JPH1018667A - Handle device for door - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve operationability by making a rod-shaped handle, a lever, a cam, etc., being housed in an escutcheon and having a specified structure and a latch lock for a door coorperate. SOLUTION: When the upper section of an external handle 21 is pulled in the direction of door opening when a door is opened, a lever 17 is rotated in the clockwise direction, and a sliding plate 31 on the upper side is drawn up. Consequently, cans 37 and a spindle 41 are turned in the clockwise direction and a hub 46 is revolved in the same direction, the pushing projection of the hub 46 pushes a push block and extrudes a latch bolt from a style side, and the door can be opened. When the lower section of the handle 21 is pulled, a sliding plate 31 on the lower side is moved downwards, and the cans 37 and the spindle 41 are rotated in the clockwise direction and the door can be opened similarly. When the intermediate section of the handle 21 is drawn, the above- mentioned operation is conducted simultaneously. Even when an internal handle 21' is pushed, the same operation is performed. Accordingly, the door can be opened smoothly by single operation, and appearance can be improved.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a door handle for opening and closing a door.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a general door handle device, the tip of a lever handle or a knob (hereinafter referred to as a handle) provided on the outside and inside surfaces of a door is pivotally attached to a lock case of a door latch lock. When the handle is rotated and the handle is rotated, the hub rotates to drive the latch bolt in the immersion direction, and the latch bolt protruding from the lock case and engaging with the strike of the frame is inserted into the lock case. Immerse yourself in, so you can open the door.

In order to open a closed door, two operations are required: turning the handle to retract the latch bolt, and opening the door while holding the handle in a rotated state. There is a push-pull type handle device that simplifies the door opening operation by integrating these two operations.

FIG. 13 is a front view for explaining an example of a push-pull type handle device. An escutcheon E is fixed to a surface near an end surface of a door D, and a pair of upper and lower ends having one end pivotally mounted inside the escutcheon E is shown. The handle L of the lever L is fixed to the other end protruding from the escutcheon E. Handle H
Is formed in the shape of a vertically long bar, for the purpose of beautifying the appearance of the door D, and because the region for gripping the handle H becomes longer, and the operation of the handle H becomes easier.

While the door is closed, the tip of the latch bolt R protruding from the front surface of the lock case C is engaged with a strike (not shown) hole provided on the surface of the frame to keep the door closed. pull the handle H ₁ in the opening direction F (or the press the opposite side of the handle H _2), immersed in the latch bolt R is the lock case C, opened door D which under the force of the opening direction F is intact It is.

[0006]

The handle device of this type has the following problems. (1) pulls the handle H ₁ when rotated the handle H ₁ is the arrow G _1, the handle H ₂ Press handle H ₂ is rotated in the arrow G _2, arrow G _1, G ₂ and the opening direction Therefore, there is a problem that the external force generated by the mismatch of the directions is applied to the hands holding the handles H ₁ and H ₂ (FIG. 14).
reference).

(2) When the door is opened by grasping the substantially central area in the longitudinal direction of the handles H ₁ and H ₂ , the opening force is substantially divided into a pair of upper and lower levers L. Although it is smooth and light, when the door is opened by gripping one end of the handles H ₁ and H ₂ , it is difficult for the rotating power to be transmitted to the other lever L. There is an inconvenience that the opening of the door becomes heavy. An object of the present invention is to provide a door handle device in which a push-pull type handle is formed into a beautifully shaped bar shape so that the door can be opened easily regardless of where the handle is held. .

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, a door handle device of the present invention is fixed to a surface of a door, and a handle insertion hole penetrates through lever housing chambers formed at both ends. An escutcheon in which a cam housing chamber is provided in the center, a handle formed in a rod shape, and a connecting shaft inserted into the handle insertion hole protruding at both ends, and a lever insertion hole provided in the connection shaft; A lever pivotally attached to the storage chamber and having two arms, one arm of which is engaged with the lever insertion hole, a lever spring for urging the one arm in a direction opposite to the door opening, and the cam A cam provided with engaging projections on both sides of a spindle insertion hole pivotally mounted on the accommodation chamber and provided at the center of rotation, and one side engaged with the other arm of the lever, slidably provided in the escutcheon, The other side is on the engagement protrusion And a slide plate that case, the end of the spindle which engages with the spindle insertion hole engageably inserted into the hub of the door latch lock.

