rotation can be performed, the region of interest of the subject in the initial position does not deviate from the X-ray irradiation field even when the slide rotation and the spindle rotation are performed. The area can always be displayed on the monitor device.

Here, from the viewpoint of the image quality and the photographing magnification, the SI
It is desirable to make D (the distance between the X-ray focal point and the detection surface) variable. This can be achieved by providing a vertical drive mechanism 25 for vertically driving the flat panel detector 9 as shown in FIG.

As the vertical drive mechanism 25, for example, if a (counter) weight having a weight corresponding to the plane detector 9 is provided and combined with the plane detector 9 by a wire pulley or the like to achieve balance, regardless of the C-arm position, Manual operation can be enabled. The vertical drive mechanism 25
Is provided on the one end 4a side of the C-arm 4, so that the slide rotation can be balanced.

Also, with respect to the X-ray generator 8, the rotation of the slide can be easily balanced by making the generator 8 an asymmetric shape extending toward the other end 4 b of the C-arm 4. .

<Fifth Embodiment> Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
The portable holding device according to the embodiment will be described.

In the description of the portable holding device according to the fifth embodiment, the same reference numerals are given to portions showing the same operations as those of the portable holding device according to each of the above-described embodiments, and the description will be repeated. Is omitted.

The portable holding device according to the fifth embodiment comprises a C-arm 4 and a first holder 3 as shown in FIG.
A second holder 31 is provided between the second holder 31 and the second holder 31. The first holder 30 extends downward with a predetermined diameter larger than the C-arm 4.

As shown in FIG. 11A, the C-arm 4 is supported by a second holder 31 so as to be slidable, and the second arm 31 is also slidably supported by a second holder 31. It is supported by one holder 30.

Specifically, the C arm 4 and the first holder 3
The friction roller 40 and the belt 4 shown in FIG. 11B are sectional views taken along the line BB of FIG.
When the C-arm 4 is slid and rotated, the second holder 31 is also slid and rotated in the same direction. When the C-arm 4 reaches the stroke end, the second holder 31 also moves to the stroke end. The gear ratio is set to reach.

The balance of the slide rotation takes into consideration not only the C arm 4 alone, but also the second holder 31, so that the C arm 4 can be set in the most balanced state in the movable range.
The arm shape and the mounting position of the imaging system are determined.

In the portable holding device according to the fifth embodiment, the C-arm holder has a so-called double-slide structure, so that the slide stroke can be increased, and various unusable types can be used. In addition to being able to respond to cases, it is possible to enable stereoscopic vision by three-dimensional reconstruction, and it is possible to obtain the same effects as those of the portable holding device according to each of the above-described embodiments.

<Sixth Embodiment> In the description of each of the above embodiments, the X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to the present invention is applied to a portable holding apparatus. It can also be applied to a mold holding device.

The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to the present invention is not limited to a ceiling-suspended stationary holding apparatus described below,
The present invention is also applicable to a floor-standing stationary device.

In the description of the stationary holding device according to the sixth embodiment, the same reference numerals are given to the portions exhibiting the same operations as those of the portable holding device according to each of the above embodiments, and the description will be repeated. Is omitted.

The stationary holding apparatus according to the sixth embodiment includes a ceiling mounting section 51 mounted on a ceiling 50 such as an operating room as shown in FIG.
And a C-arm 4 provided on a side opposite to the ceiling of the L-arm 52 via a rotation support member 53.
Are provided.

The L-arm 52 is provided with a plurality of rollers, and these rollers sandwich (or stretch) the slide rail provided on the C-arm 4 to form a slide rotation path. I have.

The X arm described above is attached to both ends of the C arm 4.
The line generator 8 and the plane detector 9 are provided so as to face each other.

The C-arm 4 is provided with an up-down movement mechanism 54, which controls the up-down movement within the range inside the C-arm 4 without projecting the flat panel detector 9 to the ceiling 50 side. It has become.

On the back side of the C arm 4 (the side in contact with the rotation support member 53),
A slide rail 11 for sliding the C-arm 4 from one end 4a to the other end 4b is provided.

Further, switching to a film changer (PUCK) is possible so as to be compatible with film shooting, and by switching between the plane detector 9 and PUCK,
Shooting can be performed as needed.

The irradiation field differs between the fluoroscopy and the radiography, and the fluoroscopy or radiography is performed by switching the X-ray shielding mask to a circular or rectangular shape depending on the case.

The vertical movement mechanism 54 can move the flat panel detector 9 closer to (near) or away from the subject (away) in accordance with the part to be viewed and the purpose of diagnosis, thereby changing the SID. It has become possible.

In such a stationary holding device, a thin and small flat detector 9 which is a solid-state detector is provided as an X-ray detector. For this reason, the flat detector 9 is connected to the C-arm 4
And the slide rail 11 of the C arm 4 can be provided from one end 4a to the other end 4b of the C arm 4. For this reason, the sliding rotation movable range of the C arm 4 can be extended from one end 4a of the C arm 4 to the other end 4b.

