JPH1018514A - Roof material - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve generating efficiency and reduce air conditioning cost by providing an air passage continued in the longitudinal direction on the back of a roof tile with solar cell module, roofing them on a roof at an air layer in between into two layers, and preventing the module from overheating. SOLUTION: Roof material of tile-shape mounted with a solar cell module 1 is roofed on a roof 3 roofed with ordinary roof tiles, slates, steel plates, or the like, while constituting double layer construction at an air layer 4 in between, and continuous air passages are formed in the longitudinal direction. A vent port 6 is provided with an opening/closing shutter 61 so as to be able to control the quantity of airflow. Further a blower sending or exhausting air against the air layer 4 is provided, the solar cell module 1 is prevented from heating, and in addition to melting fallen snow on the roof by heated air, it is utilized for air conditioning inside the building. It is constituted so that efficiency of the solar cell module is improved and the module can be easily exchanged. Hereby, the solar cell module 1 can be easily fitted.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a roofing material with a solar cell module for generating heat and generating electricity by using solar energy, and further relates to a device capable of controlling the temperature of a house by exchanging electric power and heat.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, roofing materials using solar cell modules have been difficult to install and repair, and have insufficient weather resistance against rain and wind. Therefore, there has been a demand for a roof material using a solar cell module which is easy to install and repair and has durability. Conventionally, there has been a problem that the power generation efficiency of the solar cell module is reduced due to overheating.

[0003] Further, a conventional house that is covered with slate, tin, and steel roofing materials has a drawback that it is hot in summer and cold in winter. The movement of heat in a house, that is, a change in room temperature, also occurs when the surface of the roofing material is heated or cooled by solar heat, atmospheric convection, wind, rain, snow, or the like. The room is cooled by heat conduction, radiation, and convection from the roof due to the temperature difference due to fog, frost, and a decrease in the outside air temperature at night. Accordingly, room temperature air conditioners and air conditioners have been developed, and the room temperature is currently being adjusted.

[0004] By the way, electric appliances are usually used for these air conditioners and air conditioners, but power consumption is low.
For example, there is a waste that the consumption amount in summer is peaked and the efficiency is low for heating in winter. Therefore, in recent years, the use of solar energy has begun to be seriously studied. For example, a scheme has been devised in which a solar cell module is supported and fixed to a roof material to generate power in-house and partially generate electric power.

[0005] A solar cell module fixed to a roofing material is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 61-194039 and Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 62-128.
The techniques and the like described in JP-A-653 and JP-A-6-44867 have been proposed.

[0006] That is, the conventional method and technology related to solar cells are a plurality of solar cell modules assembled by arranging solar cells of single crystal, polycrystal, etc., and reinforcing them with wiring interconnectors, tempered glass, aluminum frames and the like. The connected array is mounted on a traditional roof tile with a gantry. Also, as shown in Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 61-194039, a solar cell and a transparent protective plate covering the solar cell are made of clay, and the solar cell module is inserted into a roof tile or the like baked in a kiln. Roof tiles
As disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-128653, a solar cell panel in which a solar cell element is sealed in a space between a lower side of a transparent plate and a lid has been devised. In addition, as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 6-44867, a tile with a solar cell has been developed in which a solar cell is incorporated into an exposed surface of the tile, waterproofed with a sealing material, and a frame cover is integrated and integrated.

[0007] However, the above-described clay-baked roof tiles provided with a concave portion on the light-receiving surface and embedded with a solar cell protected by using a strengthened protective glass or the like include a clay roof tile or a cement roof, a transparent protection plate, and a solar protection panel. All the sealing materials to fix the battery,
Due to outdoor exposure, deterioration due to ultraviolet rays, acid rain, heat, icing, etc. occurs, and there is a problem in terms of long-term durability.

Further, in a panel enclosed in the space between the lower side of the transparent plate and the lid, moisture penetrates from the gap between the transparent plate and the lid, and the temperature rises. As night falls, condensation and freezing occur,
There is a disadvantage that the battery cell is damaged due to poor insulation.