The latch lock comprises a strike with a latch having a latch bolt urged in a direction protruding from a surface of the strike fixed to the frame, and a lock device provided on a door. A lock case having a latch engagement hole into which the tip of the latch bolt engages when the door is closed, and a push projection provided on the outer peripheral surface rotatably provided in the lock case, and the rotation center at the rotation center. A door latch lock comprising a hub engaged with a spindle and a push block that moves in a direction in which the tip of the latch bolt is pushed out of the latch engagement hole when pushed by the pushing projection. be able to.

[0010] Alternatively, the door latch lock includes a lock case embedded in an end face of the door, a latch bolt urged in a direction protruding from a front surface of the lock case, and a rotatable inside the lock case. A hub provided with a pushing protrusion on an outer peripheral surface, the spindle being engaged with the center of rotation, the hub engaging with the latch bolt, and the latch bolt being pressed by the pushing projection, the latch bolt being used as the lock case. And a retractor that retracts in the direction of immersion into the lock case. The retractable retractor retracts the latch bolt into the lock case.

[0011]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a main part of an upper half of a door handle device, and FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the upper half of the door handle device, FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line XX of FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line YY of FIG. is there. As shown in FIG. 2, an outdoor escutcheon 1 and an indoor escutcheon 2 are fixed to surfaces on the outdoor side and the indoor side of the door D.

Since the structure of the indoor escutcheon 2 is the same as that of the outdoor escutcheon 1, the outdoor escutcheon 1 will be described. The outdoor escutcheon 1 has a mounting surface 3 for opening to the door D, and the outer surface of the outdoor escutcheon 1 is provided with bulging portions 4 at both upper and lower ends, and the outer surface of the bulging portion 4 extends vertically. A long concave groove 5 is provided, a housing space 7 into which the inner case 6 is inserted is formed inside the bulging portion 4, and a screw hole 9 is provided in a fitting step 8 provided on the mounting surface 3 ( (See FIG. 1).

The inner case 6 has a flange 10 formed by cutting and raising both side walls and projecting outward.
Holes 11 are provided at both ends of the inner case. After the flange 10 is fitted into the fitting step 8, the screw 12 inserted into the hole 11 is screwed into the screw hole 9 of the fitting step 8, whereby the inner case is formed. 6
Is fixed to the outdoor escutcheon 1 (see FIGS. 1 and 4).

A lower wall 13 is provided which is bent inward from lower ends of both side walls of the inner case 6 (see FIG. 3).
Has an opening 14 in the front wall 6a opposite to the flange 10, and a shaft insertion hole 15 passing through both side walls.
A square hole 16 is provided below the flange 10, and a lever housing 18 in which a lever 17 described below is rotatably housed is formed inside the inner case 6. Both ends of the support shaft 19 are fitted into the shaft insertion hole 15, and a central portion of the support shaft 19 is
A lever 17 having two arms 17a and 17b is pivotally connected (see FIGS. 1 and 3).

The groove 5 of the outdoor escutcheon 1 is provided with a handle insertion hole 20 communicating with the accommodation space 7 from outside (see FIG. 3), and protrudes from the outer peripheral surface at the upper and lower ends of a rod-shaped outer handle 21. The connecting shaft 22 is attached to the handle insertion hole 2
0 and inserted into the lever housing chamber 18 through the opening 14,
One arm 17a of the lever 17 engages with the lever insertion hole 23 provided in the connection shaft 22.

The lever spring 2 wound around the support shaft 19
4 has one end 24a pressed against the inner case 6a and the other end 24b
Is locked to the other arm 17b of the lever 17. Therefore,
The lever (right lever in FIG. 3) 17 in the lever accommodating chamber 18 of the outdoor escutcheon 1 is urged counterclockwise on the right side in FIG. The outdoor handle 21 having the connecting shaft 22 pulled by the one arm 17a contacts the concave portion 5 (see FIG. 3).