Further, since the flat panel detector 9 is lightweight, it is possible to easily provide a weight in consideration of the slide rotation balance.

That is, the C-arm has a hollow portion for the purpose of weight reduction, and the hollow portion is used to supply power and signal cables for the flat panel detector 9, iris, TV camera and the like. . C to increase slide stroke
When the arm 4 is extended, the hollow portion also increases, so by providing a necessary amount of weight in this portion,
The rotation of the slide can be balanced.

The weight is not limited to the inside of the C-arm 4 but may be provided near the detector.

Further, since the flat detector 9 can be formed extremely thin, the vertical movement stroke of the flat detector 9 can be increased.

That is, the vertical movement stroke of the flat panel detector 9 is set such that the flat panel detector 9 is moved closer to the subject (near) or separated from the subject (awa) in accordance with the part to be viewed and the purpose of diagnosis.
y) to change the SID.

The vertical movement mechanism 54 of the flat panel detector 9 is arranged inside the C-arm 4 so as not to hinder the slide rotation, and the C-arm is moved so as to avoid interference with the subject as much as possible. It will be arranged inside the arm 4. In order to avoid interference with the subject as much as possible, it is required that the flat panel detector 9 be placed away from the most retracted position on the away side.

As described above, the installation space of the vertical movement mechanism 54 is limited, but in the stationary holding device,
Since the plane detector 9 is used, the C-arm 4
A sufficient space between the sensor and the plane detector 9 can be ensured, and not only lateral holding but also upper holding can be performed. Further, the holding mechanism requires only low strength, and the power capacity can be reduced. As a result, the vertical movement stroke can be increased, and the SID variable range can be expanded.

Further, since the flat detector 9 does not protrude toward the ceiling 50 due to the vertical movement of the flat detector 9, this vertical movement can be performed only inside the C arm 4.
When positioning the arm, it is not necessary to consider the interference (contact) between the flat panel detector 9 and the floor 55, so that the interference control system can be simplified and the C arm 4 can be positioned at high speed. it can. Further, the vertical movement of the flat panel detector 9, which is often brought into close contact with the subject, can be limited to only when the operator desires, so that the safety of the stationary holding device can be improved.

Since the flat detector 9 does not protrude toward the ceiling 50 due to the vertical movement of the flat detector 9, the distance between the C-arm 4 and the L-arm 52 can be reduced. As a result, the installation type holding device can be installed in a narrow room with a low ceiling, which has not been able to be introduced until now, due to installation space restrictions.

Conventionally, the rotational balance of each of the image intensifiers is lost due to the vertical movement of the image intensifiers. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a rotational power in consideration of the torque fluctuation. There is almost no torque fluctuation due to up and down movement, each rotation operation is stable, and high-speed positioning of the C-arm with small power can be made possible.

Further, the image input surface of the image intensifier has a spherical shape. Even if the image intensifier is in close contact with an affected part, a gap is formed at the periphery of the image intensifier, and there are problems such as the influence of penumbra and image distortion. However, the shape of the plane detector 9 is
The surface in close contact with the affected part can be formed into a flat shape or a curved shape, and the influence of penumbra can be minimized.

Further, by making the shape of the flat panel detector 9 the same rectangular shape as the monitor display surface, the image memory can be effectively used. Furthermore, by unifying the imaging surface shape in the case of fluoroscopy and the shape of the imaging surface in the case of taking a photograph, switching of the shape of the X-ray shielding mask can be unnecessary.

Finally, in each of the above-described embodiments, the plane detector 9 is used as the solid-state detector for X-ray detection. This is, for example, formed by arranging a plurality of CCD image sensors. It is also possible to use ones, and it is needless to say that various modifications can be made according to the design and the like within a range not departing from the technical idea according to the present invention.

[0134]

The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to the present invention can obtain a higher quality image than the optical head of the image intensifier by using the solid state detector as the X-ray detecting means.

Also, since digital photographing can be performed instead of cassette photographing, there is no need to replace the cassette, and the image can be viewed immediately after photographing.

[0136] By making the shape of the solid state detector a flat or curved quadrilateral in close contact with the affected part, the influence of penumbra can be minimized and the image quality can be improved.

Further, it is possible to photograph the same image as seen in fluoroscopy, and it is not necessary to switch the X-ray shielding mask between fluoroscopy and radiography.

Therefore, the configuration of the apparatus itself can be simplified and operability can be improved.

The effects of applying the X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to the present invention to a portable holding apparatus and a stationary holding apparatus will be described below.

<Effect when applied to portable holding device>
Since the solid state detector is thin and compact, it can be applied to cases where it is difficult to secure an access space, and can perform reliable and high-speed positioning.