Further, in the example of the roof tile with a solar cell integrated, when the solar cell is partially suppressed at the end of the opening,
Since the surface of the solar cell portion and the entire roof covering the frame cover are not kept at the same level due to the thickness of the frame cover, the opening becomes uneven, and water and dust easily accumulate in the solar cell portion. If the cover and the tile body are to be at the same level, there is a gap between the cover, the tile body, and the module that is a reinforced glass solar cell. It is deteriorated or hardened by ultraviolet rays, which leads to breakage of the battery cell itself.

By the way, solar cells are originally expensive and have high power generation costs. When modules are assembled into an array, the total output power is limited, the power generation efficiency is reduced, and the power generation efficiency is reduced. In the case of a roof tile-mounted solar cell or a roof tile with a solar cell, efficient wiring itself has limitations in taking out a lead wire, such as a storage space for a connector. In addition, there is a disadvantage that the temperature of the cell is raised to 60 ° C. or more due to the temperature and the heat generated by direct sunlight, so that the power generation efficiency is further significantly reduced. In addition, it is necessary to consider labor and cost for finding and repairing failures.

[0011]

According to the present invention, a roof with a solar cell module having a two-layer structure in which the bottom of a solar cell module 1 and a tile body 3 supported by a frame 2 are separated by an air layer is provided. With a solar cell module having a vertical continuous air layer between the solar cell module and the tile body, composed of a plurality of vertical tiles from top to bottom, formed by roofing on It is a roofing material, wherein the lower portion of the continuous air layer is configured to be openable and closable.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0012] The roofing material of the present invention is constituted by alternately combining tiles with integrated solar cell modules and round tiles. For example, in the roofing material of the present invention, the solar cell module 1 is supported by the frame 2, and the frame is placed on the top surface of the side wall 31 of the tile main body 3 having the side walls 31 at both ends and fixed to the tile main body 3, The module 1 and the bottom of the roof tile body 3 constitute a two-layer structure with an air layer therebetween.
This uses a roof tile in which a solar cell module is integrated. Here, the thickness of the air layer separating the module 1 from the bottom of the tile body 3 is preferably 10 to 50 mm, particularly preferably 10 to 30 mm. The tile body is keyed so that it does not fall down on the tile tile, and its ends are fixed to Nojizaka with stainless steel nails. Next, the round tile can be fitted over the connection portion of the fixed roof tile body to cover the connection portion.

[0013] By covering with a round tile, it is possible to reduce the wind hitting the tile body and to prevent rainwater from entering a connection portion of the tile body. Moreover, since the round tile is fitted between the tile bodies underneath, the structure is such that rainwater does not easily enter through a gap. In addition, the end face of the solar cell module can be covered so that rain and sunlight do not directly hit it.

The solar cell module 1 is sealed with a sealing material, for example, butyl rubber, silicon resin, or the like, between the metal frame 2 and waterproof, and fixed with the frame 2. The left and right vertical end faces of the frame are covered with a round tile made of clay.

At the connection between the tiles adjacent to each other in the left-right direction,
Space is provided for electrical wiring and connectors. Cover it with a roof tile and combine it. In this way, the connector and the electric wiring are accommodated in the connection part between the roof tile and the lower roof of the round roof tile, and the wiring is performed.

At the center of the roof tile body, a support base is provided which can provide a terminal box and simultaneously support a solar cell module. Lead wires emerge from both ends from the center of the support base through the back surface of the tile body.

The upper and lower photovoltaic modules have a structure in which they are tiered or butted.

The tile with the solar cell module used in the roofing material of the present invention is small and lightweight, and has a size of 40 cm square or less so that one piece can weigh 6 kg or less so that it can be easily carried. Since the temperature of the solar cell module rises in midsummer, it is possible to increase the power generation efficiency by opening the back surface and performing heat radiation cooling. In the case of collecting heat by flowing heat in a certain direction and using it for air conditioning inside a building, it is preferable to provide ventilation holes in the frame vertically. The weight can be reduced by using a rubber material or a synthetic resin material for the material of the roof tile.

Roof tiles baked using clay have a high degree of waterproofness and do not undergo strength reduction even below the freezing point. Highly elastic metal, rubber, plastic, or the like may be used as the material. In addition, the large-panel-type solar cell module has no roundness, and a metal plate easily generates a rain sound or a wind-cutting sound, but the roofing material of the present invention can be formed into a curved shape, which solves the problem. Things. According to the present invention, a double structure provided with an air layer (wind tunnel) absorbs the sound and noise of rain, but the effect becomes more remarkable when an elastic body such as a rubber material is used as a material.