On the other hand, the lever 17 'on the indoor side has a symmetrical shape with the lever 17 on the outdoor side.
7'a is inserted into the lever insertion hole 23 'of the connecting shaft 22' of the indoor side handle 21 '. The indoor side lever spring 24 ′ wound around the indoor side support shaft 19 ′ has one end 2.
4'a is pressed against the lower wall 13 'of the inner case 6'
4'b is locked to one arm 17'a of the lever 17 ', so that the lever 17' is urged in the counterclockwise direction to
Since the 2 'is pushed outward, the other configuration in which the indoor handle 21' is biased away from the concave groove 5 'of the indoor escutcheon 2 is the same as the outdoor structure (see Fig. 3).

One end of the coupling shaft 25 is provided with a screw 26 on the inner surface of the bulging portion 4 of the outdoor escutcheon 1 which comes into contact with the surface of the door D.
And the other end of the connecting shaft 25 is fixed to the inner surface of the upper wall of the bulging portion 4 of the indoor side escutcheon 2 by the screw 27 (see FIG. 3). A convex portion 28 is provided at a central portion in the longitudinal direction of the outdoor escutcheon 1, and protrusions 29
Is provided (see FIG. 1).

The sub-case 30 mounted on the inner surface of the central portion of the outdoor escutcheon 1 is formed in a box shape having an open mounting surface, and the upper wall 30a and the lower wall 30b are formed on both side walls 30.
Since c is shorter than c, a gap is formed between the outdoor escutcheon 1 and a slide plate 31 to be described later is inserted (see FIGS. 1 and 3). The sub-case 30 is provided with a hole 32 facing the projection 28 of the outdoor escutcheon 1 and a hole 33 facing the projection 29, and a screw 34 inserted into the hole 33 is provided on the surface of the projection 29. By screwing into the screw hole 35, the sub case 30 is fixed to the central portion of the outdoor escutcheon 1, and the cam housing chamber 36 is formed inside the sub case 30 (see FIGS. 1 and 3).

Cam 37 inserted into sub case 30
The shaft portion 39 provided on the circular plate portion 38 is inserted into the hole 32 of the sub case 30. A square hole-shaped spindle insertion hole 40 penetrates through the center of rotation of the cam 37, and one end of a square shaft-shaped spindle 41 is inserted into one of the spindle insertion holes 40, and the convex portion 28 of the outdoor escutcheon 1 is inserted from the other. Is inserted (see FIGS. 1 and 3).

The other end of the spindle 41 is connected to the cam 3 on the indoor side.
7 is inserted into the spindle insertion hole 40 of the
The center of the lock case A passes through a square hole provided in the hub 46 in the lock case A (see FIG. 3). The cam 37 is provided with engagement projections 42 on both sides of the shaft 39, and the engagement projection 42 on the left in FIG. 6 engages with an engagement recess 43 formed at the lower end of the upper slide plate 31.

The right engagement projection 42 engages with the engagement recess 43 of the lower slide plate 31 with the upper slide plate 31 turned upside down. Slide plate 3
The projection 29 is loosely fitted into the vertically long hole 54 provided in the
9 regulates the moving direction and the moving amount of the slide plate 31. At the upper end of the upper slide plate 31, a square hole 44 into which the tip of the other arm 17b of the upper lever 17 is engaged.
Is provided. The lower slide plate 31 also has a square hole 4 into which the tip of the other arm 17b of the lower lever 17 engages.
4 are provided.

Therefore, a pair of upper and lower slide plates 31
When at least one of them moves in the direction of the bulging portion 4 along the inner surface of the outdoor escutcheon 1 by the rotation of the lever 17, the engaging concave portion 43
2 are pushed in the same direction, so that the cam 37 rotates clockwise in FIG.

The slide plate 31 'on the indoor side is different from the slide plate 31 on the outdoor side in that a push projection 45 is provided instead of the engaging recess 43 of the slide plate 31 on the outdoor side. is there. Therefore, when at least one of the pair of upper and lower indoor slide plates 31 ′ moves in a direction away from the bulging portion 4, the pushing projection 45 pushes the engaging projection 42 of the indoor cam 37 in the same direction. The cam 37 on the indoor side rotates in the same direction as the cam 37 on the outdoor side.