Further, the solid state detector can be arranged inside the C-arm, and the C-arm can be extended correspondingly. As a result, the slide rotation angle range is widened, and a deep angle can be set according to the case.
The arm rotation interference region is alleviated, various rotation balances can be easily obtained, and isocentric rotation is possible, so that the device can be significantly reduced in size.

Further, by collecting image information obtained by the rotation of the slide together with the positional information and performing three-dimensional reconstruction, stereoscopic vision becomes possible, and the spatial positional relationship between bones, tissues, and surgical instruments can be well understood, and surgery can be performed. It is possible to proceed accurately and smoothly.

<Effects when Applied to Stationary Device> Since the solid state detector is thin and compact, the solid state detector can be arranged inside the C arm, and the C arm can be extended. As a result, the range of the slide rotation angle is widened, and a deep angle can be set according to the case.

Further, since the solid state detector does not jump out of the C-arm, the interference area is alleviated, and high-speed positioning of the C-arm becomes possible. Further, the X-ray diagnostic apparatus can be installed in a room with a low ceiling or the like, which cannot be installed until now.

Since the solid state detector is small and lightweight, a large vertical movement stroke can be taken, the mechanism can be reduced, the field of view of the operator can be opened, and a sufficient working space can be secured.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a portable holding device according to a first embodiment to which an X-ray diagnostic apparatus of the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a front view and a top view of the portable holding device according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a slide rail provided on a C-arm of the portable holding device according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a flat panel detector provided in the portable holding device according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a configuration of the flat panel detector.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a portable holding device according to a second embodiment to which the X-ray diagnostic apparatus of the present invention is applied.

FIG. 7 is a side view of a portable holding device according to a third embodiment to which the X-ray diagnostic apparatus of the present invention is applied.

FIG. 8 is a front view and a top view of a portable holding device according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a side view of a portable holding device according to a fourth embodiment to which the X-ray diagnostic apparatus of the present invention is applied.

FIG. 10 is a side view of a portable holding device according to a fifth embodiment to which the X-ray diagnostic apparatus of the present invention is applied.

FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a connection relationship between a C-arm and first and second holders provided in a portable holding device according to a fifth embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a side view of a stationary holding device according to a sixth embodiment to which the X-ray diagnostic apparatus of the present invention is applied.

FIG. 13 is a side view of a conventional portable holding device.

FIG. 14 is a view for explaining a slide rail provided on a C-arm of a conventional portable holding device.

FIG. 15 is a view for explaining a slide stroke of a conventional portable holding device.

FIG. 16 is a side view of a conventional stationary holding device.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a state in which a narrow portion such as a crotch joint is photographed by a conventional portable holding device.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Main body, 2 ... Horizontal support mechanism, 3 ... Arm holder, 4 ...
C-arm, 5 front leg 6 side leg, 7 caster, 8 X-ray generator, 9 flat detector, 10 floor 11 slide rail, 52 L arm, 54 vertical movement mechanism

Claims (13)

[Claims] 1. An X-ray diagnostic apparatus comprising an X-ray generating unit and an X-ray detecting unit disposed opposite to each other at both ends of a C-arm, wherein a solid-state detector is used as the X-ray detecting unit. X-ray diagnostic device. 2. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the solid state detector is disposed inside a C-arm. 3. A slide rail for slidably rotating the C-arm along its shape is provided on the rear surface of the C-arm, and extends to a tip end where the solid state detector is provided. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: 4. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a weight for balancing the C-arm slide rotation and the main shaft rotation is provided inside the C-arm on which the slide rail is extended. . 5. The solid-state detector according to claim 1, wherein an incident surface of the X-ray is a flat surface or a curved surface.
The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 3. 6. The X-ray diagnosis according to claim 1, wherein said solid-state detector has a rectangular X-ray incident surface. apparatus. 7. The C-arm according to claim 1, wherein said C-arm is movable by a caster provided on a main body. Item 7. An X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to Item 6. 8. The C-arm having a horizontal support mechanism provided on the main body, a center of gravity located on a main shaft rotation axis of the horizontal support mechanism, and a C-arm slide rotation center.
The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the X-ray diagnostic apparatus is supported by an arm holder. 9. The C-arm is supported by an intermediate holder that enables the C-arm to slide, and the C-arm allows the intermediate holder to slide.
The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the X-ray diagnostic apparatus is supported by an arm holder. 10. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 9, wherein a tip portion of the C-arm holder extends by a predetermined length along the shape of the C-arm. 11. The solid-state detector has a width substantially equal to a width of a C-arm.
The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 9. 12. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an up-down movement mechanism which allows the solid-state detector to move up and down inside the C-arm. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 1. 13. The solid state detector according to claim 1, wherein said solid state detector is a flat panel detector. X according to claim 8, claim 9, claim 10, claim 11, or claim 12.
X-ray diagnostic device.