The aesthetics of the roof is one of the important functions of the building. Therefore, by roofing the staggered roof, not only vertically and horizontally but also obliquely, the direction of the roof gives a three-dimensional beauty. The combination of the staggered arrangement makes the flow of the rainwater of the combination of the roofing material and the roofing material flat, so that it is possible to prevent the leakage of rain during heavy rain.

When synthetic resins and rubber materials are used as materials, flame retardants, foamed glass balls, and glass fibers can be added to these materials to enhance flame retardancy. Flame retardancy can be enhanced by mixing inorganic materials such as glass fibers and foamed glass particles.

By covering the periphery of the solar cell module with a metal molding or frame, a sealing material, an adhesive, a sealing material and the like are protected from ultraviolet rays, and deterioration is prevented.

Further, the inner frame for supporting the solar cell module from the back by the outer frame is fixed to the outer frame by a fitting structure of irregularities, so that it is easier to fix than using an adhesive and its durability is maintained. Dripping.

The rubber material or the synthetic resin material has weather resistance,
There is a disadvantage of poor fire resistance, but by protecting this surface with a thin steel plate, stainless steel plate or steel plate,
Weather resistance and fire resistance are enhanced. In addition, the strength can be increased by bonding a steel plate or vulcanizing rubber by heat and simultaneously bonding by heat.

When an outer frame made of metal or clay is used, a sealing material or a sealing tape is attached to an outer frame smaller than the surface dimensions of the solar cell module, and the solar cell module is pressed against the outer frame. By combining the outer frame with a sealing material, it is possible to increase the waterproofness and at the same time protect the structure from ultraviolet rays.

[0026]

【Example】

Example 1 FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an example in which a tile in which a solar cell module is integrated is roofed, and a continuous air layer 4 is formed between the layer of the solar cell module 1 and the bottom of the tile body 3. The connection part of the tile main body 3 is covered with a round tile. In the figure, the tiles are nailed through a nail hole in the field board 72 on the field tree 71, and the projections of the tile are hung on the tile bar 73 hit against the field board, and the tile slips down due to an earthquake etc. Is prevented. The brim 51 at the end of the round tile prevents rain from entering the joints and enhances the appearance. As described above, the solar cell module 1 mounted on the frame is embedded and mounted in the tile body (flat tile) 3, roofed in series on the roof, wired with a connector, and covered with a round roof, thereby providing a roof with solar cells. Wood is obtained. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the roofing material of the present invention, in which a continuous air layer 4 is formed between the layer of the solar cell module 1 and the bottom of the tile body 3, and a lower portion of the continuous air layer 4 is formed. Opening / closing opening (air inlet)
6. An open / close shutter 61 is provided. By introducing air from the opening / closing opening, the solar cell module can be cooled to prevent overheating, and the heat of the heated air can be used for indoor heating or the like as necessary.

FIG. 3 shows a polycrystalline solar cell module 1.
As a protection, tempered glass with a thickness of 6 mm is laminated. FIG. 4 shows a metal frame for attaching the solar cell module 1 to the tile body (flat tile) 3. Reference numeral 21 denotes a frame body; 22, 23 engage portions with the tile body; A bent portion 25 is a fitting portion of the solar cell module. The solar cell module is fixed to the bent ends of the 24 bent portions. The solar cell module 1 is fitted into the central fitting portion 25 of the frame, and the periphery thereof is sealed with a sealing material such as silicone resin, butyl rubber, acrylic resin, or the like. Thus, the module is supported by the frame and is waterproof. FIG.
The tile body 3 is laid on a roof in series.
The tile body 3 has, at both ends thereof, a side wall 31 for mounting the module on the top surface 32 thereof, and a connection portion 33 on the outer side of the side wall 31 for connecting to another tile in the left-right direction. Is provided. The connecting portion 33 is a portion on which a round tile for covering is mounted or covered with the round tile, and has a generally semicircular cross section. It also has a water return function. In addition, tile body 3
Is provided with a support (support base) 34 that supports the solar cell module and can accommodate terminals in the center. In addition, a hole for wiring a lead wire from the bottom of the tile main body is provided, and an engagement portion 35 with the module is provided.