The door handle device configured as described above drives the door latch lock. The latch lock includes a special type latch lock A and a general type latch lock A ₁ . A description will be given of a special type latch lock A as an embodiment. The latch lock A of the first embodiment includes a strike 47 with a latch attached to a frame B and a lock device 4 embedded in an end face of a door D.
8 (see FIG. 11).

The strike 47 with a latch includes a strike box 49 buried in the surface of the frame B, a strike plate 50 attached to the front of the strike box 49 and provided with an opening (not shown) for latching and retracting, and a strike box 49 inside the strike box 49. And a latch bolt 51 whose one end is urged in a direction protruding from a latch projecting opening of the strike plate 50. At the tip of the latch bolt 51, an inclined surface 51a is formed on the side in the door opening direction, and the locking curved surface 51b is formed on the side in the door closing direction.
Is formed.

In the lock device 48, a latch engagement hole 55 into which the tip of the latch bolt 51 engages when the door is closed is provided in the front 53 which is the front wall of the lock case 52 embedded in the end face of the door D (FIG. 7). reference). The lock case 52 is inserted between the sub case 30 on the outside and the inside of the room, and the hub 46 inserted into the inside of the lock case 52 includes shaft portions 56 provided on both side surfaces.
Is rotatably inserted into a hole provided in the lock case 52 (see FIGS. 7 and 8).

Square hole 57 provided at the center of rotation of hub 46
The central part of the spindle 41 is inserted into the hub, and push projections 58 projecting in opposite directions to each other are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the hub.
A protrusion 59 is provided on the hub 46, and a protrusion 60 protruding from the inner surface of the lock case 52 is provided near the protrusion 59.
Since both ends of the hub spring 61 wound around the shaft 56 press the projections 59 and 60, the hub 46 is biased to the state shown in FIG.

The push block 62 inserted into the lock case 52 has a projection 64 that engages with a long hole 63 provided in the lock case, and a pushed portion 65 that contacts the pushing projection 58.
Having. A spring 68 is inserted between a spring accommodating recess 66 formed on both side surfaces of the push block 62 and a protrusion 67 protruding from the inner surface of the side wall of the lock case 52. Therefore, the push block 62 is urged in a direction in which the tip protrudes from the front 53 (see FIG. 9).

Next, the operation of the door handle device when the latch lock A of the first embodiment is provided will be described in the order of the open state, the closing operation, and the closed state. When the door D is open, the strike 47 with the latch
The front end of the push block 62 slightly protrudes from the front 53 as shown in FIG.

The outdoor handle 21 is in contact with the groove 5 of the outer escutcheon 1, and the indoor handle 21 'is separated from the groove 5 of the inner escutcheon 2 (see FIGS. 2 and 3). The upper half of the handle device will be described. Since the outdoor lever 17 is rotating counterclockwise, the outdoor slide plate 31 is at the lowered position and the cam 37
Are located at the solid line positions in FIG. Since the indoor side lever 17 is rotated counterclockwise, the indoor side slide plate 31 is at the raised position, and the pushing projection 45 is separated above the engagement projection 42 of the cam 37.

When closing the door D, the outer handle 21
Is pushed in the direction of pressing against the groove 5 of the outer escutcheon 1 and is pulled by the inner handle 21 ′ away from the groove 5 of the inner escutcheon 2, so that no change occurs in the handle device. When the door D is closed by grasping the outer handle 21 or the inner handle 21 ′, the latch bolt 51 hitting the door D rotates in a direction of immersing in the strike plate 50 (see FIG. 10), and the door D is fully closed. When the latch bolt 51 is released, the latch bolt 51 is
And the push block 62 pushed by the latch bolt 51 is retracted (see FIGS. 7 and 11).