The solar cell module incorporated in the frame of FIG. 4 is embedded in the tile body (flat tile) of FIG. 5 and the legs 23 and 22 of the frame are bent and fixed to the recesses in the side wall of the flat tile. FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged view of fixing a solar cell module to a flat tile with a metal frame. The round tile shown in FIG. 7 is made of a pottery made mainly of clay, and therefore has a large specific gravity and is round, so that it is not easily blown off by the wind. Furthermore, since the terminals at the joints of the flat tiles are protected from rainwater, they are less likely to rust, cause poor contact, and prevent corrosion of electric wires and lead wires. The holes are used to fix the round roof tiles to the roof tiles or the floor boards through metal wires so that they do not slip down.

FIG. 8 shows the solar cell module 1 and the tile body 3
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a state in which a roof tile and a round roof tile 5 are used in combination. The joint can be protected by covering the joint between the tile and the roof tile.

Example 2 FIGS. 9 and 10 are a plan view and a cross-sectional view of another example of a tile in which a solar cell module is integrated, as viewed from the back. The bottom of the solar cell module 1 and the tile body 3 form an air layer. A two-layer structure is formed at a distance. An amorphous solar cell module 1 consisting of a solar cell and a tempered glass protective plate, with an operating characteristic of 15V-99mA, a length of 200mm and a width of 260mm, is fitted in a frame 2 and waterproofed with a sealing material, and a rubber tile body It is fixed to 3.

Example 3 FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing the air circulation in the experimental building, and FIG. 2 is a partial explanatory view showing the suction and cutoff of air in the experimental building. As shown in FIG. 11, a wooden experimental building of about 36.1 m ² was built on a sunny flat ground, and a roof with a solar cell module was roofed on a roof on the south side. Next, FIG.
As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 1, the air below the solar cell module 1 heated by sunlight is discharged from the warm air intake 81 on the back of the upper tile and is taken indoors. Then, hot air is collected from the opened shutter 82 in the roof duct 83, and is exhausted to the outside by a duct 85 and a ventilation fan 88 provided in a Udatsu 86 during a summer day, for example. In the case of winter, warm air is taken into the room through the duct 84 by the blower 87. In this case, the blower may be operated using the generated power.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing the shutoff of the openable / closable air intake port 6 and the wind tunnel (air layer) 4 in FIG.
During the day, the atmosphere is taken in from the back of the roof tiles (rooftops) and the roof tiles (eave straws) supported by the spacious roof, and from the inlet provided between the rain gutters. Also, in the winter night, by closing both the shutter 61 provided at the air intake and the shutter under the upper roof tile, or closing one of them, the air in the wind tunnel naturally rises or the outside strong and cold The wind can be prevented from blowing. The following measuring instruments were used to examine how much heat insulation or heat collection is possible depending on the weather conditions and the four seasons in the experimental building and temperature control system having such a structure.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 1 A roof with a solar cell module and a round tile were roofed on the roof of the experimental building, which was described in the examples, and were used in summer (late July) and spring (3 July).
(Early month) Measured power generation of amorphous solar cells, temperature change in weather, inside ducts and indoors, power generation of polycrystalline solar cells, front and back temperatures of solar cell modules, solar radiation for one week and temperature in ducts did. As a result, during the high summer temperature season (late July), amorphous solar cells (output
3.6W), the maximum output when roofing 66 roofs
It was 160W. When 66 polycrystals (5.2 W) were laid, 160 W of power could be obtained. At that time, the surface temperature of the solar cell module reached a maximum of 60 ° C. At a temperature of 30 ° C, the air temperature in ducts 83, 84 and 85 is 45 ° C.
Reached 5050 ° C. Moreover, the surface of the solar cell module
Room temperature did not rise above 35 ° C at 60 ° C. In the data on the next day (27th) of this measurement, the relationship between the outside air temperature and the room temperature was almost the same.