When the door is closed, the latch bolt 51 is engaged in the latch engagement hole 55, so that the door is kept closed. In order to make it easy to understand the operation when the handle is operated in the door opening direction in the closed state, when the upper half of the outer handle 21 is gripped, when the lower half is gripped and operated,
A description will be given of a case where the operation is performed by gripping the upper half of the inner handle 21 'and a case where the operation is performed while gripping the lower half.

When the door D is pulled in the opening direction by grasping the upper half of the outer handle 21, the lever 17 rotates clockwise in FIG. 3 around the support shaft 19 and is pulled by the lever 17. The upper slide plate 31 pushes the left engagement projection 42 upward in FIG.
The cam 4 and the spindle 4
1 rotates clockwise. When the spindle 41 rotates clockwise, the hub 46 rotates in the same direction to push the projection 58.
Pushes the pushed portion 65 of the push block 62, the push block 62 moves in the direction of pushing out the latch bolt 51 (see FIG. 9), and the door can be opened.

When the operation is performed by grasping the lower half of the outer handle 21, the lower slide plate 31 pushes the right engagement projection 42 in FIG.
At the same time, the spindle 41 rotates clockwise, and the door can be opened similarly. When the middle portion of the outer handle 21 is gripped and operated, the operation of the upper half and the operation of the lower half are performed simultaneously.

When the upper half of the inner handle 21 'is pushed in the door opening direction, the lever 17' is rotated clockwise in FIG. The slide plate 31 'is lowered, and the pushing projection 45 is moved to the engagement projection 42 of the cam 37 on the indoor side (the engagement projection 4 on the right side in FIG. 6).
(Equivalent to 2) is pushed downward, and the cam 37 on the indoor side rotates the cam 37 on the outdoor side in the same direction, so that the door can be opened similarly.

When the lower half of the inner handle 21 'is pushed in the door opening direction, the lower slide plate 31' is raised, and the pushing projection 45 is engaged with the engagement projection 42 of the cam 37 on the indoor side.
(Corresponding to the engagement projection 42 on the right side in FIG. 6), so that the door can be opened similarly. Inner handle 21 '
When the operation is performed by grasping the middle part of the above, the operation of the upper half and the operation of the lower half are performed simultaneously.

The door D that can be opened is opened as it is under the force of the handle operation direction, so that the door opening operation is performed with one touch. Regardless of which of the outer handle 21 and the inner handle 21 ′ is operated in the door opening direction, the operation force is transmitted as a force for rotating the cam 37, so that the door opening operation is performed smoothly.

The door handle device of the present invention can also drive a common latch lock A ₁ as shown in FIG. 12.
The latch lock A ₁ is a lock case 69 buried in the end face of the door D.
The opening 70 for the latch coming and going is provided in the front 70 of the
A hole 73 is provided in a spring support wall 72 erected on the inner wall surface of the lock case 69.

The latch bolt 74 is provided at a head 75 inserted removably from the opening 71, a shaft 76 projecting rearward from the rear end face of the head and inserted through the hole 73, and a rear end of the shaft. A latch spring 78 inserted between the rear end face of the head and the spring support wall 72.
The head 75 is urged in a direction to protrude from the front 70.

A hub 79 is inserted into a hole provided in the lock case 69.
The shaft portion 80 is rotatably inserted, the spindle 41 is inserted into a square hole 81 provided at the center of rotation, two pushing projections 82 are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the hub 79, and the hub spring ( 12 (not shown).

Retractor 83 inserted into lock case 69
The retractor 83 can move toward and away from the front 70 because a spring 86 is inserted between the pin 85 and the elongated hole 84 erected on the inner wall surface of the lock case 69. The upright wall 87 formed at the rear end of the retractor 84 comes into contact with the pushing projection 82 of the hub 79. The shaft 76 of the latch bolt 74 is attached to the connecting wall 88 erected on the retractor 83.
Is provided.

In the closed state, the head 7 of the latch bolt 74
5 is engaged with the strike on the frame side, but when the spindle 41 is rotated by operating the door handle device,
Pushing projection 82 of hub 79 that rotates together with spindle 41
Pushes the upright wall 87 of the retractor 83, the retractor 83 retreats in a direction away from the front 70, and the latch bolt 74 pushed rearward by the connecting wall 88 separates from the strike and sinks into the front 70. Door becomes possible. The door D is opened as it is under the operating force of the door handle device.

[0044]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects. (1) On the door surface, only a vertical escutcheon with a simple shape and excellent aesthetics and a stick-shaped handle are attached,
Since there are no complicated shapes, the appearance of the door is beautiful. (2) Since the door is opened by a one-touch operation of simply pulling (or pushing) the outdoor handle or the indoor handle in the door opening direction, the door opening operation is simple and convenient. The cam rotates smoothly and the latch lock is unlocked even if the grip is operated by gripping any area of the rod-shaped outdoor handle or the indoor handle. Can be opened. (3) The door handle device of the present invention can be connected to any kind of latch lock.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view showing a main part of an upper half of a door handle device.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the entire door handle device as viewed from an end face side of the door.

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of an upper half portion of the door handle device.

4 is a sectional view taken along line XX of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line YY of FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a front view showing the inside of the cam accommodating chamber.

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of the latch device of the first embodiment in a closed state.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the arrangement of the sub case and the lock device.

9 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a state in which the handle of the lock device of FIG. 7 is operated.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a state in which the latch lock of the first embodiment is being closed.

11 is a transverse sectional view showing a state where the latch lock of FIG. 10 is closed.

FIG. 12 is a longitudinal sectional view of the latch lock according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a front view illustrating a conventional example of a push-pull type handle device.

FIG. 14 is a plan view of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

A, A ₁ latch lock D door 1 outdoor escutsion 2 indoor escutsion 5 concave groove 6 inner case 17, 17 'lever 18 lever storage chamber 20 handle insertion hole 21 outer handle 21' inner handle 22, 22 'connecting shaft 23, 23 'lever insertion hole 24, 24' lever spring 30 sub case 31 slide plate 36 cam receiving chamber 37 cam 41 spindle 42 engagement protrusion 43 engagement recess 46 hub 47 latched strike 48 locking device 51 latch bolt 55 latch engagement hole 58 Push projection 62 Push block 69 Lock case 70 Front 71 Latch opening 74 Latch bolt 79 Hub 82 Push projection 83 Retractor

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. An escutcheon in which a handle insertion hole penetrates a lever accommodating chamber formed at both ends and is fixed to a surface of a door, and a cam accommodating chamber is provided at a central portion. A connection shaft inserted into the handle insertion hole is protruded, a handle provided with a lever insertion hole in the connection shaft, and two arms pivotally attached to the lever storage chamber;
A lever having one arm engaged with the lever insertion hole, a lever spring for urging the one arm in a direction opposite to the opening of the door, and a spindle insertion pivotally mounted on the cam accommodating chamber and provided at a rotation center; A cam provided with engagement projections on both sides of the hole, and a slide plate provided slidably in the escutcheon, one side of which engages the other arm of the lever, and the other side engages with the engagement projection. A handle device for a door, wherein an end of the spindle that engages with the spindle insertion hole engages with a hub of a door latch lock. 2. The door latch lock according to claim 1, wherein the door lock comprises a strike with a latch having a latch bolt biased in a direction protruding from a surface of the strike fixed to the frame, and a lock device provided on the door. The lock device has a lock case having a latch engagement hole into which the tip of the latch bolt is engaged when the door is closed, and a push projection on an outer peripheral surface rotatably provided in the lock case, The hub is configured to be engaged with the spindle at the center of rotation, and the push block is configured to move the tip of the latch bolt out of the latch engagement hole when pushed by the pushing projection. The door handle device according to claim 1, wherein 3. The lock latch for a door, wherein the lock case is embedded in an end face of the door, a latch bolt urged in a direction protruding from a front surface of the lock case, and rotatably inserted into the lock case. A hub provided with a pushing projection on the outer peripheral surface, the spindle being engaged with the center of rotation, the latch engaging with the latch bolt, and the lock latch bolt being pushed by the pushing projection with the lock latch bolt in the case. 2. The door handle device according to claim 1, further comprising: a retractor that retreats in a direction of being retracted into the lock case, wherein the retracting of the retractor causes the latch bolt to enter the lock case.