The solar radiation for one week during the summer season (July 23-29), the outside air temperature and the temperature in the wind tunnel were measured. On July 27, when the outside air temperature was 34.8 ° C., the temperature in the wind tunnel was Exceeded 50 ° C. In early spring, when the temperature is low, the daytime temperature is 10 ° C.
Even before and after, the temperature behind the roof tiles above the roof is 28.7 ° C
Up. The temperature inside ducts 83, 84 and 85 is 22 ℃
Up.

As described above, as a result of the measurement in the experimental building, in summer, it was possible to prevent a rise in the temperature behind the roof material by blocking the heat of sunlight. In addition, outside air flows into the wind tunnel of the solar cell module to cool it, and the hot air is
By exhausting from the Udatsu, heat conduction from the roof,
The radiant heat can be blocked, and the temperature rise in the room can be prevented. In the summer night, for example, by operating the exhaust fan using the electric power charged in the battery and ventilating the room, the temperature of the room heated during the day can be reduced to near the outside air temperature. On the other hand, during winter days, the heat of sunlight can be taken into the room. Convection in which the solar cell module escapes from the roof at night and on cold days when winter tree blight blows,
It alleviates indoor cooling due to heat conduction and radiant heat.
That is, the temperature can be adjusted by opening and closing the shutter of the intake port according to the season and weather, as described below. Moreover, fuel for cooling and heating and electric energy can be saved. In the southern countries, only heat insulation during the day and heat dissipation at night may be used. In the northern countries, only heat absorption or heat insulation at night and in bad weather may be performed.

EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE 2 When the solar cell roofing material moves from a higher temperature to a lower temperature indoors and outdoors compared to a conventional slate tile, the solar cell roofing material of the present invention is combined with a slate tile. A simulation experiment was conducted to determine the difference in heat transfer between a solar cell roofing material with a multi-layer structure with a wind tunnel and a conventional slate roof tile. That is, in this experiment, heat transfer on both sides with a temperature difference separated by a roof material with a multilayer solar cell module and a slate tile, that is, using a styrene foam container excellent in heat insulation, the temperature of the container was set to the ambient temperature. The speeds of lifting, lowering and cooling caused by the difference between the two were compared.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view of the apparatus used in the experiment. The size of the container (made of expanded polystyrene) 96 was 34 cm in length, 28 cm in width and 23 cm in height, and the inner volume was 22 liters. Further, the sawdust 95 is stored in a 2 kg capacity so that air convection does not occur in the space 92 in the experimental container.
Packing 1.45 liters, gap between slate and sawdust 7
cm. As shown in FIG. 1, a slate roof tile 93 measuring 33.3 cm in length, 30 cm in width, and 1.2 cm in thickness is placed on the container, and a polycrystalline solar cell module 91 (having dimensions of 27 cm in length, 29.5 cm, thickness 0.78 cm) was placed with a space of 5 cm between the slate roof tiles.

Further, in order to improve the airtightness and heat insulation so that the ambient temperature in the thermostat, such as radiant heat, from the outside of the container, the periphery of the solar cell module or the edge of the slate roof tile is not affected as much as possible, aluminum foil is used. Wrapped in 0.5 cm thick foamed polyurethane 97 laminated with 98.

A thermometer (temperature sensor) is provided on each of the solar cell module and the container sealed with the slate roof tile.
I attached 99. To measure the ambient temperature, attach the sensor T1 outside the container, attach the sensor T2 in the space between the solar cell module and the slate tile, attach the sensor T3 in the space below the slate tile, and attach the sensor T4 in the sawdust. Attachment, four and three of these temperature sensors were connected to a chart recorder.

The experimental apparatus was placed in a thermostat, the ambient temperature in the thermostat was set to 2 ° C., and the sawdust in the experimental apparatus was set.
The temperature of 95 was maintained at 4 ° C. Then, when the temperature of sawdust becomes stable at 4 ° C, the temperature of the thermostat is set to 50 ° C, and the temperature rise rate of each part, T1, T2, T3,
T4, temperature-time, was measured with a chart recorder.

Subsequently, sawdust in the container (experimental apparatus)
When the temperature of 95 reaches 30 ° C, set the temperature of the thermostat to 2
° C and the ambient temperature was reduced. And the temperature T in the thermostat
1.Measure the temperature change of the wind tunnel under the solar cell module (closed space in this experiment) temperature T2 of 94, temperature T3 of space 93 between slate roof tiles and sawdust, temperature T4 of sawdust 95 did.

Further, in order to increase the airtightness and heat insulation so that the ambient temperature in the thermostat such as radiant heat does not influence as much as possible from the outside of the container, the periphery of the solar cell module or the edge of the slate roof tile, aluminum foil is used. Wrapped in a 0.5 cm thick foamed polyethylene sheet laminated with 98.
Next, the temperature change in the case where the solar cell module was removed and only the slate roof tile was used was heated in the same procedure as in the previous section, and the temperature changes in the respective portions T1, T3 and T4 were measured. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0043]

[Table 1]

[0044]

[Table 2]

As a result of the experiment, as shown in Table 1 and Table 2, the temperature rise rate of the multi-story roofing material and the slate tile were compared.
The time required to increase the temperature from 2 ° C to raise the temperature inside the sawdust T4 from 4 ° C to 30 ° C, and accordingly, the temperature T2 of the wind tunnel between the solar cell module and the slate roof tiles, and the space temperature of the slate roof and sawdust. The time required to raise the temperature of T3 is

Multi-layer roofing material Slate tile Difference T2 2 hours ── ── T3 3 hours 40 minutes 1 hour 40 minutes 2 hours T4 6 hours 4 hours 40 minutes 1 hour 40 minutes

In the case of the multi-layered roofing material, it took 2 hours at the space temperature T3 of the slate tile, and the time required for the temperature in the sawdust to reach 30 ° C. was 1 hour and 40 minutes longer. From this experiment, the effect of blocking external heat was confirmed. Next, when the temperature T4 in the sawdust in the experimental apparatus reached 30 ° C., the temperature was switched to the temperature of the constant temperature bath at 2 ° C., and the temperature was lowered, and the temperature of the space T3 and the temperature of T4 in the sawdust were measured. The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

[0048]

[Table 3]

[0049]

[Table 4]

Tables 3 and 4 show the changes over time in the temperatures of the multi-layered roofing material and the slate tile, and show a comparison of the cooling rates. As is evident from these experimental results, the required time including the time lag required for the temperature of each part T2, T3, T4 to decrease in proportion to 14 ° C by decreasing the ambient temperature TI from 48 ° C to 2 ° C is ,

Multi-layer roofing material Slate tile Difference T2 2 hours 20 minutes ── ── T3 3 hours 40 minutes 1 hour 40 minutes 2 hours T4 6 hours 4 hours 40 minutes 1 hour 20 minutes

The result is as follows. Further, the required time of T2, T3, and T4 from 14 ° C. to 4 ° C. was as follows.

Multi-layer roofing material Slate roof tile Difference T2 4 hours ── ── T3 4 hours 2 hours 2 hours T4 6 hours 5 hours 1 hour

The temperature T4 in the sawdust 95 decreases in proportion to the difference (T3-T4) from the temperature T3 of the space 92 under the slate roof tile, and the temperature T3 of the space further increases in the temperature of the wind tunnel 94 under the solar cell module.
The cooling temperature slowed down in proportion to the difference from T2 (T2-T3). That is, the internal cooling rate is reduced by an amount that is cut off by the solar cell module and is further insulated three times by the air layer and the slate roof tile thereunder.

[0055]

According to the roofing material of the present invention, since the solar cell module 1 and the bottom of the tile body 3 have a two-layer structure in which a space layer is separated, overheating of the module 1 is prevented and power generation is performed with high efficiency. I can do it. Moreover, since the fitting type is used, the solar cell module can be easily replaced. Furthermore, since the joint of the tile body 3 is covered with the round tile and fitted, there is an advantage that the tile body 3 is not easily blown off by the wind.

The rain water around the mounting portion is received by the tile body, so that it is difficult for rain to leak to the field plate below the tile. Also, the sound insulation effect is excellent. In addition, since the electrical wiring connector is housed at the junction between the tile body and the tile body and covered with a round tile from above, it is difficult for rainwater and dust to enter the connector,
It is hardly corroded, and electrical wiring can be performed in series and in parallel.

When the tile body is made of cement or slate, it is easy to process, and is hidden under the solar cell module, so that it is not exposed to direct sunlight, is hardly weathered, and has excellent durability. In addition, since the dimensional accuracy is higher than that of clay tiles, it is easy to mount the solar cell module.
Round tiles are made of clay and are either an anodized tile or a pottery tile coated with a medicine, so they are semi-circular and resistant to impact. The combination of these advantages makes it possible to provide a roofing material having excellent durability and economy.

Since the solar cell modules are uniformly arranged and abutted, the warm air passing through the air layer can easily rise. If the lowermost intake port of the roofing material of the present invention, which is laid on the roof, is closed as required, it is warm in winter due to its heat insulating effect due to the double structure. In summer, opening the upper exhaust vent cools down and prevents the radiant heat from reaching the roof under the roof, such as under a steel plate or a tin roof, or a slate roof. Thermal conductivity (20 ℃) 2.5Kcal / m / hr as the material of the tile body
When a heat insulating material having a temperature of / ° C. or less is used, the above-mentioned heat insulating effect becomes more remarkable.

The hot air passing through the air layer on the back surface of the solar cell module is collected in a duct at the roof ridge, and can be used as a passive solar system for cooling and heating. Also, by sending warm air from the outside to this air layer, snow accumulated on the roofing material can be melted to remove snow. Since the back side of the solar cell module is a wind tunnel (air layer),
Even if the solar cells reach a high temperature of 60 ° C. or more due to solar heat, they are cooled and the power generation efficiency does not decrease.

Further, by using the wind tunnel, wiring of the connector attached to the lead wire of the module can be easily performed. Furthermore, even in the case of modules having different power generation efficiencies, the modules can be connected in parallel or in series so that the connection can be easily changed and the power generation efficiency can be maintained at the maximum.

The weight can be reduced by changing the type of fine aggregate used for the slate of the tile body. Also,
Clay tiles can be colored with excellent weather resistance by using a Yu medicine.

Since the wiring is performed after the roof of the tile body, the electric wires and the terminals are visible. Therefore, plus and minus connections, inspection for defects, and wiring work can be easily performed. In addition, when the roof material with solar cells is disposed of by adding or renovating a house or replacing the roof, the solar cell module, slate tile, and clay tile can be easily separated because of the combined structure.

In summer, the temperature of the back of the roofing material can be prevented from rising by blocking the heat of sunlight. Also, cool the outside air by flowing it into the wind tunnel of the solar cell module.
By exhausting the hot air from the umbrella, heat conduction and radiant heat from the roof can be blocked, and a rise in indoor temperature can be prevented. In the summer night, for example, by operating the exhaust fan using the electric power charged in the battery and ventilating the room, the temperature of the room heated during the day can be reduced to near the outside air temperature.

On the other hand, during the daytime in winter, the heat of sunlight can be taken indoors. Even at night and on cold days when winter tree blight blows, the solar cell module reduces indoor cooling due to convection, heat conduction and radiant heat escaping from the roof. That is, the temperature can be adjusted by opening and closing the shutter of the intake port according to the season and weather, as described below. Moreover, fuel for cooling and heating and electric energy can be saved. In the southern countries, only heat insulation during the day and heat dissipation at night may be used. In the northern countries, only heat absorption or heat insulation at night and in bad weather may be performed. A summary of the relationship of heat transfer is as follows.

[0065]

[Table 5]

That is, the system of the present invention can increase the power generation efficiency by lowering the surface temperature of the solar cell module, perform air conditioning with the heat of sunlight, and can function as a heat insulating material at night. .

If the size of the wind tunnel (air layer) between the solar cell module and the slate roof tile is set to about 5 cm or less, the convection of the air becomes very small. Therefore, the thermal conductivity of a well-known substance, solar cell module (thermal conductivity 0.6 kcal / m / hr /
℃) and the slate roof (thermal conductivity 2.0 kcal / m / hr / ℃) between the heat (thermal conductivity 0.02 kcal / m / hr / ℃), the heat transfer is blocked by that much. In the case of temperature rise and cooling, the amount of heat lost due to radiation from the slate roof tiles is cut off from the outside air by the solar cell module.
Since the temperature difference does not increase so much in the range of ° C., it can be said that the amount of heat lost per unit time decreases in proportion to the temperature difference. Therefore, the loss of heat at room temperature from the roof can be reduced at night or in the weather without sunlight.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a roofing material with a tile in which a solar cell module is integrated.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a roofing material of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a solar cell module.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a frame for protecting the solar cell module and attaching the solar cell module to the roof tile body.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of a roof tile main body for mounting a solar cell module.

FIG. 6 is a partial explanatory view showing an engagement portion between a frame 2 and a roof tile main body 3;

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a round roof tile.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a state in which a tile with a solar cell module and a round tile are used in combination.

FIG. 9 is a plan view of a tile with a solar cell module.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a tile with a solar cell module.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of an experimental building provided with the roofing material of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view of an apparatus used for a simulation experiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 solar cell module 2 frame 3 tile body 4 air layer (hollow) 5 round tile 6 opening and closing 21 frame body 22 joint with tile body 23 bent joint with tile body 24 attachment part to tile body 25 solar cell module Fitting part 31 Tile body 32 Top of side wall 33 Tile body joint part 34 Tile body support base 35 Joint part with solar cell module 36 Lead wire introduction groove on back surface 51 Round tile brim 61 Opening / closing shutter 71 Nodoki 72 Field board 73 Tile bar 81 Hot air intake 82 Shutter 83 Roof duct 84 Duct 85 Duct 86 Udatsu 87 Blower 88 Ventilation fan 91 Solar cell module 92 Space 93 Slate tile 94 Air layer (wind tunnel) 95 Sawdust 96 Foamed polystyrene 97 Foamed polyurethane 98 Aluminum foil 99 thermometer

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Yoshio Watanabe 13-46 Takayanagi-Higashi-cho, Okayama-shi, Okayama Nisshin Rubber Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Kenichi Mizu 3 Shiatsudori, Kurashiki-shi, Okayama Pref. Mitsubishi Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Masashi Wakeshima 6-3 Morishita-cho, Okayama City, Okayama Prefecture

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A roof with a solar cell module, comprising a solar cell module (1) supported by a frame (2) and a bottom of a tile body (3) having a two-layer structure with an air layer therebetween, is placed on a roof. With a solar cell module having a vertical continuous air layer between a solar cell module and a tile body, formed by a plurality of vertical tiles from top to bottom, formed by roofing A roof material with a solar cell module, wherein a lower portion of the continuous air layer is configured to be freely opened and closed. 2. A tile with a solar cell module, comprising: a solar cell module (1); a frame (2) for supporting the module and fixing the module to the tile body; and separating the module from the bottom of the tile body and an air layer. A side wall (31) for fixing is provided at both left and right ends, and a roof main body (3) having a concave cross section in which a connection portion with another roof is provided on each outer side of the side wall (31). The solar cell module (1) supported by 2) is placed on the top surface of the side wall (31) and fixed to the tile body (3), and the module (1) and the tile body (3) form a space layer. The roofing material according to claim 1, wherein the roofing material is a roof tile in which a solar cell module is integrated and has a two-layer structure. 3. The roofing material according to claim 1, wherein the space layer between the module (1) and the tile body (3) has a thickness of 10 to 50 mm. 4. The roofing material according to claim 1, further comprising an air blower for blowing or exhausting air in the air layer. 5. The roofing material according to claim 4, wherein air is blown to the air layer to cool the solar cell module from the back surface thereof and to recover thermal energy from hot air discharged at the same time. 6. The roofing material according to claim 4, wherein hot air is blown to the air layer to heat the solar cell module from the back surface thereof so that snow can be melted. 7. The tile body has a thermal conductivity of 2.5 Kcal / m / h at 20 ° C.
3. A heat insulating material having a temperature of r / ° C. or less.
Roofing material. 8. An arc-column-shaped covering tile (5) which covers and covers a connection part of two tiles and is placed and fixed on an end of the tile on the connection part side of the two solar cell modules. The roofing material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the connecting portion is covered and waterproofed. 9. The connection portion of the tile body has a recess for accommodating a connector attached to a lead wire from a terminal box of a solar cell module and allowing wires from the connector to be wired in series or in parallel. 9. The roofing material according to claim 8, wherein the roofing material is covered with an arc-shaped covering tile.